122 lines
15 KiB
XML
122 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="7ADDAA9033EAD80BB5731F8113CE552A" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2016n2a5" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4535533" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:80DB85DC-7A7E-425E-9BED-57CBBDD2A872" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613060524160" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Koufos, George D. & Sen, Sevket" docDate="2016" docId="03A987D538266B00FF18FB8AFA8CFCDF" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.38.2.225-243.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 38 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2016n2a5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4DA100580BA89F561A6D37CADC50A8FD.3:Geodiversitas.2015-2017.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="4DA100580BA89F561A6D37CADC50A8FD" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2015-2017.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hipparion giganteum Gromova 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FF90FFAD38216B07FFF9FFDEFFB3FFD0" masterDocTitle="Equidae" masterLastPageNumber="243" masterPageNumber="225" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1698870905611" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2FD789466886D2EAD3860258707ACE93">
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<mods:title id="4B6936113E59DDB2105169814D42C12C">Equidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="41E2C392961810608327DCE12005A2C9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A701E83C606F3DF3D1A280239C745032">Koufos, George D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="52D3C4F4B8B154CA8CFC2D521F76364E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5CD79612AF086B5D398D498D6041A8A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BAB3D393616AB5464A391AA683526D75">Sen, Sevket</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E5F39B014C81131CD81C90F1CC38939C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FE494868F8F41B8DAD31010280D29E60">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="382A4F78DB81D497DF33AE2C9403820B">
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<mods:date id="A7108588DF6C10CC8B777F315DB6F39C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="52B0986A65AF65C5CDFBD02FC2B169A5" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="9D255D7BD3237170218AF08CAAF64902">2016-06-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3CD429EC6563CE13E5B46626BACE52D4">38</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7352C69B70EC7498AE27018D540EBC2C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3D84467B31D26FAF7416989CCBCFA67C">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F1E48D2D155DD70E7F843F96CC11BDE8">225</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="C365848709E6751A1FE118E605B097F9">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2016n2a5</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="97E799435356D58AB079633A11E5945E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F47BD8D0324B5C7C47F38AD5B9905EE5" type="DOI">10.5252/g2016n2a5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8DE59B3AC1933A17AA7C480EEED9395" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A987D538266B00FF18FB8AFA8CFCDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4535861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D538266B00FF18FB8AFA8CFCDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987D538266B00FF18FB8AFA8CFCDF" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<subSubSection id="C31A654838266B00FF18FB8AFE4BFB75" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF18FB8AFD19FBBF" blockId="7.[225,682,1108,1135]" box="[225,682,1108,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0F781AF38266B00FF18FB8AFD19FBBF" box="[225,682,1108,1135]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D4038266B00FF18FB8AFD19FBBF" authority="Gromova, 1952" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[225,682,1108,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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<emphasis id="B974EAD138266B00FF18FB8AFEE7FBBE" bold="true" box="[225,340,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Hipparion</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B974EAD138266B00FE7CFB8AFE45FBBE" bold="true" box="[389,502,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">giganteum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3238266B00FE04FB8AFD19FBBF" author="GROMOVA V." box="[509,682,1108,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref7385" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - Le genre Hipparion. Bureau de Recherches geologiques et Minieres CEDP 12: 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFB50FE4BFB75" blockId="7.[132,504,1165,1189]" box="[132,504,1165,1189]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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LOCALITY. — Küçükçekmece,
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<collectingCountry id="F317765338266B00FE57FB53FE40FB75" box="[430,499,1165,1189]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A654838266B00FF7DFB60FDE2FB05" box="[132,593,1213,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFB60FDE2FB05" blockId="7.[132,593,1213,1238]" box="[132,593,1213,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">AGE. — Late Vallesian, MN 10; Late Miocene.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A654838266B00FF7DFB33FE35FAD4" box="[132,390,1260,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFB33FE35FAD4" blockId="7.[132,390,1260,1284]" box="[132,390,1260,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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MATERIAL. — See
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<tableCitation id="C682037838266B00FEC1FB32FE35FAD4" box="[312,390,1260,1284]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="16.[121,132,459,481]" captionText="TABLE 1. — List of the Küçükçekmece hipparion sample with their measurements and determination. Abbreviations: hgig, H. aff. giganteum; hseb, H. aff. sebastopolitanum. Other abbreviations used in the Table 1 are listed below." pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Table 1.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A654838266B00FF7DFAC2FA8CFCDF" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFAC2FE71FAE4" blockId="7.[132,450,1308,1332]" box="[132,450,1308,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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MEASUREMENTS. — See
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<tableCitation id="C682037838266B00FE8DFAC2FE71FAE4" box="[372,450,1308,1332]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="16.[121,132,459,481]" captionText="TABLE 1. — List of the Küçükçekmece hipparion sample with their measurements and determination. Abbreviations: hgig, H. aff. giganteum; hseb, H. aff. sebastopolitanum. Other abbreviations used in the Table 1 are listed below." pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Table 1.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFA8AFEA6FABC" blockId="7.[131,777,1364,2027]" box="[132,277,1364,1390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFAAAFE89FA5D" blockId="7.[131,777,1364,2027]" box="[132,314,1395,1421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B974EAD138266B00FF7DFAAAFE89FA5D" box="[132,314,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Upper cheek teeth</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FF7DFA4DFED9F83B" blockId="7.[131,777,1364,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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The upper cheek teeth are large with very rich enamel plication in the fossette’s borders and with thin and very deep plis (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A4638266B00FF07FA0DFEF3FA3E" box="[254,320,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,219,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[162,1425,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 5. — Hipparion aff.giganteum, Küçükçekmece,Turkey,Vallesian, upper and lower cheek teeth; the specimens MNHN.F.TRQ14, TRQ17, TRQ41, and TRQ106 cannot be certainly attributed to one of the Küçükçekmece hipparions. The position of the teeth is given in Table 1. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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); the plication number ranges between
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<quantity id="4CF89B2638266B00FF7EFA2DFF54F9DD" box="[135,231,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.715" metricValueMax="7.874" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="22.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="14.0">14-31 in</quantity>
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the premolars and between
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the molars. The protocone is large, elliptical-oval with flattened lingual wall in the less worn teeth; in MNHN.F.TRQ110 it bears a small mesial spur. The pli caballin is simple to triple. The distal hypoconal groove is well developed and deep while a large lingual hypoconal groove is present in the premolars and a small one in the molars. The P2 TRQ106 has a small and pointed anterostyle, closed fossettes, very rich enamel plication in the fossette’s borders (mean plication number = 21), isolated and oval protocone with a small mesial spur, triple pli caballin, deep and narrow distal hypoconal groove, and a shallow and clear lingual hypoconal groove (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A4638266B00FF77F8AFFF7FF85C" box="[142,204,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,219,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[162,1425,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 5. — Hipparion aff.giganteum, Küçükçekmece,Turkey,Vallesian, upper and lower cheek teeth; the specimens MNHN.F.TRQ14, TRQ17, TRQ41, and TRQ106 cannot be certainly attributed to one of the Küçükçekmece hipparions. The position of the teeth is given in Table 1. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). The presence of the lingual hypoconal groove, the very rich enamel plication, the multiple pli caballin, and the size of the P2TRQ106 fit well with the Küçükçekmece form-B morphology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FCD4FF06FC51FF21" blockId="7.[811,1456,215,593]" box="[813,994,215,241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B974EAD138266B00FCD4FF06FC51FF21" box="[813,994,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Lower cheek teeth</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FCD4FF29FAFEFD80" blockId="7.[811,1456,215,593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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The lower premolars are unworn or less worn preventing the description of their occlusal morphology (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A4638266B00FB21FEC9FAA1FEE2" box="[1240,1298,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,219,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[162,1425,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 5. — Hipparion aff.giganteum, Küçükçekmece,Turkey,Vallesian, upper and lower cheek teeth; the specimens MNHN.F.TRQ14, TRQ17, TRQ41, and TRQ106 cannot be certainly attributed to one of the Küçükçekmece hipparions. The position of the teeth is given in Table 1. Scale bar: 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Fig.5</figureCitation>
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). However, the lower molars (MNHN.F.TRQ46, TRQ111) are more worn and their morphology is clear. The parastylid is well developed and high in TRQ46. The ectoflexid is narrow and deep in the molars with a weak pli caballinid, and the linguaflexid is deep and V-shaped. The pli caballinid is weak and it is reduced by the wear. The metaconid and metastylid are rounded (in the less worn teeth they are elliptical) and the entoconid squarish. The preflexid and postflexid borders are plicated and (or) crenulated. There is not any trace of the ectostylid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36C338266B00FCD4FDA8FA8CFCDF" blockId="7.[811,1455,630,783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B974EAD138266B00FCD4FDA8FC18FD40" box="[813,939,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Metapodials</emphasis>
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There is only a fragment of the
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<subScript id="1784348638266B00FB8CFD48FB1EFD63" attach="left" box="[1141,1197,662,691]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">McIII</subScript>
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and an almost complete
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<subScript id="1784348638266B00FCD2FD68FCD1FD03" attach="left" box="[811,866,694,723]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">MtIII</subScript>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133B2A4638266B00FC97FD6BFC1AFD1F" box="[878,937,693,719]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[133,143,1481,1499]" captionTargetBox="[133,1452,211,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-330@8.[132,1455,211,1439]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Hipparion aff. sebastopolitanum and H. aff. giganteum, Küçükçekmece, Turkey, Vallesian, postcranial remains. The determination of the bones is given in Table 1. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4535541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4535541/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). The slenderness index is 17 for the
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<subScript id="1784348638266B00FADFFD68FAEFFD03" attach="left" box="[1318,1372,694,723]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">MtIII</subScript>
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and the keel index is 117 for the
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<subScript id="1784348638266B00FBD6FD08FBDAFD23" attach="left" box="[1071,1129,726,755]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">McIII</subScript>
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and 118 for the
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<subScript id="1784348638266B00FAE0FD08FAFCFD23" attach="left" box="[1305,1359,726,755]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">MtIII</subScript>
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, indicating short and robust metapodials with weak keel.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |