516 lines
56 KiB
XML
516 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="704BAB70853BBEC8848041590EC992A3" ID-CLB-Dataset="45987" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2241891-b7d2-43df-9175-babed5a15f15" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229374" ID-ZooBank="964C225B-4F23-4650-B92C-B8E2B66EC1C1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460409494119" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vogel, Gernot, David, Patrick & Chandramouli, S. R." docDate="2014" docId="038E447FFFC9F25CFF3AFA74F1FBA3B0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03786p573.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3786 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="564" masterDocId="FFB73C07FFCDF25BFFADFFD2F30FA15F" masterDocTitle="On the systematics of Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger in Steindachner, 1867, a pitviper from the Nicobar Islands (India), with revalidation of Trimeresurus mutabilis Stoliczka, 1870 (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae)" masterLastPageNumber="573" masterPageNumber="557" pageNumber="561" updateTime="1698300268451" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D269824079690F42AEA0FF73CA7418B7">On the systematics of Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger in Steindachner, 1867, a pitviper from the Nicobar Islands (India), with revalidation of Trimeresurus mutabilis Stoliczka, 1870 (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2408119D3EEFE977946E363E5354830E">Vogel, Gernot</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F1378A60B85058A54A7561FDB44B2EF">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DC4808606618A34381DEF9C90E2D430">Chandramouli, S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1C27911313D95FD2679EA3069E0E13DC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="992252E920D3B2DBED322D3A884D95C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E0E6AAAB3EC8BFB70CACE5F1CA50ECEC">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="035C6E4DC92F392F0DD77AEA72AE4B90">3786</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E447FFFC9F25CFF3AFA74F1FBA3B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614369" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E447FFFC9F25CFF3AFA74F1FBA3B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E447FFFC9F25CFF3AFA74F1FBA3B0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFC9F25FFF3AFA74F3E4A4BE" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25FFF3AFA74F02AA49F" blockId="4.[151,805,1446,1505]" box="[151,805,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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<heading id="D0D04205FFC9F25FFF3AFA74F02AA49F" bold="true" box="[151,805,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF3AFA74F02AA49F" bold="true" box="[151,805,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFF3AFA74F11CA49F" authority="Fitzinger" authorityName="Fitzinger" box="[151,531,1446,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
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<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF3AFA74F295A49F" bold="true" box="[151,410,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
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Fitzinger
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFDB7FA74F13DA49F" bold="true" box="[538,562,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFD97FA74F02AA49F" author="Steindachner" box="[570,805,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Steindachner, F. (1867) Reptilien. In: Anonymous (1865 - 1869) (Ed.), Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere), Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 98 pp, 3 pls." type="book" year="1867">Steindachner, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25FFF3AFA1BF3E4A4BE" blockId="4.[151,805,1446,1505]" box="[151,235,1481,1505]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="131CE9ECFFC9F25FFF32FA1BF3ECA4BE" box="[159,227,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1450,1473]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,749,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[281,1305,749,1428]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger in Steindachner, 1867. Car Nicobar Island. Photograph by S. P. Vijayakumar / Bandana Aul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229376/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFC9F25FFF3AF9C0F763A7FE" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25FFF3AF9C0F2F2A719" blockId="4.[151,1436,1553,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB37D247FFC9F25FFF3AF9C0F2F2A719" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFF0FF9C3F265A778" ID-CoL="5X2JV" authority="Steindachner" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityPageNumber="411" authorityYear="1861" box="[162,362,1553,1575]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
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<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF0FF9C3F265A778" box="[162,362,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Bothrophis labialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D378FFC9F25FFE2FF9C3F18CA778" author="Steindachner" box="[386,643,1553,1575]" page="411" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" year="1861">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFE2FF9C3F142A778" author="Steindachner" box="[386,589,1553,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Steindachner, F. (1861) Die Ausbeute der osterreichischen Naturforscher an Saugethieren und Reptilien wahrend der Weltumsegelung Sr. Majestat Fregatte Novara. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 42 (25), 383 - 416." type="journal article" year="1861">Steindachner, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 411
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFD0FF9C0F03FA777" bold="true" box="[674,816,1553,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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||
<typeStatus id="549C4BCBFFC9F25FFD0FF9C0F1D8A778" box="[674,727,1554,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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. “
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||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFCE0F9C3F0B4A778" box="[845,955,1553,1575]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Nicobaren</collectingCountry>
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||
”.—
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFC4EF9C3F788A777" bold="true" box="[995,1159,1553,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Onomatophore</emphasis>
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||
. None cited. —
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFA99F9C3F67AA777" bold="true" box="[1332,1397,1553,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Status</emphasis>
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||
. A nomen nudum; no description.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25FFF3AF982F763A7FE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1553,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFF3AF982F2D9A73B" authority="Fitzinger" authorityName="Fitzinger" box="[151,470,1614,1637]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF3AF982F27EA73A" box="[151,369,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
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||
Fitzinger
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFE73F982F2FDA73A" box="[478,498,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFE57F99CF1CDA73B" author="Steindachner" box="[506,706,1614,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Steindachner, F. (1867) Reptilien. In: Anonymous (1865 - 1869) (Ed.), Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere), Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 98 pp, 3 pls." type="book" year="1867">Steindachner, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 86; Pl. III:
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||
<figureCitation id="131CE9ECFFC9F25FFCE9F99CF0ACA73B" box="[836,931,1614,1636]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1014,1037]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1450,1473]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,1370,257,973]" captionTargetBox-1="[281,1305,749,1428]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1020]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[281,1305,749,1428]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, (insert: Nicobar Islands showing: Car Nicobar Island (red), type locality of Trimeresurus labialis; Camorta Island, type locality, and distribution of Trimeresurus mutabilis (blue)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger in Steindachner, 1867. Car Nicobar Island. Photograph by S. P. Vijayakumar / Bandana Aul." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/229375/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/229376/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFC69F99DF741A73A" bold="true" box="[964,1102,1614,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
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||
<typeStatus id="549C4BCBFFC9F25FFC69F99DF0F6A73B" box="[964,1017,1615,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality
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||
</emphasis>
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||
. Restricted here to
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<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFAB0F99DF64DA73B" box="[1309,1346,1615,1636]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Car</collectingCountry>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFAE7F99CF693A73B" box="[1354,1436,1614,1636]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFF6AF9BFF208A7DC" box="[199,263,1645,1667]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Island</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFEBCF9BFF26CA7DC" box="[273,355,1645,1667]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
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||
Archipelago,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFE5EF9BFF128A7DC" box="[499,551,1645,1667]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">India</collectingCountry>
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||
(see above).—
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFD6DF9BFF061A7DB" bold="true" box="[704,878,1645,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Onomatophores</emphasis>
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||
. Three
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||
<typeStatus id="549C4BCBFFC9F25FFC11F9BCF71AA7DC" box="[956,1045,1646,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
(see above): NMW 18813:1–18813:3, all adult females; collected in
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||
<date id="FF99D3A9FFC9F25FFE5AF959F183A7FE" box="[503,652,1675,1697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" value="1858-02">February 1858</date>
|
||
by members of the Frigate
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||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFC0EF95FF0E0A7FD" box="[931,1007,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Novara</emphasis>
|
||
Expedition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFC9F25FFF3AF91CF60CA655" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25FFF3AF91CF60CA655" blockId="4.[151,1437,1742,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF3AF91CF17BA7B8" bold="true" box="[151,628,1742,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
|
||
Material (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFEBDF91DF210A7B9" bold="true" box="[272,287,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFEDEF91CF2DCA7B8" box="[371,467,1742,1767]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Archipelago.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFDD6F91CF1ACA7B9" box="[635,675,1742,1766]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Car</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFD06F91CF00AA7B9" box="[683,773,1742,1766]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFCA0F91CF05EA7B9" box="[781,849,1742,1766]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED366DACFFC9F25FFCCDF91DF0BBA7B9" box="[864,948,1743,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1936.7.7.43,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED366DACFFC9F25FFBE2F91CF795A7B9" box="[1103,1178,1742,1766]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
||
3329,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED366DACFFC9F25FFB45F91DF636A7B9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[1256,1337,1743,1766]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
134919,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED366DACFFC9F25FFF3AF921F3D0A655" box="[151,223,1779,1802]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">NMW</collectionCode>
|
||
18813:1–3 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C4BCBFFC9F25FFEC1F920F2DCA655" box="[364,467,1778,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
; locality here ascertained), ZSI 23161–23162, ZSI 255550, ZSI AN/R/4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFC9F25EFF6AF8C4F034A03B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25FFF6AF8C4F122A6C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1742,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF6AF8C4F247A670" bold="true" box="[199,328,1814,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFEFAF8C4F134A671" author="Steindachner" box="[343,571,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Steindachner, F. (1861) Die Ausbeute der osterreichischen Naturforscher an Saugethieren und Reptilien wahrend der Weltumsegelung Sr. Majestat Fregatte Novara. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 42 (25), 383 - 416." type="journal article" year="1861">Steindachner (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited the nominal taxon “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFCC9F8C4F734A671" box="[868,1083,1814,1838]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFCC9F8C4F734A671" box="[868,1083,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Bothrophis labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in the list of species obtained during the
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFEBEF8EEF268A60C" box="[275,359,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Novara</emphasis>
|
||
Expedition without providing any description.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFC29F8E8F766A60D" author="Steindachner" box="[900,1129,1850,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Steindachner, F. (1867) Reptilien. In: Anonymous (1865 - 1869) (Ed.), Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere), Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 98 pp, 3 pls." type="book" year="1867">Steindachner (1867)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
credited the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFF3AF88DF282A629" box="[151,397,1886,1910]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFF3AF88DF282A629" box="[151,397,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to “Fitzinger
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFD93F88DF1A4A629" box="[574,683,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">in litteris</emphasis>
|
||
”.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC9F25FFD60F88DF1E3A628" box="[717,748,1887,1911]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a consequence, according to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFB24F88CF7CBA629" box="[1161,1220,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Code</emphasis>
|
||
(Art. 51.1.1), the authorship must be credited as such.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC9F25EFF6AF874F763A043" blockId="4.[151,1437,1742,2019]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">
|
||
This species was recognized as valid by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFD0DF874F094A6E1" author="Theobald" box="[672,923,1958,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Theobald, W. (1876) Descriptive catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta, x + 238 + xxxviii + xiii pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1876">Theobald (1876: 221)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFC48F874F7E5A6E1" author="Boulenger" box="[997,1258,1958,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1890) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii + 541 pp." type="book" year="1890">Boulenger (1890: 428)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered it a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFE86F819F1D8A6BD" authority="Blyth, 1846" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1846" box="[299,727,1994,2019]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trigonocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFE86F819F14BA6BC" box="[299,580,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Trigonocephalus cantori</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC9F25FFDE2F818F1D8A6BD" author="Blyth" box="[591,727,1994,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" refString="Blyth, E. (1846) Notes on the fauna of the Nicobar Islands. - Reptilia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15, 367 - 379." type="journal article" year="1846">Blyth, 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC9F25FFCA3F81EF706A6BC" box="[782,1033,1996,2019]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC9F25FFCA3F81EF706A6BC" box="[782,1033,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="561">Trimeresurus cantoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It was eventually resurrected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC8F25EFF3AFF4AF274A1F0" author="Werner" box="[151,379,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refString="Werner, F. (1926) Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Wiener Naturhistorischen Staats-Museums. Dritter Teil. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, (Abt. I), 135 (7 - 8), 243 - 257." type="journal article" year="1926">Werner (1926: 253)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC8F25EFE24FF45F12FA1F0" author="Smith" box="[393,544,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and all recent authors recognized it as a valid species, with the exception of Mahendra (1984) who regarded it as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFD41FF6FF7F3A18B" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[748,1276,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purpureomaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFD41FF6FF76DA18B" box="[748,1122,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1832)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFAA5FF6FF3E4A1A7" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFAA5FF6FF3E4A1A7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monotypic. Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC8F25EFDA2FF0DF005A1A8" box="[527,778,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refString="Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R. S. (2004) A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 32, 83 - 100. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.02.008" type="journal article">
|
||
Malhotra
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFDD0FF33F1A1A1A7" box="[637,686,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who placed this species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFB14FF32F3DDA043" authority="Cope, 1860" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1860" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Cryptelytrops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFB14FF32F65DA1A7" box="[1209,1362,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Cryptelytrops</emphasis>
|
||
Cope, 1860
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC8F25EFEA1FED6F2ECA043" box="[268,483,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. & Dubois, A. (2011) On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa, 2992, 1 - 51." type="journal article">
|
||
David
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFEF5FED7F286A043" box="[344,393,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it belongs to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFCB5FED7F768A043" authority="Lacepede, 1804" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[792,1127,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFCB5FED7F0A2A043" box="[792,941,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus</emphasis>
|
||
Lacépède, 1804
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF6AFEF5F034A03B" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
Before the present paper,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFE49FEFBF1DCA01F" box="[484,723,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFE49FEFBF1DCA01F" box="[484,723,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as now defined, had been depicted only in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC8F25EFB16FEF5F24FA03B" author="Steindachner" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refString="Steindachner, F. (1867) Reptilien. In: Anonymous (1865 - 1869) (Ed.), Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere), Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 98 pp, 3 pls." type="book" year="1867">
|
||
Steindachner (1867: Pl. 3:
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CE9ECFFC8F25EFF74FE9EF239A03B" box="[217,310,332,356]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1014,1037]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1450,1473]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,1370,257,973]" captionTargetBox-1="[281,1305,749,1428]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1020]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[281,1305,749,1428]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, (insert: Nicobar Islands showing: Car Nicobar Island (red), type locality of Trimeresurus labialis; Camorta Island, type locality, and distribution of Trimeresurus mutabilis (blue)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Trimeresurus labialis Fitzinger in Steindachner, 1867. Car Nicobar Island. Photograph by S. P. Vijayakumar / Bandana Aul." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/229375/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/229376/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Fig. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFC8F25EFE3EFE9EF037A03B" author="Vijayakumar" box="[403,824,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" refString="David, P., Vogel, G., Vijayakumar, S. P. & Vidal, N. (2006) A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus - complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 1293, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2006">Vijayakumar & David (2006: Fig.18)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFC8F25CFF6AFEBDF167A0AB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF6AFEBDF12CA348" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF6AFEBDF235A0D7" bold="true" box="[199,314,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. A small pitviper of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFD06FEA3F030A0D7" box="[683,831,369,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFD06FEA3F030A0D7" box="[683,831,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with (1) First supralabial entirely or partly fused to nasal; (2) 21 or 23 scale rows at midbody; (3) internasals usually in contact; (4) 168–172 VEN, 51–66 SC; (5) 10–12 cephalic scales between supraoculars; (6) total length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFC2DFE65F0D1A090" box="[896,990,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="511.0">511 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (7) a strong dimorphism in relative tail length (see below); and (8) a dorsal background colour in the shades of pale grey, greyish-green or pale olivegreen, never bright green (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A5C0D2FFC8F25EFE12FE2DF11DA348" box="[447,530,511,535]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,583,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of some morphological characters of Trimeresurus labialis and Trimeresurus mutabilis." pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF58A5E1FFC8F25EFF3AFD95F633A300" box="[151,1340,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF3AFD95F633A300" blockId="5.[151,1340,583,607]" box="[151,1340,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF3AFD95F205A300" bold="true" box="[151,266,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of some morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFC8AFD9AF704A300" box="[807,1035,584,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFC8AFD9AF704A300" box="[807,1035,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFB93FD9AF63AA300" box="[1086,1333,584,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFB93FD9AF63AA300" box="[1086,1333,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF32FDA9F7C3A3CF" blockId="5.[159,1367,635,904]" box="[159,1228,635,656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Taxon Max TL TaL/TL VEN</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFE1BFD76F076A3E6" blockId="5.[159,1367,635,904]" box="[438,889,676,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">3 Ƥ Ƥ Ƥ</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF32FD1CF658A25E" blockId="5.[159,1367,635,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFF32FD1CF278A3BC" box="[159,375,717,739]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF32FD1CF278A3BC" box="[159,375,717,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
476 511 0.188–0.193 0.129–0.151 168–172 168–171 (n = 2 3, 8Ƥ*) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFCC2FD3FF075A25D" box="[879,890,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.140) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFB5DFD3FF7F4A25D" box="[1264,1275,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 169.3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFCCBFCD9F658A237" blockId="5.[159,1367,635,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFCC2FCD9F076A27F" box="[879,889,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.007) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFB5DFCD9F7F5A27F" box="[1264,1274,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFF32FCE7F286A215" box="[159,393,820,842]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF32FCE7F286A215" box="[159,393,820,842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
425 490 0.174–0.182 0.124–0.154 158–164 154–164 (n = 5 3**, 22Ƥ) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFD03FC81F1B6A237" box="[686,697,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.178) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFCC2FC81F075A237" box="[879,890,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.140) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFB82FC81F735A237" box="[1071,1082,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 160.6) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFB5DFC81F7F4A237" box="[1264,1275,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 159.2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFD0BFCA0F630A2AC" blockId="5.[159,1367,635,904]" lastBlockId="5.[159,1343,989,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFD03FCA0F1B7A2D8" box="[686,696,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.004) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFCC2FCA0F076A2D8" box="[879,889,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.008) (s = 2.4) (s = 2.6) Taxon SC
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFC8F25EFCDBFC0FF0A4A2AD" box="[886,939,989,1010]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">MSR</collectingCountry>
|
||
Cep In sep
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF58A5E1FFC8F25EFF3AFC78F283A29E" box="[151,396,938,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF3AFC78F283A29E" blockId="5.[151,396,938,962]" box="[151,396,938,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF3AFC78F205A29D" bold="true" box="[151,266,938,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFE12FBD5F019A543" blockId="5.[159,1343,989,1258]" box="[447,790,1031,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Ƥ 3 Ƥ</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF32FBE3F7BCA5DC" blockId="5.[159,1343,989,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFF32FBE3F278A51A" box="[159,375,1071,1094]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF32FBE3F278A51A" box="[159,375,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
62–66 51-56
|
||
<date id="FF99D3A9FFC8F25EFCBAFBE2F792A51A" box="[791,1181,1072,1093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" value="1921-10-21" valueMax="1921-11-23" valueMin="1921-10-21">21 21–23 10–11</date>
|
||
0 (1) (n = 2 3, 8Ƥ*) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFDD2FB9DF185A53B" box="[639,650,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 53.1) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFC6EFB9DF0C1A53B" box="[963,974,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 22.5) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFBCBFB9DF77EA53B" box="[1126,1137,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 10.6) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFDD2FBBCF186A5DC" box="[639,649,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.8) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFC6EFBBCF0C2A5DC" box="[963,973,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.9) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFBCBFBBCF77FA5DC" box="[1126,1136,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.5)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF32FB45F7BCA5B5" blockId="5.[159,1343,989,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFF32FB45F286A5F3" box="[159,393,1174,1196]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF32FB45F286A5F3" box="[159,393,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
60–62 46–54 21 21 (23)***
|
||
<date id="FF99D3A9FFC8F25EFBF3FB45F600A5F3" box="[1118,1295,1175,1196]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" value="2012-09-01">9–12 1</date>
|
||
(n = 5 3**, 22Ƥ) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFE65FB64F2DCA594" box="[456,467,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 61.3) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFDD2FB64F185A594" box="[639,650,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 49.7) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFC6EFB64F0C1A594" box="[963,974,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 21.1) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFBC0FB64F777A594" box="[1133,1144,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 10.7) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFE65FB07F2DDA5B5" box="[456,466,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.0) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFDD2FB07F186A5B5" box="[639,649,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 2.5) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFC6EFB07F0C2A5B5" box="[963,973,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.4) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFBCBFB07F77FA5B5" box="[1126,1136,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">s</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.0)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF3AFAD8F17BA47F" blockId="5.[151,1300,1290,1404]" box="[151,628,1290,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF3AFAD8F23FA47E" bold="true" box="[151,304,1290,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
.—See in Material and Methods
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF3AFAFBF136A423" blockId="5.[151,1300,1290,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF3AFAFBF3ABA461" bold="true" box="[151,164,1321,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">*</emphasis>
|
||
—One female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFEF9FAF8F123A460" box="[340,556,1321,1343]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFEF9FAF8F123A460" box="[340,556,1321,1343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with damaged SC was not included in TaL/TL and SC values.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF3AFA9AF3BFA402" bold="true" box="[151,176,1352,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">**</emphasis>
|
||
—One male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFC8F25EFEE0FA9BF138A402" box="[333,567,1351,1374]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFEE0FA9BF138A402" box="[333,567,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Trimeresurus mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with part of the tail missing was not included in TaL/TL and SC values.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF3AFAB4F3B2A424" bold="true" box="[151,189,1382,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">***</emphasis>
|
||
—23 only in one out of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D213EE0FFC8F25EFE1DFAB5F136A423" box="[432,569,1382,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF6AFA7AF21DA72A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1448,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF6AFA7AF15BA49E" bold="true" box="[199,596,1448,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Species description and variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFDCFFA7BF1E4A49E" box="[610,747,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. The body of this species is quite slender, thicker in females; the triangular head is rather long, flat, wide at its base and clearly distinct from the neck; the snout is also rather long and narrow, at least twice as long as eye diameter, flattened, rounded seen from above, obliquely truncated seen from the side, with a distinct
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFD8EF9C7F1EFA772" box="[547,736,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
; the eye is small or average with a diameter smaller than the distance lower eye margin-lip margin; the tail is cylindrical, average, tapering progressively and strongly prehensile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF6AF953F101A7BE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1448,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
The maximal recorded total length is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFDDFF953F1C1A7C6" box="[626,718,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="511.0">511 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFCB6F953F072A7C6" box="[795,893,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.42" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="442.0">442 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TaL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFC13F953F71EA7C6" box="[958,1041,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="69.0">69 mm</quantity>
|
||
; NMW 18813:2, female;
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C4BCBFFC8F25EFA99F953F69FA7C6" box="[1332,1424,1665,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
). The longest known male is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFE75F977F13AA7E2" box="[472,565,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.76" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="476.0">476 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFD1AF977F018A7E2" box="[695,791,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="384.0">384 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TaL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFC8F25EFCF4F977F0A2A7E2" box="[857,941,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" unit="mm" value="92.0">92 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ZSI 23161). Ratio TaL / TL: 0.129–0.198 with a strong sexual dimorphism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25EFF6AF93FF20EA612" blockId="5.[151,1436,1448,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF6AF93FF260A65A" box="[199,367,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Body scalation</emphasis>
|
||
. DSR 25–21:21–23:15–17(19) scales, rhomboid, smooth or weakly keeled; VEN 168–172, SC 51–66, all paired; anal entire. The two examined males have 21 DSR but 6 out of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D213EE0FFC8F25EFBCBF8C3F7DAA676" box="[1126,1237,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
|
||
have 23 DSR at midbody.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFC8F25DFF6AF88BF145A3E7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1448,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,696]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFF6AF88BF27BA62E" box="[199,372,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">Head scalation</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostral broader than high, triangular, visible from above; nasal subrectangular, undivided, with nostril in its middle; one pair of moderately enlarged, subrectangular internasals, about twice as wide as and longer than adjacent upper snout scales, usually in contact each with the other or separated each from the other by 1 small scale (in 3 /
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D213EE0FFC8F25EFE2BF817F12AA682" box="[390,549,1989,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="562" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); 4 or 5 canthal scales bordering the
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFC8F25EFC7DF817F781A682" box="[976,1166,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="562">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
between internasal and corresponding supraocular, enlarged compared with adjacent snout scales; one small triangular loreal between upper preocular and nasal; two upper preoculars above loreal pit, lower one bordering the upper margin of loreal pit, both elongated and in contact with loreal; lower preocular forming lower margin of loreal pit; on each side 1 supraocular, elongate and narrow, about 3.0–3.5 times as long as wide, not much wider than the adjacent upper head scales, 0.8–0.9 times as wide as internasals, not indented by upper head scales; scales on dorsal surface of head small, smooth, irregular in shape, larger on snout than in the frontal area; 10–11 cephalic scales in a line between supraoculars; scales on the occiput flat and smooth; temporals smooth; on each side 2–3 postoculars and 1 elongated, crescent-like subocular; 9–12 SL, comparatively large (the specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFCBF25DFBCAFE46F7B4A0F3" box="[1127,1211,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFBCAFE46F7B4A0F3" box="[1127,1211,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Latin adjective based on the noun
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFEC4FE69F2B8A08C" box="[361,439,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">labium</emphasis>
|
||
(plural
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFDA2FE69F146A08C" box="[527,585,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">labia</emphasis>
|
||
), the lips, by reference to the large size of the supralabial scales), 1st SL and nasal completely fused or partly separated by an incomplete and shallow furrow, 2nd SL tall, in contact with nasal and forming the anterior border of loreal pit, 3rd SL largest, elongate, about 1.15–1.25 times longer than high, in contact with subocular or sometimes separated by 1 small scale, 4th SL lower than third one, separated from subocular by 1 or rarely 2 small scales, 5th and other posterior SL separated from subocular by 2 scales; 11–14
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCBF25DFAD6FD85F697A331" box="[1403,1432,599,622]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
, first pair in contact with each other, 1st–3rd pairs in contact with anterior chin shields; 8–9 rows of smooth gular scales; chin shields regularly arranged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF58A5E1FFCBF25DFF3AFA78F22CA480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229376/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" targetBox="[281,1305,749,1428]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCBF25DFF3AFA78F22CA480" blockId="6.[151,1435,1450,1503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFF3AFA78F217A49F" bold="true" box="[151,280,1450,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFCBF25DFE8EFA79F168A49F" authority="Fitzinger" authorityName="Fitzinger" box="[291,615,1450,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFE8EFA79F10FA49F" box="[291,512,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">Trimeresurus labialis</emphasis>
|
||
Fitzinger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFDDEFA79F188A49F" box="[627,647,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">in</emphasis>
|
||
Steindachner,1867. Car Nicobar Island. Photograph by S.P. Vijayakumar/ Bandana Aul.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCBF25DFF6AF9D4F7D4A634" blockId="6.[151,1436,1542,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCBF25DFF6AF9D4F2DCA740" box="[199,467,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">Coloration and pattern</emphasis>
|
||
. The colouration of this species is variable. The body is in various shades of pale brown, grey, greyish-brown, greyish-green or pale olive-green, slightly paler on the lower parts of the side; dark brown dorsal blotches or crossbands, more or less faint, 2 to 3 scales wide on each side; these dorsal blotches may be divided on the vertebral line and their halves slightly set off each from the other; a lateral series of irregular, dark grey or dark brown spots on the 4th, 5th or 6th dorsal scale rows, numerous, more or less aligned as a very discontinuous stripe, especially of 4th DSR, or widely scattered on any of these scale rows; a series of dark brown spots on scales of the 1st and lower part of those of the 2nd scale rows, usually widely separated; in some specimens a cream, narrow ventrolateral stripes extends on tip of ventrals and the lower part of the first dorsal scale row, dissected by brown spots of the ventrolateral series. The tail is as the body, with faint darker crossbars; posterior quarter of tail darker grey, pinkish-gray or greyish-green, with dark crossbars; tip uniformly dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCBF25CFF6AF8A5F3D7A1A8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1542,2010]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="6" pageNumber="563">Head more or less dark brown, greyish-brown or dark olive above and on temporal regions, slightly darker than the body; supralabials barely paler than upper head surface; in most specimens a thin, white, more or less diffuse temporal streak extends on the 2nd row of temporals above the last posterior supralabials from the eye to the corner of the mouth. Infralabials, chin and throat are pale grey or greyish-green, heavily speckled with dark grey or dark brown spots, especially on infralabials and chin. In life, the iris is brown, marbled with dark brown; black pupil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCAF25CFF6AFED6F0BFA03B" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">The venter is grey, brown or yellowish-grey, rather uniform or usually heavily marbled or speckled with dark brown or dark grey; tips of ventrals dark brown or greenish-grey. The ventral part of the tail is in the colour of the venter, pinkish-gray near its tip; subcaudals usually with dark margins.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCAF25CFF6AFEBDF62EA0F3" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCAF25CFF6AFEBDF2BFA0D7" bold="true" box="[199,432,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
. There is a sexual dimorphism in (1) relative tail length: 0.188–0.193 (n=2) in males vs. 0.129–0.151 (n=8) in females; and (2) the number of subcaudals:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFCAF25CFCDBFE46F0D6A0F3" box="[886,985,404,428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="1.5748" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="64.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="62.0">62–66 in</quantity>
|
||
males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFCAF25CFBF5FE46F7B4A0F3" box="[1112,1211,404,428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3589" metricValueMax="1.4224" metricValueMin="1.2953999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="53.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="51.0">51–56 in</quantity>
|
||
females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCAF25CFF6AFE65F167A0AB" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
There is also a weak dimorphism in the number of dorsal scale rows at midbody:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFCAF25CFBF8FE65F781A090" box="[1109,1166,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity>
|
||
the two available males and 2 out of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D213EE0FFCAF25CFE89FE0EF29CA0AB" box="[292,403,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF588CFFCAF25CFE33FE0EF2D8A0AB" box="[414,471,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
|
||
6/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D213EE0FFCAF25CFE58FE0EF16BA0AB" box="[501,612,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFCAF25CFF6AFE2DF08CA3F8" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCAF25CFF6AFE2DF27FA363" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCAF25CFF6AFE2DF2B8A347" bold="true" box="[199,439,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CE9ECFFCAF25CFEC5FE2DF2A2A347" box="[360,429,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1014,1037]" captionTargetBox="[321,1370,257,973]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1020]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, (insert: Nicobar Islands showing: Car Nicobar Island (red), type locality of Trimeresurus labialis; Camorta Island, type locality, and distribution of Trimeresurus mutabilis (blue)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229375/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.On the basis of the present paper, this species is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFBF2FE2DF787A348" box="[1119,1160,511,535]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Car</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFB22FE2DF7E6A348" box="[1167,1257,511,535]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
|
||
island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFAECFE2DF694A348" box="[1345,1435,511,535]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Archipelago,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFE82FDF6F263A363" box="[303,364,548,572]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCAF25CFF6AFD95F08CA3F8" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68898FFCAF25CFF6AFD95F255A300" author="Vogel" box="[199,346,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" refString="David, P., Vogel, G., Vijayakumar, S. P. & Vidal, N. (2006) A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus - complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 1293, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2006">Vogel (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included two pictures of this species stated to originate from “Andaman Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFB5AFD95F639A300" box="[1271,1334,583,607]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. In fact, this locality was erroneous. The specimen shown on pictures Nr RS02585-4 and RS02587-4 indeed stemmed from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFF3AFD5DF3CFA3F8" box="[151,192,655,679]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Car</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFF6BFD5DF22FA3F8" box="[198,288,655,679]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F330B5F9FFCAF25CFE8AFD5DF264A3F8" box="[295,363,655,679]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(S. P.Vijayakumar, pers. comm.,
|
||
<date id="FF99D3A9FFCAF25CFD4FFD42F078A3F8" box="[738,887,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" value="2013-08">August 2013</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33DA6E2FFCAF25CFF6AFD66F1FBA3B0" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98F569FFCAF25CFF6AFD66F1FBA3B0" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCAF25CFF6AFD66F241A393" bold="true" box="[199,334,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C278EEAFFCAF25CFD96FD66F180A393" box="[571,655,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCAF25CFD96FD66F180A393" box="[571,655,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">labialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Latin adjective based on the noun
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCAF25CFBE4FD66F798A393" box="[1097,1175,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">labium</emphasis>
|
||
(plural
|
||
<emphasis id="B953297BFFCAF25CFB5CFD66F624A393" box="[1265,1323,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="564">labia</emphasis>
|
||
), the lips, by reference to the large size of the supralabial scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |