155 lines
20 KiB
XML
155 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="F4ABE5AF157C581EE53CD8547A87D138" ID-CLB-Dataset="35442" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f73c2338-91af-4022-a3ab-abf9597cba07" ID-PMC="PMC4109474" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-139" ID-PubMed="25061383" ID-ZooBank="E09C5A85664A4305B82B45B960595BA1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-139" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 421" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" checkinTime="1451245671329" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lafontaine, J. Donald, Walsh, J. Bruce & Ferris, Clifford D." docDate="2014" docId="686C5783D31421E85973BAE56555F3D3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 139-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" docTitle="Protorthodes mulina Schaus 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="FF925120D417AD5C7D46FF84ED57FF9A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1701383659387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8CE43CD8D89B6BD19F74ED5ACA9A9311">A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="118E5A0442CB18BD246DEC1EFB4311B3">Lafontaine, J. Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4138F1CAE6A7B63832DFF22ECE8CD331">Walsh, J. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84C2BED6D3BB39FC0E2457107AAF9621">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="04AB17FA6D846CFB2A48AB472F471905">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C45106955D389781536B5B410FC86102">421</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D5FA2F0374DD6E352BC03BAEAAC7C54A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="686C5783D31421E85973BAE56555F3D3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:686C5783D31421E85973BAE56555F3D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/686C5783D31421E85973BAE56555F3D3" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="9C54A71B248F8260AB8155DD8C4604F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="D65348C8ABCE7E026F349D89AD3C7EB9" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3A056E61EA1CA1ACF09AD2D5B6507353" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E249F5B3ECC735738AE27EBC54F30754" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="4808EF3BD93D25E78C44234281EE3B2D" ID-CoL="4N6ZJ" authority="Schaus, 1894" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina (Schaus, 1894)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 19, 20, 59, 77; Map 5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68F843BA3C92DA1886C3D55F44618180" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3D42E1395E09F96AE78C17CD6372DB34" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="5A42359FE3158B47184BAEEC41F15803" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Taeniocampa mulina</taxonomicName>
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Schaus, 1894: 237.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D3BEC4A93E6091BDDCA2AA2357B7D5D" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="DDD241F3E52BFA1D62A1AFE9F5A83CC8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hyssia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyssia pseudochroma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudochroma">Hyssia pseudochroma</taxonomicName>
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Dyar, 1913: 288.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77B5443435B3344AF316B61D5588854C" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="85F33BDEE4F3A17FAD2FF59E80834772" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5069F2C6789B5A399F884CC7FB9B8D7" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="509728BEBEB402E0E4FE60490CCDE456" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Taeniocampa mulina</taxonomicName>
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: syntypes in USNM, examined. Type locality: Mexico, [Veracruz], Jalapa.
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<taxonomicName id="B1F0F06FF7BC98FB26FDDBA0F72DD3C2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hyssia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyssia pseudochroma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudochroma">Hyssia pseudochroma</taxonomicName>
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: holotype ♂, USNM, examined. Type locality: Mexico, [Veracruz], Zacualpan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F424A301984D1CB6F8C4B733A0C6E037" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="62EC35961CCCC44B4348D8855730F5FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5939B203ED99A5F901EFE1D18E50D8FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="0474F8F2704D05A76C1125FE4167B6D4" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
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is easily recognized by the orange or yellow-orange ground color of the forewing with the maculation defined by darker orange-brown lines, and especially by the enlarged lower lobe of the reniform spot that is filled with a dark blue gray. Forewing length varying from 13 to 17 mm. The male and female genitalia are divergent from other species in the genus, although several features suggest a relationship to the
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<taxonomicName id="C17C96E119DF8E99BAAAB5DCFF9B936E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
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group; the vesica has a basal cornutus, the subbasal diverticula in the vesica are similar to those of species in the
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<taxonomicName id="E84C08E6A6CFA63AFF3B83BE68F35D39" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
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group, but in
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<taxonomicName id="1B610E57DE3544FBC0EBDA6720C8B5F0" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
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these structures are much larger than those of other species in the
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<taxonomicName id="6FCBE43E84CC024254D2A4427AA3BCF2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
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group and the vesica is about twice as long. Unique features of the male genitalia are the enlarged, rounded cucullus, wider than the valve, unlike other species of
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<taxonomicName id="02F6879D64F04072267D3FFD669A6838" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
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, the clasper is almost straight with an abrupt 90°bend near the apex, and the digitus is reduced, lying entirely along the inner surface of the valve with the apex slightly expanded and forked. The female genitalia, like other species in the
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<taxonomicName id="D3285B8F908EA60565A1DF6B621738D5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
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group, has an amorphous sclerotized mass on the posterior part of the ductus bursae; the position and shape of the lobes of the corpus bursae are unique.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EFAED038420A50B8CE08ADBD721C580D" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<paragraph id="55C3E78B011A6FCF7EB03A176BF06A04" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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Figures 19-36.
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<taxonomicName id="0F27B4DFF090326A151BE36D114CA2FB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
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adults 19
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<taxonomicName id="676D345F6A1E36EC81D842BEC4F4EC27" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts, Ash Canyon, 5100' 20
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<taxonomicName id="4CF9174C4D09E87F4B3AD09BDCC72514" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
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♀, USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts, Ash Canyon, 5100' 21
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<taxonomicName id="32B5620CA4D4779F33484309D63FCEA5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes oviduca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviduca">Protorthodes oviduca</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, Florida, Marion Co., W. Anthony Rd, 1.4 mi WSW Anthony 22
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<taxonomicName id="077AF91B8CDF5AC575E160B2F26EACA3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes oviduca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviduca">Protorthodes oviduca</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, Colorado, Grand Co., Hot Sulphur Springs, 7670' 23
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<taxonomicName id="182E79C075F3841E1410466DFE662ADE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes oviduca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviduca">Protorthodes oviduca</taxonomicName>
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♀, USA, Florida, Marion Co., W. Anthony Rd, 1.4 mi WSW Anthony 24
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<taxonomicName id="F18FFBA232CCB95BE1955C184D1792EB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes orobia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobia">Protorthodes orobia</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, Texas, San Patricio Co., Sinton 25
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<taxonomicName id="96BE982E7092BA8E49A975C627A65F67" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes melanopis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopis">Protorthodes melanopis</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, New Mexico, Grant Co., Mangas Springs 26
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<taxonomicName id="A170D4CD80432527FFEADE44393139DF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes melanopis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopis">Protorthodes melanopis</taxonomicName>
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♀, USA, New Mexico, Eddy Co., Carlsbad Caverns National Park 27
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<taxonomicName id="20E34CF096183FF8128547EFBB0C7040" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes texicana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texicana">Protorthodes texicana</taxonomicName>
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♂ holotype, USA, Texas, Uvalde Co., Concan, 1300' 28
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738F4E3D91D55128EE0DD6670EEDE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes texicana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texicana">Protorthodes texicana</taxonomicName>
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♀ paratype, USA, Texas, Uvalde Co., Concan 29
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<taxonomicName id="5F04AED63324C0474790075D709E0C11" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes texicana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texicana">Protorthodes texicana</taxonomicName>
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♂ paratype, Mexico, Chiapas, San
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<normalizedToken id="ACBD49E49DD1BE6A73E91DAF5F6C1B98" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
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de las Casas, 7200' 30
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<taxonomicName id="2FE4B9BAE4B031CF23515BCD1678B267" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mexicana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Protorthodes mexicana</taxonomicName>
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♂ holotype, Mexico, Jalapa, Guadalahara 31
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<taxonomicName id="5EB0A5497977B3426AC42CBA7C88B665" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, California, San Diego Co., Jacumba, 2850' 32
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<taxonomicName id="26AD19E30AE17AB5C9357A62E88564DD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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♀, USA, California, San Diego Co.,
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<normalizedToken id="48ABC222A005BE8349476EDABE0BE1BB" originalValue="Scissor’s">Scissor's</normalizedToken>
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Crossing 33
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<taxonomicName id="2EF4E6A256DBA682C2A90E7E994396DF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, Oregon, Josephine Co., Mi 6-13 Illinois River Road 34
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<taxonomicName id="EC45963144E554DB3A706566C219D836" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, California, San Diego Co., Torrey Pines State Reserve 35
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<taxonomicName id="699C2B8009120C7202E965886EC06D7B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, California, Sonoma Co., Petaluma 36
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<taxonomicName id="8C67A33C4A00E33E2B7D223454A046BE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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♂, USA, California, San Diego Co., Mira Mesa at Penasquitos Canyon.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2982172AEEBE104401D026BAD6932BC1" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph id="7FDDA04B79ACD584FB2006DBC01EAECB" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EDD654E0154AEEEDFADF31927D1CB306" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="F64FFF33B7FFF370AB77432FD2DB937B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
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undoubtedly has a wide range in Mexico, occurring as far south as the state of Chiapas, but is known from very few localities. In the United States it occurs from western Texas to southeastern Arizona. Adults are found in May and June and again from mid-August to early November, probably representing two generations. The larva was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EA6A6A3E03D3551FDE4F53C55FB1379F" author="Crumb, SE" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="26" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 356" title="The larvae of the Phalaenidae." volume="1135" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD096129C71AED6227FBFEEA6606A26D" author="Godfrey, GL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="26" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 265" title="A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico." volume="1450" year="1972">Godfrey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |