420 lines
53 KiB
XML
420 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="AD6661FF7C5A96B37726BBBF537F36FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus erinacei Gillette 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="DC8C964936E1277265CC818BC24961E6">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1895133DA28368E898E0BEB571AB82A0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FFDED2BC5F6A2252EEFCB5F33B43CEC5">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0694189B10927BF1A208D83D1426A3CE">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB797D58A3C2483DA426DCB0BA079FD9" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5CBEE13B51BFC363D8E1728C6C084DC9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6AB0405C24A600828E84BAFDB3777D70">
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<mods:date id="FCFCE4623593C02CA35E9B1A1ECFDA5E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EE7D83EBB37E50B22B0797F34399B66A">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD578BE78F67D8A092C8DC7277E4FC24">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7F16B536C80BFAA439DEAB920AEC0D80" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447546" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79537FFF0FDE5F9387172F8A5" box="[151,543,1724,1750]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9537FFF0FDE5F9387172F8A5" blockId="50.[151,543,1724,1786]" box="[151,543,1724,1750]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D0E176509537FFF0FDE5F9387172F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,543,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9537FFF0FDE5F9387172F8A5" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,543,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9537FFF0FDE5F9387172F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,543,1724,1750]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9537FFF0FDE5F938721CF8A5" bold="true" box="[151,369,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9537FFF0FC0AF9387172F8A5" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[376,543,1724,1750]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79537FFF0FDE5F964727BF889" box="[151,278,1760,1786]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9537FFF0FDE5F964727BF889" blockId="50.[151,543,1724,1786]" box="[151,278,1760,1786]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99537FFF0FDEDF9647263F889" box="[159,270,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 19</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79537FFF0FDE5F8A1773EF94E" box="[151,1107,1828,1853]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9537FFF0FDE5F8A1773EF94E" blockId="50.[151,1107,1828,1853]" box="[151,1107,1828,1853]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9537FFF0FDE5F8A1728CF94F" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,481,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9537FFF0FDE5F8A17221F94F" box="[151,332,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619537FFF0FC21F8A0728CF94F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422319" box="[339,481,1828,1852]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9537FFF0FC21F8A0728CF94F" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[339,481,1828,1852]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9537FFF0FC98F8A1719FF94E" box="[490,754,1828,1853]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
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23: 90, 94.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9537FFF0FE18F8A170F1F94E" box="[874,924,1829,1853]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79537FFF1FDE5F8EF761EFCF6" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9537FFF1FDE5F8EF7135FFA2" blockId="50.[151,1436,1898,2034]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1439,150,1114]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9537FFF0FDE5F8EF72A2F9F7" bold="true" box="[151,463,1898,1925]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619537FFF0FCACF8EF71DDF981" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422438" collectionCode="USNM, USN-" collectorName="Type No. & V. Cuesta-Porta" country="United States of America" location="Type'" municipality="AccNo" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="MENT 00802049" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9537FFF0FCACF8EF7113F9F6" box="[478,638,1899,1925]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59537FFF0FFF4F8EF71F6F9F6" box="[646,667,1899,1925]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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with the following labels: ‘N. Y. 2008’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
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<location id="8EC997E79537FFF0FDEEF80B738DF9DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976:8EC997E79537FFF0FDEEF80B738DF9DA" box="[156,224,1935,1961]" country="United States of America" municipality="AccNo" name="Type'" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type’</location>
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(white label, handwritten) / ‘
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9537FFF0FF6FF80B71E7F9DA" box="[541,650,1935,1961]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type No.</collectorName>
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||
27943
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9537FFF0FFA9F80B7061F9DA" box="[731,780,1935,1961]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD5B469537FFF0FE92F80B7759F9DA" box="[992,1076,1935,1961]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">AccNo</collectingMunicipality>
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||
71950
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99537FFF0F9F5F80B77B5F9DA" box="[1159,1240,1935,1961]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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to be loaned only to ColoAgCol’ (white label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9537FFF0FC81F83771D1F9BF" authority="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, 2021" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[499,700,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9537FFF0FC81F83771D1F9BF" box="[499,700,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A0559537FFF0FFB1F837706DF9BE" box="[707,768,1971,1997]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9537FFF0FE75F8377059F9BE" box="[775,820,1971,1997]" name="V. Cuesta-Porta" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C.P.</collectorName>
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G’ (white label with a red frame, handwritten) / ‘
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<specimenCode id="DBB069479537FFF0F824F837720FF982" collectionCode="MENT" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99537FFF0F824F837738BF982" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">USNMENT</collectionCode>
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00802049
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</specimenCode>
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’ (white label with a QR code)
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</materialsCitation>
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/ ‘
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9537FFF0FFB8F8537052F982" box="[714,831,2007,2033]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59537FFF0FE34F8537036F982" box="[838,859,2007,2033]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9537FFF0FE10F85377A2F982" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[866,1231,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9537FFF0FE10F8537746F983" box="[866,1067,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9537FFF0F940F85377A2F982" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1074,1231,2007,2033]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label).
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||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9536FFF1FC6EFF13717EFEC2" box="[284,531,151,177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
(1ϐ &
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FF02FF1371FFFEC1" box="[624,658,151,178]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) with the following labels: ‘N. Y. 2008’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619536FFF1FEB0FF3F706AFE89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422366" country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9536FFF1FEB0FF3F7744FEA6" box="[962,1065,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
No. 27943
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9536FFF1F9DFFF3F77B3FEA6" box="[1197,1246,187,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FDC3FF5B72DBFE8A" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[177,438,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDC3FF5B7216FE8B" box="[177,379,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
Gill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FCCCFF5B72B8FE8A" box="[446,469,223,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
’ (white label, handwritten)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
/ ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9536FFF1FE56FF5B70AFFE8A" box="[804,962,223,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FEB8FF5B70B2FE8A" box="[970,991,223,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FE9AFF5B7635FE8A" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[1000,1368,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FE9AFF5B77DFFE8B" box="[1000,1202,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9536FFF1F9C8FF5B7635FE8A" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1210,1368,223,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FCDAFE8772A6FF6E" box="[424,459,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
); ‘Ia. Exp. Sta.’ (white label) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619536FFF1F9C5FE8777AEFF31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422380" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="AccNo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9536FFF1F9C5FE877673FF6E" box="[1207,1310,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
No. 27943
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9536FFF1FDE5FEA373A5FF32" box="[151,200,295,321]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
|
||
<location id="8EC997E79536FFF1FCDBFEA37290FF32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976:8EC997E79536FFF1FCDBFEA37290FF32" box="[425,509,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="AccNo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">AccNo</location>
|
||
71950
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99536FFF1FF24FEA371CAFF32" box="[598,679,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
to be loaned only to ColoAgCol’ (white label)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/ ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9536FFF1F992FEA37613FF32" box="[1248,1406,295,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1F8F5FEA376F1FF32" box="[1415,1436,295,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FDE5FECF716FFF16" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,514,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDE5FECF7232FF17" box="[151,351,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9536FFF1FC17FECF716FFF16" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[357,514,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FE2BFECF7014FF16" box="[857,889,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
); ‘N. Y. 1726’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Coll CF Baker’ (white label) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FE4CFEEB7729FFFA" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[830,1092,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FE4CFEEB776AFFFB" box="[830,1031,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
Gill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (red label with a black frame, handwritten) / ‘USNMENT 00960173’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9536FFF1FE0CFE177771FFDE" box="[894,1052,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1F957FE1776F5FFDE" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[1061,1432,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1F957FE17779DFFDF" box="[1061,1264,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9536FFF1F98BFE1776F5FFDE" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1273,1432,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (1ϐ &
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FF59FE337120FFA2" box="[555,589,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9536FFF1FDB5FE5E761EFCF6" blockId="51.[151,1439,150,1114]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDB5FE5E729FFF87" bold="true" box="[199,498,474,500]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FF70FE5F7148FF86" box="[514,549,475,501]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619536FFF1FF48FE5F72DAFC4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422305" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Material" location="Ovopositing in Hedgehog Gall'" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9536FFF1FF48FE5F71F4FF86" box="[570,665,475,501]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material</collectorName>
|
||
deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99536FFF1FE59FE5F7011FF86" box="[811,892,475,501]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
with the following labels: ‘Evanston Ill. 8/23/14’ (white label) / ‘
|
||
<location id="8EC997E79536FFF1FC37FE7B71C2FC6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9537FFF6FDE5F9387056F976:8EC997E79536FFF1FC37FE7B71C2FC6A" box="[325,687,511,537]" name="Ovopositing in Hedgehog Gall'" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ovopositing in Hedgehog Gall’</location>
|
||
(white label) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FE19FE7B771EFC6A" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[875,1139,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FE19FE7B7758FC6B" box="[875,1077,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
Gill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (white label with a black frame, handwritten) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FCF9FDA772C6FC4E" box="[395,427,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619536FFF1FCB8FDA770C3FC12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422323" collectingDate="1967-08-31" collectorName="W. W. Judd & London" location="Ontario" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ontario">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9536FFF1FCB8FDA77120FC4E" box="[458,589,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">W.W. Judd</collectorName>
|
||
, oak gall,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9536FFF1FFB6FDA77073FC4E" box="[708,798,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">London</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9536FFF1FE59FDA770ECFC4E" box="[811,897,547,573]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
99,
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7FC9536FFF1FEC7FDA7772CFC4E" box="[949,1089,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1967-08-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEC1E149536FFF1FEC7FDA7772CFC4E" box="[949,1089,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1967-08-31">31.viii.1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’ (white label) / ‘B8’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FC05FDC37150FC13" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmuller" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[375,573,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FC05FDC37150FC13" box="[375,573,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Acraspis erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (white label, handwritten) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1FEF0FDC370CFFC12" box="[898,930,583,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619536FFF1FEB2FDC37602FCF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422412" collectingDate="1967-09-03" collectorName="W. W. Judd & London" location="Ontario" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ontario">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9536FFF1FEB2FDC3772FFC12" box="[960,1090,583,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">W.W. Judd</collectorName>
|
||
, oak gall,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9536FFF1F9C4FDC3767DFC12" box="[1206,1296,583,609]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">London</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9536FFF1F86EFDC3761FFC12" box="[1308,1394,583,609]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
83,
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7FC9536FFF1FDE5FDEF7269FCF6" box="[151,260,619,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1967-09-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEC1E149536FFF1FDE5FDEF7269FCF6" box="[151,260,619,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1967-09-03">3.ix.1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’ (white label) / ‘B10’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FE49FDEF776DFCF7" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmuller" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[827,1024,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FE49FDEF776DFCF7" box="[827,1024,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Acraspis erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (white label, handwritten) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59536FFF1F830FDEF760EFCF6" box="[1346,1379,619,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79536FFF1FDB5FD0A701EFA29" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9536FFF1FDB5FD0A701EFA29" blockId="51.[151,1439,150,1114]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDB5FD0A7257FCDB" bold="true" box="[199,314,654,680]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FC3BFD0B717EFCDB" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[329,531,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FC3BFD0B717EFCDB" box="[329,531,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, covered with parallel and fine transverse striae; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; POL longer than OOL; gena usually not broadened behind eye (slightly broadened in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1F8F5FD53739EFD67" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1F8F5FD53739EFD67" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); F1 as long as F2 and female antenna with 14 segments; lateral pronotum wrinkled or carinated, at least ventrally; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured, rarely strongly coriaceous with weak discontinuous transversal elements; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; tarsal claws with a distinct basal lobe; first metasomal segment completely sulcate dorsally and laterally; syntergum with a posterior band of micropunctures; and body of females with some dark surfaces, never completely yellow.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1F9A6FC0F76F1FDD7" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[1236,1436,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1F9A6FC0F76F1FDD7" box="[1236,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the species sharing these traits (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FFF0FC2B7043FDBB" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[642,814,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FFF0FC2B7043FDBB" box="[642,814,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. nigroornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FE4EFC2B70D4FDBB" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[828,953,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oneratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FE4EFC2B70D4FDBB" box="[828,953,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. oneratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FE9CFC2B7735FDBA" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[1006,1112,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FE9CFC2B7735FDBA" box="[1006,1112,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. rutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see below) by having mesosoma and metasoma entirely black in females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99536FFF1FFEFFC577181FD9D" box="[669,748,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b) (mostly yellow, dark yellow or reddish yellow in females of these species,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99536FFF1FC23FC7372A1FA62" box="[337,460,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="68.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetId="figure-117@68.[155,1432,417,924]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synergus nigroornatus (lectotype, Type No. 5804): a) lateral habitus; b) lateral metasoma; c) mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434068/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs 25a, c</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99536FFF1FCA5FC737299FA62" box="[471,500,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@77.[151,1436,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Synergus oneratus. Lectotype of Cynips oneratus (MCZ-ENT 00026335): a) lateral habitus; b) detailed view of the lateral pronotum and mesoscutum; c) head and pronotum in anterodorsal view; d) dorsal habitus. Lectotype of Synergus oneratus coloradensis (USNMENT 00779991): e) lateral habitus; f) mesosoma in dorsal view. Lectotype of Synergus garryana (USNMENT 00802113): g) lateral habitus; h) detailed view of the metasomal punctuation; i) head in anterodorsal view; j) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434082/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">30</figureCitation>
|
||
a–g, j; 37a–b); gena slightly broadened behind eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99536FFF1F95DFC7377E6FA62" box="[1071,1163,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (not broadened in these species); and OOL about 1.7 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli in females, equal in males (1.2 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99536FFF1F856FB9F7609FA46" box="[1316,1380,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
|
||
both sexes of these species), among others (see the identification key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6991B49536FFF1FDE5F89A73A3F929" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" targetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9536FFF1FDE5F89A73A3F929" blockId="51.[151,1437,1822,1882]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDE5F89A724EF945" bold="true" box="[151,291,1822,1846]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9536FFF1FC5EF89A7288F945" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[300,485,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FC5EF89A7288F945" box="[300,485,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79536FFF6FDB5F80C71AEF87A" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9536FFF1FDB5F80C7200F9D1" blockId="51.[199,1437,1928,2027]" box="[199,365,1928,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDB5F80C7200F9D1" bold="true" box="[199,365,1928,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9536FFF1FDB5F828705BF9B4" blockId="51.[199,1437,1928,2027]" box="[199,822,1964,1991]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDB5F82872CEF9B5" bold="true" box="[199,419,1964,1990]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length about 3.0 mm (n = 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9536FFF6FDB5F85472BCFEA6" blockId="51.[199,1437,1928,2027]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9536FFF1FDB5F8547266F999" bold="true" box="[199,267,2000,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99536FFF1FC6FF854721EF999" box="[285,371,2000,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mainly black. Gena and lower face, yellow; frons and vertex medially, and occiput, black. Antenna yellow to testaceous. Mesosoma black; tegulae yellow. Metasoma black. Legs pale yellow. Wings hyaline, veins light brown to yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FF5B77DFFF86" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FF5B726AFE8A" bold="true" box="[199,263,223,249]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6FCBDFF5B7143FE8A" box="[463,558,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoid, about 1.2 times as wide as high, gena very slightly broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.5 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line about as long as height of eye. Toruli situated mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous, without punctures; frontal carinae narrow and branched, reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view is about 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous, with some punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 10: 7.5: 5 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 4.5. Occiput coriaceous, with some punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FE7A70FEFCF6" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FE7A7243FC6B" bold="true" box="[199,302,510,536]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6FC4EFE7B72F0FC69" box="[316,413,511,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
|
||
). 14-segmented; filiform, not broadened apically, and as long as the entire body; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about as long as F1 or just slightly longer; pedicel about 1.8 times as long as wide; F1 as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 3.5 times as long as wide and almost 2.0 times as long as F11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FD0B7394FA46" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FD0B7228FCDA" bold="true" box="[199,325,655,681]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6FD95FD377224FCBE" box="[231,329,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.36. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum imbricated to weakly wrinkled; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6FD99FD7F7224FD65" box="[235,329,763,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as wide as long, strongly coriaceous with weak discontinuous transversal elements; anterior parallel lines weakly impressed, reaching somewhat more than 1/3 of the mesoscutum; notauli complete and visible in their whole length, but less impressed anteriorly; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines weakly impressed, narrow, reaching tegulae. Mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6FE3DFCE370C2FDF1" box="[847,943,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.1 times as long as wide, wrinkled; circumscutellar carina weak, almost inconspicuous, obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae circular, small, shallow, weakly sculptured bottom, the posterior margin not well defined and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron regularly striated, somewhat branched anteriorly. Metapleural sulcus reaching almost 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae straight and parallel. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FBBB7184FA2A" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" box="[199,745,1087,1113]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FBBB7392FA2A" bold="true" box="[199,255,1087,1113]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a very strong basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FBE67060FAB6" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FBE6727EFA0F" bold="true" box="[199,275,1122,1148]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, about as long as the body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6F9C2FBE7767DFA0E" box="[1200,1296,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial cell closed, about 2.4 times as long as wide; areolet visible, all veins well pigmented but pale. Rs+M visible, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FB4B762DFB26" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FB4B722EFA9A" bold="true" box="[199,323,1231,1257]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and about 1.3 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99531FFF6F842FB4B76E2FA9A" box="[1328,1423,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-488@51.[151,1436,1137,1798]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 19. Synergus erinacei (lectotype, USNMENT 00802049): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434050/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and posteriorly with a band of micropunctures extended about 1/4 of its length; not dorsodistally incised, slightly pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5FADA71AEF87A" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5FADA724FFB0A" bold="true" box="[199,290,1374,1401]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female, except for the following: body length about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99531FFF6F966FADA7703FB0A" box="[1044,1134,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1). Antenna 15-segmented according to the original description (antennae of the single examined male are broken). POL:OOL:LOL = 19:10:9.5. OOL about as long as diameter of lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.6 times as long as height of eye. Metasoma shorter than head plus mesosoma, the band of micropunctures extended at least 1/2 of the syntergum length. Head yellow, except for a black spot in the ocellar area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79531FFF6FDB5F996738DF821" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5F996738DF821" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5F9967234F85F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1554,1580]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9531FFF6FC19F99772CAF85E" box="[363,423,1555,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9531FFF6FCC4F9977142F85E" box="[438,559,1555,1581]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9531FFF6FF4CF997711BF85E" box="[574,630,1555,1581]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9531FFF6FFF8F9977048F85D" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[650,805,1555,1582]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9531FFF6FE02F99770D2F85E" box="[880,959,1555,1581]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
(authors). Also, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9531FFF6F9DAF997766DF85E" box="[1192,1280,1555,1581]" name="Canada" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9531FFF6F87DF9977608F85E" box="[1295,1381,1555,1581]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
(authors).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79531FFF6FDB5F9DE7783F805" box="[199,1262,1626,1654]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5F9DE7783F805" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" box="[199,1262,1626,1654]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5F9DE724CF807" bold="true" box="[199,289,1626,1652]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9531FFF6FF6FF9DF70B4F806" authority="(Beutenmuller, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmuller" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[541,985,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FF6FF9DF718FF807" box="[541,738,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Acraspis erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
(Beutenmüller, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9531FFF6FE9BF9DF7712F806" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1001,1151,1627,1653]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; authors).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79531FFF6FDB5F9FB7056F976" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5F9FB77B9F8CE" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FDB5F9FB7259F8EA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1663,1689]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9531FFF6FC33F9FB7164F8EB" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[321,521,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FC33F9FB7164F8EB" box="[321,521,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Synergus erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from 2ϐ and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59531FFF6FE37F9FB7018F8EA" box="[837,885,1663,1689]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="female">14♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9531FFF6FEF1F9FB7728F8EA" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[899,1093,1663,1689]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896: 94</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We located and examined 1ϐ and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59531FFF6FDB5F9277387F8CE" box="[199,234,1699,1725]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
|
||
belonging to the type series deposited in USNM. A
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9531FFF6FE40F92770F4F8CE" box="[818,921,1699,1725]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has herein been designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9531FFF6FDB5F9437056F976" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The host plant is not mentioned in the original description, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9531FFF6FEE3F9437760F893" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[913,1037,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FEE3F94370CFF892" box="[913,930,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FEC3F9437760F893" box="[945,1037,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces bud galls (sexual generation) and leaf galls (agamic) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9531FFF6FC8FF96F705BF976" authority="(Burks 1979: 1078)" baseAuthorityName="Burks 1979:" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1078" baseAuthorityYear="1078" box="[509,822,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9531FFF6FC8FF96F713CF976" box="[509,593,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9531FFF6FF2DF96F7043F976" author="Burks, B. D." box="[607,814,1771,1797]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979: 1078</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |