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<document id="5F0A821525D9A7DC181943AB7F9036E9" ID-CLB-Dataset="32584" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4300.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7eb2410e-8578-432a-88f8-bc129d0a5b08" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="837117" ID-ZooBank="5FA0C659-9C52-4ABB-9CB6-1FB5CDDDF9F8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501581608167" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gusakov, Vladimir A. &amp; Gagarin, Vladimir G." docDate="2017" docId="03B1879D91780C181880FBB2FB1CA158" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4300.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4300 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xyalidae Chitwood 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF88FFE591670C071817FFF7FFBDA66D" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. I. Roundworms (Nematoda)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698466091254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7F05A648BFCF6484381867BC381077B0">An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. I. Roundworms (Nematoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C0E9CA97A59F5669CF85CA85BDEC9D3">Gusakov, Vladimir A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14E8AA7D3F7520AF1875BEA662C098C8">Gagarin, Vladimir G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B1879D91780C181880FBB2FB1CA158" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6018337" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132617997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6018337" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91780C181880FBB2FB1CA158" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1879D91780C181880FBB2FB1CA158" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C302650091780C181880FBB2FB18A2C8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FBB2FD8DA232" blockId="31.[151,560,1093,1119]" box="[151,560,1093,1119]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0EF81E791780C181880FBB2FD8DA232" bold="true" box="[151,560,1093,1119]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181880FBB2FD8DA232" bold="true" box="[151,560,1093,1119]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818E1FBB2FD8DA232" authority="Chitwood, 1951" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1951" box="[246,560,1093,1119]" class="Adenophorea" family="Xyalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FB7AFB18A2C8" blockId="31.[151,1436,1164,1449]" box="[151,1189,1164,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
112.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D9FB7AFCACA2C8" bold="true" box="[206,785,1164,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818D9FB7AFD48A2C8" authority="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen, 2005" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2005" box="[206,757,1164,1189]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dihystera">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D9FB7AFE78A2C8" bold="true" box="[206,453,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Daptonema dihystera</emphasis>
Gagarin &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181A43FB7BFD48A2C8" author="Nguyen" box="[596,757,1164,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, T. T. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005) Comparison on Free-living Nematode Compositions of the Cau, Day, Cam and Nhue Rivers. T ap chi Sinh H oc, 27, 36 - 42. [in Vietnamese]" type="journal article" year="2005">Nguyen, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{12, 32–34, 61, 62} (5, 0, 23, 18;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181C99FB7BFB21A2C8" bold="true" box="[1166,1180,1164,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">8</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650091780C1818D0FB47FB09A0EC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FB47FF78A350" blockId="31.[151,1436,1164,1449]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FB47FD3BA2A4" bold="true" box="[199,646,1200,1225]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
The species is very numerous at site 33—over 80 juveniles, about 40 females (seven gravid) and 36 males (58
<date id="FFA6104B91780C181A48FB21FD2CA28C" box="[607,657,1235,1263]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2010-10-03">x10 3</date>
/m2). At sites 61 and 62—1 to 3 juvenile specimens, 4 to 9 females, 3 to 4 females with eggs and 3 to 8 males (4–13
<date id="FFA6104B91780C181AB5FB09FD68A365" box="[674,725,1274,1302]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2010-10-03">x10 3</date>
/m2), at the other sites—1 to 3 females and males (up to 1
<date id="FFA6104B91780C181D49FB09FA29A365" box="[1374,1428,1274,1302]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2010-10-03">x10 3</date>
/ m2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FABFFEE8A3C4" blockId="31.[151,1436,1164,1449]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<materialsCitation id="3B703CD691780C1818D0FABFFEE8A3C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189587" country="Vietnam" location="northern Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FABFFDBFA30C" bold="true" box="[199,514,1352,1377]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Most likely a hydrobiont. Originally described from the rivers and lakes of
<location id="8EC7605091780C181880FA9BFEE1A3E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91780C181880FBB2FB1CA158:8EC7605091780C181880FA9BFEE1A3E8" box="[151,348,1388,1413]" country="Vietnam" name="northern Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">northern Vietnam</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C18197CFA9BFD29A3E8" author="Gagarin" box="[363,660,1388,1413]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005 a) Free-living nematodes from some fresh water bodies of Northern Vietnam. Biologiya Fnutrennih Fod, No. 1, 18 - 23. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Gagarin &amp; Nguyen 2005a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181A88FA9AFC05A3E8" author="Nguyen" box="[671,952,1388,1413]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, T. T. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005) Comparison on Free-living Nematode Compositions of the Cau, Day, Cam and Nhue Rivers. T ap chi Sinh H oc, 27, 36 - 42. [in Vietnamese]" type="journal article" year="2005">Nguyen &amp; Nguyen 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181BD4FA9BFB50A3E8" author="Gagarin" box="[963,1261,1388,1413]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. &amp; Nguyen, T. T. (2008 b) Free-Living Nematodes from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Inland Water Biology, 1, 320 - 325." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Gagarin &amp; Nguyen 2008b</bibRefCitation>
). Not yet found outside
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91780C1818F8FA67FEEFA3C4" box="[239,338,1424,1449]" name="Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FA2EFC3EA39C" blockId="31.[151,1437,1496,1845]" box="[151,899,1496,1521]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
113.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D9FA2FFD88A39C" bold="true" box="[206,565,1496,1521]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818D9FA2FFE5FA39C" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[206,482,1496,1521]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Theristus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D9FA2FFE86A39C" bold="true" box="[206,315,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Theristus</emphasis>
Bastian, 1865
</taxonomicName>
spp.—
</emphasis>
{22, 29, 32, 67} (5, 4, 8, 9;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181B7BFA2FFCC7A39C" bold="true" box="[876,890,1496,1521]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">6</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FA0BFDB0A054" blockId="31.[151,1437,1496,1845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FA0BFD34A078" bold="true" box="[199,649,1532,1557]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
In the quantitative samples—single juvenile individual or female, at site 29—five juvenile specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0F9B3FB09A0EC" blockId="31.[151,1437,1496,1845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0F9B3FE46A030" bold="true" box="[199,507,1604,1629]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Representatives of this genus are mainly marine species. Some species occur in brackish and fresh water, as well as in groundwater and wet soil (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181B66F99EFB15A0EC" author="Coomans" box="[881,1192,1640,1665]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Coomans, A. &amp; Eyualem, A. (2006) Order Monhysterida. In: Eyualem-Abebe, Traunspurger, W. &amp; Andrassy, I. (Eds.), Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 574 - 603. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851990095.0574" type="book chapter" year="2006">Coomans &amp; Eyualem 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650091780C1818D0F97BFB1CA158" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0F97BFB1CA158" blockId="31.[151,1437,1496,1845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0F97BFE86A0C8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1676,1701]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
We failed to attribute any of the solitary adult females we found reliably to any described species. Previously, four species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C181A53F947FD11A0A4" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[580,684,1712,1737]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Theristus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181A53F947FD11A0A4" box="[580,684,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Theristus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from the inland waters of
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91780C181CD3F947FA9AA0A4" box="[1220,1319,1712,1737]" name="Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C181D23F945FEA9A080" authority="Platt, 1973" authorityName="Platt" authorityYear="1973" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Theristus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181D23F945FA21A0A4" box="[1332,1436,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">T. longus</emphasis>
Platt, 1973
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C181908F921FD73A080" authority="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen, 2005" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Thanh" authorityYear="2005" box="[287,718,1748,1773]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Theristus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181908F921FE1AA080" box="[287,423,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">T. orientalis</emphasis>
Gagarin &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181A3AF922FD73A080" author="Nguyen" box="[557,718,1748,1773]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, T. T. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005) Comparison on Free-living Nematode Compositions of the Cau, Day, Cam and Nhue Rivers. T ap chi Sinh H oc, 27, 36 - 42. [in Vietnamese]" type="journal article" year="2005">Nguyen, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C181ACDF921FBD6A080" authority="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen, 2005" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2005" box="[730,1131,1748,1773]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Theristus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rigidus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181ACDF921FCF8A080" box="[730,837,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">T. rigidus</emphasis>
Gagarin &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181BDBF922FBD6A080" author="Nguyen" box="[972,1131,1748,1773]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, T. T. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005) Comparison on Free-living Nematode Compositions of the Cau, Day, Cam and Nhue Rivers. T ap chi Sinh H oc, 27, 36 - 42. [in Vietnamese]" type="journal article" year="2005">Nguyen, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C181CB5F921FE80A17C" authority="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen, 2011" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2011" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Ischiodorylaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181CB5F921FAA0A081" box="[1186,1309,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">T. minimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181D33F923FE80A17C" author="Gagarin" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2011) Two new species of free-living nematodes from Red River Mouth, Vietnam. International Journal of Nematology, 21, 67 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">Gagarin &amp; Nguyen, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. All listed species were found only in brackish waters, except for the second, which was also recovered from freshwater (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C1819D9F8EBFD77A158" author="Canh" box="[462,714,1820,1845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Canh, D. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2000) Freeliving Nematodes at the Brackish Water Estuary of the Thivai River (Dongnai Province). T ap chi Sinh H oc, 22, 6 - 9. [in Vietnamese]" type="journal article" year="2000">Canh &amp; Nguyen 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181AC2F8EAFCCCA158" author="Nguyen" box="[725,881,1821,1845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, V. T. (2007) Free-living nematodes Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Rhabditida, Enoplida, Mononchida, Dorylaimida. In: Dang, N. T. (Ed.), Fauna of Fietnam. Fol. 22. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 455 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="2007">Nguyen 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181B6BF8EBFB28A158" author="Gagarin" box="[892,1173,1820,1845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2011) Two new species of free-living nematodes from Red River Mouth, Vietnam. International Journal of Nematology, 21, 67 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">Gagarin &amp; Nguyen 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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