266 lines
38 KiB
XML
266 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="53A85F56E5B0AB969745A69E77F0458C" ID-CLB-Dataset="4175" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5047.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0ed7687-ca00-4a28-818d-35043a0a5aff" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5540644" ID-ZooBank="E9D53A38-1160-4490-9A60-BF0F7C79CAEA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632984101172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Frolov, Andrey V., Vishnevskaya, Maria S. & Akhmetova, Lilia A." docDate="2021" docId="03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5047.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5047 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphodius (Bodilus) ictericus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="FF83FF9C2A44FF1CFFA0FFEB252CFFD8" masterDocTitle="Identification of larvae of two Aphodius Helwig, 1798 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species using morphology and DNA barcode" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1699458239673" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C2156B244B1296E9DAD3477F554BE249" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4DDCC6DEB990133B1C0709056C9DCA28">
|
||
<mods:title id="DDC8EF2D1182C76BB79954E8B7D0B8D6">Identification of larvae of two Aphodius Helwig, 1798 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species using morphology and DNA barcode</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D408BEB0CFDD0A93F511435EC0A36171" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F052C84696D2547AD21045A4121F4D76">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="38571C793499D706A4004C4F7C8A2A5B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CF44E0A5340E59CA03035F9F1E75C78B">Frolov, Andrey V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B4E97AE22E0AC212B506D3F09F3B5EB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6724-6828</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B6945D65A16A657FC45544478913D117">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia. & frolov @ scarabaeoidea. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6724 - 6828</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CECE9EF5009036E0C74A555B7918F9ED" type="email">frolov@scarabaeoidea.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C5930BF1AA26C3891109D239F027F130" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D93794DDD0B7D26F055E352A65509050">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DC804D4DEBC1AD078C250E01DF309594">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="49B3F0F055BBAB5A9AD92FBE4195D843">Vishnevskaya, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4BC39C2CF965408C6F7EFEF0AEE10083" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2634-2610</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="0E9C02145C52563A9C00AE6F1610CE04">Chromas Research Resource Center, Saint-Petersburg State University, Oranienbaumskoe hwy. 2 - 5, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia. wishm @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2634 - 2610</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="05CD0AE17C9D68670368AD0872998FC2" type="email">wishm@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BF144F41E8369ECDF4966433F7A9AE5A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="449656192C4C13D3A04AACF65C4C11D4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="08B3D38F3BA2948242BD0D81C29BBACD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D3C86978B2EE68247B11E72A3FFD1E6C">Akhmetova, Lilia A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="32609290F28B1983754339D4E10BB38E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2151-1278</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="708572FCDD12CEE2BD8E86F51FB6A70C">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia. & akhmetova @ scarabaeoidea. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2151 - 1278</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="454F4209AAAB7929CE4AABB126A4DC13" type="email">akhmetova@scarabaeoidea.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="EFD7E239A92705DDABB83EC9E90534DF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="AD2105F2F13FCAE52B5D1C550A359F68" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="1CC1F070117A962ED6C74E85CD0088BF">
|
||
<mods:title id="60277BD66F9726A5B3E46FE5C6572931">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7EF68E6FA98C57349F44F8D5DBC89275">
|
||
<mods:date id="E0C892818F64EFA14EFBA73D2A128866">2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7B34D549679DE28086ED54A9CC94F42C" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="A912EAFE0FC8BAA681B51C52228A30BC">2021-09-29</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7E4056E833851DB81389A7C21B3F8718" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D166BFF7442F94D396B5D62046B0EFC7">5047</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2388EB6813C63F694397B749E456964F" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="034E9056F5E8AFC330390139EDF3AACD">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="886AD84F11F0F3D2D5E9BB8728B4C4D6" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="09740A4A2186B835A580D9DA9AF97A50">153</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3D216E952F3C86A3E51DE3A76194D3E7">164</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8DBFF39808FF5C21CC9994A0C358F84A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="844C7C82027436AB97FB96948E35BE63" type="CLB-Dataset">4175</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D6920C425394C543119512C73D5AD61D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5047.2.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D226305DD8181881E7B9DDE223F9DE81" type="GBIF-Dataset">a0ed7687-ca00-4a28-818d-35043a0a5aff</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="94322882347F0D1DFC166F09DCBD0F35" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BC5C48F26DD02D18BD25A7D18A0912A7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5540644</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0F4BFF17D15BEF678450B001077E4D66" type="ZooBank">E9D53A38-1160-4490-9A60-BF0F7C79CAEA</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540674" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188532709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5540674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30965792A41FF19FF37FB4127C5FB1C" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF19FF37FB4127C5FB1C" blockId="5.[151,745,1194,1257]" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<heading id="D0E4819E2A41FF19FF37FB4127C5FB1C" bold="true" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A41FF19FF37FB4127C5FB1C" authority="(Laicharting, 1781)" baseAuthorityName="Laicharting" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus" subGenus="Bodilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A41FF19FF37FB4127C5FB1C" bold="true" box="[151,745,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A41FF19FF37FB412427FB1D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Aphodius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A41FF19FEBCFB412455FB1D" bold="true" box="[284,377,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Bodilus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A41FF19FE2AFB4024DDFB1D" bold="true" box="[394,497,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">ictericus</emphasis>
|
||
(Laicharting, 1781)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30965792A41FF19FF37FB242437FB31" box="[151,283,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF19FF37FB242437FB31" blockId="5.[151,745,1194,1257]" box="[151,283,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A41FF19FF37FB242437FB31" box="[151,283,1230,1257]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22–35" captionStart-1="FIGURE 36" captionStart-2="FIGURES 37–45" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,264,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,273,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,181,1881]" captionTargetBox-2="[168,1420,181,1705]" captionTargetId-0="figure-66@6.[151,1435,273,1936]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1881]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@8.[151,1435,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 22–35. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM." captionText-1="FIGURE 36. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva, labio-maxillary complex, SEM, dorsal view (above) and ventral view (below)." captionText-2="FIGURES 37–45. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 37–39, labrum in dorsal (37) and ventral (38, 39[SEM]) view; 40–41, left mandible in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) view; 42–43, right mandible in dorsal (42) and ventral (43) view; 44–45, labio-maxillary complex in dorsal (44) and ventral (45) view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540662" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540664" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5540662/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5540664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Figs. 22–45</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30965792A41FF19FF37FAFD205CFA19" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF19FF37FAFD205CFA19" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A41FF19FF37FAFD24AEFAE8" bold="true" box="[151,386,1302,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CAF2A41FF19FE2BFAFC2041FA19" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3359543302" accessionNumber="MW672587, MW672591" collectingDate="2019-11-07" collectingDateMax="2019-11-09" collectingDateMin="2019-11-07" collectionCode="ZIN, MW" country="Russia" county="For" location="More" municipality="Thirty" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-adult="14" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Astrakhan'">
|
||
<location id="8ECC60292A41FF19FE2BFAFC24E4FAE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9:8ECC60292A41FF19FE2BFAFC24E4FAE9" box="[395,456,1303,1329]" country="Russia" county="For" municipality="Thirty" name="More" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Astrakhan'">More</location>
|
||
than a hundred of the third instar larvae were collected on
|
||
<date id="FFAD10322A41FF19FBD1FAFC202AFAE9" box="[1137,1286,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" value="2019-11-07" valueMax="2019-11-09" valueMin="2019-11-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9DA2A41FF19FBD1FAFC202AFAE9" box="[1137,1286,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" value="2019-11-07" valueMax="2019-11-09" valueMin="2019-11-07">
|
||
7.–9.XI.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B172A41FF19FB68FAFC202AFAE9" box="[1224,1286,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12826" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" unit="in" value="2019.0">2019</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in cow dung near
|
||
<location id="8ECC60292A41FF19FF71FAD0240BFA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9:8ECC60292A41FF19FF71FAD0240BFA8D" box="[209,295,1339,1365]" country="Russia" county="For" municipality="Thirty" name="Dosang" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Astrakhan'">Dosang</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8ECC60292A41FF19FEC1FAD0248CFA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9:8ECC60292A41FF19FEC1FAD0248CFA8D" box="[353,416,1339,1365]" country="Russia" county="For" municipality="Thirty" name="Topal" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Astrakhan'">Topal</location>
|
||
settlements (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F8102A41FF19FD99FAD02631FA8D" box="[569,797,1339,1365]" country="Russia" name="Astrakhan'" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Astrakhan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south of the
|
||
<location id="8ECC60292A41FF19FC1DFAD02104FA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9:8ECC60292A41FF19FC1DFAD02104FA8D" box="[957,1064,1339,1365]" country="Russia" county="For" municipality="Thirty" name="European" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Astrakhan'">European</location>
|
||
part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30476622A41FF19FB28FAD021F4FA8E" box="[1160,1240,1339,1366]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8ECC60292A41FF19FB4BFAD02023FA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87E42A41FF15FF37FB41243DFAE9:8ECC60292A41FF19FB4BFAD02023FA8D" box="[1259,1295,1339,1365]" country="Russia" county="For" municipality="Thirty" name="All" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Astrakhan'">All</location>
|
||
larvae were about the same size and similar exteriorly.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8AC882A41FF19FDD1FAB4279BFAA1" box="[625,695,1375,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Thirty</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
live larvae were taken to the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02AE372A41FF19FC5DFAB42100FAA1" box="[1021,1068,1375,1401]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
laboratory and in two months
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD7B2A41FF19FA20FAB425F6FA45" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="adult">13 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
were obtained.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62CD4E7E2A41FF19FE2FFA68249AFA45" box="[399,438,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">For</collectingCounty>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD7B2A41FF19FE1EFA68271FFA45" box="[446,563,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="adult">two adults</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD7B2A41FF19FDCAFA6827C2FA45" box="[618,750,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
DNA barcodes were obtained (Genbank accession numbers:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9440AB112A41FF19FF37FA4D240DFA19" box="[151,289,1446,1473]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW672587" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02AE372A41FF19FF37FA4D25E7FA19" box="[151,203,1446,1473]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
672587
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9440AB112A41FF19FE8FFA4D249BFA19" box="[303,439,1446,1473]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW672591" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02AE372A41FF19FE8FFA4D244FFA19" box="[303,355,1446,1473]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
672591
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
, voucher numbers: COI121905, COI121906, COI121908, COI121921, COI121922)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30965792A41FF15FF67FA21242CFBC9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF19FF67FA21268BF9D1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A41FF19FF67FA212757FA3D" bold="true" box="[199,635,1482,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Description of the third instar larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of typical C-shape form, relatively slender, covered with sparse, short setae, with whitish, semitransparent integument except for head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF19FF67F9F8200EF9AD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Head width: 1.51±
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B172A41FF19FE34F9F924D0F9F5" box="[404,508,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length (without labrum): 1.13±
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B172A41FF19FCFDF9F826E9F9F5" box="[861,965,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head surface shiny, smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A41FF19FAAFF9F820BCF9F5" box="[1295,1424,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-66@6.[151,1435,273,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–35. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Figs 33, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color pattern of head capsule varies from light brown with unclear lighter spots to dark-brown pleural sclerites with distinct lighter spots and brown frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A41FF19FDE8F9B027E7F9AD" box="[584,715,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-66@6.[151,1435,273,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–35. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Figs 22–25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal sutures are visible as very fine, darker lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF19FF67F99420ADF8A9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Epicranial suture approximately 4 times shorter than frons height. Each pleural sclerite of epicranuim with 5 long setae: 4 near antennal support and 1 near epicranial suture. A few shorter setae located on pleural sclerite are arranged in irregular rows. Frons with 2 pairs of long setae and 3 pairs of short setae. Stemmata absent. Clypeus trapezoidal, brown. Postclypeus (2/3 length of clypeus) darker than preclypeus. Surface of clypeus without prominent tubercles. First 3 proximal antennomeres about same length, antennomere 1 with whitish stripe, antennomere 3 with small conical process and 5 minute setae distally. Ultimate antennomere short and conical, with 1 smooth elongated sensory area medially near apex and small apical area with a few basiconic sensilla and 1 minute seta.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A41FF1AFF67F8902062FF21" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A41FF19FE8FF890249CF84D" box="[303,432,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–45" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1435,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 37–45. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 37–39, labrum in dorsal (37) and ventral (38, 39[SEM]) view; 40–41, left mandible in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) view; 42–43, right mandible in dorsal (42) and ventral (43) view; 44–45, labio-maxillary complex in dorsal (44) and ventral (45) view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Figs 37–39</figureCitation>
|
||
) trilobed apically, with a pair of long setae and 1–2 pairs of short setae dorsally, 24 setae on anterior and lateral margins, and a pair of short robust setae ventrobasally. Clithra present, symmetrical. Phoba (protophoba, dexiophoba, and laeophoba sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B032A41FF19FD1CF8282643F806" author="Ritcher, P. O." box="[700,879,1987,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" refId="ref4859" refString="Ritcher, P. O. (1966) Wite Grubs and their Allies. A study of North American scarabaeoid larvae. Oregon State Monographs, Studies in Entomology 4. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, 219 pp." type="book" year="1966">Ritcher (1966))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as a semicircular ridge of inclinate mediad and sclerotized apically spinules; most spinules pectinate apically. Short additional ridge situated anteriorly on right side. Phoba anteriorly flanked with a row of ca. 20 placoid sensilla; 2 larger placoid sensilla between clithra. Epitorma long, parallel-sided, rounded and slightly widened apically. Pternotormae developed, subsymmetrical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C667A2A42FF1AFF37F84C211FF83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5540658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="159" startId="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1935]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A42FF1AFF37F84C211FF83B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1959,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A42FF1AFF37F84C2479F867" bold="true" box="[151,341,1959,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">FIGURES 22–35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A42FF1AFEFDF84C2766F867" baseAuthorityName="Laicharting" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[349,586,1959,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus" subGenus="Bodilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A42FF1AFEFDF84C2491F867" box="[349,445,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">Aphodius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A42FF1AFE6DF84324C8F867" box="[461,484,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">B.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A42FF1AFE53F8432766F867" box="[499,586,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">ictericus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C667A2A43FF1BFF37F89A25C1F875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5540662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540662/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" startId="7.[151,250,1905,1929]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,1881]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A43FF1BFF37F89A25C1F875" blockId="7.[151,1436,1905,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A43FF1BFF37F89A240CF852" bold="true" box="[151,288,1905,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A43FF1BFE87F89A273FF851" baseAuthorityName="Laicharting" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[295,531,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus" subGenus="Bodilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A43FF1BFE87F89A24ABF851" box="[295,391,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Aphodius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A43FF1BFE37F8992481F851" box="[407,429,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">B.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A43FF1BFE1CF899273FF851" box="[444,531,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">ictericus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar larva, labio-maxillary complex, SEM, dorsal view (above) and ventral view (below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C667A2A4CFF14FF37F9392629F8EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5540664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540664/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" startId="8.[151,264,1746,1770]" targetBox="[168,1420,181,1705]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4CFF14FF37F9392629F8EA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1746,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4CFF14FF37F939247AF932" bold="true" box="[151,342,1746,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">FIGURES 37–45.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A4CFF14FEFEF9392760F932" baseAuthorityName="Laicharting" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[350,588,1746,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus" subGenus="Bodilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4CFF14FEFEF9392492F932" box="[350,446,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Aphodius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4CFF14FE6FF93824C9F932" box="[463,485,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">B.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4CFF14FE55F9382760F932" box="[501,588,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">ictericus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar larva. 37–39, labrum in dorsal (37) and ventral (38, 39[SEM]) view; 40–41, left mandible in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) view; 42–43, right mandible in dorsal (42) and ventral (43) view; 44–45, labio-maxillary complex in dorsal (44) and ventral (45) view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4CFF14FF67F88B2702F83E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1888,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4CFF14FEEBF88B24E7F8A2" box="[331,459,1888,1914]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–45" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1435,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 37–45. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 37–39, labrum in dorsal (37) and ventral (38, 39[SEM]) view; 40–41, left mandible in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) view; 42–43, right mandible in dorsal (42) and ventral (43) view; 44–45, labio-maxillary complex in dorsal (44) and ventral (45) view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540664/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Figs 40–43</figureCitation>
|
||
) triangular, asymmetrical, external sides with 3 setae. Left mandible slightly longer than right mandible, its scissorial part wider, S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FDC7F87C2743F87D" attach="left" box="[615,623,1943,1957]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">1</subScript>
|
||
and S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FD15F87C2791F87D" attach="left" box="[693,701,1943,1957]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">2</subScript>
|
||
teeth widely separated by sinuation, S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FBCCF87C2158F87D" attach="left" box="[1132,1140,1943,1957]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">2</subScript>
|
||
and S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FB19F87C21EDF87D" attach="left" box="[1209,1217,1943,1957]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">3</subScript>
|
||
close, separated by incision. Right mandible: S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FE6AF85024FEF811" attach="left" box="[458,466,1979,1993]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">1</subScript>
|
||
and S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FDB9F850270DF811" attach="left" box="[537,545,1979,1993]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">2</subScript>
|
||
teeth fused, S
|
||
<subScript id="179734B72A4CFF14FD60F85027E4F811" attach="left" box="[704,712,1979,1993]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">3</subScript>
|
||
separated from them by incision. Base of mandible light brown, scissorial and molar part dark black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4DFF15FF67FF7C24CCFE75" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Maxillae symmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4DFF15FE6BFF7C2731FF69" box="[459,541,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 36. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva, labio-maxillary complex, SEM, dorsal view (above) and ventral view (below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540662/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4DFF15FD89FF7C275FFF69" box="[553,627,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–45" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1435,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 37–45. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 37–39, labrum in dorsal (37) and ventral (38, 39[SEM]) view; 40–41, left mandible in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) view; 42–43, right mandible in dorsal (42) and ventral (43) view; 44–45, labio-maxillary complex in dorsal (44) and ventral (45) view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540664/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">44, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cardo with 4 short setae: 2 on ventral side and 2 on lateral margin near base of stipes. Ventral side of stipes with 1 long proximal and 2 short distal setae, dorsal side with a row of 8 stridulatory teeth and 3 setae near base of palpifer (2 longer setae and 1 minute seta). Palpifer without stridulatory teeth, with one short seta ventrally. Maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres; palpomeres 1 and 4 with 1 seta each, palpomeres 3 with 2 setae; seta in 1st palpomere modified (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4DFF15FD3DFECC27C2FE99" box="[669,750,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 36. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva, labio-maxillary complex, SEM, dorsal view (above) and ventral view (below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540662/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowed). Ventral side of galea with longitudinal row of 9–10 short setae. Dorsal side and apex of galea with 6 longer setae. Dorsal side of lacinia with 5 long and thick setae and 1 shorter and slenderer seta basally, ventral side with 1 short seta basally. Uncus of lacinia tridentate, with 1 thick seta basad of the apical teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4DFF15FF67FE5C25DFFD5D" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Postmentum with 2 pairs of short setae. Proximal part of prementum with a pair of long setae. Distal part of prementum with a pair of long setae. Glossa surrounded laterally by rows of thick and ling setae reaching submentum ventroapically; distal setae long and acute, proximal setae shorter and somewhat spatulate, specifically in right row. Glossa with 3 pairs of setae apically, 2 pairs of larger placoid sensilla, a transverse row of ca. 20 smaller placoid sensilla proximad of larger sensilla, and a row of short, triangular spinules immediately proximad of row of placoid sensilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4DFF15FF67FD642428FD29" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Middle and hind legs of subequal length, fore legs slightly shorter. Each leg with 36 setae: 3 on coxa, 7 on trochanter, 11 on femur, 13 on tibia, and 2 on tarsus. Tarsal apices not serrate in lateral view, leg segments without tubercles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4DFF15FF67FD1024BDFC59" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Thoracic and abdominal segments with short and sparse setae. Folds of abdominal tergites 1–6 with shorter, thick setae arranged in transverse rows medially; setae not situated on conical tubercles. Lateral bulges of abdominal segments with 2 setae. Protoracic spiracles about 2 times larger than abdominal spiracles; abdominal spiracles of subequal size, minute.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4DFF15FF67FC60242CFBC9" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Raster without pallidia, with 56–60 relatively long, strongly sclerotized spinules. Medial spinules robuster and slightly flattened and widened apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4DFF15FDFCFC44279CFC11" box="[604,688,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-66@6.[151,1435,273,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–35. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinules are not arranged in rows or, in some specimens, medial spinules appear to be arranged in irregular longitudinal rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4DFF15FCFAFC3826CAFC36" box="[858,998,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-66@6.[151,1435,273,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–35. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Figs. 26–31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower anal lobe not sinuate laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A772A4DFF15FF00FC1C25D8FBC9" box="[160,244,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-66@6.[151,1435,273,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–35. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 22–25, 33, head; 26–31, anal sternite; 32, anal segment, caudal view; 34, head sculpture at high magnification; 35, spinules of raster. Figures 33–35, SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5540658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5540658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30965792A4DFF15FF67FBF1243DFAE9" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36F22A4DFF15FF67FBF1243DFAE9" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4DFF15FF67FBF1246EFBEC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B032A4DFF15FEDAFBF0273BFBED" author="Krell, F. - T." box="[378,535,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" pagination="106 - 123" refId="ref4624" refString="Krell, F. - T. (1997) Uberfamilie: Scarabaeoidea. Nachtrag zur 33. Familie: Scarabaeidae. 14. Gattung: Aphodius Illiger. In: Klausnitzer B. (ed.), Die Larven der Kafer Mitteleuropas. 4. Band. Polyphaga. Pars 3 sowie Erganzungen zum 1. bis 3. Band. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, pp. 106 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1997">Krell’s (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
key to Central European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A4DFF15FC93FBF026B1FBED" authorityName="Helwig" authorityYear="1798" box="[819,925,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4DFF15FC93FBF026B1FBED" box="[819,925,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Aphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae includes the larva of this species, however it is characterized as having a distinct smooth area of the raster which reaches middle of the raster. Examination of our material shows that this character is not reliable and the smooth area is unclear in most specimens examined. The third instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A4DFF15FE1DFB6C275EFB78" baseAuthorityName="Laicharting" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[445,626,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus" subGenus="Bodilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4DFF15FE1DFB6C24FAFB79" box="[445,470,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">A.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4DFF15FE48FB6C272CFB78" box="[488,512,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">B.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4DFF15FDB2FB6C275EFB78" box="[530,626,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">ictericus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is better diagnosed by having a smooth, shiny head with width ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B172A4DFF15FAD9FB6D25EFFB1D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and a characteristic color pattern of the pleural sclerites, raster with ca. 50–60 spinules without distinct pallidia and with unclear or indistinct smooth area basally, and by the modified setae on the first maxillary palpomere. The latter character, however, needs further examination because the larvae of few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D712A4DFF15FB39FB18202FFAD5" authorityName="Helwig" authorityYear="1798" box="[1177,1283,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAE02A4DFF15FB39FB18202FFAD5" box="[1177,1283,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Aphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were studied with SEM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |