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<document id="42B9324BE67C55EA85D5E11CE9872763" ID-CLB-Dataset="46012" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279099" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93b314ea-12d6-4d7d-b215-df156288876d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279099" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460408415415" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lenis, Carolina &amp; Vélez, Imelda" docDate="2011" docId="03DA8785FFC9FFC2FF3F0E03809EFE04" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03095p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3095" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nematophila argentinum Cordero &amp; Vogelsang 1940, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFE3FFFDFFC1FFC8FFA80F6C844DFFA8" masterDocTitle="Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698300145209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5250DA94EE9D2FBB10C8F93EE572E237">Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E0C59BF5A6C3BDEAA8821B18BBDCDE2">Lenis, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C645A68BA6FCF53BA8B98F07FD4E8B2">Vélez, Imelda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5ED9B4B0B0A817B29970C8616E285AFD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="333B73100AF10C178650D92E12A89DFC">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="502E6A7A870B73EF9EDBE159C79CAFB0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E74701E1CDA0BAFE7163225AD1C2DF80">3095</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AF56459AB90D0A2CEC32157B1A30B51E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279099</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DA8785FFC9FFC2FF3F0E03809EFE04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6193168" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6193168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA8785FFC9FFC2FF3F0E03809EFE04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA8785FFC9FFC2FF3F0E03809EFE04" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="C3696518FFC9FFC0FF3F0E038087FD09" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF3F0E0387E1FE21" blockId="8.[151,940,367,426]" box="[151,940,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D08481FFFFC9FFC0FF3F0E0387E1FE21" bold="true" box="[151,940,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF3F0E0387E1FE21" bold="true" box="[151,940,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF3F0E038777FE21" authority="Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940" authorityName="Cordero &amp; Vogelsang" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,826,367,393]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF3F0E038585FE21" bold="true" box="[151,456,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nematophila argentinum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FE7F0E03877FFE21" author="Cordero" box="[471,818,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Cordero, E. H. &amp; Vogelsang, E. G. (1940) Nuevos Trematodos II. Cuatro &quot; Paramphistomidae &quot; de los quelonios Sudamericanos. Revista de Veterinaria y Parasitologia, 2, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1940">Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC9FFC0FCE90E0387E1FE21" box="[833,940,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF3F0EFE84A6FE02" blockId="8.[151,940,367,426]" box="[151,235,402,426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC9FFC0FF370EFE84AEFE02" box="[159,227,402,426]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[212,1405,459,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,445,1907]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nematophila argentinum n. comb. a. Mature specimen collected from T. c. callirostris, Colombia; pharyngeal sacs extramural and testes oblique. Scale 2 mm. b-c-d. Details of genitalia, sagital section, scale 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279105/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF3F0EB78766FE59" blockId="8.[151,811,474,497]" box="[151,811,474,497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
(Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF7B0EB68768FE59" authority="Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940" authorityName="Cordero &amp; Vogelsang" authorityYear="1940" box="[211,805,474,497]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Paramphistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF7B0EB6864CFE58" box="[211,513,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Paramphistomum argentinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FDA00EB68768FE59" author="Cordero" box="[520,805,474,497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Cordero, E. H. &amp; Vogelsang, E. G. (1940) Nuevos Trematodos II. Cuatro &quot; Paramphistomidae &quot; de los quelonios Sudamericanos. Revista de Veterinaria y Parasitologia, 2, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1940">Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF3F0D718718FD9D" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" box="[151,853,541,565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF3F0D718495FD9D" bold="true" box="[151,216,541,565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Host:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF770D718718FD9D" box="[223,853,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF770D718582FD9D" box="[223,463,541,565]" class="Reptilia" family="Podocnemididae" genus="Podocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lewyana">Podocnemis lewyana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FE720D718718FD9D" box="[474,853,541,565]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="callirostris" subSpecies="callirostris">Trachemys callirostris callirostris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF6F0D2C8675FDF1" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" box="[199,568,576,602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF6F0D2C85C6FDF1" bold="true" box="[199,395,576,601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Large intestine
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF6F0D098151FDD5" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" box="[199,1308,613,638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF6F0D09850EFDD6" bold="true" box="[199,323,613,638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Localities:</emphasis>
San Nicolás (
<geoCoordinate id="EE475054FFC9FFC0FE490D09863BFDD5" box="[481,630,613,637]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="1" value="9.138111">9° 8'17.20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE475054FFC9FFC0FD2A0D098760FDD5" box="[642,813,613,637]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="1" value="-74.64983">
74°38'59.42&quot;
<collectingCountry id="F3647603FFC9FFC0FCB00D098760FDD5" box="[792,813,613,637]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
</geoCoordinate>
); Coyongal (
<geoCoordinate id="EE475054FFC9FFC0FC150D098014FDD5" box="[957,1113,613,637]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="1" value="8.919723">8°55'11.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE475054FFC9FFC0FBCC0D09815DFDD5" box="[1124,1296,613,637]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" precision="1" value="-74.49035">
74°29'25.26&quot;
<collectingCountry id="F3647603FFC9FFC0FB530D09815DFDD5" box="[1275,1296,613,637]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF6F0DE58087FD09" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" box="[199,1226,649,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF6F0DE585E6FD0A" bold="true" box="[199,427,649,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Accesion numbers:</emphasis>
CCH.116 (112; 129) in
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FD120DE6877EFD09" box="[698,819,649,673]" class="Reptilia" family="Podocnemididae" genus="Podocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lewyana">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FD120DE6877EFD09" box="[698,819,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">P. lewyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; CCH.116 (128) in
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FBBB0DE68087FD09" box="[1043,1226,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FBBB0DE6808AFD09" box="[1043,1223,649,673]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="callirostris" subSpecies="callirostris">T. c. callirostris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696518FFC9FFC0FF6F0DC186CFFBF9" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF6F0DC186CFFBF9" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF6F0DC1853BFD6E" bold="true" box="[199,374,685,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Redescription:</emphasis>
based on 13 individuals. Body large, oval, maximum width at level of testis, 10.14–15.62 (12.40 ± 1.68) long by 4.06–5.38 (4.58 ± 0.44) wide. Pharynx 0.82–1.57 (1.17 ± 0.20) long by 0.82–1.20 (1.06 ± 0.10) wide; extramural pharyngeal sacs. Esophagus medium, 0.62–1.41 (1.01 ± 0.28) long by 0.16–0.20 (0.19 ± 0.01) wide; esophageal bulb 0.58–0.84 (0.74 ± 0.09) long by 0.22–0.38 (0.29 ± 0.06) wide. Testes lobed, oblique, overlap caeca laterally, anterior testis preequatorial 0.22–0.71 (0.42 ± 0.18) long by 0.19–0.86 (0.45 ± 0.21) wide; posterior testis postequatorial, 10.2–0.78 (0.40 ± 0.18) long by 0.26–0.64 (0.44 ± 0.14) wide. Cirrus–sac circular, small, immediately postbifurcal, 0.16–0.23 (0.20 ± 0.02) long by 0.17–0.26 (0.21 ± 0.03) wide. Vitelline follicles in two lateral extracaecal fields from level of oesphageal bulb to level of acetabulum. Ovary round to oval, small to medium, smooth contour to slightly lobed, intercaecal to level of caecal ends, 0.31–0.63 (0.39 ± 0.10) long by 0.24–0.59 (0.43 ± 0.11) wide. Uterus intercaecal, passes between testes. Eggs numerous, 124–169 (146 ± 12) long by 82–119 (96 ± 10) wide. Acetabulum round, medium compared to the body, subterminal, 11.83–2.49 (2.29 ± 0.22) long by 1.91–2.75 (2.31 ± 0.23) wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696518FFC9FFC2FF6F0B31809EFE04" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF6F0B3181D1FAD9" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF6F0B318570FBDD" bold="true" box="[199,317,1117,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Remarks:</emphasis>
The original descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FD290B318711FBDD" box="[641,860,1117,1141]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FD290B318711FBDD" box="[641,860,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nematophila ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FCC20B3180D3FBDD" box="[874,1182,1117,1141]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Allassostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="venezuelensis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FCC20B3180D3FBDD" box="[874,1182,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Allassostoma venezuelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FB7D0B31855AFB31" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Paramphistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FB7D0B31855AFB31" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Paramphistomum argentinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are based on one or two flukes, are incomplete, and there is no evidence found of
<typeStatus id="54C88831FFC9FFC0FB4E0BEE815BFB32" box="[1254,1302,1154,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
specimens. Additionally their authors mention that these species were assigned to known genus, only provisionally, because the morphological characters are not entirely congruent with the genus assigned (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FBFF0BA581DDFB49" author="Cordero" box="[1111,1424,1225,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Cordero, E. H. &amp; Vogelsang, E. G. (1940) Nuevos Trematodos II. Cuatro &quot; Paramphistomidae &quot; de los quelonios Sudamericanos. Revista de Veterinaria y Parasitologia, 2, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1940">Cordero &amp; Vogelsang 1940</bibRefCitation>
). Later,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FF4A0B8185A4FAAD" box="[226,489,1261,1285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Caballero, E. C., Zerecero, M. C. &amp; Grocott, R. (1959) Helmintos de la Republica de Panama. XXI. Algunos trematodos de quelonios de agua dulce (2 ª parte). Anales del Instituto Biologia Mexico, 29, 181 - 202." type="journal article">
Caballero
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FEF10B8285D8FAAD" box="[345,405,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
(1959)
</bibRefCitation>
synonymized these species with
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FCC60B81849FFA81" authority="(Diesing, 1839) Travassos, 1934" authorityName="(Diesing, 1839) Travassos" authorityYear="1934" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FCC60B818012FAAD" box="[878,1119,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nematophila grandis</emphasis>
(Diesing, 1839)
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FA8E0B82849FFA81" author="Travassos" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Travassos, L. (1934) Synopse dos Paramphistomoidea. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 29, 85 - 87." type="journal article" year="1934">Travassos, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on similarities of the oral sucker, pharynx and pharyngeal sacs, cirrus–sac, shape and distribution of reproductive organs and vitelline follicles. The most recent works of parasites of Southamerican turtles, recognizes to
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF1B0A368567FAD9" box="[179,298,1369,1393]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF1B0A368567FAD9" box="[179,298,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">N. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the only species of genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FDDC0A358704FAD9" author="Dyer" box="[628,841,1369,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Dyer, W. G. &amp; Carr, J. L. (1990) Some digeneans of the Neotropical turtle genus Rhinoclemmys in Mexico and South America. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 57, 12 - 14" type="journal article" year="1990">Dyer &amp; Carr, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FCFD0A358021FAD9" author="Salizar" box="[853,1132,1369,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Salizar, P. &amp; Sanchez, L. (2004) Primer registro para el Peru de Nematophila grandis (Diesing, 1839) Travassos, 1934 (Trematoda, Diplodiscidae) en Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae). Revista Peruana de Biologia, 11, 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="2004">Salízar &amp; Sánchez, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FBDE0A3581DCFAD9" author="Lunaschi" box="[1142,1425,1369,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Lunaschi, L. I. &amp; Drago, F. B. (2007) Checklist of digenean parasites of amphibians and reptiles from Argentina. Zootaxa, 1476, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2007">Lunaschi &amp; Drago, 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC0FF6F0A1186E8F8C1" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
During this taxonomic survey of Schizamphistominae from the Colombian specimens, we founded that
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FAE20A128535FA11" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FAE20A1284F9FA11" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ovalis">N. ovalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF680ACD8535FA11" box="[192,376,1441,1465]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Allassostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="venezuelensis">A. venezuelensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FE190ACE87E9FA11" authority="Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940" authorityName="Cordero &amp; Vogelsang" authorityYear="1940" box="[433,932,1441,1465]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Paramphistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FE190ACE8600FA11" box="[433,589,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">P. argentinum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FDF50ACD87D6FA11" author="Cordero" box="[605,923,1441,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Cordero, E. H. &amp; Vogelsang, E. G. (1940) Nuevos Trematodos II. Cuatro &quot; Paramphistomidae &quot; de los quelonios Sudamericanos. Revista de Veterinaria y Parasitologia, 2, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1940">Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
are valid species, and as a result we suggest transfer
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF5D0AAA8517FA75" box="[245,346,1477,1501]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF5D0AAA8517FA75" box="[245,346,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">N. ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FE280AA98613FA75" box="[384,606,1477,1501]" clade="Digenea" class="Trematoda" family="Cladorchiidae" genus="Pseudonematophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov." subFamily="Schizamphistominae" superOrder="Neodermata">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FE280AA98613FA75" box="[384,606,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Pseudonematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FDCF0AA986FAFA75" bold="true" box="[615,695,1477,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC9FFC0FDCF0AA986FAFA75" box="[615,695,1477,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and transfer
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FCFD0AA98043FA75" box="[853,1038,1477,1501]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Allassostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="venezuelensis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FCFD0AA98043FA75" box="[853,1038,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. venezuelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FBE00AAA80A9FA75" box="[1096,1252,1478,1501]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Paramphistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FBE00AAA80A9FA75" box="[1096,1252,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">P. argentinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FAA30AA981D1FA75" box="[1291,1436,1477,1501]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FAA30AA981D1FA75" box="[1291,1436,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus. Therefore, we emended here the subfamily diagnosis to include the traits of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FB970A858153F9A9" box="[1087,1310,1513,1537]" clade="Digenea" class="Trematoda" family="Cladorchiidae" genus="Pseudonematophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov." subFamily="Schizamphistominae" superOrder="Neodermata">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FB970A858153F9A9" box="[1087,1310,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Pseudonematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC9FFC0FA8C0A8681D1F9AA" box="[1316,1436,1514,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF6E0961851BF98D" box="[198,342,1549,1573]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF6E0961851BF98D" box="[198,342,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We suggest the creation of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FD3A0961873DF98D" box="[658,880,1549,1573]" clade="Digenea" class="Trematoda" family="Cladorchiidae" genus="Pseudonematophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov." subFamily="Schizamphistominae" superOrder="Neodermata">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FD3A0961873DF98D" box="[658,880,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Pseudonematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FCDF0961878BF98D" bold="true" box="[887,966,1549,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC9FFC0FCDF0961878BF98D" box="[887,966,1549,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from the Colombian flukes, because have a genital sucker bifurcal (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC9FFC0FE6C095D8649F9E1" box="[452,516,1585,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[180,1409,796,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,772,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. from Podocnemis lewyana, Colombia. a. Specimen adult, ventral view. Scale 1 mm. b. Details of genital sucker and genitalia with the cirrus everted, sagital section. Scale 0.25 mm. c. Details of genitalia and tegumentary papillae. Scale 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279101/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Fig 2</figureCitation>
a
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FDB8095E8653F9E1" box="[528,542,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">–</emphasis>
b), and numerous tegumental papillae from the posterior level of the genital sucker to the posterior end of the body (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC9FFC0FDC8093986D0F9C5" box="[608,669,1621,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[362,1227,224,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[311,1275,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. a. Adult specimen, testes lobed with few threadlike extensions and numerous vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. b. Immature specimen, testes branched in numerous threadlike extensions and few vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. c. Ventral papillae in middle region of body, its number and size increase towards the acetabulum, sagital section. d. Papillae distribution in hindbody, ventral view. e. Detail of genital sucker, sagital section. f. Genitalia with the cirrus everted, oesophageal bulb, sagital section. Scale 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279102/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Fig 3</figureCitation>
c–d). A new genus was necessary because these traits had not been described before for this subfamily. The genital sucker is a trait present in different subfamilies of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FB5709158515F91D" authority="Fischoeder, 1901" authorityName="Fischoeder" authorityYear="1901" class="Trematoda" family="Cladorchiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cladorchiidae Fischoeder, 1901</taxonomicName>
, and the presence of tegumental papillae on anterior extremity has been reported in Schizamphistominae, in the genus
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FE3709AD8655F971" box="[415,536,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Stunkardia</emphasis>
Bhalerao, 1931,
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FD4D09AD873DF971" box="[741,880,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Elseyatrema</emphasis>
Rohde, 1984,
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FB8909AD80DEF971" box="[1057,1171,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Halltrema</emphasis>
Lent &amp; Freitas, 1939,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF3F098985B9F955" authority="Caballero, 1934" authorityName="Caballero" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,500,1765,1789]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Parachiorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF3F0989857AF955" box="[151,311,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Parachiorchis</emphasis>
Caballero, 1934
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FD870989879BF955" authority="Stunkard, 1925" authorityName="Stunkard" authorityYear="1925" box="[559,982,1765,1789]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Schizamphistomoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FD870989876DF955" box="[559,800,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Schizamphistomoides</emphasis>
Stunkard, 1925
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FBBD098A80D7F955" author="Jones" box="[1045,1178,1765,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Jones, A. (2005) Family Cladorchiidae Fischoeder, 1901. In: Keys to the Trematoda. Volume 2, Jones. A., Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. (eds.). CABI Publishing and The Natural History Museum, London, UK, p. 185 - 188." type="journal article" year="2005">Jones 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The generic name of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FF3F08658538F889" box="[151,373,1801,1825]" clade="Digenea" class="Trematoda" family="Cladorchiidae" genus="Pseudonematophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. nov." subFamily="Schizamphistominae" superOrder="Neodermata">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FF3F08658538F889" box="[151,373,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Pseudonematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FED408668587F88A" bold="true" box="[380,458,1802,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC9FFC0FED408668587F88A" box="[380,458,1802,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, is given because the
<typeStatus id="54C88831FFC9FFC0FD17086686A2F88A" box="[703,751,1802,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
species (
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FCFF086687FCF889" box="[855,945,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">P. o v a l i s</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FC140866806FF88A" bold="true" box="[956,1058,1802,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">n. comb.</emphasis>
), shares more morphological features with
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FEA5084185D3F8ED" box="[269,414,1837,1861]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FEA5084185D3F8ED" box="[269,414,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nematophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than with any other genus of Schizamphistominae (distribution of the reproductive organs, oral sucker, acetabulum and vitelline follicles).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC9FFC1FF6F081A85A1FE2F" blockId="8.[151,1437,541,2005]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,391]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
It should be noted that in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC9FFC0FC9F08198029F825" box="[823,1124,1909,1933]" clade="Digenea" class="Trematoda" family="Cladorchiidae" genus="Pseudonematophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ovalis" status="gen. nov." subFamily="Schizamphistominae" superOrder="Neodermata">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FC9F08198029F825" box="[823,1124,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Pseudonematophila ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FBC70819808FF825" bold="true" box="[1135,1218,1909,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC9FFC0FBC70819808FF825" box="[1135,1218,1909,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC9FFC0FB7C08198173F825" bold="true" box="[1236,1342,1909,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">n. comb.</emphasis>
did not include tegumental papillae, pharyngeal sacs and eggs, and was performed on one immature individual (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC9FFC0FA8A08F5851BF87D" author="Cordero" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Cordero, E. H. &amp; Vogelsang, E. G. (1940) Nuevos Trematodos II. Cuatro &quot; Paramphistomidae &quot; de los quelonios Sudamericanos. Revista de Veterinaria y Parasitologia, 2, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1940">Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, 1940</bibRefCitation>
). It differ from
<collectingCountry id="F3647603FFC9FFC0FDA108D18635F87D" box="[521,632,1981,2005]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Colombia</collectingCountry>
specimens the length of the caeca and in the shape and location of the ovary. In the Venezuelan specimen the caeca ends close to the anterior margin of the acetabulum and the ovary is small, irregular and intercaecal (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC8FFC1FDAE0FD08604FF7C" box="[518,585,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[254,1229,254,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1673]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen., n. comb., adapted from Cordero &amp; Vogelsang, (1940) Inmature specimen, ventral view. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279100/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), while in the Colombian specimens, the caeca ends in the second third of the body, the ovary is small, oval to lobed shaped, and is located between the posterior testis and the acetabulum, to the level where the caeca ends (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC8FFC1FE560E68860DFEB4" box="[510,576,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[362,1227,224,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[311,1275,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. a. Adult specimen, testes lobed with few threadlike extensions and numerous vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. b. Immature specimen, testes branched in numerous threadlike extensions and few vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. c. Ventral papillae in middle region of body, its number and size increase towards the acetabulum, sagital section. d. Papillae distribution in hindbody, ventral view. e. Detail of genital sucker, sagital section. f. Genitalia with the cirrus everted, oesophageal bulb, sagital section. Scale 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
b). Our observations in individuals from different ages suggest that the level where the caeca ends can be variable, especially between the anterior and posterior region of the ovary (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC8FFC1FA8D0E4B812AFE97" box="[1317,1383,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[362,1227,224,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[311,1275,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. a. Adult specimen, testes lobed with few threadlike extensions and numerous vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. b. Immature specimen, testes branched in numerous threadlike extensions and few vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. c. Ventral papillae in middle region of body, its number and size increase towards the acetabulum, sagital section. d. Papillae distribution in hindbody, ventral view. e. Detail of genital sucker, sagital section. f. Genitalia with the cirrus everted, oesophageal bulb, sagital section. Scale 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
a-b), additionally the testes are branched in threadlike extensions in immature specimens, and lobed with few threadlike extensions in adult specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0C661BFFC8FFC1FF3F08E480D7F815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279105/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[212,1405,459,1859]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC8FFC1FF3F08E480D7F815" blockId="9.[151,1436,1928,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FF3F08E4855FF835" bold="true" box="[151,274,1928,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC8FFC1FEB008E48659F836" box="[280,532,1928,1950]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FEB008E48659F836" box="[280,532,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Nematophila argentinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FDB208E586C3F836" bold="true" box="[538,654,1929,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFC8FFC1FDB208E5863BF836" box="[538,630,1929,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
a.
</emphasis>
Mature specimen collected from
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC8FFC1FC4908E58033F836" box="[993,1150,1928,1950]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="callirostris" subSpecies="callirostris">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FC4908E58033F836" box="[993,1150,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">T. c. callirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Colombia; pharyngeal sacs extramural and testes oblique. Scale 2 mm.
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FDF908CB86DDF814" bold="true" box="[593,656,1959,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">b-c-d.</emphasis>
Details of genitalia, sagital section, scale 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFC8FFC1FF6F08AA81D1F876" blockId="9.[151,1436,1928,2014]" box="[199,1436,1990,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
The diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC8FFC1FE2E08AA86E0F876" authority="Jones 2005" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="2005" box="[390,685,1990,2014]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FE2E08AA865AF876" box="[390,535,1990,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Nematophila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFC8FFC1FD8D08AA86E9F876" author="Jones" box="[549,676,1990,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Jones, A. (2005) Family Cladorchiidae Fischoeder, 1901. In: Keys to the Trematoda. Volume 2, Jones. A., Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. (eds.). CABI Publishing and The Natural History Museum, London, UK, p. 185 - 188." type="journal article" year="2005">Jones 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is emended by transfering
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC8FFC1FC7108AA80C2F876" box="[985,1167,1990,2014]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Allassostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="venezuelensis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FC7108AA80C2F876" box="[985,1167,1990,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">A. venezuelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFC8FFC1FB6D08AB812DF876" box="[1221,1376,1991,2014]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFC8FFC1FB6D08AB812DF876" box="[1221,1376,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">P. argentinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFC8FFC1FAC608AA81D1F876" box="[1390,1436,1990,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[153,1404,818,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,818,1934]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Species of Nematophila Travassos, 1934. a. N. grandis adapted from Caballero et al. 1959. b. N. venezuelensis n. comb. adapted from Cordero &amp; Vogelsang (1940). c. N. argentinum n. comb. adapted from Cordero &amp; Vogelsang (1940). Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279103/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC3693FFCBFFC2FF3F0FFB809EFE04" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
4), and by including in the diagnosis the following features: tegument thick, without spines, acetabulum small or medium compared to body, terminal or subterminal ventral; extramural pharyngeal sacs; testes in tandem or oblique, lobed or branched (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFCBFFC2FE790FB38642FF5F" box="[465,527,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[153,1404,818,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,818,1934]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Species of Nematophila Travassos, 1934. a. N. grandis adapted from Caballero et al. 1959. b. N. venezuelensis n. comb. adapted from Cordero &amp; Vogelsang (1940). c. N. argentinum n. comb. adapted from Cordero &amp; Vogelsang (1940). Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279103/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Fig 4</figureCitation>
), external seminal vesicle (
<figureCitation id="13482A16FFCBFFC2FC970FB387CCFF5F" box="[831,897,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1508,1531]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,372,1450]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,330,1486]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematophila venezuelensis n. comb. a. Mature specimen collected from P. l e w y a n a, Colombia; pharyngeal sacs intramural and testes in tandem. Scale 2 mm. b-c. Details of genitalia, sagital section, scale 0.8 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a, 6a) and excretory vesicle V
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FB670F8D8090FF50" box="[1231,1245,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">–</emphasis>
shaped with pore dorsal to anterior margin of the acetabulum. It should be noted that in
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFCBFFC2FC6B0E688015FEB4" box="[963,1112,260,284]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Allassostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FC6B0E688015FEB4" box="[963,1112,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Allassostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the testes and the ovary are restricted to the middle third of the body, and the vitelline follicles are extracaecal from the anterior testis to the caecal ends and are intercaecal at the postovarian level. In the same way,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFCBFFC2FC7B0E2080D7FECC" box="[979,1178,332,356]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Paramphistomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FC7B0E2080D7FECC" box="[979,1178,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Paramphistomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
neither shows pharyngeal sacs nor esophageal bulb, and is a parasite of ruminants (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B62FFCBFFC2FC280E1C8047FE2F" author="Jones" box="[896,1034,367,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Jones, A. (2005) Family Cladorchiidae Fischoeder, 1901. In: Keys to the Trematoda. Volume 2, Jones. A., Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. (eds.). CABI Publishing and The Natural History Museum, London, UK, p. 185 - 188." type="journal article" year="2005">Jones, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Here, we provided the first key to
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FF3F0EF88563FE04" box="[151,302,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFCBFFC2FF3F0EF88566FE04" box="[151,299,404,428]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Nematophila</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which includes
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFCBFFC2FE4D0EF98616FE04" box="[485,603,404,428]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FE4D0EF98616FE04" box="[485,603,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">N. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFCBFFC2FDC10EF9876EFE04" box="[617,803,404,428]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomatidae" genus="Allassostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="venezuelensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FDC10EF9876EFE04" box="[617,803,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">N. venezuelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FC810EF887C2FE04" bold="true" box="[809,911,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFCBFFC2FC810EF887C2FE04" box="[809,911,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D10FFCBFFC2FC6E0EF9802BFE04" box="[966,1126,405,428]" class="Trematoda" family="Paramphistomidae" genus="Nematophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FC6E0EF9802BFE04" box="[966,1126,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">N. argentinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B907EA81FFCBFFC2FBC50EF8809EFE04" bold="true" box="[1133,1235,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457FAFFCBFFC2FBC50EF8809EFE04" box="[1133,1235,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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