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<document id="13DDD3D6722F8F4FB605DB1A74A784DC" ID-CLB-Dataset="6194" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4975.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="529d48db-4299-4e2d-9aaf-6c4178c08b18" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4804909" ID-ZooBank="DB7C9028-3EDF-454F-88D0-336624AD1DC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1622016306479" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A. &amp; Marek, Paul E." docDate="2021" docId="03B18797FFEF9D0F4BA505ADDD4027D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4975.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4975 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bidentogon Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FF88FFEFFFE99D094B32053AD943204D" masterDocTitle="Three new genera and eighteen new species of miniature polydesmid millipedes from the northwestern United States (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1698991024886" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DECD7FEDDBEE27677CDB109702927751">Three new genera and eighteen new species of miniature polydesmid millipedes from the northwestern United States (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7A3E4F1D2D0B2F0E7C3BE1A78DEB36D6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="713A8EAABDF5EE4AB429242BA83619ED">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2DBC9372618DAFF779722642A169BFA7">Professor Emeritus, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney VA 23943; present address 1950 Price Drive, Farmville VA 23901.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C100155C832548A719DCB7BCFAB6098A">Marek, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B211C21372AD7B4496C4597F92E1D9BC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7048-2514</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0EC9D5F2916872D946F150B3454D672E">Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. pmarek @ vt. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7048 - 2514</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="11C31186464616F67CB73A13EE22CC6F" type="email">pmarek@vt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="527EF06B2028E4EF196E6761666EC34A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5BCC36AB34D6B07DE78F99AFFB5C92E5">2021-05-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="54BD7CE2CFC317D140BD7CB6973EBC89">4975</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B18797FFEF9D0F4BA505ADDD4027D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182644900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4923560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B18797FFEF9D0F4BA505ADDD4027D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B18797FFEF9D0F4BA505ADDD4027D3" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="C302650AFFEF9D0F4BA505ADDBFC20FC" box="[151,703,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BA505ADDBFC20FC" blockId="6.[151,703,151,178]" box="[151,703,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D0EF81EDFFEF9D0F4BA505ADDBFC20FC" bold="true" box="[151,703,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BA505ADDBFC20FC" bold="true" box="[151,703,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4BDC05ADDBFC20FC" ID-CoL="7NQQN" authority="Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968" authorityName="Buckett &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="1968" box="[238,703,151,178]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BDC05ADD83920FF" bold="true" box="[238,378,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650AFFEF9D0F4BA505E6DB2C215F" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BA505E6DD8A20BE" blockId="6.[151,1225,219,274]" box="[151,1225,219,244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4BA505E6DB7E20BE" ID-CoL="7NQQN" authority="Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968: 198" authorityName="Buckett &amp; Gardner" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,573,219,244]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BA505E6D84F20B9" box="[151,268,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968:198
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54A38823FFEF9D0F497505E6DB3A20B9" box="[583,633,220,244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F49E705E6DD8620BE" ID-CoL="LSN8" authority="Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968" authorityName="Buckett &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="1968" box="[725,1221,219,244]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helferorum">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F49E705E6DA8320B9" box="[725,960,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon helferorum</emphasis>
Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BA505C0DB2C215F" blockId="6.[151,1225,219,274]" box="[151,623,250,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0811AFFFEF9D0F4BA505C0DB2C215F" box="[151,623,250,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB91090FFEF9D0F4BA505C0D882215F" author="Shear, W. A." box="[151,449,250,274]" page="489" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4BA505C0D882215F" ID-CoL="7NQQN" authority=", Shear, 1972: 489" authorityName=", Shear" authorityPageNumber="489" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,449,250,274]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BA505C0D851215F" box="[151,274,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon,</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4A2B05C0D882215F" author="Shear, W. A." box="[281,449,250,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="489 - 492" refId="ref20339" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) The milliped genus Bidentogon (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Trichopolydesmidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85, 489 - 492." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear, 1972:489</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB91090FFEF9D0F4AF905C0DB2F215F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5014405" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[459,620,250,274]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3096E3A1DFFFBF462FBEE4E16C6A3" page="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4AF905C0DB2F215F" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[459,620,250,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref20733" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2003) A new polydesmid genus and two new species from Oregon and Washington, U. S. A., with a review of Bidentogon Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968, and a summary of the family in western North America (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). Zootaxa, 296, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 296.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Shelley, 2003:9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650AFFEF9D0F4BA50402D8022123" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BA50402D8022123" blockId="6.[151,1436,311,366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BA50402D809211D" box="[151,330,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Species included:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A630402DA102102" authority="Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968" authorityName="Buckett &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="1968" box="[337,851,311,336]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A630402DB05211D" box="[337,582,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon californicus</emphasis>
Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F486C0402DD2F211D" authority="Shelley, 2003" authorityName="Shelley" authorityYear="2003" box="[862,1132,312,336]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F486C0402DA9B2102" box="[862,984,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">B. expansus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F48ED0402DD2F211D" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[991,1132,312,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref20733" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2003) A new polydesmid genus and two new species from Oregon and Washington, U. S. A., with a review of Bidentogon Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968, and a summary of the family in western North America (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). Zootaxa, 296, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 296.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Shelley, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4F450402DD9A2102" authority="Shear &amp; Marek, 2021" authorityName="Shear &amp; Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[1143,1241,311,335]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norcal" status="sp. nov.">B. norcal</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57E8FFEF9D0F4FD20402DC592102" box="[1248,1306,312,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4FD20402DC57211D" bold="true" box="[1248,1300,312,336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4E660402D8412123" authority="Shear &amp; Marek, 2021" authorityName="Shear &amp; Marek" authorityYear="2021" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttensis" status="sp. nov.">B. buttensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57E8FFEF9D0F4A3B046CD8022123" box="[265,321,342,366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A3B046CD8782123" bold="true" box="[265,315,342,366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650AFFEF9D0F4BA504A6D817229B" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BA504A6D817229B" blockId="6.[151,1437,412,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BA504A6D85121FB" bold="true" box="[151,274,412,438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The simple gonopods of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F490B04A6DA5721FB" box="[569,788,412,438]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F490B04A6DBF921FB" box="[569,698,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
distinguish them from any other small polydesmids; the gonopod acropodite consists of a long solenomere and a simple, unbranched terminal zone (
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F4F9904FADDB22196" box="[1195,1265,448,475]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Bidentogon californicus Buckett &amp; Gardner. 1. Head and anterior rings, dorsal view. 2. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 3. Epiproct, lateral view. 4. Anterior end of male, ventral view. 5. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 6. Gonopod tips, ventral view. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804911/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The gonopod prefemorite is reduced and strongly flattened. Males have the femur of the third leg enlarged (
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F4F8804DEDC4F21B2" box="[1210,1292,484,511]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Bidentogon expansus Shelley 7. Collum and first ring, dorsal view 8. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 9, Epiproct, dorsal view. 10. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 11. Right leg 3, ventral view. 12. Part of right gonopod, ventral view.Abbreviations: ac, acropodite; f3, femur of third leg; pf, prefemorite; sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804921/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), a character not seen in other polydesmids. From the other genera discussed here,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F48FA0732DDE7226F" box="[968,1188,520,546]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F48FA0732DD0A226F" box="[968,1097,520,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
can be diagnosed by the flattened seta-bearing tubercles of the metazonites that somewhat resemble what Sierwald
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4FF70717DDBC220B" box="[1221,1279,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
(2020) called “blisters” in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A16076AD8BA2227" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1889" box="[292,505,592,618]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Pseudopolydesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A16076AD8BA2227" box="[292,505,592,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Pseudopolydesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and by the presence of alveolate cuticle on the metazonites between these tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F4BAD074ED84622C2" box="[159,261,628,655]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Bidentogon californicus Buckett &amp; Gardner. 1. Head and anterior rings, dorsal view. 2. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 3. Epiproct, lateral view. 4. Anterior end of male, ventral view. 5. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 6. Gonopod tips, ventral view. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804911/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A91074EDB3F22C3" box="[419,636,628,654]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A91074EDB6722C3" box="[419,548,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
never have more than three rows of setae on the metazonites; the other small polydesmid genera described here may have three rows on the anteriormost rings but transition to four or five rows posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650AFFEF9D0F4BF507DAD8E82352" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BF507DAD8E82352" blockId="6.[151,1437,412,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BF507DAD82222B7" bold="true" box="[199,353,736,762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49DCF863FFEF9D0F4A5A07DAD89F22B7" box="[360,476,736,762]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">California</collectingRegion>
, from San Mateo Co. and Sacramento north to Shasta Co. (see map in
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4FC407DADCDF22B6" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[1270,1436,736,763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref20733" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2003) A new polydesmid genus and two new species from Oregon and Washington, U. S. A., with a review of Bidentogon Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968, and a summary of the family in western North America (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). Zootaxa, 296, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 296.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Shelley [2003]</bibRefCitation>
and new records below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650AFFEF9D0F4BF50613DD4027D3" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BF50613DB26242E" blockId="6.[151,1437,412,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BF50613D852230E" bold="true" box="[199,273,809,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A2A0612D8DA230F" authorityName=", Shear" authorityYear="1972" box="[280,409,808,834]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A2A0612D8DA230F" box="[280,409,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rather anomalous genus whose inclusion in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F48840612DD10230F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[950,1107,808,834]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polydesmidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4F680613DDAB230F" box="[1114,1256,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">sensu strictu</emphasis>
is questionable. The genus was at first placed in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F49460676DD19232A" authority="(Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Buckett &amp; Gardner" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[628,1114,844,871]" class="Diplopoda" family="Vanhoeffeniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vanhoeffeniidae (Buckett &amp; Gardner 1968)</taxonomicName>
, then in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4F850676DCDF232B" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1910" box="[1207,1436,844,870]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopolydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichopolydesmidae</taxonomicName>
due to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A90064ADB1A23C7" baseAuthorityName="Buckett &amp; Gardner" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[418,601,880,906]" class="Diplopoda" family="Vanhoeffeniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vanhoeffeniidae</taxonomicName>
with that family (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F482C064ADAE123C6" author="Shear, W. A." box="[798,930,880,907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="489 - 492" refId="ref20339" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) The milliped genus Bidentogon (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Trichopolydesmidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85, 489 - 492." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4887064ADD1923C6" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[949,1114,880,907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref20733" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2003) A new polydesmid genus and two new species from Oregon and Washington, U. S. A., with a review of Bidentogon Buckett &amp; Gardner, 1968, and a summary of the family in western North America (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). Zootaxa, 296, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 296.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Shelley (2003)</bibRefCitation>
included it in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4FCA064ADCDB23C7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1272,1432,880,906]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polydesmidae</taxonomicName>
, a better position for the present time. At the least,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F49F406AEDA0423E3" authorityName=", Shear" authorityYear="1972" box="[710,839,916,942]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F49F406AEDA0423E3" box="[710,839,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably represents an undiagnosed tribe in the family, and at most a family of its own. The simple gonopods (
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F48160682DACB239F" box="[804,904,952,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Bidentogon californicus Buckett &amp; Gardner. 1. Head and anterior rings, dorsal view. 2. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 3. Epiproct, lateral view. 4. Anterior end of male, ventral view. 5. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 6. Gonopod tips, ventral view. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804911/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F48A60683DA98239E" box="[916,987,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Bidentogon expansus Shelley 7. Collum and first ring, dorsal view 8. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 9, Epiproct, dorsal view. 10. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 11. Right leg 3, ventral view. 12. Part of right gonopod, ventral view.Abbreviations: ac, acropodite; f3, femur of third leg; pf, prefemorite; sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804921/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">10, 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F48D50682DD6D239F" box="[999,1070,952,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1502,1526]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,488,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-154@10.[151,1436,488,1478]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Bidentogon buttensis, n. sp. 13. Head and anterior rings, dorsal view. 14. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 15. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 16. Gonopod tips, ventral view. Abbreviations: ac, acropodite; pf, prefemorite; sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804923/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">15, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F4F080683DDC2239E" box="[1082,1153,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,344,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-80@11.[164,1424,344,1945]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Bidentogon norcal, n. sp. 17. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 18. Rght gonopod, lateral view. 19. Left gonopod, mesal view. 20. Detail of left gonopod, mesal view. SEM stub WS33-10. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804929/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">18, 19</figureCitation>
), in which the acropodite consists of a solenomere (
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A8C06E7D88C23BA" bold="true" box="[446,463,989,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">s,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F4AE506E6DB6123BA" box="[471,546,988,1015]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,344,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-80@11.[164,1424,344,1945]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Bidentogon norcal, n. sp. 17. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 18. Rght gonopod, lateral view. 19. Left gonopod, mesal view. 20. Detail of left gonopod, mesal view. SEM stub WS33-10. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804929/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Fig 18</figureCitation>
) and an unmodified terminal zone (
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F488B06E7DA9523BA" bold="true" box="[953,982,989,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">tz,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F48EC06E6DD7323BA" box="[990,1072,988,1015]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,344,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-80@11.[164,1424,344,1945]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Bidentogon norcal, n. sp. 17. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 18. Rght gonopod, lateral view. 19. Left gonopod, mesal view. 20. Detail of left gonopod, mesal view. SEM stub WS33-10. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804929/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), give few clues to the affinities of the genus. Further complicating things are the absence in the gonopods of its species of the three most reliable polydesmid synapomorphies: a pulvillus, vesicle, and loop in the seminal canal. The gonopod prefemorite is curiously reduced and flattened (
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4AEE0172D8BF242F" bold="true" box="[476,508,1096,1122]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">pf,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F49310172DB11242E" box="[515,594,1096,1123]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Bidentogon expansus Shelley 7. Collum and first ring, dorsal view 8. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 9, Epiproct, dorsal view. 10. Gonopods in situ, ventral view. 11. Right leg 3, ventral view. 12. Part of right gonopod, ventral view.Abbreviations: ac, acropodite; f3, femur of third leg; pf, prefemorite; sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone. SEM stub WS33-7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804921/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
))
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BF50157D87F2587" blockId="6.[151,1437,412,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
However, SEM examination reveals that the solenomere is weakly sclerotized, which has not been observed using the optical microscope. In fact, there appears to be a continuum from a very lightly sclerotic solenomere with projecting cuticular scales (in
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4ADC018EDB852483" box="[494,710,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4ADC018EDB812483" authority="Shear &amp; Marek, 2021" authorityName="Shear &amp; Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[494,706,1204,1230]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norcal" status="sp. nov.">Bidentogon norcal</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F49FC018FDA4D2482" bold="true" box="[718,782,1205,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57E8FFEF9D0F49FC018FDA4D2482" box="[718,782,1205,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<figureCitation id="13232A04FFEF9D0F482C018EDADC2482" box="[798,927,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,344,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-80@11.[164,1424,344,1945]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Bidentogon norcal, n. sp. 17. Midbody ring, dorsal view. 18. Rght gonopod, lateral view. 19. Left gonopod, mesal view. 20. Detail of left gonopod, mesal view. SEM stub WS33-10. Abbreviations: sm, solenomere; tz, terminal zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4804929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4804929/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Figs 18–20</figureCitation>
) to a solenomere that is more sclerotized (
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4EB6018FD85E24BF" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4EB6018FD85E24BF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">B. californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but still with thinner, wrinkled cuticle near its base. We hypothesize that the solenomere may have developed from a typical pulvillus that became elongated and eventually more sclerotized. The cuticular scales in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4BA5001BD9BC2577" authorityName="Shear &amp; Marek" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,255,1312,1338]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norcal">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BA5001BD9BC2577" box="[151,255,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">B. norcal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be homologous to the fimbriae surrounding the seminal pore on other species. A similar trend occurs in species of the genus
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4AEC007EDB212513" box="[478,610,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4AEC007EDB182513" authorityName="Shelley" authorityYear="1997" box="[478,603,1348,1374]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Calianotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calianotus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4959007FDAC92512" authority="(Causey)" baseAuthorityName="Causey" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[619,906,1349,1375]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Calianotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yosemitensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4959007FDA5F2513" box="[619,796,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">C. yosemitensis</emphasis>
(Causey)
</taxonomicName>
has a flat pulvillus, while that of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4E23007FD86D25CE" authority="(Chamberlin)" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Calianotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sastianus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4E23007FDCDF2513" box="[1297,1436,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">C. sastianus</emphasis>
(Chamberlin)
</taxonomicName>
is elongated into a tube and set with hair-like scales, and the solenomere of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4FA00053D98A25EA" authority="(Loomis)" baseAuthorityName="Loomis" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Calianotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4FA00053DC1625CF" box="[1170,1365,1384,1411]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">C. bituberculatus</emphasis>
(Loomis)
</taxonomicName>
is a tube without scales (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4ADB00B6DBC025EA" author="Shelley, R. M." box="[489,643,1420,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="59 - 67" refId="ref20685" refString="Shelley, R. M. (1997) The identity of Polydesmus sastianus Chamberlin, proposal of a new milliped genus, and remarks on the identity of Phreatodesmus hastingsus (Chamberlin) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). Myriapodologica, 4, 59 - 67." type="journal article" year="1997">Shelley 1997</bibRefCitation>
). If supported, this hypothesis would argue for keeping
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4FCF00B6DC3D25EB" authorityName=", Shear" authorityYear="1972" box="[1277,1406,1420,1446]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4FCF00B6DC3D25EB" box="[1277,1406,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4BA5008AD87B2587" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,312,1456,1482]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polydesmidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BF500EED9B3268B" blockId="6.[151,1437,412,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4BF500EED8DD25A2" author="Mikhaljova, E. V." box="[199,414,1492,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="129 - 132" refId="ref20081" refString="Mikhaljova, E. V. (2005) New data on the millipede fauna of the basin of Amur River (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 14, 129 - 132." type="journal article" year="2005">Mikhaljova (2005)</bibRefCitation>
has speculated that the northeast Asian genus
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F48F300EED98C265E" authority="Golovatch &amp; Mikhalova, 1979" authorityName="Golovatch &amp; Mikhalova" authorityYear="1979" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Uniramidesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F48F300EEDD3125A3" box="[961,1138,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Uniramidesmus</emphasis>
Golovatch &amp; Mikhalova, 1979
</taxonomicName>
may be related to
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A9A00C2DB72265F" box="[424,561,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A9A00C2DB6E265F" authorityName=", Shear" authorityYear="1972" box="[424,557,1528,1554]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bidentogon</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
At least some species of the central Asian genus
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4F5B00C2D98C267A" authority="Lohmander, 1932" authorityName="Lohmander" authorityYear="1932" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Turanodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4F5B00C2DC4F265F" box="[1129,1292,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Turanodesmus</emphasis>
Lohmander, 1932
</taxonomicName>
strongly resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A910326DB67267B" authorityName=", Shear" authorityYear="1972" box="[419,548,1564,1590]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A910326DB67267B" box="[419,548,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their metazonital ornament as well as gonopod anatomy (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B70FFEF9D0F4FF00326DCD3267A" author="Spelda, J. &amp; Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Meidell, B." box="[1218,1424,1564,1591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref20932" refString="Spelda, J., Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Meidell, B. (1998) Revision of the Central Asian millipede genus Turanodesmus Lohmander, 1932 (Diplopoda, Polydesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 7, 163 - 174." type="journal article" year="1998">
Spelda
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4E240327DC0D267B" box="[1302,1358,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
). Finally, there is a close resemblance of the gonopods of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F48B0037ADC502617" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman" authorityYear="1950" box="[898,1299,1600,1627]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Utadesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F48B0037ADABD2617" box="[898,1022,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Utadesmus</emphasis>
Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DCF863FFEF9D0F4E13037ADC1F2617" box="[1313,1372,1600,1626]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Utah</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DCF863FFEF9D0F4E55037BD9AD2632" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
) to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A4E035EDB1B2633" box="[380,600,1636,1662]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A4E035ED8BE2633" box="[380,509,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, differing only in the presence of a pulvillar process and a flattened, shelflike pulvillus; Shelley (1996) described the ornament of the metazonites as being much like that of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4E2903B2D9B3268B" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4E2903B2DCDF26EF" box="[1307,1436,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73681FFEF9D0F4BF503EADD4027D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,412,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
Nonetheless, the general appearance of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F49BE03EADA2426A7" box="[652,871,1744,1770]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F49BE03EADA4E26A7" box="[652,781,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is polydesmid. An apparently unique character is the large, blunt tubercles that bear the setae of the metazonites—flattened and expanded to resemble the dorsal areas seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4BDE0222D831277F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[236,370,1816,1842]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Polydesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4BDE0222D831277F" box="[236,370,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Polydesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4A9A0222DB3E277F" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1889" box="[424,637,1816,1842]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Pseudopolydesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4A9A0222DB3E277F" box="[424,637,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Pseudopolydesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—but separated by alveolate cuticle; in the other genera discussed here, alveolate cuticle does not occur on the dorsa of the metazonites and the seta-bearing tubercles are not flattened. In addition, the third legpair of males is unusually modified in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D02FFEF9D0F4871025ADD632737" box="[835,1056,1888,1914]" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Bidentogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96CEA93FFEF9D0F4871025ADA872737" box="[835,964,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Bidentogon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, with a distinctly swollen, almost spherical femur. No sphaerotrichomes were observed on the legs of the males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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