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<document id="081BFC50909A1B558C6B5DF69444FE09" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4136.1.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4136.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d620461c-f45a-4ea5-800c-ed6298e631bd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261786" ID-ZooBank="BBC55637-6919-43B3-BB85-83E2AFFE2CED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1467726852934" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Davis, Donald R., Solis, M. Alma &amp; Torres, Nixon Cumbicus" docDate="2016" docId="03B47A7DFFEEA133D7C14555A83DFEA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4136.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4136 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella confertae Diskus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FF8D0205FFF9A12AD7564160A92DFFBF" masterDocTitle="The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1698363551601" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="05FD34CD78DE83254FB3C1D40979119C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="EED1618B96243E002A93196BB61969DE">
<mods:title id="2E91F8F1138C85BD2023C080E7114F28">The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="51AE4ABB45BAF1389C293E7B455A70A1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7D4A8D57BD3D71C998122BEE42220306">
<mods:roleTerm id="2409832A11AD5C444D9813EE4F5052CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="75F52DA009A451C4232FF44E7F1E601E">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C131FC6D890831541F723F696142CEB8">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F6C4996E6F62DC20AA016C737E408B65" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F6151EC3A7CB334B7865D877503B4362">
<mods:roleTerm id="849832338AF9A73A4987D5C92D802D57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="502F46A23ADFB07D14D8D633777ED683">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E41146EA962B4608C66B7EB671AFF72">Davis, Donald R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2C561D44867B61A08F3AAA69625350F3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6CC86BE36B48ED14E84BD1B5C9396ABC">
<mods:roleTerm id="CF197621DBC8E295116C3A0334B351C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="30DD46149E251CB4289700FD498D157F">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4FD713F657C2AD8BD145FB19B4D17E64" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C582EFA95F8C08B59F13D1CCFAE559F6">
<mods:roleTerm id="0632F0793B5911733D9E8A81E1D3F543">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BB55C6206D654E476AB1CE552266994F">Torres, Nixon Cumbicus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="857D32330E2FA97CA1147AEB170A270F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E705788622A89952B166B5656450D921">
<mods:title id="6791BC99AE4E26832D2431B0923A29D3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="83776B2D712AA28BEB2351AEFCDEEF58">
<mods:date id="3FFD5272262F28F66A628B62747AABC6">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0855764BFF89A43176AD5F48418E9E55" type="volume">
<mods:number id="73C9432FE047D7E952DEB6F1468C66E6">4136</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="167EDBF649B35574938F584E2B9DE71E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="10DDC02391ED01FF63E1D039B8A282FE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DD39A1C1F09327CCEB8608C7E636265A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9771195FBCF7C53A7C790CFDB5F96F7E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4136.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B47A7DFFEEA133D7C14555A83DFEA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070517" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121269112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070517" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B47A7DFFEEA133D7C14555A83DFEA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B47A7DFFEEA133D7C14555A83DFEA2" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD7C14555ABF5FBF0" box="[151,728,1076,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7C14555ABF5FBF0" blockId="23.[151,728,1076,1136]" box="[151,728,1076,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<heading id="D0EA7C07FFEEA13DD7C14555ABF5FBF0" bold="true" box="[151,728,1076,1103]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7C14555ABF5FBF0" bold="true" box="[151,728,1076,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
8.
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD7E24554AB43FBF0" ID-CoL="52LX8" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[180,622,1076,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confertae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7E24554A8B0FBF1" bold="true" box="[180,413,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Stigmella confertae</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AAA02FFEEA13DD52D4555ABF5FBF0" box="[635,728,1077,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD7C14537A875FBCF" box="[151,344,1111,1136]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7C14537A875FBCF" blockId="23.[151,728,1076,1136]" box="[151,344,1111,1136]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
(
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD7C94537A9C0FBCF" box="[159,237,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Current records of Stigmella species feeding on plants from the genus Baccharis L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261788/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD7AC4538A87DFBCF" box="[250,336,1112,1136]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStart-1="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId-0="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox-0="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,357,1861]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[151,1436,339,1861]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." captionText-1="FIGURES 104 – 107. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. and leaf-mines on Baccharis salicifolia. 104, female genitalia of S. confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 638 (ZMUC); 105, 106, Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers.; 107, leaf-mines of unknown Stigmella species on Baccharis salicifolia." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/261806/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">97–104</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD7C145FFAAADFA9B" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7C145FFAAADFA9B" blockId="23.[151,1437,1183,2037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7C145FFA86FFB07" bold="true" box="[151,322,1183,1208]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<typeStatus id="54A675C9FFEEA13DD7C145FFA9FFFB07" box="[151,210,1183,1208]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A675C9FFEEA13DD60345FFA8EFFB07" box="[341,450,1183,1208]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ♀ (see Remarks),
<collectingCountry id="F30A8BFBFFEEA13DD5FD45C0AA1AFB07" box="[683,823,1184,1208]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
: Napo Province, ca.
<quantity id="4CE5668EFFEEA13DD36745C0AD50FB07" box="[1073,1149,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
W Papallacta (páramo),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29ADACFFEEA13DD7C145A4A826FB62" box="[151,267,1220,1245]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" precision="15" value="-0.36249998">0°21'45&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE29ADACFFEEA13DD64045A4A8B2FB62" box="[278,415,1220,1245]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" precision="15" value="-78.193054">78°11'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, elevation
<quantity id="4CE5668EFFEEA13DD54E45A4AB9EFB63" box="[536,691,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="3750.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3700.0">3700–3800 m</quantity>
a.s.l., mining larvae on
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD49645A4ADCBFB62" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[960,1254,1220,1245]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD49645A4ADB8FB63" box="[960,1173,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFA3EDABFFEEA13DD3A745A4AC70FB62" box="[1265,1373,1220,1245]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" value="2005-01-13">13.i.2005</date>
, field card no. 4862, leg. A. Diškus, J. R. Stonis, genitalia slide nos AD638♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED0C53AEFFEEA13DD4884588AD18FABF" box="[990,1077,1256,1280]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="54A675C9FFEEA13DD31C4588AD9CFABF" box="[1098,1201,1256,1280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: 1 ♀ (see Remarks), same label data as
<typeStatus id="54A675C9FFEEA13DD63F446CA8E3FA9A" box="[361,462,1292,1317]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, genitalia slide no. AD642♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED0C53AEFFEEA13DD44B446CAA59FA9B" box="[797,884,1292,1316]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD791444FAC03FA2F" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD791444FAC03FA2F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1183,2037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD791444FA86CFAF7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1327,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species differs from all other known Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD4B6444FAD64FAF7" box="[992,1097,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD4B6444FAD64FAF7" box="[992,1097,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the female genitalia by the combination of a very large accessory sac, small corpus bursae with indictinctive comb-like pectinations, and large pointed anterior apophyses. The host-plant
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD52A4417AA7CFA2F" box="[636,849,1399,1424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD52A4417AA7CFA2F" box="[636,849,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also makes this species highly distinctive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD79144FCABC7F84B" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD79144FCA8A5FA0A" blockId="23.[151,1437,1183,2037]" box="[199,392,1436,1461]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD79144FCA829FA0A" bold="true" box="[199,260,1436,1461]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Male</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD79144DFAD4EF99F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1183,2037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD79144DFA833FA67" bold="true" box="[199,286,1471,1496]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD66644DFA8B8FA67" box="[304,405,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
). Head: frontal tuft ochre; collar and scape cream; antenna longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 27–28 segments (n=2), fuscous. Thorax and tegula fuscous. Forewing unicolorous (fascia indistinct or absent; see Remarks), fuscous with purple iridescence. Abdomen fuscous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD791474CADD6F948" blockId="23.[151,1437,1183,2037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD791474CA8A6F9FA" bold="true" box="[199,395,1580,1605]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD6CC474CA8D1F9FB" box="[410,508,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,339,1861]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. and leaf-mines on Baccharis salicifolia. 104, female genitalia of S. confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 638 (ZMUC); 105, 106, Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers.; 107, leaf-mines of unknown Stigmella species on Baccharis salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261806/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
). Total length about 675 µm. Abdominal apex broadly rounded, about 110–120 µm broad. Anterior and posterior apophyses almost equal in lenght; anterior apophyses very broad proximally, strongly narrowing (pointed) distally; posterior apophyses 110–145 µm long, very slender. Vestibulum very broad, without sclerites. Corpus bursae with folded distal part and with broader, oval-shaped, 260–265 µm long, 180–205 µm broad, basal part, without signa; pectinations comb-like, indistintive, hardly visible (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD31A47DCAD82F96B" box="[1100,1199,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,339,1861]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. and leaf-mines on Baccharis salicifolia. 104, female genitalia of S. confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 638 (ZMUC); 105, 106, Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers.; 107, leaf-mines of unknown Stigmella species on Baccharis salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261806/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
). Accessory sac very large, folded; ductus spermathecae slender, with one distinct, strongly chitinized plate-like structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7914664ABC7F84B" blockId="23.[151,1437,1183,2037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7914664A867F8A2" bold="true" box="[199,330,1796,1821]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Larvae mine in leaves (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD5344664AA2EF8A3" box="[610,771,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs 100–102</figureCitation>
). Host-plant:
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD4C94664AC70F8A3" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[927,1373,1796,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD4C94664AD5AF8A3" box="[927,1143,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
Kunth (Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD2384664A99AF8FF" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
). Larvae bright green with dark grey-green intestine and dark brown head; mine in early January (and judging on numerous vacant leaf-mines) also in December. Leaf-mine as a gallery strongly widening and contorted in distal third (therefore resembling a blotch) (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD56B460FABF1F837" box="[573,732,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs 100, 101</figureCitation>
). Usually but not always the distal part of leaf-mine is in distal portion of the leaf-blade (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD6EE46F4AB36F813" box="[440,539,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
). Black frass (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD5EA46F4AA31F813" box="[700,796,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
) filling most of gallery except in the final part. Old leafmines appear brownish cream, distinctive (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD52B46D8ABCDF86F" box="[637,736,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
). Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon grey-ochre to ochre; length
<quantity id="4CE5668EFFEEA13DD61B46BCA8BCF84B" box="[333,401,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, maximum width 1.5–1.6 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF629BE3FFE1A132D7C14673A85BF8D9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" targetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFE1A132D7C14673A85BF8D9" blockId="24.[151,1436,1811,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D7C14673A870F897" bold="true" box="[151,349,1811,1834]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">FIGURES 97–103</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFE1A132D63B4673ABC3F896" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[365,750,1811,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confertae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D63B4673A8E1F897" box="[365,460,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Stigmella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D6804674AB18F896" box="[470,565,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">confertae</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D5AA4674AA7DF896" bold="true" box="[764,848,1812,1833]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AAA02FFE1A132D5AA4674AA7DF896" box="[764,848,1812,1833]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700–3800 m; 98, host-plant
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFE1A132D4BE4652ADD5F8F7" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[1000,1272,1842,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D4BE4652AD62F8F8" box="[1000,1103,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Baccharis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D30E4652AD81F8F8" box="[1112,1196,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">conferta</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
; 100–102, leafmines; 103, forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFE1A132D79146EEAA3CF875" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFE1A132D79146EEAA3CF875" blockId="24.[151,1436,1934,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D79146EEA874F818" bold="true" box="[199,345,1934,1959]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFE1A132D63F46EEA883F818" box="[361,430,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Current records of Stigmella species feeding on plants from the genus Baccharis L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261788/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This species occurs high in the equatorial Andes (
<collectingCountry id="F30A8BFBFFE1A132D4AF46EEAD71F818" box="[1017,1116,1934,1959]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
: Napo Province) at altitudes between
<quantity id="4CE5668EFFE1A132D7AD46D2A8B5F875" box="[251,408,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="3750.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="3700.0">3700–3800 m</quantity>
, in páramo habitats (
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFE1A132D5D446D2AA29F875" box="[642,772,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 103" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[248,1362,194,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 103. Stigmella confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 97, 99, habitat, páramo, 10 km W of Papallacta, Napo Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3700 – 3800 m; 98, host-plant Baccharis conferta Kunth; 100 – 102, leafmines; 103, forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261805/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Figs 97, 99</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFE1A132D79146B6AD2FF851" box="[199,1026,2006,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFE1A132D79146B6AD2FF851" blockId="24.[151,1436,1934,2031]" box="[199,1026,2006,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D79146B6A863F850" bold="true" box="[199,334,2006,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the host-plant
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE1A132D47246B6AD2FF851" box="[804,1026,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFE1A132D47246B6AAD3F851" box="[804,1022,2006,2031]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">Baccharis conferta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFE0A133D79141F7A83DFEA2" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFE0A133D79141F7A83DFEA2" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE0A133D79141F7A819FF0F" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Remarks</emphasis>
. This distinctive high altitude new species, associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFE0A133D4BB41F7ADEBFF0F" box="[1005,1222,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="B9691779FFE0A133D4BB41F7ADEBFF0F" box="[1005,1222,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Baccharis conferta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a host-plant, is described from the genitalia slides dissected from adults still enclosed within the pupa shell. It seems, that this species is difficult to rear indoors (mortality rate is about 90–95%; the causes of the high mortality remains unknown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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