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<mods:title id="EE39247FC2FB6079C3DF4F989830EE70">Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5C5B99F65C334E4BD5520A126045A2C5">Garbino, Guilherme S. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="12AA40877B871CC356E25148DB0BD392">Pós-graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E396611303F55F1A04AF9D57AC568AB2">Tavares, Valéria Da C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AE971FAF3D5AF2995995DB8645A37F21">Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN / DSE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58059 - 900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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Key to the species and subspecies of genus
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1 Size small, forearm equal to or less than
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, greatest length of skull equal to or less than
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................... 2
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- Size intermediate to large, forearm equal to or more than
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, greatest length of skull equal to or more than
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...... ................................................................................................... 3
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2 First lower premolar longer than high mesiodistally; third cuspid of first lower premolar absent; crown of lower canine at the same level or higher than the tip of the coronoid process of the mandibular bone....................
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE974DEFED779815C7F" ID-CoL="86B7N" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[1241,1436,339,361]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE974DEFED779815C7F" box="[1241,1436,339,361]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma gorgasi</emphasis>
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- First lower premolar higher than long mesiodistally; third cuspid of first lower premolar present; crown of lower canine clearly below the level of the top of the coronoid process of the mandibular bone........................
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE974C5FE0A79815CB2" ID-CoL="5XT5Y" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1218,1436,398,420]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE974C5FE0A79815CB2" box="[1218,1436,398,420]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma trinitatum</emphasis>
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3 Size large, length of forearm equal to or more than
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, greatest length of skull equal to or more than
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; first lower premolar in contact with the lower canine and second premolar...............................
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE974B6FE4D79815CC8" ID-CoL="69T5X" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[1201,1436,457,478]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE974B6FE4D79815CC8" box="[1201,1436,457,478]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma improvisum</emphasis>
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- Size intermediate to large, forearm length equal to or less than
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(
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), greatest length of skull usually equal to or less than
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(
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); diastema between first lower premolar and second lower premolar...................... 4
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4 Size large, forearm length
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, greatest length of skull
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; dorsal pelage brown or dark brown; basal and terminal bands of the dorsal hairs of a same color................................................................ 5
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- Size intermediate, forearm length
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, greatest length of skull
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; dorsal pelage brown, light brown or buff; base of dorsal hairs darker than terminal band................................................................... 6
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5 First lower premolar large, with approximately ⅔ the height of second lower premolar; crown of lower canine clearly below the level of the top of the coronoid process of the mandibular bone; paraoccipital processes present.......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE97499FD5579805FF0" ID-CoL="874JP" authority="doriae" box="[1182,1437,721,742]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="doriae" subSpecies="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE97499FD5579805FF0" box="[1182,1437,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma doriae doriae</emphasis>
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- First lower premolar small, with approximately ¼ the height of second lower premolar; crown of lower canine approximately the same height as the top of the coronoid process of the mandibular bone; paraoccipital processes absent.....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE974E5FCAD79815E28" ID-CoL="5XSTY" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1250,1436,809,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE974E5FCAD79815E28" box="[1250,1436,809,830]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30E2B70DF877FFE97090FCC279815E6F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">6 Tip of noseleaf unnotched; facial stripes bright and conspicuous; posterior process of the palate absent; first upper incisors with convergent tips....................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="30E2B70DF877FFE97090FC0579815EA5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">- Tip of noseleaf notched; facial stripes dark and inconspicuous; posterior process of the palate present; first upper incisors with parallel or divergent tips................................................................................ 8</keyLead>
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7 Length of forearm usually more than
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); greatest length of skull equal to or more than
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); high-crowned first lower premolar (⅔ the height of second lower premolar; low-crowned lower canine, with the tips clearly below the level of the top of the coronoid process of the mandibular bone....................
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<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE97491FC727980591A" box="[1174,1437,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma doriae vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F877FFE97090FB9079815972" blockId="57.[151,1437,222,1183]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<keyLead id="30E2B70DF877FFE97090FB9079815972" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
- Length of forearm equal to or less than
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE97258FB977EBF593F" box="[607,674,1043,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE972A8FB977F06593F" box="[687,795,1043,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="43.0">4347 mm</quantity>
); greatest length of skull equal to or less than
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE974D2FB977905593F" box="[1237,1304,1043,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE97522FB97798C593F" box="[1317,1425,1043,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="23.0">2325 mm</quantity>
); low-crowned first lower premolar (¼ the height of second lower premolar); high-crowned lower canine, with the tips approximately the same height as the top of the coronoid process of the mandibular bone................
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE974C5FBCA79815972" ID-CoL="86B7P" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1218,1436,1102,1124]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE974C5FBCA79815972" box="[1218,1436,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E70C9DF877FFE97090FBEF79815988" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F877FFE97090FBEF79815996" blockId="57.[151,1437,222,1183]" box="[151,1436,1131,1153]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<keyLead id="30E2B70DF877FFE97090FBEF79815996" box="[151,1436,1131,1153]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
8 Length of forearm
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE9719FFBEF7DC65997" box="[408,475,1131,1153]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
on average (
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE97251FBEF7EDE5997" box="[598,707,1131,1153]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="41.0">4152 mm</quantity>
); distributed east of the Andes...........
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE9747EFBEF79815996" ID-CoL="5Y55Y" authority="villosum" authorityName="villosum: Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[1145,1436,1131,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="villosum" subSpecies="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE9747EFBEF79815996" box="[1145,1436,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma villosum villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F877FFE97090FB0D79815988" blockId="57.[151,1437,222,1183]" box="[151,1436,1161,1183]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<keyLead id="30E2B70DF877FFE97090FB0D79815988" box="[151,1436,1161,1183]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
- Length of forearm
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE9719FFB0D7DC65988" box="[408,475,1161,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
on average (
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF877FFE97251FB0D7EDE5988" box="[598,707,1161,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="41.0">4147 mm</quantity>
); distributed west of the Andes.............
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF877FFE97496FB0D79815988" ID-CoL="7JLMK" authorityName=": Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[1169,1436,1161,1182]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="villosum" subSpecies="jesupi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF877FFE97496FB0D79815988" box="[1169,1436,1161,1182]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chiroderma villosum jesupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>