293 lines
39 KiB
XML
293 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="462997F636E049EF7C0C37D909F9EAC7" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9547FF86FDE5FA2E76E2FFFA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus nigroornatus McCracken & Egbert 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="06D0F341A6B8528D47FC3C2202151961">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B1529EBBAF231C8043F2136DA744896">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2DF0EE052367B0CAF6FBE0F8325007B7">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8BDE1AC9EE6BEE9E41626B22716637A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="13CA5B6B7EF6CF5E35E384E993C050AE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9547FF86FDE5FA2E76E2FFFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9547FF86FDE5FA2E76E2FFFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9547FF86FDE5FA2E76E2FFFA" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79547FF80FDE5FA2E707DFBB7" box="[151,784,1449,1476]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9547FF80FDE5FA2E707DFBB7" blockId="66.[151,784,1449,1513]" box="[151,784,1449,1476]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="D0E176509547FF80FDE5FA2E707DFBB7" bold="true" box="[151,784,1449,1476]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FDE5FA2E707DFBB7" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,784,1449,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDE5FA2E707DFBB7" bold="true" box="[151,784,1449,1476]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDE5FA2E72C0FBB7" bold="true" box="[151,429,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigroornatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9547FF80FCC6FA2D707DFBB7" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[436,784,1449,1476]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79547FF80FDE5FA4A727BFB9A" box="[151,278,1486,1513]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9547FF80FDE5FA4A727BFB9A" blockId="66.[151,784,1449,1513]" box="[151,278,1486,1513]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99547FF80FDEDFA4A7263FB9A" box="[159,270,1486,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 25</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79547FF80FDE5F9977084F83A" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9547FF80FDE5F9977084F83A" blockId="66.[151,1437,1554,1609]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FDE5F99771C5F859" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,680,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigro-ornatus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDE5F99772E8F859" box="[151,389,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigro-ornatus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619547FF80FCFEF99671C5F859" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422442" box="[396,680,1554,1578]" collectionCode="CAS" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9547FF80FCFEF99671C5F859" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[396,680,1554,1578]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 57.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9547FF80F9B9F9977790F858" box="[1227,1277,1555,1579]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
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material: CAS.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FDE5F9B571B9F83A" authority=": Burks in Krombein et al. (1979)" authorityName="Burks in Krombein" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,724,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDE5F9B57211F83A" box="[151,380,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigroornatus</emphasis>
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: Burks in Krombein
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FF26F9B671EAF83A" box="[596,647,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
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(1979)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Smith. Inst. Press 1: 1062.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79547FF80FDE5F9F67726F932" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9547FF80FDE5F9F67726F932" blockId="66.[151,1438,1649,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDE5F9F672A0F8F8" bold="true" box="[151,461,1649,1676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619547FF80FCAEF9F671B2F8A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422404" collectorName="L. S. Jr. & Type No." county="Type'" location="Academy of Sciences" municipality="Eb'" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9547FF80FCAEF9F67111F8FF" box="[476,636,1650,1676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59547FF80FFF1F9F671F5F8FF" box="[643,664,1650,1676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
with the following labels: ‘
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9547FF80FEBDF9F67771F8FF" box="[975,1052,1650,1676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">L.S.Jr.</collectorName>
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U., Lot 554, Sub 95’ (white label) / ‘
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59547FF80FDDCF91273A8F8C3" box="[174,197,1686,1712]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
<collectingCounty id="62C8B9B09547FF80FDB9F9127261F8C3" box="[203,268,1686,1712]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type’</collectingCounty>
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(red label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FCD6F91271B5F8C3" authority="Mc" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[420,728,1686,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigro-ornatus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FCD6F91271C1F8C3" box="[420,684,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigro-ornatus</emphasis>
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Mc
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</taxonomicName>
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&
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD5B469547FF80FF8EF912704FF8C3" box="[764,802,1686,1712]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Eb’</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(white label with a red frame, handwritten) / ‘
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<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9547FF80F857F91276F1F8C3" box="[1317,1436,1686,1712]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">California</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EC997E79547FF80FDE5F93E72E3F8A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9547FF86FDE5FA2E76E2FFFA:8EC997E79547FF80FDE5F93E72E3F8A7" box="[151,398,1722,1748]" county="Type'" municipality="Eb'" name="Academy of Sciences" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="California">Academy of Sciences</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9547FF80FCEBF93E716FF8A7" box="[409,514,1722,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type No.</collectorName>
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5804’ (white label)
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</materialsCitation>
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/ ‘
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9547FF80FF88F93E7002F8A7" box="[762,879,1722,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59547FF80FE05F93E70E1F8A7" box="[887,908,1722,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FEE6F93E73BFF88B" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigro-ornatus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FEE6F93E77F1F8A7" box="[916,1180,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigro-ornatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9547FF80F9D1F93E73BFF88B" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, IL-V desig-2018’(red label).
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619547FF80FF50F95A778AF96E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422441" collectorName="L. S. Jr. & Type No." location="Academy of Sciences" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9547FF80FF50F95A7067F88B" box="[546,778,1758,1784]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
(1ϐ) with the following labels: ‘
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||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9547FF80F902F95A77D1F88B" box="[1136,1212,1758,1784]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">L.S.Jr.</collectorName>
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||
U., Lot 554, Sub 95’ (white label) / ‘ϐ Type’ (red label) / ‘
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9547FF80FF5FF88671C9F96F" box="[557,676,1794,1820]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EC997E79547FF80FFDBF88670F0F96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9547FF86FDE5FA2E76E2FFFA:8EC997E79547FF80FFDBF88670F0F96F" box="[681,925,1794,1820]" name="Academy of Sciences" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="California">Academy of Sciences</location>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9547FF80FED4F8867763F96F" box="[934,1038,1794,1820]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type No.</collectorName>
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||
5804’ (white label)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
/ ‘
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||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9547FF80F98DF88676F0F96F" box="[1279,1437,1794,1820]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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||
ϐ
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FDC1F8A27196F933" authority="McCracken & Egbert, 1922" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[179,763,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigro-ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDC1F8A272D6F933" box="[179,443,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigro-ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9547FF80FCB3F8A27196F933" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[449,763,1830,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, IL-V desig-2018’ (red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79547FF81FDB5F8CD704EFF85" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9547FF81FDB5F8CD704EFF85" blockId="66.[151,1438,1649,2036]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FDB5F8CD7257F910" bold="true" box="[199,314,1865,1891]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9547FF80FC3BF8CE7125F917" box="[329,584,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9547FF80FC3BF8CE7125F917" box="[329,584,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Synergus nigroornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, covered with parallel and fine transverse striae; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; POL longer than OOL; OOL 1.2–1.3 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli; gena not broadened behind eye; F1 as long as F2 and female antenna with 14 segments; lateral pronotum wrinkled or carinated, at least ventrally; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured, rarely strongly coriaceous with weak discontinuous transversal elements; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; tarsal claws with a distinct basal lobe; first metasomal segment completely sulcate dorsally and laterally; syntergum with a posterior band of micropunctures; and body of females with some dark surfaces, never completely yellow.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9546FF81F826FF5B723AFF6F" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81F826FF5B723AFF6F" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Synergus nigroornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the species sharing these traits (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9546FF81FE20FE8770BCFF6F" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[850,977,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oneratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FE20FE8770BCFF6F" box="[850,977,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. oneratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9546FF81F97AFE87771EFF6E" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[1032,1139,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81F97AFE87771EFF6E" box="[1032,1139,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. rutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see below) by having the malar space 0.4 times as long as height of eye (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99546FF81FFDFFEA37182FF32" box="[685,751,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="0.6">0.6 in</quantity>
|
||
these species); transfacial line slightly shorter than height of eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FDBFFECF7240FF16" box="[205,301,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25d</figureCitation>
|
||
) (as long as height of eye in these species); head in dorsal view 1.8 times as wide as long (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99546FF81F86EFECF7631FF16" box="[1308,1372,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="2.1">2.1 in</quantity>
|
||
these species); tarsal claws with a very small, almost inconspicuous, basal lobe (conspicuous in these species); syntergum posteriorly with an incomplete band of micropunctures extended laterally about 1/4 of its length, almost 1/
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99546FF81F859FE177638FFDE" box="[1323,1365,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
males (wide band extended more than 1/
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99546FF81FF7CFE337155FFA2" box="[526,568,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
both sexes in these species); and, in females, syntergum strongly dorsodistally incised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FD84FE5F723BFF86" box="[246,342,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
|
||
) (weakly to not incised in these species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79546FF86FDB5FE7A71AAFEA6" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5FE7A7200FC6B" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,365,510,536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5FE7A7200FC6B" bold="true" box="[199,365,510,536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5FDA6719CFC4E" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,753,546,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5FDA672CEFC4E" bold="true" box="[199,419,546,573]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 3.0 mm (n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5FDC27384FC82" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5FDC27266FC13" bold="true" box="[199,267,582,608]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FC6EFDC3721FFC12" box="[284,370,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Yellow, with some brownish black areas. Head yellow, except for a black spot in the ocellar area. Antenna yellow. Mesosoma mainly yellow; dorsomedial pronotum, mesoscutum between notauli, mesoscutellum medially, metanotum, propodeum and mesosoma basally between coxae, black; tegulae pale yellow. Metasoma yellow, dorsally with a black stripe that not reaches the tip of the syntergum. Legs pale yellow. Wings hyaline, veins yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5FD7F7261FA46" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5FD7F726AFD66" bold="true" box="[199,263,763,789]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view trapezoid, about 1.2 times as wide as high, gena not broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.4 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line slightly shorter than height of eye. Toruli situated mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FC20FC2B72DEFDBA" box="[338,435,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25d</figureCitation>
|
||
) coriaceous, without punctures; frontal carinae narrow, branched, reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view is about 1.8 times as wide as long. Vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FE26FC5770DEFD9E" box="[852,947,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25d</figureCitation>
|
||
) coriaceous, with some punctures and weak wrinkles. POL: OOL: LOL = 6: 4.5: 3.5 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3.5. Occiput weakly wrinkled and with some punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5FBBA77BDFAD2" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5FBBA7243FA2B" bold="true" box="[199,302,1086,1112]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-segmented according to the original description (the tip of both antennae is broken); filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel longer than F1; pedicel 1.5 times as long as wide; F1 about as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5FB2F72E4F822" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5FB2F7228FAB6" bold="true" box="[199,325,1195,1221]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.3 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FD95FB4B7227FA9A" box="[231,330,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.31. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum weakly wrinkled; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81F81DFB7773ADFB42" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25c</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as wide as long, with weak and dense discontinuous carinae, interspaces alutaceous; anterior parallel lines shallow, reaching somewhat more than 1/3 of the mesoscutum; notauli complete and visible in their whole length, somewhat interrupted by carinae and slightly convergent posteriorly; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines inconspicuous. Mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FFCAFA07707BFBEE" box="[696,790,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25c</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as long as wide, weakly wrinkled, interspaces alutaceous; circumscutellar carina visible but weak, obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae ovate, shallow, weakly sculptured bottom, the posterior margin not well defined and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron finely, regularly and densely striated, interspaces smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81FE69FA6B7016F87A" box="[795,891,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metapleural sulcus reaching 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and alutaceous; propodeal carinae straight and convergent posteriorly. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5F9DF7184F806" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,745,1627,1653]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5F9DF7392F806" bold="true" box="[199,255,1627,1653]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a very small basal tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5F9FA77D0F892" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5F9FA727EF8EB" bold="true" box="[199,275,1662,1688]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, about as long as the body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81F9C2F9FB767CF8EA" box="[1200,1297,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial cell closed, about 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet visible, small, the basal vein not well pigmented. Rs+M visible, the last third not well pigmented but reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF81FDB5F96F77EEF9E6" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5F96F722EF976" bold="true" box="[199,323,1771,1797]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99546FF81F85DF96F76FDF976" box="[1327,1424,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and posteriorly with an incomplete narrow band of minute micropunctures extended at most 1/4 of its length; dorsodistally incised, not pointed; following segments and hypopygium also with minute micropunctures. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9546FF86FDB5F81A71AAFEA6" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9546FF81FDB5F81A724FF9CA" bold="true" box="[199,290,1950,1977]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female, except for the following: body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99546FF81FEDDF81A776BF9CA" box="[943,1030,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1). Antenna 15-segmented; F1 straight, weakly excavated and slightly broadened apically and basally, longer apically after the incision than basally. Metasomal punctuation extended 1/3 of the syntergum length. Mesoscutellum completely black; the black stripe of the mesoscutum expands outside notauli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79541FF86FDB5FF5A701CFE8A" box="[199,881,222,249]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9541FF86FDB5FF5A701CFE8A" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,393]" box="[199,881,222,249]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86FDB5FF5A7234FE8B" bold="true" box="[199,345,222,248]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9541FF86FC15FF5B72CEFE8A" box="[359,419,223,249]" name="United States of America" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9541FF86FCDCFF5B714DFE8A" box="[430,544,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9541FF86FF5CFF5B7009FE8A" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[558,868,223,249]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79541FF86FDB5FE86728CFF32" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9541FF86FDB5FE86728CFF32" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86FDB5FE86724CFF6F" bold="true" box="[199,289,258,284]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9541FF86FF6EFE8770BDFF6D" authority="(Ashmead, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[540,976,259,286]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Heteroecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86FF6EFE87706AFF6E" box="[540,775,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Heteroecus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9541FF86FE67FE8770A5FF6D" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[789,968,259,286]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref101564" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23 (2), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9541FF86FE85FE8777A5FF6E" box="[1015,1224,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86FE85FE8777A5FF6E" box="[1015,1224,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Andricus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9541FF86F989FE8772B0FF32" authority="(McCracken & Egbert 1922)" baseAuthorityName="McCracken & Egbert" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86F989FE8776F0FF6E" box="[1275,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9541FF86FDECFEA372B8FF32" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[158,469,295,321]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79541FF86FDB5FECF76E2FFFA" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9541FF86FDB5FECF76E2FFFA" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86FDB5FECF7259FF16" bold="true" box="[199,308,331,357]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9541FF86FC33FECF7153FF17" box="[321,574,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9541FF86FC33FECF7153FF17" box="[321,574,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Synergus nigroornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from 1ϐ and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59541FF86FE0EFECF70F2FF16" box="[892,927,331,357]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9541FF86FEDFFECF7664FF16" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[941,1289,330,357]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which have been located and examined. The female has been designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9541FF86FE12FEEB70AAFFFA" box="[864,967,367,393]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the type series and deposited in CAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |