265 lines
33 KiB
XML
265 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="3124FC6C5766B93DFC06368C3A0C250E" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A955EFF9FFDE5FB6C72A2FF86" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus rutulus McCracken & Egbert 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="81E99D317D1A8F65735DE239234DA86B">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E25AA5AB353FC9FB9B62BCE67A709618" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="392B674F5E04AFFC1C5F7B708D6E70D5">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69164B60AC50D8E7EA0FAFFE68082B23">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="15A7D1122F892831F5A137F0DFF82838" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="06B78F6DA9DD86D0990A18AEE07693C2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EFB2F3155116402F5F325142165B5E50">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="72401956BCCA9382EEBCC28676456034">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="28E50BB40E2B67AA9634F5302CBBC31E">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0B757194F11A9FB662A967F806595F69" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="55050F74668E0B94BFA0FE8AE2D07195" type="GBIF-Dataset">308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A955EFF9FFDE5FB6C72A2FF86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4433986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4433986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A955EFF9FFDE5FB6C72A2FF86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A955EFF9FFDE5FB6C72A2FF86" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955EFF99FDE5FB6C71A7FB71" box="[151,714,1255,1282]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955EFF99FDE5FB6C71A7FB71" blockId="91.[151,714,1255,1318]" box="[151,714,1255,1282]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="D0E17650955EFF99FDE5FB6C71A7FB71" bold="true" box="[151,714,1255,1282]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FDE5FB6C71A7FB71" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,714,1255,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FDE5FB6C71A7FB71" bold="true" box="[151,714,1255,1282]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FDE5FB6C720AFB71" bold="true" box="[151,359,1255,1282]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955EFF99FC1CFB6C71A7FB71" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[366,714,1256,1282]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955EFF99FDE5FA88727BFB55" box="[151,278,1292,1318]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955EFF99FDE5FA88727BFB55" blockId="91.[151,714,1255,1318]" box="[151,278,1292,1318]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB9955EFF99FDEDFA887263FB55" box="[159,270,1292,1318]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figure 37</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955EFF99FDE5FAD57634FB1A" box="[151,1369,1360,1385]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955EFF99FDE5FAD57634FB1A" blockId="91.[151,1369,1360,1385]" box="[151,1369,1360,1385]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FDE5FAD57109FB1A" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,612,1360,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FDE5FAD5722CFB1B" box="[151,321,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB61955EFF99FC3AFAD47109FB1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422368" box="[328,612,1360,1385]" collectionCode="CAS" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955EFF99FC3AFAD47109FB1A" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[328,612,1360,1385]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 60.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E955EFF99F9F5FAD577D4FB1A" box="[1159,1209,1361,1385]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type</typeStatus>
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material: CAS.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955EFF99FDE5FA137135F831" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955EFF99FDE5FA137135F831" blockId="91.[151,1437,1430,1997]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FDE5FA1372A0FBC3" bold="true" box="[151,461,1430,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB61955EFF99FCA9FA137756F86D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422321" collectingDate="1919-10" county="Access'd" location="Academy of Sciences" municipality="Type" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E955EFF99FCA9FA137102FBC2" box="[475,623,1431,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB5955EFF99FF05FA1371E1FBC2" box="[631,652,1431,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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with the following labels: ‘
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99FEB0FA137763FBC2" box="[962,1038,1431,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">L.S.Jr.</collectorName>
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U.,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99F94BFA13770AFBC2" box="[1081,1127,1431,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Lot.</collectorName>
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579,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99F9DAFA1377B6FBC2" box="[1192,1243,1431,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Sub.</collectorName>
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25’ (white label) / ‘
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99FDD8FA3F727AFBA6" box="[170,279,1467,1493]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Congress</collectorName>
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springs,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99FC0FFA3F72BBFBA6" box="[381,470,1467,1493]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Vickery</collectorName>
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col.,
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<date id="FFA8E7FC955EFF99FF66FA3F71E8FBA6" box="[532,645,1467,1493]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1919-10">
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<collectingDate id="EFEC1E14955EFF99FF66FA3F71E8FBA6" box="[532,645,1467,1493]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1919-10">Oct. 1919</collectingDate>
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</date>
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’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Stanford Univ.,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99F9F7FA3F7646FBA6" box="[1157,1323,1467,1493]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coll. L.A.C.M</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C8B9B0955EFF99F844FA3F76F0FBA6" box="[1334,1437,1467,1493]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Access’d</collectingCounty>
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1964’ (white label) / ‘
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD5B46955EFF99FCFCFA5B72A6FB8A" box="[398,459,1503,1529]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type</collectingMunicipality>
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FCA1FA5B7141FB8A" box="[467,556,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">rutulus’</emphasis>
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(red label, ‘
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FFC8FA5B707EFB8A" box="[698,787,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">rutulus’</emphasis>
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is handwritten) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FE98FA5B77CAFB8A" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[1002,1191,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FE98FA5B77CAFB8A" box="[1002,1191,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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McC & Egb.’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
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<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE955EFF99FCF0F9877294F86E" box="[386,505,1539,1565]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">California</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EC997E7955EFF99FC8FF987719CF86E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A955EFF9FFDE5FB6C72A2FF86:8EC997E7955EFF99FC8FF987719CF86E" box="[509,753,1539,1565]" county="Access'd" municipality="Type" name="Academy of Sciences" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" stateProvince="California">Academy of Sciences</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955EFF99FF89F987700FF86E" box="[763,866,1539,1565]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type No.</collectorName>
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5816’ (white label)
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</materialsCitation>
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/ ‘
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E955EFF99F921F98777ADF86E" box="[1107,1216,1539,1565]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB5955EFF99F9B4F98777B6F86E" box="[1222,1243,1539,1565]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99F993F98772BCF832" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99F993F98776F1F86E" box="[1249,1436,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955EFF99FDE5F9A372BCF832" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[151,465,1575,1601]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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’ (red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955EFF99FDB5F9CE7197F9BE" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955EFF99FDB5F9CE7197F9BE" blockId="91.[151,1437,1430,1997]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FDB5F9CE7257F817" bold="true" box="[199,314,1610,1636]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FC38F9CF7165F816" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[330,520,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FC38F9CF7165F816" box="[330,520,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, covered with parallel and fine transverse striae; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; malar space 0.6 or more times as long as height of eye; transfacial line as long as height of eye; POL longer than OOL; OOL 1.2–1.3 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli; gena not broadened behind eye; F1 as long as F2, antenna 14-segmented in females; lateral pronotum wrinkled or carinated, at least ventrally; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; tarsal claws bidentate, with a distinct and conspicuous basal lobe; first metasomal segment completely sulcate dorsally and laterally; syntergum posteriorly with a complete wide band of micropunctures extended laterally more than 1/3 of its length, weakly to not dorsodistally incised in females; and body of females with some dark surfaces, never completely yellow.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FCCFF80B7116F9DA" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[445,635,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FCCFF80B7116F9DA" box="[445,635,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically close to
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FEB0F80B772FF9DB" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[962,1090,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oneratus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FEB0F80B772FF9DB" box="[962,1090,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. oneratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whose main differences have already been treated (see the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955EFF99FF1EF8377187F9BF" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[620,746,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oneratus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955EFF99FF1EF8377187F9BF" box="[620,746,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">S. oneratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79559FF9FFDB5FF1272F2FF32" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5FF127200FEC3" blockId="92.[151,1437,150,428]" box="[199,365,150,176]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5FF127200FEC3" bold="true" box="[199,365,150,176]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5FF3E719CFEA7" blockId="92.[151,1437,150,428]" box="[199,753,186,213]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5FF3E72CEFEA7" bold="true" box="[199,419,186,212]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99559FF9EFF33FF3E71FAFEA6" box="[577,663,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5FF5A7384FFDF" blockId="92.[151,1437,150,428]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5FF5A7266FE8B" bold="true" box="[199,267,222,248]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99559FF9EFC69FF5A721DFE8B" box="[283,368,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Reddish yellow with some dark areas. Head mainly reddish yellow; frons posteriorly, ocellar area and occiput, black. Antenna yellow, the tips darker according to the original description (tips are broken). Mesosoma mainly reddish yellow to dark yellow; pronotum dorsomedially, mesoscutum anteriorly, scutellar foveae, propodeum and mesopleuron, black or dark brown; tegulae, yellow. Metasoma dark yellow to amber, dorsally with a black stripe. Legs yellow, meso- and metacoxae sometimes with a dark spot basally. Wings hyaline, veins dark yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6991B49559FF9EFDE5FC7473A3FA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" startId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" targetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" targetPageId="92">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDE5FC7473A3FA5E" blockId="92.[151,1436,1008,1069]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDE5FC74724FFA7B" bold="true" box="[151,290,1008,1032]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9559FF9EFC58FC7572BBFA7A" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[298,470,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFC58FC7572BBFA7A" box="[298,470,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5FBDF76F4FB02" blockId="92.[151,1437,1115,2041]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5FBDF726AFA06" bold="true" box="[199,263,1115,1141]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view subtrapezoid, about 1.3 times as wide as high, gena not broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space almost 0.6 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial about as long as height of eye. Toruli situated mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli clearly shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous with some weak wrinkles; frontal carinae branched in their whole length, reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99559FF9EFCBFFAB77144FB3E" box="[461,553,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 37c</figureCitation>
|
||
) is about 2.1 times as wide as long. Vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99559FF9EF978FAB7770BFB3E" box="[1034,1126,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 37c</figureCitation>
|
||
) wrinkled, with some punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 8: 6: 4.5 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 4.5. Occiput weakly wrinkled, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5FAFF770BFBAE" blockId="92.[151,1437,1115,2041]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5FAFF7243FBE6" bold="true" box="[199,302,1403,1429]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-segmented according to the original description (tip of antenna broken); filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about as long as F1; pedicel 1.3 times as long as wide; F1 about as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5FA637652F91A" blockId="92.[151,1437,1115,2041]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5FA637228F872" bold="true" box="[199,325,1511,1537]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.1 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99559FF9EFD9AF98F7221F856" box="[232,332,1547,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 37a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.4. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum carinated to imbricate; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99559FF9EFDD2F9D7726CF81D" box="[160,257,1619,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 37b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.1 times as wide as long, strongly carinated, carinae more or less continuous, interspaces alutaceous; anterior parallel lines inconspicuous; notauli complete, well impressed and wide, sometimes interrupted by carinae; median mesoscutal line visible at most as a small triangular incision; parapsidal lines inconspicuous. Mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99559FF9EFC5FF93B72E3F8A9" box="[301,398,1727,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 37b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as long as wide, strongly wrinkled; circumscutellar carina well defined but somewhat obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae ovate, shallow, weakly sculptured bottom, the posterior margin more or less well defined and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron finely and regularly striated, interspaces weakly alutaceous. Metapleural sulcus reaching 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and alutaceous; propodeal carinae narrow, slightly curved and convergent posteriorly. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5F8F7710EF9FE" blockId="92.[151,1437,1115,2041]" box="[199,611,1907,1933]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5F8F77392F9FE" bold="true" box="[199,255,1907,1933]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9559FF9EFDB5F8137060F98A" blockId="92.[151,1437,1115,2041]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9559FF9EFDB5F813727EF9C2" bold="true" box="[199,275,1943,1969]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than the body length. Radial cell closed, about 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet visible, basal vein not well pigmented. Rs+M weakly pigmented, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5FF137788FF6E" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5FF13722EFEC2" bold="true" box="[199,323,151,177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99558FF9FF81DFF1373A9FEA6" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetId="figure-129@92.[177,1410,452,984]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 37. Synergus rutulus (holotype, Type No. 5816): a) lateral habitus; b) mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434100/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 37a</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and posteriorly with a wide band of micropunctures occupying its distal half; not incised, not pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5FEA272F2FF32" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,415,294,321]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5FEA2724FFF32" bold="true" box="[199,290,294,321]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79558FF9FFDB5FECE701CFF16" box="[199,881,330,357]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5FECE701CFF16" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,881,330,357]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5FECE7234FF17" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9558FF9FFC15FECF72CEFF16" box="[359,419,331,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9558FF9FFCDCFECF714DFF16" box="[430,544,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FFF5CFECF7009FF16" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[558,868,331,357]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79558FF9FFDB5FEEA738DFFDE" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5FEEA738DFFDE" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5FEEA724CFFFB" bold="true" box="[199,289,366,392]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FFF43FEEB708DFFFA" authority="Kinsey, 1920" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1920" box="[561,992,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFF43FEEB7050FFFA" box="[561,829,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Disholcaspis plumbella</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FF960FEEB73B1FFDE" authority="(McCracken & Egbert 1922)" baseAuthorityName="McCracken & Egbert" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FF960FEEB77E2FFFA" box="[1042,1167,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Q. dumosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FF9D3FEEB73BEFFDE" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79558FF9FFDB5FE3372A2FF86" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5FE3372A2FF86" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5FE337259FFA2" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,465]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FFC36FE33716CFFA2" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[324,513,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFC36FE33716CFFA2" box="[324,513,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Synergus rutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single female (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FFEDCFE337679FFA1" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[942,1300,439,466]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922: 60</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has been located and examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |