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<document id="391C14D93FC1622C97D2CE353F23B75B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene &amp; Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A950AFFD3FDE5FBE7710BFAD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus atra Gillette 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="7821C32BC5265AD7DDACFD180BC7EF9D">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="78D56FCA3DE031F0C84A1948CA4F9C71" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B8045DB912AC768CA997E4EFDB6896D7">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="CF6A6E0B2A364965FF044722A447634C">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="04F88CA8917B28CB1250D5D4F5CEFCBE" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E337DD83F78780B0ADDC99F34DF17C81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1B93EED1764FC010622055DF3F7E369E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="874FC9F366C3908B18F03944D240C1C0">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8FE68CF529680D68C29003647177C3DC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="667B024B8A8BFDAC88846C3912BFDAF1">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4CEC112A271A65D479A2BC189C700D74">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6A8769DF47D4EF852A6EB88DC23D6D7F" type="CLB-Dataset">8839</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="116B7359B594EE729D9193DC67EC8FAF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C969C670E1C5AC555E4C325AEC1B772B" type="GBIF-Dataset">308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F9C1F8F7AA3D6441C3CAEAD5CD7D4008" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FC4435DADC94A1876819DF7BF79DC9F7" type="Zenodo-Dep">4434000</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5F7C40D5FAFBF6E46DB32B8B2075FA11" type="ZooBank">09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A950AFFD3FDE5FBE7710BFAD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447507" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447507" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A950AFFD3FDE5FBE7710BFAD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A950AFFD3FDE5FBE7710BFAD3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFCDFDE5FBE77283FA0F" box="[151,494,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDE5FBE77283FA0F" blockId="15.[151,494,1122,1185]" box="[151,494,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0E17650950AFFCDFDE5FBE77283FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,494,1122,1149]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFDE5FBE77283FA0F" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,494,1122,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDE5FBE77283FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,494,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDE5FBE7722DFA0E" bold="true" box="[151,320,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDFC35FBE67283FA0F" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[327,494,1122,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFCDFDE5FB037265FAD2" box="[151,264,1159,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDE5FB037265FAD2" blockId="15.[151,494,1122,1185]" box="[151,264,1159,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB9950AFFCDFDEDFB03726DFAD2" box="[159,256,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFCDFDE5FB4F7768FA90" box="[151,1029,1227,1252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDE5FB4F7768FA90" blockId="15.[151,1029,1227,1252]" box="[151,1029,1227,1252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFDE5FB4F72D4FA90" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,441,1227,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDE5FB4F724EFA90" box="[151,291,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB61950AFFCDFC58FB4F72D4FA90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422351" box="[298,441,1227,1251]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDFC58FB4F72D4FA90" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[298,441,1227,1251]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA950AFFCDFCB0FB4871A4FA90" box="[450,713,1227,1251]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
23: 86.
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFE69FB487020FA97" box="[795,845,1228,1252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
material: USNM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFCDFDE5FA95774AF950" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFCDFDE5FA95774AF950" blockId="15.[151,1438,1297,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDE5FA9572A2FB58" bold="true" box="[151,463,1297,1323]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFCACFA957113FB58" box="[478,638,1297,1323]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDFFF5FA9671F1FB5F" box="[647,668,1298,1324]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
with the following labels: ‘Mich’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Gillette’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Type No. 27932
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC950AFFCDF92AFAB177E4FB3C" box="[1112,1161,1333,1359]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘Acc- No71950
<collectionCode id="ED0759F9950AFFCDFC74FADD723AFB00" box="[262,343,1369,1395]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
to be loaned only to ColoAgCal’ (white label) / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFE07FADE7726FB00" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[885,1099,1369,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFE07FADE777DFB00" box="[885,1040,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
Gill.
</taxonomicName>
’ (white label with a red frame, handwritten) / ‘USNMENT 00779906’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFE0BFAF97083FBE4" box="[889,1006,1405,1431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDFE84FAFA7766FBEB" box="[1014,1035,1406,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDF966FAFA7635FBE4" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[1044,1368,1405,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDF966FAFA77DCFBE4" box="[1044,1201,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDF9C8FAF97635FBE4" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1210,1368,1405,1431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label).
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFCD6FA2571F6FBC8" box="[420,667,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
(2ϐ &amp;
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDFF86FA25707BFBC8" box="[756,790,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
) with the following labels: ‘Ag. Coll. Mich’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘CollCF Baker’ (white label) / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDF96DFA4277D7FBAC" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[1055,1210,1478,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDF96DFA4277D7FBAC" box="[1055,1210,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gill’ (red label with a black frame, handwritten) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFC9AFA6D7122F870" box="[488,591,1513,1539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
No. 27932
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC950AFFCDFFA6FA6D7068F870" box="[724,773,1513,1539]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFEAFFA6D7716F870" box="[989,1147,1513,1539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
ϐ
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDF9EDFA6E73BFF854" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDF9EDFA6E7657F870" box="[1183,1338,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDF833FA6D73BFF854" author="Gillette, C. P." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (1ϐ); ‘Mich’ (white label) / ‘C. P. Gillette’ (white label) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFC3BF9B572DDF838" box="[329,432,1585,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
No. 27932
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC950AFFCDFF4FF9B57100F838" box="[573,621,1585,1611]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFE25F9B6775FF838" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[855,1074,1585,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFE25F9B6709BF838" box="[855,1014,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
Gill.
</taxonomicName>
ϐ’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFDE9F9D17254F81C" box="[155,313,1621,1647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
ϐ
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFC12F9D271CBF81C" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[352,678,1621,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFC12F9D27293F81C" box="[352,510,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDFF75F9D171CBF81C" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[519,678,1621,1647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (1ϐ); ‘Manitou, Colo.’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘CollCF Baker’ (white label) / ‘Weld thinks this cannot be a type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFCAEF91A7127F8C4" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[476,586,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFCAEF91A7166F8C4" box="[476,523,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">atra</emphasis>
Gill.
</taxonomicName>
’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFEE6F919775FF8C4" box="[916,1074,1693,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDF94BF91A7723F8CB" box="[1081,1102,1694,1720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDF924F91A76F5F8C4" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[1110,1432,1693,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDF924F91A779EF8C4" box="[1110,1267,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDF988F91976F5F8C4" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1274,1432,1693,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDFC9FF9457160F8A8" box="[493,525,1729,1755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
); ‘Biol. 117’ (white label) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFCF8F961729CF88C" box="[394,497,1765,1791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
No. 27932
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC950AFFCDFF07F96171C8F88C" box="[629,677,1765,1791]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘USNMENT 00960061’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E950AFFCDFDE9F88D7254F950" box="[155,313,1801,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDFC32F88E7238F957" box="[320,341,1802,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFC2EF88E71F6F950" authority="Gillette, 1896" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[348,667,1801,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFC2EF88E729AF950" box="[348,503,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD950AFFCDFC8CF88D71F6F950" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[510,667,1801,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (
<specimenCount id="9D100AB5950AFFCDFE84F88D777AF950" box="[1014,1047,1801,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7950AFFD2FDB5F8A97721FFF9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C950AFFD2FDB5F8A97721FFF9" blockId="15.[151,1438,1297,2008]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFDB5F8A97257F934" bold="true" box="[199,314,1837,1863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF950AFFCDFC35F8AA728FF934" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[327,482,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E950AFFCDFC35F8AA728FF934" box="[327,482,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synergus atra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, including the speculum, without smooth areas; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; POL longer than OOL; F1 longer than F2 and antenna of females with 13 segments; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; and syntergum without micropunctures posteriorly or just with a posterodorsal patch never laterally extended. This species differs from others belonging to this group (
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FFCFFF1370D7FEC2" box="[701,954,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2FFCFFF137047FEC2" box="[701,810,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">S. bicolor</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2FE44FF1370D7FEC2" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[822,954,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medullae">S. medullae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2FEBAFF137730FEC2" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[968,1117,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FEBAFF137730FEC2" box="[968,1117,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. dimorphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2F919FF13779EFEC2" authorityName="McCracken &amp; Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[1131,1267,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressus">
S.
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2F9F8FF13779EFEC2" box="[1162,1267,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">digressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2F873FF1376F0FEC2" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[1281,1437,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2F873FF1376F0FEC2" box="[1281,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2FDB7FF3F7229FEA6" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[197,324,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignicola">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB7FF3F7229FEA6" box="[197,324,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. lignicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see below) by having frons sharply and finely striated beneath toruli, with striae running from toruli towards lateral ocelli (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FCE6FF5B728AFE89" box="[404,487,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
) (coriaceous, weakly wrinkled and/or with punctures, but never with sharp striae in the rest of species); POL more than 2.0 times as long as OOL (less than 2.0 times in the rest of species); notauli complete but less impressed and interrupted by carinae anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FE05FEA370ABFF32" box="[887,966,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
) (complete and well defined in their entire length in the rest of species); metasoma, at least in females, as high as long in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2F90DFECF77BDFF15" box="[1151,1232,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
) (longer than high in the rest of species); and male antenna with 14 segments (
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99515FFD2FE41FEEA7001FFFA" box="[819,876,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
the rest of species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79515FFD3FDB5FE16725DFDF2" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD2FDB5FE167200FFDF" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,365,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB5FE167200FFDF" bold="true" box="[199,365,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Redescription</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD2FDB5FE32719CFFA2" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,753,438,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB5FE3272CEFFA2" bold="true" box="[199,419,438,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
. Body length 2.0 mm (n = 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD2FDB5FE5E70E3FC12" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB5FE5E7266FF87" bold="true" box="[199,267,474,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FC68FE5F7233FF86" box="[282,350,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Mainly dark brown to black. Frons, vertex and occiput dark brown to black, lower face and gena dark yellow to brownish orange with some black surfaces. Antenna yellow, the tip darker. Mesosoma completely dark brown to black, tegulae dark brown. Metasoma dark chestnut to reddish black. Legs testaceous to yellow, with some infuscate areas, coxae dark. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD2FDB5FDEF7182FDD6" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB5FDEF726AFCF6" bold="true" box="[199,263,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Head</emphasis>
. In frontal view trapezoid, about 1.2 times as wide as high, gena slightly broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin just slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.5 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line about as long as height of eye. Toruli situated slightly under mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye slightly longer than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons sharply and finely striated beneath toruli, with striae running from toruli to lateral ocelli; without punctures (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FF58FCC77112FD2D" box="[554,639,835,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
). Head in dorsal view is about 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex finely striated, with scattered punctures (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FF65FCE37106FDF1" box="[535,619,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
). POL: OOL: LOL = 11: 5: 5 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3.5 (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2F84EFCE376E2FDF1" box="[1340,1423,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
). Occiput slightly imbricated, with scattered punctures.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6991B49515FFD2FDE5F919712DF8AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" targetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD2FDE5F919712DF8AA" blockId="16.[151,1436,1693,1753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDE5F9197262F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,271,1693,1717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9515FFD2FC6FF91972C1F8C6" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[285,428,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FC6FF91972C1F8C6" box="[285,428,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synergus atra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD2FDB5F8837044F9FE" blockId="16.[151,1437,1799,2042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB5F8837243F952" bold="true" box="[199,302,1799,1825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FC4CF88372FCF952" box="[318,401,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
). 13-segmented; short, filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about 1.3 times as long as F1; pedicel almost 2.0 times as long as wide; F1 about 2.0 times as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal, the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 2.5 times as long as wide and somewhat more than 2.0 times as long as F10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9515FFD3FDB5F81370ACFFA2" blockId="16.[151,1437,1799,2042]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9515FFD2FDB5F8137228F9C2" bold="true" box="[199,325,1943,1969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mesosoma</emphasis>
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD2FD9AF83F7253F9A5" box="[232,318,1979,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.31. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum strongly wrinkled; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99515FFD3F81DF85B73DEFEC2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
) about as wide as long, with dense and discontinuous weak carinae, interspaces coriaceous; anterior parallel lines weakly impressed, almost reaching 1/2 of the mesoscutum; notauli complete, but less impressed and visible anteriorly, somewhat interrupted by carinae; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines weakly impressed, reaching tegulae. Mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99514FFD3FCC6FE87716BFF6E" box="[436,518,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
) rounded, about as long as wide, strongly carinated to wrinkled; circumscutellar carina weak but visible, somewhat obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae subtriangular, well impressed and delimited, the bottom weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99514FFD3F939FECF77F6FF16" box="[1099,1179,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
) anteriorly reticulated, medially and basally more regularly striated, speculum finely striated; little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching about 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae straight and slightly convergent posteriorly. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FE5F71CAFF86" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" box="[199,679,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FE5F7392FF86" bold="true" box="[199,255,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Legs</emphasis>
. Tarsal claws with a small basal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FE7A70C4FC12" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FE7A727EFC6B" bold="true" box="[199,275,510,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99514FFD3FC51FE7B7215FC69" box="[291,376,511,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
). Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than body length. Radial cell closed, about 2.4 times as long as wide; areolet visible, but only the posterior vein well defined. Rs+M inconspicuous, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FDEF779CFC82" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FDEF722EFCF6" bold="true" box="[199,323,619,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Metasoma</emphasis>
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and about as high as long in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99514FFD3F9CCFDEF767CFCF5" box="[1214,1297,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-403@16.[157,1430,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 2. Synergus atra (lectotype, USNMENT 00779906): a) mesopleuron; b) lateral habitus; c) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; d) head in anterodorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434008/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and with a small posterodorsal patch of minute micropunctures; not dorsodistally incised, very slightly pointed. Hypopygial spine about 3.0 times as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FD7E725DFDF2" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FD7E724FFD66" bold="true" box="[199,290,762,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MALE.</emphasis>
Similar to female, except for the following: body length
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99514FFD3FEDDFD7E776BFD66" box="[943,1030,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
(n = 2). Antenna 14-segmented; F1 about 2.0 times as long as F2 (fully as long as F2 and F3 together), slightly curved, medially incised, long, more broadened apically than basally. Metasoma shorter and with a more widespread posterodorsal patch of minute micropunctures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79514FFD3FDB5FC0E7001FDD5" box="[199,876,906,934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FC0E7001FDD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" box="[199,876,906,934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FC0E7234FDD7" bold="true" box="[199,345,906,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9514FFD3FC15FC0F72CEFDD6" box="[359,419,907,933]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9514FFD3FCDCFC0F7174FDD6" box="[430,537,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Michigan</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9514FFD3FF22FC0F71D5FDD6" box="[592,696,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colorado</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9514FFD3FFBBFC0F700DFDD5" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[713,864,907,934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79514FFD3FDB5FC2A738DFD9D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FC2A738DFD9D" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FC2A724CFDBB" bold="true" box="[199,289,942,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology</emphasis>
. Reared from an unknown gall and from asexual galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FED0FC2B73B1FD9D" authority="(Gillette, 1893) (Gillette 1896)" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FED0FC2B77E8FDBA" box="[930,1157,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Disholcaspis rubens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9514FFD3F9E7FC2B765DFDBA" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1173,1328,943,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="110 - 111" refId="ref102955" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1893) Two new cynipids from Washington state. The Canadian Entomologist, 25 (4), 110 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 25110 - 4" type="journal article" year="1893">Gillette, 1893</bibRefCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9514FFD3F83AFC2B73BEFD9D" author="Gillette, C. P." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79514FFD3FDB5FC73710BFAD3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FC7377C8FA46" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FDB5FC737259FA62" bold="true" box="[199,308,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FC30FC7372B0FA63" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[322,477,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FC30FC7372B0FA63" box="[322,477,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synergus atra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from 3ϐ and
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59514FFD3FE6CFC73702DFA62" box="[798,832,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9514FFD3FE3DFC73777FFA61" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[847,1042,1015,1042]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896: 86</bibRefCitation>
). We located and examined 2ϐ and
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59514FFD3FDE5FB9F73D7FA46" box="[151,186,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
belonging to the type series deposited in USNM. A
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9514FFD3FE70FB9F7004FA46" box="[770,873,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
has herein been designated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9514FFD3FDB5FBBB710BFAD3" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The host plant is not mentioned in the original description, but
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FEF1FBBB709CFA2A" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[899,1009,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FEF1FBBB709CFA2A" box="[899,1009,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls were collected from several species of oaks from
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FC16FBE772AFFA0E" box="[356,450,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FC16FBE772AFFA0E" box="[356,450,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9514FFD3FF5AFBE77197FA0E" author="Burks, B. D." box="[552,762,1123,1149]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979: 1092</bibRefCitation>
):
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FE7CFBE770A8FA0E" box="[782,965,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FE7CFBE770F3FA0F" box="[782,926,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">Q. arizonica</taxonomicName>
, Q.
</emphasis>
x
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FE91FBE772C8FAD2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FE91FBE77724FA0E" box="[995,1097,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">undulata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3F927FBE777B0FA0E" box="[1109,1245,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="qambelii">Q. qambelii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3F99BFBE776F5FA0E" box="[1257,1432,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">Q. oblongifolia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FDE5FB037264FAD3" authorityName="Nee" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,265,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">Q. rugosa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FC67FB0372C8FAD2" baseAuthorityName="Burks 1979:" baseAuthorityYear="1093" box="[277,421,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turbinella">Q. turbinella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9514FFD3FC91FB03710BFAD3" box="[483,614,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9514FFD3FC91FB03710FFAD3" box="[483,610,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toumeyi">Q. toumeyi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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