449 lines
58 KiB
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449 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5C40160F43B7D25A929DC5083C2B0F3C">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF1CFFC3C8AF2CFAC" bold="true" box="[151,696,943,969]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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40.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF19BFC3C8AF2CFAC" ID-CoL="4H8BC" authority="(Meyrick, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[195,696,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19BFC3C89A0CFAC" bold="true" box="[195,490,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Phyllonorycter loxozona</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF0A2FC3C8AFACFAC" author="Meyrick" box="[506,688,943,969]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref197972" refString="Meyrick, E. (1936) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 5 (1 - 2), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1936">Meyrick, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF1CFFC418A4CCF8F" blockId="116.[151,696,943,1002]" box="[151,518,978,1002]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B167FFFEF1C7FC418955CF8F" box="[159,287,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–86" captionStartId="201.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-137@201.[226,1361,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURES 81–86. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 81, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype 6494♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.i.1955, in TMSA. 82, Phyllonorycter didymopa, ♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003287. 83, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype ♀, Uganda, Busunju, 02.x.1935, leg. H.C. Taylor, in BMNH. 84, Phyllonorycter loxozona, ♀, South Africa, Rustenburg, 10–17.xi.1976, leg. Potgieter & Molekane, in TMSA. 85, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis, holotype, Antananarivo, leg. R. Paulian. The drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the original description and the drawing of Viette (1949: 175–176, fig. 5). 86, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype ♀, Tanzania, Morogoro, 25.iii.1992, leg. L. Aarvik, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004128." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052185/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Figs 83, 84</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B167FFFEF073FC4189DACF8F" box="[299,400,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 237–239" captionStartId="231.[151,264,1512,1535]" captionTargetBox="[176,1421,216,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-43@231.[153,1434,193,1491]" captionTargetPageId="231" captionText="FIGURES 237–239. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 237–239, Phyllonorycter loxozona, paratype, B.M. genitalia prep. 3924, in BMNH. 237, ventral view. 238, sternum VIII. 239, cucullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052310/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">237–239</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B167FFFEF0C3FC41898DCF8F" box="[411,455,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 332–333" captionStartId="261.[151,263,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,196,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-56@261.[151,1436,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURES 332–333. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 332, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. 6110, in BMNH. 333, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00370, in RMCA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052443/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">332</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B167FFFEF08BFC4189B4CF8F" box="[467,510,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 391–402" captionStartId="275.[151,263,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,192,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-71@275.[218,1369,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURES 391–402. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 391, Phyllonorycter loxozona. 392, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis. 393, Phyllonorycter aarviki. 394, Phyllonorycter anchistea. 395, Phyllonorycter melanosparta. 396, Phyllonorycter melhaniae. 397, Phyllonorycter rongensis. 398, Phyllonorycter mida. 399, Phyllonorycter tsavensis. 400, Phyllonorycter obandai. 401, Phyllonorycter farensis. 402, Phyllonorycter fletcheri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052493/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">391</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF1CFFB89893DC855" authorityName="Prins & Kawahara" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,375,1050,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF1CFFB89893DC855" box="[151,375,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Lithocolletis loxozona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF0C9FB898A12C855" author="Meyrick, E." box="[401,600,1050,1072]" page="33" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1936">
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF33BFB898B73C855" author="Vari, L." box="[611,825,1050,1072]" page="221" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF33BFB898B73C855" author="Vari" box="[611,825,1050,1072]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="221 - 223" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 221–223</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 23: 8, pl. 49: 5, pl. 106: 5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF1CFFBAA8AD3C80B" blockId="116.[151,1436,1050,1195]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF1CFFBAA89D8C82A" authority="(Meyrick, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[151,402,1081,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozana">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF1CFFBAA89D8C82A" box="[151,402,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Phyllonorycter loxozana</emphasis>
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[sic]—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF086FBAA8AD8C82A" author="Bland, K. P." box="[478,658,1081,1103]" page="33" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF086FBAA8AD8C82A" author="Bland" box="[478,658,1081,1103]" firstAuthor="Bland" page="33" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="25 - 35" refId="ref190158" refString="Bland, K. P. (1980) Nigerian Gracillariidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 34, 25 - 35." type="journal article" year="1980">Bland (1980: 33)</bibRefCitation>
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|
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n. comb.,
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF25BFBAA8CCBC82A" author="Lopez-Vaamonde, C. & Godfray, H. C. J. & Cook, J. M." box="[771,1153,1081,1103]" page="1818" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF25BFBAA8CCBC82A" author="Lopez-Vaamonde" box="[771,1153,1081,1103]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lopez-Vaamonde" page="1818" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1804 - 1821" refId="ref196835" refString="Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Godfray, H. C. J. & Cook, J. M. (2003) Evolutionary dynamics of host-plant use in a genus of leaf-mining moths. Evolution, 57, 1804 - 1821." type="journal article" year="2003">
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||
Lopez-Vaamonde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF2E6FBA98BA7C82A" box="[958,1005,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
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. (2003: 1818)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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[misidentification], Lopez-Vaamonde
|
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF060FBCA8921C80B" box="[312,363,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
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(2006: 7) [misidentification].
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF1CFFBE48C67C8CE" blockId="116.[151,1436,1050,1195]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B167FFFEF1CFFBE48C67C8CE" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF1CFFBE489DBC8E8" ID-CoL="4H8BC" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[151,401,1143,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF1CFFBE489DBC8E8" box="[151,401,1143,1165]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Phyllonorycter loxozona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF0F3FBE58AECC8E9" author="Vari, L. & Kroon, D." box="[427,678,1142,1164]" page="51" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF0F3FBE58AECC8E9" author="Vari & Kroon" box="[427,678,1142,1164]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="51" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref201567" refString="Vari, L. & Kroon, D. (1986) Southern African Lepidoptera. A series of cross-referenced indices. Lepidopterists Society of Southern Africa and the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, 198 pp." type="book" year="1986">Vári & Kroon (1986: 51</bibRefCitation>
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|
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, 136, 157),
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF27AFBE48B85C8E9" author="Kroon, D. M." box="[802,975,1142,1164]" page="46" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF27AFBE48B85C8E9" author="Kroon" box="[802,975,1142,1164]" firstAuthor="Kroon" page="46" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195458" refString="Kroon, D. M. (1999) Lepidoptera of Southern Africa: host-plants and other associations. Sasolburg Litho (Pty) Ltd., 160 1 - 48 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Kroon (1999: 46</bibRefCitation>
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, 101),
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF54EFBE58D63C8E9" author="Dall'Asta, U. & De Prins, J. & De Prins, W." box="[1046,1321,1142,1165]" page="34" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF54EFBE58D63C8E9" author="Dall'Asta" box="[1046,1321,1142,1165]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="34" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
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Dall’Asta
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF5D8FBE48CE4C8E8" box="[1152,1198,1143,1165]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
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. (2001: 34)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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,
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF46CFBE58979C8CE" author="Vari, L. & Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M." page="26" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF46CFBE58979C8CE" author="Vari" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vari" page="26" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref201604" refString="Vari, L., Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M. (2002) Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, xxi + 385 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Vári
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF430FBE48DDCC8E8" box="[1384,1430,1143,1165]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002: 26)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B167FFFEF065FB058AC7C8CE" author="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J." box="[317,653,1173,1195]" page="314" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF065FB058AC7C8CE" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[317,653,1173,1195]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="314" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins (2005: 314)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B167FFFEF3CFFB058B88C8CE" author="De Prins & Mozuraitis" box="[663,962,1173,1195]" firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref192063" refString="De Prins, J. & Mozuraitis, R. (2006) A new species of Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from Kenya discovered by using the sex attractant Z 8 - tetradecen- 1 yl acetate. Zootaxa, 1124, 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">De Prins & Mozūraitis (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1, 5).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB167FFFEF1CFFB448DC3C952" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF1CFFB448DC3C952" blockId="116.[151,1436,1239,2020]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF1CFFB44895BC895" bold="true" box="[151,273,1239,1264]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The forewing pattern resembles very closely that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF23AFB4B8CCDC895" box="[866,1159,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF23AFB4B8CC9C895" box="[866,1155,1240,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">Phyllonorycter didymopa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
But slight differences in external characters enable to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF31CFB6E8A8FC971" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[580,709,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF31CFB6E8A8FC971" box="[580,709,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF253FB6E8BDFC971" box="[779,917,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF253FB6E8BDFC971" box="[779,917,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. didymopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male and female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF5A9FB6E8D38C971" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1265,1394,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF5A9FB6E8D38C971" box="[1265,1394,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highly distinctive from all the other Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF3E4FAB38BF7C952" box="[700,957,1311,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF3E4FAB38B2EC95D" box="[700,868,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the set of characters presented below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB167FFFEF19FFAD08CB7CB69" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFAD08BB7C9C6" blockId="116.[151,1436,1239,2020]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFAD089FEC939" bold="true" box="[199,436,1347,1372]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF0E6FAD78BB7C9C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736363" collectingDate="1935-10-02" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="H. C. Taylor" country="Uganda" location="Busunju" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF0E6FAD78A6FC939" box="[446,549,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BFECE4B167FFFEF0E6FAD78A6FC939" box="[446,549,1348,1372]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0299CFB167FFFEF360FAD78A07C93E" box="[568,589,1348,1371]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, [1] ‘Type’; [2] ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF243FAD78B32C939" bold="true" box="[795,888,1348,1372]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31312D6B167FFFEF243FAD78B32C939" box="[795,888,1348,1372]" name="Uganda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8EDB049DB167FFFEF2CDFAD78BB8C939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B167FFFCF1CFFC3C8D03CE8A:8EDB049DB167FFFEF2CDFAD78BB8C939" box="[917,1010,1348,1372]" country="Uganda" name="Busunju" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Busunju</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFBA7486B167FFFEF548FAD78C3BC939" box="[1040,1137,1348,1372]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="1935-10-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFE8D6EB167FFFEF548FAD78C3BC939" box="[1040,1137,1348,1372]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="1935-10-02">2.x.1935</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ [leg.]
|
||
<collectorName id="26F13790B167FFFEF58EFAD78D26C939" box="[1238,1388,1348,1372]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">H. C. Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
; [3] ‘Larvae mines at / base of leaf of /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF378FAFB8B59C91A" box="[544,787,1384,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF378FAFB8B59C91A" box="[544,787,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Dombeya emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’; [4] ‘B.M. ♀ / Genitalia slide / No. 6110’; [5] ‘Pres. by / Imp.Inst. Ent. / B.M. 1936-552; [6] ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF36AFA1F8B60C9C1" authority="Prins & Kawahara, 2012" authorityName="Prins & Kawahara" authorityYear="2012" box="[562,810,1420,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF36AFA1F8B60C9C1" box="[562,810,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Lithocolletis loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB167FFFEF269FA1F8B38C9C1" box="[817,882,1420,1444]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
’, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF2F9FA1F8BB2C9C6" box="[929,1016,1420,1443]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FFA228CBDCA56" blockId="116.[151,1436,1239,2020]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF19FFA228ACCCA6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736571" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FFA228973C9AD" box="[199,313,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
: 2♂ (including 1♂ genitalia preparation).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF244FA238BC8C9AD" bold="true" box="[796,898,1456,1480]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Uganda:</emphasis>
|
||
1♂, Cotype; Busunju, 2.x.1935, [leg.] T. H. C. Taylor; larvae mines at base of leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF31CFA478B7DC989" box="[580,823,1492,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF31CFA478B7DC989" box="[580,823,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Dombeya emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent., B.M. 1936-552;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF448FA4788B6CA75" authority="Prins & Kawahara, 2012" authorityName="Prins & Kawahara" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF448FA4788B6CA75" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Lithocolletis loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB167FFFEF05CFA6B8908CA6A" box="[260,322,1528,1551]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, E. Meyrick det., in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF373FA6B8AC8CA6A" box="[555,642,1528,1551]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF3D6FA648CBDCA56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736513" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
1♂, Paratype; Busunju, Uganda, TT. bred 10.35; genitalia prep. B.M. 3924♂,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF1AAF98F8A7CCA51" authority="Meyr." authorityName="Meyr." box="[242,566,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF1AAF98F89A3CA51" box="[242,489,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Lithocolletis loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
Meyr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, det. E. Meyrick, in Meyrick Coll., B.M. 1938-290, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF5C4F98F8CBECA56" box="[1180,1268,1564,1587]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FF9D38CB7CB69" blockId="116.[151,1436,1239,2020]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FF9D389E9CA3D" box="[199,419,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
: 3♂, 4♀ and 1 specimen (including 3♂ and 4♀ genitalia preparations).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF592F9AC8CC7CAFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736438" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF592F9AC8D29CA3D" bold="true" box="[1226,1379,1599,1624]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">South Africa</emphasis>
|
||
: 1♀, Hartbeespoort Dam, Pta.Dist. [Pretoria District], 17.xii.1958, Ac[quisition]. no. 1701, gen. prep. 7796♀,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B167FFFEF469F9F78956CAC5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF469F9F78956CAC5" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Dombeya rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF011F91489D0CAFA" box="[329,410,1671,1695]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
. 1♀, same locality data, 16.xii.1955, gen. prep. 7682♀, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF560F9148CC3CAFA" box="[1080,1161,1671,1695]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF5CDF9148BCDCAA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736618" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
1♂: same locality data, 20.ii.1955, Ac[quisition]. no. 1528, gen. prep. 7681♂, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF26AF93F8BC9CAA1" box="[818,899,1708,1732]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF2C9F93F8C81CA82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736616" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
1♂, same locality data, 01.ii.1955, gen. prep. 7188♂, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF078F95C893BCA82" box="[288,369,1743,1767]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
. 1♂: same data except date 21.ii.1955; gen. prep. 7798♂, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF52EF95C8C8DCA82" box="[1142,1223,1743,1767]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB167FFFEF582F95C8CB7CB69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736493" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
1♀: Rustenburg, Natuurreservaat, 10–17.xi.1976, [leg.] Potgieter & Molekane; gen. prep. De Prins 3697♀, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B167FFFEF5F0F9678CB3CB69" box="[1192,1273,1780,1804]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB167FFFFF19FF8848CA0CBB9" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFEF19FF8848BFBCB4A" blockId="116.[151,1436,1239,2020]" box="[199,945,1815,1840]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FF884893FCB55" bold="true" box="[199,373,1815,1840]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" reason="1">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF023F88B89F2CB55" box="[379,440,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B167FFFEF09EF8848A03CB4A" box="[454,585,1815,1839]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–86" captionStartId="201.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-137@201.[226,1361,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURES 81–86. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 81, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype 6494♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.i.1955, in TMSA. 82, Phyllonorycter didymopa, ♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003287. 83, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype ♀, Uganda, Busunju, 02.x.1935, leg. H.C. Taylor, in BMNH. 84, Phyllonorycter loxozona, ♀, South Africa, Rustenburg, 10–17.xi.1976, leg. Potgieter & Molekane, in TMSA. 85, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis, holotype, Antananarivo, leg. R. Paulian. The drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the original description and the drawing of Viette (1949: 175–176, fig. 5). 86, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype ♀, Tanzania, Morogoro, 25.iii.1992, leg. L. Aarvik, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004128." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052185/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Figs 83, 84</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length: 2.8–3.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B167FFFFF19FF8AF8C1DCC92" blockId="116.[151,1436,1239,2020]" lastBlockId="117.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B167FFFEF19FF8AF8947CB31" box="[199,269,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex tufted with white piliform scales intermixed with brown ochreous, more abundant posteriorly and dorsolaterally; frons shiny whitish. Labial palpus, slightly longer than eye, directed downwards, drooping, with sharp apex, white with a few fuscous scales ventrally, more abundant on ventral side of palpomere III. Maxilary palpus very short, porrect, white; haustellum pale beige. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, with 46 flagellomeres, not clealy ringed; each flagellomere with sequence of light ochreous and light beige smooth scales, pale ochreous light to ca. 2/3 length, gradually darkened to fuscous at apical 1/3 dorsally, ventrally flagellomeres dirty white, pedicel pale beige ochreous; antennal scape white anteriorly and ochreous posteriorly, with dark brown tipped scales; 8–10 pecten white of different length, longest ones ca. as long as scape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B166FFFFF19FFE978C6FCF89" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B166FFFFF19FFE978952CD79" box="[199,280,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: White, tegulae ochreous anteriorly and white posteriorly. Forewing elongate, ground colour ochreous brown with white markings consisting of basal streak, two fasciae, two costal strigulae and one dorsal strigula; basal streak short, broader at base of dorsum, parallel to costa, not edged, first fascia close to base, oblique, directed towards apex, tapering, blunt at costa, fine edged apically with row of black scales, second fascia at 1/2 straight transverse, swelled at dorsal sector and bluntly tapering at costa, edged on both sides with row of black scales, costal strigula at 3/4 triangular, almost reaching midline of forewing, edged basally, dorsal strigula opposite costal strigula, larger than costal, triangular, reaching midline of forewing, edged basally; apical strigula comma shaped, narrow, rather long, terminating beyond midline of forewing, not edged. Irroration of blackish scales separates first costal and first dorsal strigulae, extending to apical termen and tornal sectors; fringe as long as width of forewing, light ochreous with fuscous metallic shine. Hindwing fuscous with long shiny fringe of same colour as hindwing. Fore coxa whitish, fore femur light brown fuscous dorsally and pale whitish beige ventrally, tibia fuscous with subbasal white patch, tarsomere I fuscous with white basal half, tarsomere II fuscous with dirty white subapical patch, tarsomere III fuscous, terminal tarsomeres light ochreous; mid-femur dirty white irrorated with dark fuscous scales subbasally, mid-tibia dirty white with 3 dark fuscous ochreous patches: small basal, median, and largest apical, tibial spurs white with dark brown subapices; tarsomeres I white with light ochreous median patch, tarsomere II white, tarsomere III white with pale ochreous apical part, terminal tarsomeres dirty white; hind coxa dirty white with some ochreous scales, hind femur white with ochreous median patch, hind tibia white with light ochreous patch stretching from middle to subapex and mixed with fuscous scales, median spurs dirty white with small dark brown subbasal patch and large elongate subapical patch, apical spurs dirty white with patch subbasaly and other patch subapically of equal size or only with one patch subapically, tarsomeres I–II white with faint fuscous patches subapically, tarsomere III white, terminal tarsomeres dirty white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B166FFFFF19FFC6B8C9AC832" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B166FFFFF19FFC6B897BC875" box="[199,305,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. mainly dark fuscous, terga I–II greyish ochreous, terga III–V silverish grey, terga VI–VIII dark fuscous; underside pale, whitish, sterna I–IV gradually shading to light ochreous, sterna V–VIII light ochreous. SternumVIII in males short, truncate, strongly tapering caudally with blunt, light bidentate apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B166FFFFF19FFBF78952C912" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B166FFFFF19FFBF78938C819" box="[199,370,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B166FFFFF0D0FBF78A65C819" box="[392,559,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 237–239" captionStartId="231.[151,264,1512,1535]" captionTargetBox="[176,1421,216,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-43@231.[153,1434,193,1491]" captionTargetPageId="231" captionText="FIGURES 237–239. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 237–239, Phyllonorycter loxozona, paratype, B.M. genitalia prep. 3924, in BMNH. 237, ventral view. 238, sternum VIII. 239, cucullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052310/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Figs 237–239</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen rather short, weakly sclerotized; tuba analis long, protruding, membranous, naked, truncate apically. A pair of setae on apex of tegumen at sides of tubal analis appendage. Valvae symmetrical, ca. twice as long as sternum VIII, curved, broader basally, costal and dorsal margins parallel to 1/5, costal margin sinuate from 1/5 to 2/3, narrowest at 2/3; apical 1/3 curved, broadened, gently rounded at apex; very strongly setose at apical 1/3 with fine short hairs, transtilla as broad as diameter of aedoeagus, sclerotized; vinculum broad half moon shaped, strongly sclerotized, saccus short, bluntly pointed; aedoeagus slightly longer than valva, curved, tubular, tapering towards vesica, bluntly pointed, coecum heavily, vesica weakly sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B166FFFFF19FFA178B34CBDD" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B166FFFFF19FFA1789C0C9F9" box="[199,394,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B166FFFFF0C4FA178A4DC9F9" box="[412,519,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 332–333" captionStartId="261.[151,263,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,196,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-56@261.[151,1436,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURES 332–333. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 332, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. 6110, in BMNH. 333, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00370, in RMCA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052443/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Figs 332</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales connected laterally, oval with broadly rounded apices, ca 1.3 longer than wide, weakly sclerotized, covered with scarce short setae on apical sector of papillae anales and long fine scarce setae on lateral surface; basal bar raher broad, sclerotized, bases of posterior apophyses laterally elongate wide, triangular, well sclerotized. Posterior apophyses well sclerotized, slightly sinuate, twice wider at basal half, narrow at apical half with sharply pointed apices, ca. 270–290 µm (n = 3) long, nearly reaching posterior margin of segment VII. Anterior apophyses slightly more slender than posterior apophyses, equally slender throughout, slightly curved, sharply pointed, slightly shorter than posterior apophyses, ca. 220–240 µm (n = 3) long, reaching subanterior sector of segment VII. Segment VIII weakly sclerotized, weakly connected with segment VII. Segment VII sclerotized, broad trapezoidal, sternum VII shorter than tergum VII, with strongly sclerotized, bowed edges anteriorly, ca. 320 µm long. Ostium bursae located at posterior edge of segment VII, with narrow but heavily sclerotized posterior edge, ringed, antrum tubular, saccular, 2/3 as long as sternum VII, gently tapering into ductus bursae, sclerotized, densely covered with microspinules arranged in regular rows; ductus bursae long, about as long as corpus bursae (ca. 522–553 µm long), a small sclerotized plate appressed to ductus bursae anteriad of antrum; corpus bursae moderate, simple, slightly elongated, gently rounded caudally, ca. 540 µm long, ca. 350 µm wide; no signum. Bulla spermathecae tiny, kidney-shaped, located between segments VII and VI, ductus spermathecae, short, tightly compacted from 36–39 spirals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B166FFFFF19FF8508CA0CBB9" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1258,1987,2012]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B166FFFFF19FF850890BCBB9" bold="true" box="[199,321,1987,2012]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
There is a little variation in the width and margin of the first fascia of the forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB165FFFCF19FFF048B0FCD79" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B165FFFCF19FFF048B0FCD79" blockId="118.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF19FFF04896CCCD5" bold="true" box="[199,294,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" reason="1">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF06AFF0B89E1CCD5" box="[306,427,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Hostplants</emphasis>
|
||
. Two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF323FF0B8AACCCD5" box="[635,742,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF323FF0B8AACCCD5" box="[635,742,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Dombeya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF3A1FF048B32CCCA" box="[761,888,151,175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
] have been recorded as hosts:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF5B1FF0A88A1CCB1" authority="K. Schum." authorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buettneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF5B1FF0A8D3ECCD5" box="[1257,1396,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">D. buettneri</emphasis>
|
||
K. Schum.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF1A6FF2E895BCCB1" box="[254,273,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">=</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF043FF2E8A18CCB1" authority="A. E. Bruce" authorityName="A. E. Bruce" box="[283,594,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF043FF2E89F5CCB1" box="[283,447,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">D. emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
A. E. Bruce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF32DFF2F8B13CCB1" author="Meyrick" box="[629,857,188,212]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" page="33" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref197972" refString="Meyrick, E. (1936) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 5 (1 - 2), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1936">Meyrick (1936: 33)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF23FFF2F8C60CCB1" author="Vari" box="[871,1066,188,212]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 223)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF561FF2F8D27CCB1" author="Dall'Asta" box="[1081,1389,188,212]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="34" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Dall’Asta
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF5F7FF2E8CA9CCB1" box="[1199,1251,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001: 34)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF423FF2F89B6CC92" author="De Prins & De Prins" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="314" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins (2005: 314)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF314FF728B87CC92" authority="(Hochst.) Planch." authorityName="Planch." baseAuthorityName="Hochst." box="[588,973,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF314FF728AB3CC9D" box="[588,761,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">D. rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Hochst.) Planch.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF2B2FF4C8CFECC92" author="Vari" box="[1002,1204,223,247]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 223)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF59EFF738DDDCC92" author="Kroon" box="[1222,1431,223,247]" firstAuthor="Kroon" page="46" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195458" refString="Kroon, D. M. (1999) Lepidoptera of Southern Africa: host-plants and other associations. Sasolburg Litho (Pty) Ltd., 160 1 - 48 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Kroon (1999: 46)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF1CFFE978988CD79" author="Dall'Asta" box="[151,450,260,284]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="34" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Dall’Asta
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF053FE968976CD79" box="[267,316,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001: 34)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF095FE978B0BCD79" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[461,833,260,284]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="314" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins (2005: 314)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB165FFFCF19FFEBB8AC4CDAA" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B165FFFCF19FFEBB8AC4CDAA" blockId="118.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF19FFEBB8963CD25" box="[199,297,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF083FEBB8A28CD25" box="[475,610,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF083FEBB8A28CD25" box="[475,610,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">C. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF3B4FEBA8B98CD5A" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[748,978,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bagshawei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF3B4FEBA8BCDCD25" box="[748,903,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">D. bagshawei</emphasis>
|
||
Baker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f. (online database HOSTS,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF443FEBB8930CD01" author="De Prins & De Prins" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="314" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins 2005: 314</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) needs confirmation, since we could not find any specimen matching the HOSTS database references.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF041FEE38A80CDE2" authority="(J. F. Gmel.) Bamps" authorityName="Bamps" baseAuthorityName="J. F. Gmel." box="[281,714,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torrida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF041FEE38996CDED" box="[281,476,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Dombeya torrida</emphasis>
|
||
(J. F. Gmel.) Bamps
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be excluded from the host list of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF5F9FEE38D62CDED" box="[1185,1320,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF5F9FEE38D62CDED" box="[1185,1320,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">C. loxozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since the check of voucher material used for the publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF3B6FE078C08CDC9" author="Lopez-Vaamonde" box="[750,1090,404,428]" firstAuthor="Lopez-Vaamonde" page="1818" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1804 - 1821" refId="ref196835" refString="Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Godfray, H. C. J. & Cook, J. M. (2003) Evolutionary dynamics of host-plant use in a genus of leaf-mining moths. Evolution, 57, 1804 - 1821." type="journal article" year="2003">Lopez-Vaamonde 2003: 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed that this record is a misidentification of the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF0A3FE2B8ACDCDB5" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[507,647,440,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torridella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF0A3FE2B8ACDCDB5" box="[507,647,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">C. torridella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB165FFFCF19FFE488AE7CE3A" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B165FFFCF19FFE488A6CCE72" blockId="118.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF19FFE488946CD91" bold="true" box="[199,268,475,500]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Mine.</emphasis>
|
||
A long, narrow, semi-trasparent gallery, mainly along edge of leaf; later on a gall-like swelling near the petiole of the leaf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF032FE6C8A50CE72" author="Vari" box="[362,538,511,535]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="222" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961: 222</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B165FFFCF19FFDB08AE7CE3A" blockId="118.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF19FFDB08920CE59" bold="true" box="[199,362,547,572]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" reason="1">Flight period.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens were collected in two periods of the year: from early February to middle of May and from early October to middle of December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB165FFFCF19FFDF88940CEC2" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B165FFFCF19FFDF88940CEC2" blockId="118.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF19FFDF8892ACEE1" bold="true" box="[199,352,619,644]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B165FFFCF02BFDFF8993CEE1" box="[371,473,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 391–402" captionStartId="275.[151,263,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,192,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-71@275.[218,1369,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURES 391–402. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 391, Phyllonorycter loxozona. 392, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis. 393, Phyllonorycter aarviki. 394, Phyllonorycter anchistea. 395, Phyllonorycter melanosparta. 396, Phyllonorycter melhaniae. 397, Phyllonorycter rongensis. 398, Phyllonorycter mida. 399, Phyllonorycter tsavensis. 400, Phyllonorycter obandai. 401, Phyllonorycter farensis. 402, Phyllonorycter fletcheri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052493/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 391</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is recorded in South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF280FDFF8CC6CEE1" author="Vari" box="[984,1164,620,644]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Uganda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF463FDFF88B6CEC2" author="Meyrick" firstAuthor="Meyrick" page="33" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref197972" refString="Meyrick, E. (1936) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 5 (1 - 2), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1936">Meyrick 1936: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB165FFFCF19EFD278D03CE8A" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B165FFFCF19EFD278D03CE8A" blockId="118.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF19EFD278962CEA9" box="[198,296,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.The record on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF08DFD268A1DCEA9" box="[469,599,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF08DFD268A1DCEA9" box="[469,599,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. loxozana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic] collected in Zuni [recte Turi], Kenya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B165FFFCF51CFD278DD9CEA9" author="Lopez-Vaamonde" box="[1092,1427,692,716]" firstAuthor="Lopez-Vaamonde" page="1818" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1804 - 1821" refId="ref196835" refString="Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Godfray, H. C. J. & Cook, J. M. (2003) Evolutionary dynamics of host-plant use in a genus of leaf-mining moths. Evolution, 57, 1804 - 1821." type="journal article" year="2003">Lopez-Vaamonde 2003: 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is excluded from the distribution map since it is a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B165FFFCF2F2FD4B8D48CE8A" authority="De Prins" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[938,1282,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torridella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B165FFFCF2F2FD4B8CDDCE95" box="[938,1175,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Cameraria torridella</emphasis>
|
||
De Prins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB165FFFCF455FD4B8D03CE8A" box="[1293,1353,728,751]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |