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<document id="5A2BCDC6FC4B1B6A96F22BA223998494" ID-CLB-Dataset="54779" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad009" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c065cc9-0f2c-4e04-9141-c36bf101c3d5" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8152364" ID-ZooBank="A2863AB5-855B-4549-89EC-A57C46140CD9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1689235433146" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kolbasov, Gregory A., Savchenko, Alexandra S., Yu, Meng-Chen, Tsao, Yao-Feng, Ganmanee, Monthon &amp; Chan, Benny K. K." docDate="2023" docId="03FA8E1EAB53FF9345C7FB89FB29F9FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad009.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Petrarca rubus Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan 2023, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="791" masterDocId="FFC3F666AB40FF8B4617FFCFFFDEFFB3" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)" masterLastPageNumber="801" masterPageNumber="767" pageNumber="786" updateTime="1689529875860" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EDCDB9C20C29E830A6A85714C8624F8E">Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="595B044E9DA8424AA886123EBB8B9E6C">Kolbasov, Gregory A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="667ADB1836B3A7AE7ABDAAC5F238A13B">Savchenko, Alexandra S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="635896D364B7E515A543C8E25C8AF108">Yu, Meng-Chen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F335B560FC84552F618CA22C01A948BF">Tsao, Yao-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E9AA2BE2B73EEE32633F0802BA8FBE59">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1190FD93A70DA2CB6CB3FCC3A4D1EFD4">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB53FF9845C7FB89FB7AFBEE" authority="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan, 2023" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[976,1188,1094,1117]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="19" pageNumber="797" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus" status="sp. nov.">
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.
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<emphasis id="B927E31AAB53FF9842C1FB86FAD9FBEF" bold="true" box="[1238,1287,1097,1116]" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">NOV</emphasis>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB53FF984205FBA3FB15FB35" blockId="19.[1042,1227,1132,1158]" box="[1042,1227,1132,1158]" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">
(
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB53FF98420DFBA2FBB1FB35" box="[1050,1135,1133,1158]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[145,221,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[202,1368,204,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[201,1368,201,1804]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Species of the genus Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida) endoparasitic in Turbinaria corals in Taiwan. A, globular galls (circled) formed by Petrarca on the surface of Turbinaria coral (modified after Kolbasov et al., 2021). B, gall formed by Petrarca on the coral surface. C, underneath the gall chipped off from coral shows two individuals of Petrarca goana (indicated by" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152366/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">
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1I
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,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB53FF98426AFBA2FB1DFB35" box="[1149,1219,1133,1158]" captionStart-0="Figure 19" captionStart-1="Figure 20" captionStart-2="Figure 21" captionStart-3="Figure 22" captionStart-4="Figure 23" captionStart-5="Figure 24" captionStart-6="Figure 25" captionStartId-0="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" captionStartId-1="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionStartId-2="24.[146,224,707,729]" captionStartId-3="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionStartId-4="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionStartId-5="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionStartId-6="28.[145,223,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1265,195,1201]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetBox-2="[260,1310,198,671]" captionTargetBox-3="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetBox-4="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetBox-5="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetBox-6="[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetId-0="figure-333@22.[305,1265,195,1205]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetId-2="figure-620@24.[257,1313,195,677]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetId-4="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId-5="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId-6="figure-233@28.[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionTargetPageId-5="27" captionTargetPageId-6="28" captionText-0="Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm." captionText-1="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." captionText-2="Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen.A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." captionText-3="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." captionText-4="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." captionText-5="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." captionText-6="Figure 25. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, thoracopods and penis, SEM. A, thoracopod 1. B, ctenoid scales on thoracopod 3. C, rudimentary abdomen, ventral side. D, distal end of penis. Abbreviations: pe, penis (base); rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp1, thoracopod 1. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/8152430/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">19–25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB53FF98452CFB06FA41FAB3" blockId="19.[827,1442,1225,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">
Z o o b a n k R e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act:
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<emphasis id="B927E31AAB53FF98452CFAFFFBEBFAF6" box="[827,1077,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Material examined:</emphasis>
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(including
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<emphasis id="B927E31AAB53FF9845C5FA81FB6FFAD0" box="[978,1201,1358,1379]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Turbinaria bifrons</emphasis>
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22°40
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39.2
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121°28
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57.2
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d
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, at
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<elevation id="007ED83BAB53FF984255FA43FB4BFA12" box="[1090,1173,1420,1441]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="786" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="4.0">4–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
depth. Glycerin slide of the dissected holotype (no.
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB53FF98427DFA64FB15FA73" box="[1130,1227,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Mg 1249</emphasis>
)
</materialsCitation>
with the carapace valves, antennules, mouth parts, and rest of the body with thoracopods and penis, and SEM stub of
<typeStatus id="54E881AAAB53FF98432AFA27FA7DFA4E" box="[1341,1443,1512,1533]" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">paratype</typeStatus>
(no. Mg 1251) with the carapace valves and the body are deposited in the Zoological Museum of
<collectingRegion id="4997F1EAAB53FF984351F9E9FCA6F9EA" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Moscow State</collectingRegion>
University in
<collectingRegion id="4997F1EAAB53FF98420BF98BFBABF9EA" box="[1052,1141,1604,1625]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Moscow</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3447F98AB53FF984297F98BFABCF9E9" box="[1152,1378,1604,1626]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Russian Federation</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB53FF9E452CF941FD60FA56" blockId="19.[827,1443,1677,1883]" lastBlockId="21.[163,779,1395,1509]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="788" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB53FF98452CF941FC6CF910" box="[827,946,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="786">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Carapace roughly ovoid, carapace valves of adults with crenulated margins formed by protruding outer ends of six to seven radially directed dorsal and posterior irregular ridges; ridge exterior with irregular lumpy inflations; ventral side of carapace with numerous, large conical papillae, lateral surface with small papillae. Mandibles with 20 sharp, simple and bifid teeth; teeth of the maxillules in lower half with spiniform tips and tending to form two rows; six pairs of thoracopods, first thoracopod setiform; penis with relatively small, rounded cylindrical rami.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C6F80AB54FF9F4686F983FCFAF883" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8152414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152414/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="787" startId="20.[145,223,1612,1634]" targetBox="[147,1425,195,1582]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB54FF9F4686F983FCFAF883" blockId="20.[145,1425,1612,1840]" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F4686F983FEDBF9D2" bold="true" box="[145,261,1612,1634]" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB54FF9F4707F982FE1AF9D0" authority="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan, 2023" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,452,1613,1635]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="787" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nozaaeai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F4707F982FE1AF9D0" box="[272,452,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">Petrarca nozaaeai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145E61AB54FF9F47DEF982FDC8F9D0" box="[457,534,1613,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="787" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM. A, left carapace valve, lateral view, external side (anterior end on the left partially destroyed after body proper was removed). B, external surface of mantle with papillae (coloured in magenta), dorsoposterior view. C, papilla on dorsoposterior surface enlarged from (B). D, conspicuous external papillae, anterioventral side. E, external papillae, ventral side. F, tip of external papilla with central micropore (indicated by arrowhead). G, right carapace valve, lateral view, internal side (anterior end on the left partially destroyed after body proper was removed). H, body proper removed from carapace valves (thoracopods numbered in Arabic, first abdominal segment numbered in Roman). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F4533F932FCE3F8A0" box="[804,829,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">a1</emphasis>
, antennule;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F45D5F932FC03F8A0" box="[962,989,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">ad</emphasis>
, adductor muscle;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F42B4F932FB66F8A1" box="[1187,1208,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">oc</emphasis>
, oral cone;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F4327F932FA99F8A1" box="[1328,1351,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">pe</emphasis>
, penis;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F4686F8D5FF6BF883" box="[145,181,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">rab</emphasis>
, rudimentary abdomen;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB54FF9F47A1F8D5FE07F883" box="[438,473,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="787">thp</emphasis>
, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C6F80AB55FF9E46B6FB3CFA7AFAF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8152416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152416/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" startId="21.[161,239,1267,1289]" targetBox="[227,1379,195,1237]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB55FF9E46B6FB3CFA7AFAF0" blockId="21.[161,1444,1267,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E46B6FB3CFEC8FABB" bold="true" box="[161,278,1267,1289]" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB55FF9E4735FB3CFE09FABA" authority="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan, 2023" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[290,471,1267,1289]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nozaaeai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E4735FB3CFE09FABA" box="[290,471,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Petrarca nozaaeai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145E61AB55FF9E47CBFB3CFDF7FABA" box="[476,553,1267,1289]" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, oral cone, thoracopods, abdomen and penis, SEM. A, oral cone, ventral view. B, ctenoid scales on labrum and maxilla enlarged from (A). C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, thoracopods 3 and 4 (numbered). E, distal part of penis. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E4512FAE2FCC7FAF0" box="[773,793,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">lb</emphasis>
, labrum;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E456AFAE1FC42FAF0" box="[893,924,1326,1347]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">mo</emphasis>
, mouth opening;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E4246FAE2FBA3FAF0" box="[1105,1149,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">mx2</emphasis>
, maxillae. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB55FF9E46B4F9D7FEFBF91A" blockId="21.[163,778,1560,1705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E46B4F9D7FEF4F99E" box="[163,298,1560,1581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Latin
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB55FF9E47CEF9D7FDC1F99E" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[473,543,1560,1581]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E47CEF9D7FDC1F99E" box="[473,543,1560,1581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, raspberry (
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E44AAF9D7FF2BF9FF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Rubus idaeus</emphasis>
L.), referring to the shape and colour of t h e c a r a p a c e i n l i v i n g i n d i v i d u a l s o f t h e n e w species resembling ripe raspberries. It is a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB55FF9E46B4F900FA4CF96A" blockId="21.[163,779,1743,1918]" lastBlockId="21.[827,1444,1395,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB55FF9E46B4F900FEE4F957" box="[163,314,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Description:</emphasis>
Living specimens pink or crimson-coloured (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E470CF922FEB5F8B0" box="[283,363,1773,1795]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[145,221,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[202,1368,204,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[201,1368,201,1804]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Species of the genus Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida) endoparasitic in Turbinaria corals in Taiwan. A, globular galls (circled) formed by Petrarca on the surface of Turbinaria coral (modified after Kolbasov et al., 2021). B, gall formed by Petrarca on the coral surface. C, underneath the gall chipped off from coral shows two individuals of Petrarca goana (indicated by" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152366/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
). Adult (mature) specimens
<quantity id="4CAB92EDAB55FF9E44DDF922FED9F891" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029999999999999" metricValueMax="5.71" metricValueMin="4.35" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" unit="mm" value="5.029999999999999" valueMax="5.71" valueMin="4.35">4.35– 5.71 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CAB92EDAB55FF9E475AF8C3FE2EF891" box="[333,496,1804,1826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04" metricValueMax="5.65" metricValueMin="4.43" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" unit="mm" value="5.04" valueMax="5.65" valueMin="4.43">4.43–5.65 mm</quantity>
high (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E442CF8C3FD1FF892" box="[571,705,1804,1826]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-333@22.[305,1265,195,1205]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Figs 19A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E44D9F8C3FD22F892" box="[718,764,1804,1825]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">22A</figureCitation>
); young (juvenile) specimen (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E47F8F8E4FD8BF8F3" box="[495,597,1835,1857]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-333@22.[305,1265,195,1205]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
)
<quantity id="4CAB92EDAB55FF9E4470F8E4FD11F8F3" box="[615,719,1835,1857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" unit="mm" value="1.52">1.52 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CAB92EDAB55FF9E46C1F886FEE5F8EC" box="[214,315,1865,1887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="788" unit="mm" value="1.54">1.54 mm</quantity>
high. Carapace roughly ovoid in adults (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E46BCF8A7FEEBF8CE" box="[171,309,1896,1918]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-333@22.[305,1265,195,1205]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Figs 19A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E4754F8A7FEACF8CE" box="[323,370,1896,1917]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">22A</figureCitation>
) and spherical in young specimen (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E4554FABCFC7BFA3B" box="[835,933,1395,1417]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-333@22.[305,1265,195,1205]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
); valves with short anteriodorsal hinge line; lateral surfaces with six to seven radial ridges with irregular lumpy inflations. These inflations are less developed in the anterior part of adults and in young specimens. Dorsal and posterior margins of valve crenulated due to carapace ridges (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E42CEF9C3FABEF992" box="[1241,1376,1548,1570]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-333@22.[305,1265,195,1205]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Figs 19A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E4379F9C3FC93F9F3" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">22A, E</figureCitation>
). Ventral margin curved, with numerous, large conical papillae (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E45EBF986FB85F9ED" box="[1020,1115,1609,1631]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
) with a central micropore at the tip (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E458FF9A7FC27F9CE" box="[920,1017,1640,1662]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 22D</figureCitation>
). Cuticle on the lateral external and internal surfaces of carapace with dense, polygonal, small swellings or bumps, with papillae on the external side and tiny pores on the internal side (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E431FF90BFA5CF96A" box="[1288,1410,1732,1754]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 22B, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB55FF9D4544F92CFD54FA0E" blockId="21.[827,1444,1395,1907]" lastBlockId="22.[145,762,1356,1899]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="789" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">
Body inflated, curved, enclosed between carapace valves, tip of penis close to oral cone (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB55FF9E4324F8CEFA4BF8A5" box="[1331,1429,1793,1815]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="788">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
). Cephalon with large adductor muscle lying above big oral cone flanked by five-segmented antennules. Thorax with arched dorsal margin, with small hump in posterior part but without distinct segmentation, with clusters of rudimentary uniramous thoracopods (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D44DAFAA5FF61FA2D" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen with massive first segment bearing long penis and vestigial rear part (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D440CFA67FDA4FA0E" box="[539,634,1448,1470]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C6F80AB56FF9D4686FB1CFB19FAB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8152418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152418/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789" startId="22.[145,223,1235,1257]" targetBox="[305,1265,195,1201]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB56FF9D4686FB1CFB19FAB4" blockId="22.[145,1425,1235,1287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB56FF9D4686FB1CFED8FB5B" bold="true" box="[145,262,1235,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB56FF9D4706FB1BFE72FB5A" authority="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan, 2023" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[273,428,1235,1257]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="789" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB56FF9D4706FB1BFE72FB5A" box="[273,428,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Petrarca rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145E61AB56FF9D47A5FB1CFDDFFB5A" box="[434,513,1235,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="789" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB56FF9346BEFA09FDE2FAF6" blockId="22.[145,762,1356,1899]" lastBlockId="24.[145,762,837,1871]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="791" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">
Antennules somewhat prehensile, with little armament (external sculpture) on two distal segments (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D468DF9CBFED5F9AA" box="[154,267,1540,1562]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4709F9CBFE91F9AA" box="[286,335,1540,1561]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">23A</figureCitation>
). First segment irregularly rectangular, narrowing somewhat distally; second segment rectangular; third segment almost triangular, narrowing toward lower/ventral margin; fourth segment slightly longer than wide, with slightly curved ventral margin, short distal seta inserted at anteriodorsal corner (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D47AEF973FD98F962" box="[441,582,1724,1746]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20A, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4442F973FD7BF962" box="[597,677,1724,1745]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">23A, B</figureCitation>
). Fifth segment rectangular, narrowing towards distal end, shorter and narrower than fourth and armed with sensory and grasping structures, ventral/postaxial margin uneven, dorsal/preaxial margin concave (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D468DF89AFEFDF8D9" box="[154,291,1877,1899]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4726F89AFE44F8D9" box="[305,410,1877,1898]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">23A, C–I</figureCitation>
). Short, massive curved claw with smooth concave margin arising from distal end of segment. Three rudimentary setae at base of claw and to each side (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4217FA46FB52FA2D" box="[1024,1164,1417,1439]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D428CFA46FB17FA2D" box="[1179,1225,1417,1438]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">23E</figureCitation>
); tiny pores (six to eight) on inner and outer lateral sides (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4335FA67FCE5FA68" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D455CFA09FC40FA6F" box="[843,926,1478,1500]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">23C, D</figureCitation>
). Claw sheathed by large, hood-shaped, oval claw guard on posteriodistal corner (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4337FA2AFCE5F9AA" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D455AF9CBFCA0F9AA" box="[845,894,1540,1561]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">23A</figureCitation>
); claw guard with three vestigial, distal setae each with a terminal pore (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D42D2F9EDFAF0F984" box="[1221,1326,1570,1592]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Fig. 23H</figureCitation>
); developed subterminal aesthetasc almost half as long as claw guard, terminating with three long outgrowths and rudimentary subterminal seta; rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D429CF952FAC9F901" box="[1163,1303,1693,1715]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Fig. 23F, G</figureCitation>
). Ventral (postaxial) margin of fifth segment and claw guard with wrinkled cuticle bearing tiny pores (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4333F915FA5FF95C" box="[1316,1409,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-25@26.[145,1425,195,1583]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 23. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, antennules, SEM. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, tiny pores (circled) on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. D, double pores on lateral surface of terminal (fifth) antennular segment. E, rudimentary setae (indicated by arrowheads) at base of claw, fifth antennular segment. F, aesthetasc on claw guard (rudimentary seta at base of aesthetasc indicated by arrowhead). G, rudimentary subterminal seta (indicated by arrowhead) of aesthetasc of claw guard. H, rudimentary terminal setae of claw guard (indicated by arrowheads). I, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152426/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Fig. 23I</figureCitation>
). Oral cone prominent, consisting of massive labrum underlaid posteriorly with massive, fused maxillae, unpaired medial languette and paired mandibles and maxillules (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D4214F89AFB4DF8D9" box="[1027,1171,1877,1899]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">Figs 20E–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D42B0F89AFB06F8D9" box="[1191,1240,1877,1898]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">22E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB56FF9D42FAF89AFAD4F8D9" box="[1261,1290,1877,1898]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="789">24</figureCitation>
). Massive prow-shaped labrum with short posteriolateral extensions, leaving maxillae largely exposed, dense ctenoid scales on the exterior (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934416FC4DFDBBFC24" box="[513,613,898,920]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
). Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF93468EFC6EFEC1FC05" box="[153,287,929,951]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 20F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF93473AFC6EFEA0FC05" box="[301,382,929,950]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">24B–D</figureCitation>
) elongated, outer/upper margin with dense, thin setae in the middle, cutting edge straight, with 20 sharp, simple or rarely bifid teeth and three small spinules(or reduced setae?) in the middle. Maxillules (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934795FBD3FE31FB82" box="[386,495,1052,1074]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 20H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9347E9FBD3FD8EFB82" box="[510,592,1052,1073]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">24E–H</figureCitation>
) with sclerotized, triangular distal parts, inner margin with ~27 teeth, teeth in upper half with blunt tips, while those in lower half smaller, irregular, with spiniform tips and tending to form two irregular rows; dense basal pores forming ‘pore-field’ (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9347D0FB7AFDF3FB79" box="[455,557,1205,1227]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 24H</figureCitation>
). Fused maxillae (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF93468EFB1BFF26FB5A" box="[153,248,1236,1258]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[188,1417,195,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 20I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934712FB1BFE92FB5A" box="[261,332,1236,1257]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">24I–K</figureCitation>
) with dense ctenoid scales on lateral surfaces (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934712FB3DFEB4FAB4" box="[261,362,1266,1288]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 24K</figureCitation>
), distal ends with rounded zones of sclerotized, thick and wrinkled cuticle without denticles, pores or setules (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9347D8FAFFFDF3FAF6" box="[463,557,1328,1350]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[163,241,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-26@27.[205,1401,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal ‘pore-field’ of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152428/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 24J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C6F80AB57FF9C46B4F912FF39F8DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8152420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152420/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="790" startId="23.[163,243,1757,1779]" targetBox="[189,1415,196,1725]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB57FF9C46B4F912FF39F8DA" blockId="23.[163,1444,1757,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C46B4F912FEC5F941" bold="true" box="[163,283,1757,1779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB57FF9C4730F911FE18F940" authority="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan, 2023" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[295,454,1757,1779]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="23" pageNumber="790" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C4730F911FE18F940" box="[295,454,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">Petrarca rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145E61AB57FF9C47DAF912FDC0F940" box="[461,542,1757,1779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="790" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C4756F8F9FE86F8F8" box="[321,344,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">ae</emphasis>
, aesthetasc;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C47CAF8FAFE31F8F8" box="[477,495,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">cl</emphasis>
, claw;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C4422F8FAFD8DF8F8" box="[565,595,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">clg</emphasis>
, claw guard;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C44CBF8FAFD26F8F8" box="[732,760,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">ml</emphasis>
, medial languette;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C45D7F8F9FC01F8F8" box="[960,991,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">mo</emphasis>
, mouth opening;
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB57FF9C4284F8F9FB76F8F8" box="[1171,1192,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="790">oe</emphasis>
, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C6F80AB58FF934685FD0CFE08FCA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8152422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" startId="24.[146,224,707,729]" targetBox="[260,1310,198,671]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB58FF934685FD0CFE08FCA0" blockId="24.[145,1425,707,787]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934685FD0CFED8FD6B" bold="true" box="[146,262,707,729]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934707FD0BFE77FD6B" authority="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan, 2023" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,425,707,729]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934707FD0BFE77FD6B" box="[272,425,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Petrarca rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145E61AB58FF9347B8FD0CFE22FD6A" box="[431,508,707,729]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen. A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB58FF9346BEFA81FED6F9C4" blockId="24.[145,762,837,1871]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">
Six pairs of thoracopods; thoracopods 2–6 uniramous, unsegmented, grouped in cluster and arranged in an unorderly sequence in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934454FA43FD72FA12" box="[579,684,1420,1442]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="24.[146,224,707,729]" captionTargetBox="[260,1310,198,671]" captionTargetId="figure-620@24.[257,1313,195,677]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen.A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 21B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9344ACFA43FD34FA12" box="[699,746,1420,1441]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">22E</figureCitation>
). Thoracopod 1 setiform (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9347BBFA65FDC8FA0C" box="[428,534,1450,1472]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="24.[146,224,707,729]" captionTargetBox="[260,1310,198,671]" captionTargetId="figure-620@24.[257,1313,195,677]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen.A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 21A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934433FA65FD8DFA73" box="[548,595,1450,1472]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="28.[145,223,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-233@28.[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 25. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, thoracopods and penis, SEM. A, thoracopod 1. B, ctenoid scales on thoracopod 3. C, rudimentary abdomen, ventral side. D, distal end of penis. Abbreviations: pe, penis (base); rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp1, thoracopod 1. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152430/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">25A</figureCitation>
); thoracopods 2–4 conical, longer and wider than thoracopods 5 and 6. Batteries of ampuliform seminal receptacles (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF93468EF9C9FF25F9A8" box="[153,251,1542,1564]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="24.[146,224,707,729]" captionTargetBox="[260,1310,198,671]" captionTargetId="figure-620@24.[257,1313,195,677]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen.A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
) associated with thoracopods 2–5 (~18–20, 20–22, 12 and 9 receptacles, respectively). Cuticle of thoracopods 2–6 with dense and long ctenoid scales (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF93468EF9ADFF27F9CB" box="[153,249,1634,1656]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="28.[145,223,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-233@28.[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 25. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, thoracopods and penis, SEM. A, thoracopod 1. B, ctenoid scales on thoracopod 3. C, rudimentary abdomen, ventral side. D, distal end of penis. Abbreviations: pe, penis (base); rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp1, thoracopod 1. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152430/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB58FF9346BEF94EFC00FCCA" blockId="24.[145,762,837,1871]" lastBlockId="24.[809,1425,837,889]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">
Long (~0.8–1.0 mm) and massive, terminally bifid penis originates from large first abdominal segment (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF93468DF971FEDCF960" box="[154,258,1726,1748]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="25.[163,241,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[255,1349,195,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[254,1352,195,1611]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM.A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152424/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
). Shaft of penis supports two relatively small, rounded cylindrical rami about 200–250 µm long; distal part of penis, including rami, bearing numerous short but wide conical setae (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934452F8D5FD73F89C" box="[581,685,1818,1840]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="24.[146,224,707,729]" captionTargetBox="[260,1310,198,671]" captionTargetId="figure-620@24.[257,1313,195,677]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen.A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 21D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9344ACF8D5FD34F883" box="[699,746,1818,1840]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="28.[145,223,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-233@28.[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 25. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, thoracopods and penis, SEM. A, thoracopod 1. B, ctenoid scales on thoracopod 3. C, rudimentary abdomen, ventral side. D, distal end of penis. Abbreviations: pe, penis (base); rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp1, thoracopod 1. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152430/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">25D</figureCitation>
). Rest of abdomen vestigial, consisting of two indistinct segments; posterior end of abdomen with shallow cleft (
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF934526FCACFC4AFCCA" box="[817,916,867,889]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="24.[146,224,707,729]" captionTargetBox="[260,1310,198,671]" captionTargetId="figure-620@24.[257,1313,195,677]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen.A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152422/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Figs 21C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1368238DAB58FF9345B5FCACFC11FCCA" box="[930,975,867,889]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="28.[145,223,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-233@28.[305,1265,195,1266]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 25. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, thoracopods and penis, SEM. A, thoracopod 1. B, ctenoid scales on thoracopod 3. C, rudimentary abdomen, ventral side. D, distal end of penis. Abbreviations: pe, penis (base); rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp1, thoracopod 1. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8152430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8152430/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">25C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB58FF93453EFC6DFB7DFA11" blockId="24.[809,1426,930,1535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF93453EFC6DFC46FC04" box="[809,920,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Remarks:</emphasis>
The new species
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF93427AFC6CFAC5FC04" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[1133,1307,930,952]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF93427AFC6CFAC5FC04" box="[1133,1307,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Petrarca rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to the other three congeners,
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934282FC0EFAD4FC65" authorityName="Grygier, 1985: 1036 -" authorityYear="1038" box="[1173,1290,961,982]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morula">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934282FC0EFAD4FC65" box="[1173,1290,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. morula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF93430DFC0EFA4FFC65" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1991" box="[1306,1425,961,982]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goanna">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF93430DFC0EFA4FFC65" box="[1306,1425,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. goanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934576FC2FFC38FC46" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[865,998,992,1013]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nozaaeai">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934576FC2FFC38FC46" box="[865,998,992,1013]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. nozaaeai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in utilizing
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934299FC10FAC9FC47" box="[1166,1303,991,1012]" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Turbinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934299FC10FAC9FC47" box="[1166,1303,991,1012]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Turbinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
corals as hosts. These species are characterized by the large lumpy inflations of the carapace, which are absent in other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934216FBF3FBBBFBE2" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1889" box="[1025,1125,1084,1105]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934216FBF3FBBBFBE2" box="[1025,1125,1084,1105]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Petrarca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF9342FAFBF3FA80FBE2" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1991" box="[1261,1374,1084,1105]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goanna">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF9342FAFBF3FA80FBE2" box="[1261,1374,1084,1105]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. goanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF93453EFB94FC54FBDC" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[809,906,1114,1136]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF93453EFB94FC54FBDC" box="[809,906,1114,1136]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represent a complex of cryptic species and can only be distinguished by a few ultrastructural details: (1) the presence of numerous large, long conical papillae on the anterioventral part of carapace in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF9345A9FB1AFBFCFB59" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[958,1058,1237,1258]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF9345A9FB1AFBFCFB59" box="[958,1058,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(only a few in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF9342CCFB1AFA8CFB59" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1991" box="[1243,1362,1237,1258]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goanna">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF9342CCFB1AFA8CFB59" box="[1243,1362,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. goanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and papillae on the external lateral surface of carapace (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF9345AFFADCFBE8FA9B" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1991" box="[952,1078,1299,1320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goanna">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF9345AFFADCFBE8FA9B" box="[952,1078,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. goanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (2) the ultrastructure of antennular aesthetasc having three long terminal outgrowths in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF9345C0FA9FFBE6FAD7" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[983,1080,1359,1381]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF9345C0FA9FFBE6FAD7" box="[983,1080,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead of four in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934300FA9FFA54FAD6" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1991" box="[1303,1418,1360,1381]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goanna">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934300FA9FFA54FAD6" box="[1303,1418,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. goanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and (3) rounded cylindrical rami of penis in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934326FAA0FA4EFA30" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[1329,1424,1390,1412]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934326FAA0FA4EFA30" box="[1329,1424,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but squarish rami in
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF93423FFA42FB45FA11" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1991" box="[1064,1179,1421,1442]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goanna">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF93423FFA42FB45FA11" box="[1064,1179,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. goanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB58FF934556FA63FAA3FA4C" blockId="24.[809,1426,930,1535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934556FA63FC3FFA73" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[833,993,1451,1473]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubus">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934556FA63FC3FFA73" box="[833,993,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">Petrarca rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF93427FFA63FB11FA73" authorityName="Grygier, 1985: 1036 -" authorityYear="1038" box="[1128,1231,1451,1473]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morula">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF93427FFA63FB11FA73" box="[1128,1231,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. morula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C53448BAB58FF934314FA63FAA8FA72" authorityName="Kolbasov &amp; Savchenko &amp; Yu &amp; Tsao &amp; Ganmanee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="2023" box="[1283,1398,1452,1473]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Petrarcidae" genus="Petrarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Laurida" pageId="24" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nozaaeai">
<emphasis id="B927E31AAB58FF934314FA63FAA8FA72" box="[1283,1398,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">P. nozaaeai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having radial ribs and a crenulated margin of the carapace valves and the presence of bifid teeth on the mandibles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3F08AB58FF9345D5F9FFFB29F9FA" blockId="24.[962,1271,1584,1609]" box="[962,1271,1584,1609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="791">MOLECULAR ANALYSIS</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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