treatments-xml/data/03/B1/87/03B187806869C7673DC8685D0516FE8E.xml

<document id="F8EAEEC488DACEC1E9941F97EDBE71C5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74502420-cdb1-4aa8-a8af-20a5b43cb7b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190697" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461116826787" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cardoso, Pedro &amp; Scharff, Nikolaj" docDate="2009" docId="03B187806869C7673DC8685D0516FE8E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02246p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2246" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anapistula ataecina Cardoso &amp; Scharff, 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FF88FFF8686BC76D3D5F6D5A0408FFFD" masterDocTitle="First record of the spider family Symphytognathidae in Europe and description of Anapistula ataecina sp. n. (Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698595272405" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C92B9F8B48CFB6281D9F41DCD85465BF">First record of the spider family Symphytognathidae in Europe and description of Anapistula ataecina sp. n. (Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AC4E1B0EA7EAFCE6969CC13BCC3C0D82">Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE16A479802885480E3069669A385B0E">Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="80E75BE77012FEDB0F8079617C792591">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B187806869C7673DC8685D0516FE8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217456" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187806869C7673DC8685D0516FE8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187806869C7673DC8685D0516FE8E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="C302651D6869C76F3DC8685D0518FAB9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736966869C76F3DC8685D05DAFADC" blockId="2.[151,466,1287,1348]" box="[151,466,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D0EF81FA6869C76F3DC8685D05DAFADC" bold="true" box="[151,466,1287,1313]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F3DC8685D05DAFADC" bold="true" box="[151,466,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156869C76F3DC8685D0580FADC" ID-CoL="DFRX" box="[151,392,1287,1313]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F3DC8685D0580FADC" bold="true" box="[151,392,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6869C76F3CD0685D05DAFADC" box="[399,466,1287,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736966869C76F3DC868700518FAB9" blockId="2.[151,466,1287,1348]" box="[151,272,1322,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
(
<figureCitation id="13232A136869C76F3DC068700500FAB9" box="[159,264,1322,1348]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,260,1836,1860]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,255,786,810]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,255,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetBox-3="[184,1403,191,1798]" captionTargetBox-4="[175,1408,217,732]" captionTargetBox-5="[227,1344,936,1639]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,160,1832]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[151,1436,194,762]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[188,1398,910,1682]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. SEM images of spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B – D) 0.001 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. SEM images of posterior spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) PMS and PLS spinnerets: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigot (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). B) PLS spinneret: aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B) 0.001 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Vulva of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: Spermatheca (Sp), lateral duct (ld), median duct (md), border between lateral duct and spermatheca (A), point on anterior border of lateral ducts where the two ducts meet (B), border of epigastric furrow (C). Scale bar: 0.02 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/190703/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/190704/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 2–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302651D6869C76F3DC8682D074CF913" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA736966869C76F3DC8682D075AFA45" blockId="2.[151,1437,1399,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F3DC8682D0544FA6C" bold="true" box="[151,332,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="54A388346869C76F3DC8682D04DCFA6C" box="[151,212,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Female 
<typeStatus id="54A388346869C76F3CEF6822061EFA6F" box="[432,534,1400,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Gruta do Fumo, Sesimbra, 
<collectingCountry id="F30F76066869C76F3EC8682207F2FA6F" box="[919,1018,1400,1426]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(N38° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50516869C76F391A682200B5FA6F" box="[1093,1213,1400,1426]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" precision="55" value="-26.05">26.050 W</geoCoordinate>
009°08.650, 
<quantity id="4CE09B736869C76F380D68220194FA6F" box="[1362,1436,1400,1426]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="210.0">210 m</quantity>
altitude); 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3C5768C40592FA45" box="[264,410,1438,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2007-12-23">23.XII.2007</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3F3968C406B5FA45" box="[614,701,1438,1464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012700).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736966869C76F3D9A689F074CF913" blockId="2.[151,1437,1399,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F3D9A689F05ADFA22" bold="true" box="[197,421,1477,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Other material</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54A388346869C76F3C9F689F064FFA22" box="[448,583,1477,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
): 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F3F34689F06EEFA22" box="[619,742,1477,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from same locality; 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3947689F00A3FA22" box="[1048,1195,1477,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2005-02-27">27.II.2005</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3DC068B604F0F9FB" box="[159,248,1516,1542]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012701). 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F3CCC68B605F1F9FB" box="[403,505,1516,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from same locality; 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3FB068B6077BF9FB" box="[751,883,1516,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2007-04-11">11.IV.2007</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F391E68B60091F9FB" box="[1089,1177,1516,1542]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012702). 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F386A68B60194F9FB" box="[1333,1436,1516,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from same locality; 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3CC26B480627F9D1" box="[413,559,1554,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2007-04-19">19.IV.2007</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3E4C6B48077AF9D1" box="[787,882,1554,1580]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012703). 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F39456B480090F9D1" box="[1050,1176,1554,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
from same locality; 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3DC86B63053AF9AE" box="[151,306,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2007-12-23">23.XII.2007</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3F536B63066FF9AE" box="[524,615,1593,1619]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012704). 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F3E546B63078BF9AE" box="[779,899,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
from Gruta do Coelho, Sesimbra, 
<collectingCountry id="F30F76066869C76F386B6B630195F9AE" box="[1332,1437,1593,1619]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(N38° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50516869C76F3D846B3A055DF987" box="[219,341,1632,1658]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" precision="55" value="-25.8">25.800 W</geoCoordinate>
009°08.200, 
<quantity id="4CE09B736869C76F3CB36B3A0638F987" box="[492,560,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="120.0">120m</quantity>
altitude); 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3FF56B3A0738F987" box="[682,816,1632,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2005-04-30">30.IV.2005</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3EA06B3A005FF987" box="[1023,1111,1632,1658]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012705). 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F39AC6B3A0152F987" box="[1267,1370,1632,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from Gruta da Utopia, Sesimbra, 
<collectingCountry id="F30F76066869C76F3C816BDC0649F95D" box="[478,577,1670,1696]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(N38° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50516869C76F3FD36BDC070EF95D" box="[652,774,1670,1696]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" precision="55" value="-26.05">26.050 W</geoCoordinate>
009°08.850, 
<quantity id="4CE09B736869C76F3EC46BDC07D6F95D" box="[923,990,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="180.0">180m</quantity>
altitude); 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F39086BDC00E8F95D" box="[1111,1248,1670,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2006-06-01">01.VI.2006</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3DC06BF704FFF93A" box="[159,247,1709,1735]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012706). 
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD1F6869C76F3CCB6BF705F4F93A" box="[404,508,1709,1735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from Gruta da Furada, Sesimbra, 
<collectingCountry id="F30F76066869C76F3ECA6BF707F1F93A" box="[917,1017,1709,1735]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(N38° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C50516869C76F391A6BF700C9F93A" box="[1093,1217,1709,1735]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" precision="55" value="-25.7">25.700 W</geoCoordinate>
009°10.500, 150m altitude); 
<date id="FFA610566869C76F3C576B8E0584F913" box="[264,396,1748,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2007-04-13">13.IV.2007</date>
; P. Cardoso leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED09AE536869C76F3F076B8E06B8F913" box="[600,688,1748,1774]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">ZMUC</collectionCode>
000012707).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302651D6869C7693D996BA0062EF859" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA736966869C76F3D996BA00114F8C6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1399,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F3D996BA0055BF8E9" bold="true" box="[198,339,1786,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156869C76F3FAC6BA00769F8E9" box="[755,865,1786,1812]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina">Ataecina</taxonomicName>
” (also spelled “Ataegina”), a subterranean world deity in Lusitanian and Celtiberian mythology, goddess of nature, night, healing, death and rebirth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736966869C76E3D996A1D0669FF02" blockId="2.[151,1437,1399,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F3D996A1D05F5F89C" bold="true" box="[198,509,1863,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Taxonomic justification:</emphasis>
The relatively low cephalothorax, the presence of posterior spiracles, the complete lack of a palp, and four eyes in two diads, makes it easy to place the new species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156869C76F384D6A35019DF875" box="[1298,1429,1903,1928]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846869C76F384D6A35019DF875" box="[1298,1429,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is more difficult to compare our new species to congeneric species, since illustrations in the literature are rather poor and inadequate. Only a few authors have described their species in such details as we do here. Given the somatic and genital details presented in the paper, combined with the habitat and geographic isolation of the specimens found in this Portuguese cave system, we do not hesitate to describe this material as belonging to a new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736966868C76E3D9A6C56054DFE3D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
In general, all known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156868C76E3F1D6C5606C9FED8" box="[578,705,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846868C76E3F1D6C5606C9FED8" box="[578,705,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have rather similar female genitalia with paired spermathecae connected by lateral ducts to a median duct (
<figureCitation id="13232A136868C76E3FC06C6806EEFEB1" box="[671,742,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[227,1344,936,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,910,1682]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Vulva of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: Spermatheca (Sp), lateral duct (ld), median duct (md), border between lateral duct and spermatheca (A), point on anterior border of lateral ducts where the two ducts meet (B), border of epigastric furrow (C). Scale bar: 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190704/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Females of different species are separated on the 1) shape and size of the spermathecae and the detailed proportion of the ducts; 2) presence or absence of epigynal atrium; 3) body size; 4) separation of posterior lateral eyes; and 5) number and distribution of setae on the cephalothorax.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF67661E6868C76E3DC86A2B04B0F830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA736966868C76E3DC86A2B04B0F830" blockId="3.[151,1435,1905,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846868C76E3DC86A2B0511F874" bold="true" box="[151,281,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Adult female of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156868C76E3C8D6A2806A1F874" box="[466,681,1906,1929]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846868C76E3C8D6A2806A1F874" box="[466,681,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6868C76E3FEF6A2B06E4F874" box="[688,748,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846868C76E3FEF6A2B06E4F874" bold="true" box="[688,748,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2A– B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7693D9A6DC206A5FF02" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
In order to decide whether our Portuguese specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E326DC207E6FF4C" box="[877,1006,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E326DC207E6FF4C" box="[877,1006,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represented individuals of a known species or should be described as a new species, we compared the Portuguese specimens with the nineteen known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C356DBF06A0FF02" authority="Platnick 2009" authorityName="Platnick" authorityYear="2009" box="[362,680,229,255]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C356DBF05E1FF03" box="[362,489,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693CA86DBF06A8FF02" author="Platnick" box="[503,672,229,255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http: / / research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html (Date of access: 13 May 2009)." type="journal article" year="2009">Platnick 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7693D9A6C56054DFBAC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Some species can be disregarded right away, since they have no eyes (the cave species 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939E16C560142FED8" box="[1214,1354,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglobia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939E16C560142FED8" box="[1214,1354,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. troglobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76938DC6C560504FEB6" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuttacutta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76938DC6C560504FEB6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. cuttacutta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or six eyes (
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693CF46C68061DFEB6" box="[427,533,306,331]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693CF46C68061DFEB6" box="[427,533,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. boneti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and two additional species are only known from males and therefore cannot be compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C306C030652FE8F" box="[367,602,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C306C030652FE8F" box="[367,602,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693F3D6C0206ACFE8F" box="[610,676,344,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F3D6C0206ACFE8F" bold="true" box="[610,676,344,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. These are 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E756C0300D2FE8E" authority="Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[810,1242,345,371]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bebuia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E756C030792FE8F" box="[810,922,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. bebuia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693EFE6C0300D2FE8E" author="Rheims" box="[929,1242,345,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from a cave and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693DC86CDA063DFE67" authority="Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,565,384,410]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyri">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693DC86CDA04FDFE64" box="[151,245,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. guyri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693DA36CDA063DFE67" author="Rheims" box="[252,565,384,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from litter, both in 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693E456CDA076DFE67" box="[794,869,384,410]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Both species have males that are larger than the females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C426CFD0606FE3D" box="[285,526,423,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C426CFD0606FE3D" box="[285,526,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693F486CFC0653FE3D" box="[535,603,422,448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F486CFC0653FE3D" bold="true" box="[535,603,422,448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and since males of all known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939136CFD00C6FE3D" box="[1100,1230,423,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939136CFD00C6FE3D" box="[1100,1230,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are considerably smaller than the females, they are not considered to be same species as 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939466C9700AFFE1B" box="[1049,1191,461,486]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939466C9700AFFE1B" box="[1049,1191,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC76939EF6C9700FEFE1A" box="[1200,1270,461,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939EF6C9700FEFE1A" bold="true" box="[1200,1270,461,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Similarly, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76938DD6C970666FDF3" authority="Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquytabuera">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76938DD6C970523FDF0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. aquytabuera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693C6D6CAE0666FDF3" author="Rheims" box="[306,622,500,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F256CAE007CFDF3" authority="Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[634,1140,500,526]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pocaruguara">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F256CAE073CFDF0" box="[634,820,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. pocaruguara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693E646CAE007CFDF3" author="Rheims" box="[827,1140,500,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939F26CAE0572FDC9" authority="Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ybyquyra">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939F26CAE0133FDF0" box="[1197,1339,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. ybyquyra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC769381D6CAE0572FDC9" author="Rheims" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693C976F40061BFDC9" box="[456,531,538,564]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F0E6F4007C7FDC9" authority="Saaristo, 1996" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="1996" box="[593,975,538,564]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F0E6F40071DFDCE" box="[593,789,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. seychellensis</emphasis>
Saaristo, 1996
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC76939156F4000C6FDC9" box="[1098,1230,538,564]" name="Seychelles" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
all have distinct epigynal atria, not seen in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C816F1B06DCFDA7" box="[478,724,577,602]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C816F1B06DCFDA7" box="[478,724,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693F836F1A072AFDA7" box="[732,802,576,602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F836F1A072AFDA7" bold="true" box="[732,802,576,602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
In a review of the Australasian 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939EF6F1B013CFDA7" box="[1200,1332,577,602]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939EF6F1B013CFDA7" box="[1200,1332,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693DC86F32054DFD7F" author="Harvey" box="[151,325,616,642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
described the setal pattern of the cephalothorax of males and females of Australasian species and found an interesting pattern that he used in the descriptions of the species. Males and females have similar patterns within each species. All species had either eight or six setae on the cephalothorax and a pattern with either four setae on the clypeus, two setae adjacent to the eye diads, and two setae on the posterior part of thorax (4-2-2 pattern present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F466E5806A1FCE6" box="[537,681,770,795]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglobia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F466E5806A1FCE6" box="[537,681,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. troglobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693FE56E5807FAFCE1" authority="Harvey, 1998" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1998" box="[698,1010,770,796]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693FE56E580741FCE6" box="[698,841,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. bifurcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693E0E6E5807FAFCE1" author="Harvey" box="[849,1010,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939716E58013DFCE1" authority="Harvey, 1998" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1998" box="[1070,1333,770,796]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jerai">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76939716E580082FCE6" box="[1070,1162,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. jerai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC76939CD6E58013DFCE1" author="Harvey" box="[1170,1333,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) or with four setae on clypeus, two setae adjacent to eyes, and no setae on thorax (4-2-0 pattern present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76938696E730531FC97" authority="Harvey, 1998" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1998" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonga">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76938696E730194FCBF" box="[1334,1436,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. tonga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693DC86E0A0531FC97" author="Harvey" box="[151,313,848,874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C126E0A0631FC94" box="[333,569,848,873]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C126E0A0631FC94" box="[333,569,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693F1E6E15068BFC94" box="[577,643,847,873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F1E6E15068BFC94" bold="true" box="[577,643,847,873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
have a unique pattern with ten setae on cephalothorax of which six are on clypeus, two adjacent to the eyes and two on the posterior part of thorax. Of the remaining seven species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C496EC7059FFC4B" box="[278,407,925,950]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C496EC7059FFC4B" box="[278,407,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
worldwide, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F726EC70786FC4A" authority="Tong &amp; Li, 2006" authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2006" box="[557,910,925,951]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendix">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F726EC706B4FC4B" box="[557,700,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. appendix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693F9B6EC70786FC4A" author="Tong" box="[708,910,925,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Tong, Y. F. &amp; Li, S. Q. (2006) Symphytognathidae (Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from China. Zootaxa, 1259, 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="2006">Tong &amp; Li, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from a cave in 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC76939146EC7009AFC4A" box="[1099,1170,925,951]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">China</collectingCountry>
are much larger (0.65 long), have lateral epigynal ducts with lobes not present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E176E9E07C5FC20" box="[840,973,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E176E9E07C5FC20" box="[840,973,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693E8B6E99001EFC20" box="[980,1046,963,989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E8B6E99001EFC20" bold="true" box="[980,1046,963,989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and eight setae on cephalothorax (4-2-2 pattern). 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C0F6EB006D7FBF9" authority="Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003" authorityName="Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2003" box="[336,735,1002,1028]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayri">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C0F6EB005A8FBFE" box="[336,416,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. ayri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693CF86EB006D7FBF9" author="Rheims" box="[423,735,1002,1028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693E7A6EB00764FBF9" box="[805,876,1002,1028]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
have spermathecae with small lateral triangular projections and a sinouid posterior border of the epigynal plate, characters that are not present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693843694B04F4FBAC" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693843694B04F4FBAC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693C5C696D054DFBAC" box="[259,325,1079,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C5C696D054DFBAC" bold="true" box="[259,325,1079,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7693D9A690406EFFA53" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
This leaves five species that are so similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F8A690507C8FB85" box="[725,960,1119,1144]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F8A690507C8FB85" box="[725,960,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693E9869040000FB85" box="[967,1032,1118,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E9869040000FB85" bold="true" box="[967,1032,1118,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
that they require special attention. These are 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C4A69DF059EFB63" box="[277,406,1157,1182]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C4A69DF059EFB63" box="[277,406,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. caecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from forest litter in 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693FCD69DF072DFB62" box="[658,805,1157,1183]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E6D69DF07A4FB63" box="[818,940,1157,1182]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E6D69DF07A4FB63" box="[818,940,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from forest litter in Central 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC769385569DF017DFB62" box="[1290,1397,1157,1183]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">America</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76938DD69DF04E1FB38" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76938DD69DF04E1FB38" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. benoiti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from forest litter in 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693C8569F60613FB3B" box="[474,539,1196,1222]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Zaire</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F7869F606B0FB38" box="[551,696,1196,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F7869F606B0FB38" box="[551,696,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. ishikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from forest litter in 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693EF569F607E5FB3B" box="[938,1005,1196,1222]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC769397869F600BAFB38" box="[1063,1202,1196,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC769397869F600BAFB38" box="[1063,1202,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. australia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from forest litter in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693DC869880519FB11" box="[151,273,1234,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693DC869880519FB11" box="[151,273,1234,1260]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
. We examined the 
<typeStatus id="54A38834686FC7693F5B69880633FB11" box="[516,571,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F8569890002FB11" authority="Gertch, 1941" authorityName="Gertch" authorityYear="1941" box="[730,1034,1234,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F8569890751FB11" box="[730,857,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. secreta</emphasis>
Gertch, 1941
</taxonomicName>
(the 
<typeStatus id="54A38834686FC76939116988008DFB11" box="[1102,1157,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
species for the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693DC869A30513FAEF" box="[151,283,1273,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693DC869A30513FAEF" box="[151,283,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C6969A306E8FAEE" authority="Forster &amp; Platnick, 1977" authorityName="Forster &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[310,736,1273,1299]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693C6969A305AEFAEF" box="[310,422,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A.benoiti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693CF169A306E8FAEE" author="Forster" box="[430,736,1273,1299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 2619, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster &amp; Platnick, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E4269A300B8FAEE" authority="Baert &amp; Jocque, 1993" authorityName="Baert &amp; Jocque" authorityYear="1993" box="[797,1200,1273,1299]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E4269A3079FFAEF" box="[797,919,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A.caecula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693EC069A300B8FAEE" author="Baert" box="[927,1200,1273,1299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" refString="Baert, L. &amp; Jocque, R. (1993) Anapistula caecula sp. n., the smallest known female spider (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). Journal of African Zoology, 107, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">Baert &amp; Jocqué, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Comparisons with borrowed material had to be limited to characters that could be observed without dissections, since many species are only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54A38834686FC7693F7C681C065EFA9D" box="[547,598,1350,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
material. Based on these comparisons, we concluded that the material from 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693D8668370537FA7A" box="[217,319,1389,1415]" name="Portugal" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Portugal</collectingCountry>
represents a new species. The characters that separate the new species from the five species mentioned above are given in the diagnosis below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7693D9A68E0073FF9DC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Of the nineteen species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693CA668E10670FA29" box="[505,632,1467,1492]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693CA668E10670FA29" box="[505,632,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described worldwide, fourteen species have only been found in litter of various kind of vegetation, whereas five species have been found in caves only. None of the cave species are morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F5D6B5206E5F9DC" box="[514,749,1544,1569]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F5D6B5206E5F9DC" box="[514,749,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693FAB6B5D073FF9DC" box="[756,823,1543,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693FAB6B5D073FF9DC" bold="true" box="[756,823,1543,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7693D9A6B7404D0F941" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
The notch on the fangs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F586B7506F2F9B5" box="[519,762,1583,1608]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F586B7506F2F9B5" box="[519,762,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693E5C6B74074FF9B5" box="[771,839,1582,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E5C6B74074FF9B5" bold="true" box="[771,839,1582,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13232A13686FC7693E066B7407ABF9B5" box="[857,931,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D) also seems to be present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76938466B7504FCF993" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC76938466B7504FCF993" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula caecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC7693C5A6B0F0651F992" author="Baert" box="[261,601,1621,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" refString="Baert, L. &amp; Jocque, R. (1993) Anapistula caecula sp. n., the smallest known female spider (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). Journal of African Zoology, 107, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">Baert &amp; Jocqué 1993: fig. 2</bibRefCitation>
) from West Africa and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693EC66B0F009CF993" box="[921,1172,1621,1646]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ybyquyra">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693EC66B0F009CF993" box="[921,1172,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ybyquyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686FC76939FB6B0F052EF96B" author="Rheims" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2003) Description of six new species of Anapistula, Gertsch (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) from Brazil. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 324 - 330." type="journal article" year="2003">Rheims &amp; Brescovit 2003: fig. 6</bibRefCitation>
) from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693CB56B26063FF96B" box="[490,567,1660,1686]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and could thus be a phylogenetic informative character at some higher level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7693D9A6B93062EF859" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686FC7693D9A6B9304EEF91E" box="[197,230,1737,1763]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">As</collectingCountry>
far as we know, the spinnerets of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693F286B9306FEF91F" box="[631,758,1737,1762]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693F286B9306FEF91F" box="[631,758,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have never before been described and illustrated and it is therefore unknown whether the surprising lack of a flagelliform spigot on the PLS of the female is unique to 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693DC86A4D0580F8CD" box="[151,392,1815,1840]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693DC86A4D0580F8CD" box="[151,392,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or perhaps common to all species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E126A4D07C7F8CD" box="[845,975,1815,1840]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E126A4D07C7F8CD" box="[845,975,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If so, this would be another potential synapomorphy for the genus. All other species of symphytognathids, where the webs are known, produce orb webs with sticky spirals. The lack of a flagelliform spigot in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693E3E6A3E07EEF880" box="[865,998,1892,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693E3E6A3E07EEF880" box="[865,998,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">A. ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be related to the modified web (sheet web) built by these spiders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302651D686FC76B3D996AEA05D3FEB1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686FC7683D996AEA00A4FDF3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,526]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693D996AEA054EF837" bold="true" box="[198,326,1968,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Overall, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693CE56AEB06A1F837" box="[442,681,1969,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693CE56AEB06A1F837" box="[442,681,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686FC7693FEC6AEA06F1F837" box="[691,761,1968,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693FEC6AEA06F1F837" bold="true" box="[691,761,1968,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to 
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686FC7693EBD6AEB05F8F80C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693EBD6AEB0053F837" box="[994,1115,1969,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">A. secreta</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939356AEB00EAF837" box="[1130,1250,1969,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">A. benoiti</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76939AD6AEB017CF837" box="[1266,1396,1969,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">A. caecula</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC76938DC6AEB0502F80C" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">A. australia</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686FC7693C116A8205E4F80C" box="[334,492,2008,2033]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">A. ishikawai</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
It can be distinguished from these species by the following combination of characters: adult females 0.43–0.57 long (
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683FC96DC20705FF4C" box="[662,781,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683FC96DC20705FF4C" box="[662,781,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. benoiti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.61 long; 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683EC66DC20038FF4C" box="[921,1072,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683EC66DC20038FF4C" box="[921,1072,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. ishikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.65 long; 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76839E46DC2013CFF4C" box="[1211,1332,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76839E46DC2013CFF4C" box="[1211,1332,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.50; 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76838DD6DC204FCFF25" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76838DD6DC204FCFF25" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. caecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.48–0.55; 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683CDB6DE50619FF25" box="[388,529,191,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683CDB6DE50619FF25" box="[388,529,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. australia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
unpublished), spermathecae globular (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686EC7683EBA6DE40022FF25" box="[997,1066,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[227,1344,936,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,910,1682]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Vulva of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: Spermatheca (Sp), lateral duct (ld), median duct (md), border between lateral duct and spermatheca (A), point on anterior border of lateral ducts where the two ducts meet (B), border of epigastric furrow (C). Scale bar: 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190704/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)(kidney-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76838496DE5019DFF25" box="[1302,1429,191,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76838496DE5019DFF25" box="[1302,1429,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. caecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 
<quantity id="4CE09B73686EC7683D966DBF04F0FF02" box="[201,248,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686EC7683C5E6DBF060EFF02" author="Baert" box="[257,518,229,255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Baert, L. &amp; Jocque, R. (1993) Anapistula caecula sp. n., the smallest known female spider (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). Journal of African Zoology, 107, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">Baert &amp; Jocqué 1993</bibRefCitation>
, globular in 
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683FFE6DBF006AFF03" box="[673,1122,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683FFE6DBF073DFF03" box="[673,821,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">A. australia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683E1D6DBF07B7FF03" box="[834,959,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">A. secreta</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683E946DBF006AFF03" box="[971,1122,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">A. ishikawai</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76839C06DBF011DFF03" box="[1183,1301,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76839C06DBF011DFF03" box="[1183,1301,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. benoiti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), posterior lateral eyes separated by more than six times their diameter (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686EC7683E036C5607A8FEDB" box="[860,928,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D)(PLE separation three times in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76838756C560194FED8" box="[1322,1436,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76838756C560194FED8" box="[1322,1436,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. benoiti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683D946C68054CFEB6" box="[203,324,306,331]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683D946C68054CFEB6" box="[203,324,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, six times in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683CB46C680689FEB6" box="[491,641,306,331]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683CB46C680689FEB6" box="[491,641,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. ishikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and eight times in 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683E296C68000EFEB6" box="[886,1030,306,331]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683E296C68000EFEB6" box="[886,1030,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. australia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), median duct (md) of epigynum broad, approx. 0.25 times the width of the spermathecae (
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683E176C0307B6FE8F" box="[840,958,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683E176C0307B6FE8F" box="[840,958,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683EA56C030065FE8F" box="[1018,1133,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683EA56C030065FE8F" box="[1018,1133,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. benoiti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.08, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76839E66C03013FFE8F" box="[1209,1335,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76839E66C03013FFE8F" box="[1209,1335,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. caecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.18, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76838DC6C03051DFE64" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76838DC6C03051DFE64" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. ishikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.13, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683C346CDA0600FE64" box="[363,520,384,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683C346CDA0600FE64" box="[363,520,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. australia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.07 (from 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686EC7683FF66CDA0756FE67" author="Harvey" box="[681,862,384,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey, 1998</bibRefCitation>
)), and lateral ducts (ld) of epigynum short, approximately 0.4 times the length of the median duct (
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683E6B6CFD07A2FE3D" box="[820,938,423,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683E6B6CFD07A2FE3D" box="[820,938,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. benoiti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.25, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683EA96CFD008CFE3D" box="[1014,1156,423,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australia">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683EA96CFD008CFE3D" box="[1014,1156,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. australia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76839E06CFD013EFE3D" box="[1215,1334,423,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76839E06CFD013EFE3D" box="[1215,1334,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. secreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.60, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC76838DD6CFD04FBFE1B" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecula">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC76838DD6CFD04FBFE1B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. caecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.66, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683C2F6C97060AFE1B" box="[368,514,461,486]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishikawai">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683C2F6C97060AFE1B" box="[368,514,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">A. ishikawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1.2). Small pit present on mesal side of ALE (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686EC76839726C970079FE1A" box="[1069,1137,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A – square box and 3C – arrow) not seen in any other described species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683F846CAE0752FDF0" box="[731,858,500,525]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683F846CAE0752FDF0" box="[731,858,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with SEM images available.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF67661E686EC7683DC86A2B016CF80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686EC7683DC86A2B016CF80D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1905,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683DC86A2B0512F874" bold="true" box="[151,282,1905,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
SEM images of female 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686EC7683F7E6A2806F2F874" box="[545,762,1906,1929]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683F7E6A2806F2F874" box="[545,762,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686EC7683E5F6A2B0735F874" box="[768,829,1905,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686EC7683E5F6A2B0735F874" bold="true" box="[768,829,1905,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76B3D996DC205D3FEB1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
The ratios described above were constant in all the examined specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686DC76B393D6DC200E3FF4C" box="[1122,1259,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686DC76B393D6DC200E3FF4C" box="[1122,1259,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">A. ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686DC76B39AA6DCD0132FF4C" box="[1269,1338,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686DC76B39AA6DCD0132FF4C" bold="true" box="[1269,1338,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and we assume that they could also be constant in the other species, and thereby provide a valuable diagnostic feature when males are unavailable. The outline of the spermathecae is easily seen even without dissection, and the globular shape and relative lengths of ducts are constant in all specimens. Four specimens were dissected to confirm these observations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302651D686DC76B3D996C020020F895" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76B3D996C02058CFBF9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686DC76B3D996C020639FE8F" bold="true" box="[198,561,344,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="54A38834686DC76B3D996C020530FE8F" box="[198,312,344,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female description.
</emphasis>
Total length 0.52 (excl. chelicerae). Cephalothorax 0.23 long, 0.19 wide, 0.21 high. Sternum 0.16 long, 0.17 wide. Abdomen 0.32 long, 0.30 wide, 0.33 high. Cephalothorax, sternum and chelicerae yellowish brown. Legs darker. Abdomen light yellowish brown (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B390A6CFC00A9FE3D" box="[1109,1185,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
D–F). Carapace with four eyes in two diads (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3CE56C970602FE1A" box="[442,522,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
D, 3A–B). ALE and PLE contiguous, the two groups of eyes separated by approximately 5 times the diameter of ALE and more than six times the diameter of PLE. One long seta inserts on mesal side of PLE’s (seen dorsally; 
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3FE26F400709FDC9" box="[701,769,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A – arrow). Small pit (sulcus?) present on mesal side of ALE (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3DBE6F1B052EFDA6" box="[225,294,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A – square box and 3C – arrow). Clypeus high, approximately three times the diameter of ALE, provided with six long serrated setae in two groups close to clypeal margin (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B39666F32008CFD7F" box="[1081,1156,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A–B). Palp completely absent (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3DAD6FD40530FD55" box="[242,312,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B – arrow). Posterior part of cephalothorax with two short setae (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B39646FD4008AFD55" box="[1083,1154,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Chelicerae with two sharp teeth distally (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3CD86FEF05C6FD32" box="[391,462,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D – arrow t) and a characteristic notch on the basal half of fangs (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B39836FEF012BFD32" box="[1244,1315,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D – arrow n). Legs, sternum and chelicerae clothed with setae and bristles; all patellae with a long strong dorsal distal macroseta. Tarsi almost twice as long as metatarsi (
<tableCitation id="C69A032D686DC76B3FA96E580747FCE1" box="[758,847,770,796]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1079,1103]" captionText="TABLE 1. Leg segments measurements of female holotype." pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Labium wider than long, fused to sternum (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B38336E5804A0FCBE" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Endites longer than wide, converging (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3FC56E7306E9FCBE" box="[666,737,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B), with well developed serrula (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B393D6E7300AFFCBE" box="[1122,1191,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,577,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,545,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of female Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. White square delimits two lateral eyes (for close-up see 3 C), white arrow points to setae mentioned in text; B) carapace and chelicerae, antero-lateral view, arrow points to area on endites where pedipalps would have inserted, if the females had pedipalps; C) close-up of lateral eye, with pit (arrow); D) serrula of endites (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, D) 0.01 mm; C) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D – arrow). Sternum not invaginated at coxae, broadly truncated posteriorly, separating coxae IV by more than their diameter (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B38336E0A04A0FC6D" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Abdomen globular, slightly longer than wide, overhanging spinnerets, covered with long setae (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B38716E2C017FFC6D" box="[1326,1399,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
D– E, 4A). Posterior spiracle present (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3F1A6EC70686FC4A" box="[581,654,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,908,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C – S). More than one spiracle opening can be observed on the ventral side of the abdomen, but these may be connected by an internal groove, as seen in other symphytognathoids.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF67661E686DC76B3DC8696D0713FBB2" box="[151,795,1079,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76B3DC8696D0713FBB2" blockId="6.[151,1235,1079,1409]" box="[151,795,1079,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686DC76B3DC8696D0500FBB2" bold="true" box="[151,264,1079,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Leg segments measurements of female holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76B3CFF6930010BF97D" blockId="6.[151,1235,1079,1409]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1484,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
I II III IV Femur 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.19 Patella 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 Tibia 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.15 Metatarsus 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 Tarsus 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.16 Total 0.69 0.62 0.53 0.69 Spinnerets (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3C0F68960590FA1B" box="[336,408,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,160,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B – D) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 5</figureCitation>
A–D, 6A–B): ALS with major ampullate spigot and three piriform spigots with reduced bases and tartipores interspersed (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3F6168A80681F9F1" box="[574,649,1522,1548]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,160,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B – D) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE53686DC76B3FE768A806FDF9F1" box="[696,757,1522,1548]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Prirodonamen Muzej Skopje" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">PMS</collectionCode>
with large postero-median minor ampullate spigot, no nubbin, one antero-median cylindrical spigot and one aciniform spigot (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B395E6B430042F9CE" box="[1025,1098,1561,1587]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,160,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B – D) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). PLS with two aggregate spigots that share a common base (fused, 
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3FDD6B1A06C3F9A7" box="[642,715,1600,1626]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,160,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B – D) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 5</figureCitation>
D, 6A–B), two aciniform spigots and two cylindrical spigots. Basal cylindrical spigot separated from the more apical by a deep fold (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3E846B3C0029F97D" box="[987,1057,1638,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,191,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,160,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of spinnerets of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B – D) 0.001 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Colulus absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76B3D9A6BD70020F895" blockId="6.[151,1437,1484,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
Epigynum (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3C0C6BD705A8F95A" box="[339,416,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
F, 4C, 7): paired globular thick-walled spermathecae connected by lateral ducts to a wide median duct widening even further close to the copulatory opening (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B39406BEE0063F933" box="[1055,1131,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[227,1344,936,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,910,1682]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Vulva of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: Spermatheca (Sp), lateral duct (ld), median duct (md), border between lateral duct and spermatheca (A), point on anterior border of lateral ducts where the two ducts meet (B), border of epigastric furrow (C). Scale bar: 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Lateral ducts relatively short, compared to median duct (ratio lateral duct / median duct = 0.4). Median duct relatively wide (ratio width of median duct / width of spermathecae = 0.25). Spermathecae clearly visible on the ventral side of the abdomen on adult females (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686DC76B3C856A720628F8BF" box="[474,544,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F). Despite several attempts to prepare the internal parts of the epigynum for SEM, we did not succeed and did therefore not observe the fertilization ducts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302651D686DC76B3D9A6A2F0770F84B" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76B3D9A6A2F0770F84B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1484,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686DC76B3D9A6A2F054AF872" bold="true" box="[197,322,1909,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Variation.</emphasis>
Average body length 0.53 (ranging from 0.43–0.57; n = 13). Our single specimen with 
<quantity id="4CE09B73686DC76B38376A2F04CDF84B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
is probably the smallest adult female spider ever recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302651D686DC76A3D9A6A980756FC91" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686DC76A3D9A6A9804FEFD79" blockId="6.[151,1437,1484,2012]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,876]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686DC76B3D9A6A98056DF821" bold="true" box="[197,357,1986,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
The family 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686DC76B3CA76A9806EBF821" box="[504,739,1986,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas, with a few species reaching southern 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686CC76A3C8B6DC2061BFF4F" box="[468,531,152,178]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">USA</collectingCountry>
, southern 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686CC76A3FD06DC206DEFF4F" box="[655,726,152,178]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686CC76A3E4D6DC2075EFF4F" box="[786,854,152,178]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13232A13686CC76A3E386DC207A6FF4F" box="[871,942,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1170,1194]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,622,1133]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,622,1144]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Known worldwide distribution of the family Symphytognathidae by countries or regions (according to Platnick 2009 and with new additions by Miller et al. 2009)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190698/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). It was not known from Europe or even northern Africa. The new species was only found in Sesimbra, inside the limits of the Arrábida Nature Park, about 
<quantity id="4CE09B73686CC76A3D816DBF0520FF02" box="[222,296,229,255]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
south of Lisbon, 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686CC76A3CAC6DBF0652FF02" box="[499,602,229,255]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Portugal</collectingCountry>
. It was exclusively found living in four caves: Gruta do Fumo, Gruta da Utopia, Gruta do Coelho and Gruta da Furada. All but the latter belong to the Frade cave system. The single female captured in Gruta da Furada, a cave about 
<quantity id="4CE09B73686CC76A3FB96C68072BFEB1" box="[742,803,306,332]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
from the others, was the only specimen found during three independent visits to the cave, and therefore probably not representative of a self-supporting population in this cave. All the other caves are connected and less than one km apart, the whole cave system probably covers about 
<quantity id="4CE09B73686CC76A3C656CF3057FFE3E" box="[314,375,425,451]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
2. Although it is possible that the area of occupancy extends to other regions, extensive work has been made in about 20 caves nearby, without success. Extensive collecting of spiders was also carried out by António de Barros Machado in caves all over 
<collectingCountry id="F30F7606686CC76A3E3A6CAD07C0FDEC" box="[869,968,503,529]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686CC76A3E876CAD0085FDEC" author="Machado" box="[984,1165,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Machado, A. B. &amp; Machado, B. B. (1941) Inventario das cavernas calcarias de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciencias Naturais, 13, 444 - 473." type="journal article" year="1941">Machado 1941</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686CC76A39C56CAD04D0FDCA" author="Machado" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Machado, A. B. &amp; Machado, B. B. (1941) Inventario das cavernas calcarias de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciencias Naturais, 13, 444 - 473." type="journal article" year="1941">Machado &amp; Machado 1941</bibRefCitation>
) during the 1930s. Being both a biospeleologist and a spider specialist, it is unlikely that such remarkable, albeit minute, species would have been overlooked by Barros Machado in other regions of the country.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA73696686CC76A3D996FCB0756FC91" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686CC76A3D996FCB0584FD56" bold="true" box="[198,396,657,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Natural history.</emphasis>
Adult females were found during most of the year, on all visits to the Frade cave system. Egg sacs were found from December to May, with either two or three eggs loosely embedded in a relatively large surrounding mesh of silk (
<figureCitation id="13232A13686CC76A3F516F85065DFD04" box="[526,597,735,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). Usually there was only a single egg sac in each web, but up to three were found in a single web. All known egg sacs in this family are similar, always with a very low number or even a single egg per eggsac (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686CC76A3CAB6E760698FCBB" author="Harvey" box="[500,656,812,838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B67686CC76A3FC26E7607ACFCBB" author="Griswold" box="[669,932,812,838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Griswold, C. E. &amp; Yan, H. - M. (2003) On the egg-guarding behavior of a Chinese Symphytognathid spider of the genus Patu Marples, 1951 (Araneae, Araneoidea, Symphytognathidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 54, 356 - 360." type="journal article" year="2003">Griswold &amp; Yan 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The egg sacs where always hanging from the web, either at the periphery or in a more central position.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF67661E686CC76A3DC86A260613F824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190701/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[173,1412,935,1866]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA73696686CC76A3DC86A260613F824" blockId="7.[151,1436,1916,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686CC76A3DC86A260511F869" bold="true" box="[151,281,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
SEM images of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D15686CC76A3C936A2606AAF86E" box="[460,674,1916,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686CC76A3C936A2606AAF86E" box="[460,674,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF686CC76A3FF66A2606ECF869" box="[681,740,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA84686CC76A3FF66A2606ECF869" bold="true" box="[681,740,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A) habitus, lateral view; B) sternum, ventral view; C) abdomen, ventral view (S = Spiracle; Ep = Epigynum); D) chelicerae, with two sharp teeth (arrow – t) and notch (arrow – n). Scale bars: A, B) 0.1 mm; C, D) 0.01 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF67661E6863C7653DC86A760544F833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190702/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[184,1403,191,1798]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA736966863C7653DC86A760544F833" blockId="8.[151,1437,1836,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846863C7653DC86A76052AF8B9" bold="true" box="[151,290,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
SEM images of spinnerets of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156863C7653FDF6A77076FF8B9" box="[640,871,1837,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846863C7653FDF6A77076FF8B9" box="[640,871,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6863C7653E306A7607B8F8B9" box="[879,944,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846863C7653E306A7607B8F8B9" bold="true" box="[879,944,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A) left spinnerets: ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets, PMS—Posterior median spinnerets, PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; B) ALS: major ampullate spigot (MAP), piriform spigots (PI), tartipores (ta); C) PMS: minor ampullate spigot (mAP), cylindrical spigot (CY), aciniform spigot (AC); D) PLS: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigots (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B–D) 0.001 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF67661E6862C7643DC86E480590FC93" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190703/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[175,1408,217,732]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA736966862C7643DC86E480590FC93" blockId="9.[151,1436,786,878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643DC86E480512FCD7" bold="true" box="[151,282,786,810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
SEM images of posterior spinnerets of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156862C7643F9B6E480793FCD4" box="[708,923,786,809]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643F9B6E480793FCD4" box="[708,923,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6862C7643EFD6E4807D6FCD7" box="[930,990,786,810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643EFD6E4807D6FCD7" bold="true" box="[930,990,786,810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A) PMS and PLS spinnerets: cylindrical spigots (CY), aciniform spigot (AC), aggregate spigots (AG). B) PLS spinneret: aggregate spigots (AG). Scale bars: A) 0.01 mm; B) 0.001 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF67661E6862C7643DC86BDD0654F91E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190704/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[227,1344,936,1639]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA736966862C7643DC86BDD0654F91E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1671,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643DC86BDD0511F962" bold="true" box="[151,281,1671,1695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Vulva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156862C7643CDB6BDD0652F963" box="[388,602,1671,1694]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643CDB6BDD0652F963" box="[388,602,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6862C7643F3E6BDD0695F962" box="[609,669,1671,1695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643F3E6BDD0695F962" bold="true" box="[609,669,1671,1695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: Spermatheca (Sp), lateral duct (ld), median duct (md), border between lateral duct and spermatheca (A), point on anterior border of lateral ducts where the two ducts meet (B), border of epigastric furrow (C). Scale bar: 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C302651D6862C7673D996A4C0516FE8E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736966862C7673D996A4C0516FE8E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1814,2033]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,371]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643D996A4C0519F8CD" bold="true" box="[198,273,1814,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Webs.</emphasis>
The web of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156862C7643CF46A4C0690F8D2" box="[427,664,1814,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643CF46A4C0690F8D2" box="[427,664,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6862C7643FFF6A4C06ECF8CD" box="[672,740,1814,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643FFF6A4C06ECF8CD" bold="true" box="[672,740,1814,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is sheet-like, horizontal, with a number of vertical threads suspending this structure from above (
<figureCitation id="13232A136862C7643F3D6A6606A3F8AB" box="[610,683,1852,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[153,1406,499,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,470,1904]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult female of Anapistula ataecina sp. n.: A) live specimen hanging on a single silk line; B) web; C) egg sac; D) dorsal view; E) lateral view; F) ventral view, with spermathecae clearly visible. Live photos: Pedro Cardoso (2 A – B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190699/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). The spider sits in the middle, on the underside. The precise structure depends much on the crevices, and webs with vertical threads on the underside of the web were also observed, especially when webs were placed on vertical crevices. In any case, sheet-webs seem atypical for the family. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676862C7643C446AEB05F2F836" author="Coddington" box="[283,506,1969,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The monophyletic origin of the orb web. In: Shear, W. A. (ed.) Spiders: webs, behavior, and evolution. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California." type="book" year="1986">Coddington (1986)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that symphytognathids spin strictly two-dimensional orb webs. Such webs have been reported for various species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156862C7643F9E6A8206F0F80C" box="[705,760,2008,2033]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C7643F9E6A8206F0F80C" box="[705,760,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676862C7643E576A8D0005F80C" author="Griswold" box="[776,1037,2007,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="57" refString="Griswold, C. E. &amp; Yan, H. - M. (2003) On the egg-guarding behavior of a Chinese Symphytognathid spider of the genus Patu Marples, 1951 (Araneae, Araneoidea, Symphytognathidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 54, 356 - 360." type="journal article" year="2003">Griswold &amp; Yan 2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676862C76439456A8D00E2F80C" author="Miller" box="[1050,1258,2007,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="57" refString="Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E. &amp; Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. Zookeys, 11, 9 - 195." type="journal article" year="2009">
Miller 
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C76439356A8200ACF80C" box="[1130,1188,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156862C76739A16A820571FF4F" authority="Miller et al. 2009" authorityName="Miller et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="55" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846862C76439A16A820194F80C" box="[1278,1436,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Crassignatha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676861C7673DC06DC20579FF4F" author="Miller" box="[159,369,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E. &amp; Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. Zookeys, 11, 9 - 195." type="journal article" year="2009">
Miller 
<emphasis id="B96CEA846861C7673DAD6DC20525FF4C" box="[242,301,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676861C7673CEC6DC2069BFF4F" author="Coddington" box="[435,659,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1986) The monophyletic origin of the orb web. In: Shear, W. A. (ed.) Spiders: webs, behavior, and evolution. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California." type="book" year="1986">Coddington (1986)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676861C7673F916DC207C7FF4F" author="Griswold" box="[718,975,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Griswold, C. E., Coddington, J. A., Hormiga, G., &amp; Scharff, N. (1998) Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 123, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1998">
Griswold 
<emphasis id="B96CEA846861C7673E1C6DC20777FF4C" box="[835,895,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(1998
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3c) reported similar webs from an unidentified 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156861C7673C676DE505C8FF25" box="[312,448,191,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846861C7673C676DE505C8FF25" box="[312,448,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Anapistula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in 
<collectingCountry id="F30F76066861C7673F636DE406DEFF25" box="[572,726,190,216]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B676861C7673E3A6DE4003BFF25" author="Hickman" box="[869,1075,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Hickman, V. V. (1931) A new family of spiders. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London B, 1931, 1321 - 1328." type="proceedings paper" year="1931">Hickman (1931)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the Tasmanian 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156861C7673DC86DBF05C8FF03" box="[151,448,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Symphytognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846861C7673DC86DBF05C8FF03" box="[151,448,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Symphytognatha globosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produced webs consisting of a few irregular horizontal threads and compared them to the webs of theridiids. The sheet-like webs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D156861C7673FA86C5607E6FED8" box="[759,1006,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Anapistula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ataecina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846861C7673FA86C5607E6FED8" box="[759,1006,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Anapistula ataecina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57FF6861C7673EA86C510035FED8" box="[1015,1085,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96CEA846861C7673EA86C510035FED8" bold="true" box="[1015,1085,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be an adaptation to the particular microhabitat, where webs are built in small holes and crevices in the limestone walls and formations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>