213 lines
26 KiB
XML
213 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4DD51933FC284ED6329E1F6BF86BD3DF">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47D850215DC932D907AD21320A8200A5">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F79F7041D19F2C038926B1EC880F821B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5A5B6DD07468FD9592426B5B3A1EAAC4">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="ABB1CC8FF75A011FA71EFD8E287AE752">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="30B88AE5F9D53C35C9703B36C8ED1B5E">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E00187A2806195394F319D6E470C77DA">
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<mods:title id="7A07790C06A3A83496366A62B2B20B32">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D663DC484C70CD1D77DBB70050CD232">
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFF6F61889B63711F802FE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448987" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFF6F61889B63711F802FE61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFF6F61889B63711F802FE61" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B63711FF44FCAC" box="[168,225,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B63711FF44FCAC" blockId="50.[166,1233,781,901]" box="[168,225,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF6F61889B63711FF44FCAC" box="[168,225,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFF6F61889B63711FF44FCAC" box="[168,225,781,823]" captionStart="Plate 5: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="45.[123,153,3243,3268]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,17,3662]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="73. Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus minimus), 74. Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), 75. Southern Blossom Bat (Syconycteris australis), 76. Halmaheran Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae), 77. Moss-forest Blossom Bat (Syconycteris hobbit), 78. Manado Fruit Bat (Boneia bidens), 79. Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris celebensis), 80. Philippine Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris whitehead), 81. Bulmer’s Fruit Bat (Aproteles bulmerae), 82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), 83. Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), 84. Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronu), 86. Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), 87. Philippine Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani), 88. Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa), 89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia exoleta), 90. Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia viridis), 91. Beaufort’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti), 92. Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia crenulata), 93. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia inermis), 94. New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia praedatrix)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448853/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">82.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889EC3711FCD4FCAC" box="[242,881,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889EC3711FCD4FCAC" blockId="50.[166,1233,781,901]" box="[242,881,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF6F61889EC3711FCD4FCAC" box="[242,881,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF6F61889EC3711FCD4FCAC" ID-CoL="372KM" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[242,881,781,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F6188ABF3711FB74FCAC" box="[929,1233,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F6188ABF3711FB74FCAC" blockId="50.[166,1233,781,901]" box="[929,1233,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF6F6188ABF3711FB74FCAC" box="[929,1233,781,823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F6188ABF3711FB74FCAC" ID-CoL="372KM" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[929,1233,781,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F6188ABF3711FB74FCAC" box="[929,1233,781,823]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Dobsonia minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B63754FD63FC1E" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B63754FBCBFCC6" blockId="50.[166,1233,781,901]" box="[168,1134,840,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF6F61889B63754FBCBFCC6" box="[168,1134,840,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B63754FF56FCC6" bold="true" box="[168,243,840,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF6F61889E33754FE04FCC6" ID-CoL="372KM" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[253,417,840,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Petite Roussette</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61888A83754FDB5FCC6" bold="true" box="[438,528,840,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF6F6188B053754FC92FCC6" ID-CoL="372KM" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[539,823,840,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Kleiner Nacktrickenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F6188A533754FC0DFCC6" bold="true" box="[845,936,840,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF6F6188AAC3754FBCBFCC6" ID-CoL="372KM" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[946,1134,840,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Dobsonia pequeno</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B9376CFD63FC1E" blockId="50.[166,1233,781,901]" box="[167,710,880,901]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF6F61889B9376CFD63FC1E" box="[167,710,880,901]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B9376CFE3BFC1E" bold="true" box="[167,414,880,901]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF6F61888B7376CFD63FC1E" ID-CoL="372KM" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[425,710,880,901]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F6188A1237ABFAFEFC4F" box="[780,1371,951,980]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F6188A1237ABFAFEFC4F" blockId="50.[779,1373,951,1374]" box="[780,1371,951,980]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F6188A1237ABFC02FC4F" bold="true" box="[780,935,951,980]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F6188AA837ABFAF3FC4F" ID-CoL="5XK2V" authority="Dobson, 1879" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[950,1366,951,980]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">Cephalotes minor Dobson, 1879</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F6188A1337C2FAE5FC60" box="[781,1344,990,1019]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F6188A1337C2FAE5FC60" blockId="50.[779,1373,951,1374]" box="[781,1344,990,1019]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFF6F6188A1337C2FAE5FC60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391405" box="[781,1344,990,1019]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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“Amberbaki, [north-west] New
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF6F6188DD837C2FA94FC60" box="[1222,1329,990,1019]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F6188A153016FB59FB73" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F6188A153016FB59FB73" blockId="50.[779,1373,951,1374]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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A record from
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF6F6188D173016FB25FBB8" box="[1033,1152,1034,1059]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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, attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F6188A153035FC22FBD1" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1879" box="[779,903,1065,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">D. minor</taxonomicName>
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by Boeadi and W. Bergmans in 1987, might represent an incidental vagrant, an undescribed subspecies, or species based on generally larger teeth and longer lower tooth row. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F6188A1230F2FB2CFAC5" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFF6F6188A1230F2FB2CFAC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803750/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" startId="50.[780,952,1262,1295]" targetBox="[165,756,959,1373]" targetPageId="50">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F6188A1230F2FB2CFAC5" blockId="50.[779,1373,951,1374]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F6188A1230F2FC19FA94" bold="true" box="[780,956,1262,1295]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Distribution.</emphasis>
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New
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF6F6188D0730F2FBDAFA94" box="[1049,1151,1262,1295]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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including Yapen I, also on tiny Bagabag I offshore NE coast based on three skulls.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B83171FAA2F8FB" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B83171FAA2F8FB" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B83171FE07FA1D" bold="true" box="[166,418,1389,1414]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188B7D3171FCBCFA1D" box="[611,793,1389,1414]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="118.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="102.0">102-135 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188A7A3171FC4FFA1D" box="[868,1002,1389,1414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="5.0">5-28 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188D273171FB6BFA1D" box="[1081,1230,1389,1414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="13.0">13-22 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F61889B43189FE99FA35" box="[170,316,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="16.0">16-24 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F61888D63189FDF8FA35" box="[456,605,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="78.0">78-92 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188BCD3189FCE4FA35" box="[723,833,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="g" value="76.5" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="63.0">63-90 g</quantity>
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||
. The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Batis the smallest species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F61888F331A8FDC1FA4E" box="[493,612,1460,1493]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dobsonia</taxonomicName>
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. Fur is uniform dark brown. Semi-transparent brown flight membranes meet at midline of lower back. Fur underlies naked-backed part of wing membranes. Claws on thumbs and feet are dark brown. Index claw (second digit of wing) is absent. Ears are narrow and moderately long, and tips just barely touch if adpressed together. Nostrils are divergent and shortly tubular and extend slightly beyond snout. A shorttail is present and free of uropatagium. Uropatagium is narrow and runs length of legs, terminating at supporting calcar. Eyes are large, with brown irises. Dental formula for all species of Dobsoniais11/1,C1/1,P 2/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 28. Incisors are minute, and I, (I, missing) require hand lens to see clearly. Canines are slender. P,, M, and M,, and P? are reduced in size. Premolars and molars are simple, lacking well-marked anterointernal and posterior basal ledges or surface ridges.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B9337BFA81F834" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B9337BFA81F834" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B9337BFEB3F813" bold="true" box="[167,278,1895,1928]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary forests, swamp forests, and village gardens from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188B103392FDCEF834" box="[526,619,1934,1967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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. Roosting habitat usually is in forest understories.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B833AAFBCFF707" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B833AAFBCFF707" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B833AAFE13F84C" bold="true" box="[166,438,1974,2007]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous, and fig species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F618886F33C1FE11F865" box="[369,436,2013,2046]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
bernaysii and F hispidioides (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F6188A2A33C1FC65F865" box="[820,960,2013,2046]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are important dietary items. It regularly feeds on infructesences of the introduced invasive shrub
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F6188D883C19FB7FF7BD" box="[1174,1242,2053,2086]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
aduncum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F61889AA3C2CFEF0F7D6" box="[180,341,2096,2125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which since its World War II accidental introduction overgrows abandoned village gardens and along riverbanks in many areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF6F6188D3F3C48FA90F7EE" box="[1057,1333,2132,2165]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It also eats papaya (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F61888853C67FE57F707" box="[411,498,2171,2204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carica</taxonomicName>
|
||
papaya,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF6F6188B763C67FCA5F707" box="[616,768,2171,2204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in active village gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B83CBEFB82F612" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B83CBEFB82F612" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B83CBEFE88F758" bold="true" box="[166,301,2210,2243]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats have one young per pregnancy. In northern New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF6F618886B3CD6FE79F770" box="[373,476,2250,2283]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pregnancy is not highly synchronized and has been recorded in January, April-June, and September; lactation in February and April; and volant young in August and December. Males with epididymides containing sperm have been found in June. This information suggests either asynchronous timing of reproduction or that there might be two annual birth periods in dry and wet seasons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889BB3D8CFAFFF506" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889BB3D8CFAFFF506" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889BB3D8CFE28F62A" bold="true" box="[165,397,2448,2481]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat is nocturnal, with foraging activity confined to hours of darkness. During daylight, it roosts in foliage in closed-canopy forests, usually alone or females with dependent young. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) for adults averages 101% of that expected for a mammal with its body weight; however, volant young (mean body mass 49-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188B7D3E31FD28F5D5" box="[611,653,2605,2638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="g" value="7.0">7 g</quantity>
|
||
) have very low BMR, representing only 58% of that expected from body weight. A single, audible call note, described as a “high-pitched bleat,” is periodically made during flight, perhaps acting as a contact note to conspecifics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B93EB8FC02F2A7" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B93EB8FC02F2A7" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B93EB8FC24F55E" bold="true" box="[167,897,2724,2757]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats roost alone. Individual bats used 1-3 roost trees/month during a radio-tracking study, none of which were more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188BA53EEFFCAAF48F" box="[699,783,2803,2836]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
apart. Males and females occupied home ranges of 1-4-9-4 ha (mean 5-1 ha, no significant difference by sex) when tracked up to a month. Maximum movements observed across home ranges was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF6F6188DF43F5EFAF3F4F8" box="[1258,1366,2882,2915]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
||
. Individuals that were radio-tracked two or more times for up to 19 months during different seasons expanded or contracted foraging movements in response to spatialtemporal distribution of fruiting fig trees; however, these individuals continued to feed in core areas that included P. aduncum concentrations over their long seasonal fruiting periods. Physiological responses to environmental temperatures likely to be encountered in its foliage roosts include regulation of constant body temperature at a mean of 36-5°C, BMR near mammalian mass-specific standard (101% ofexpected), and minimal thermal conductance (103% of expected from body weight for a resting mammal) also near the mammalian standard. Maintenance of high body temperature should be important to foliage roosting Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats to allow instantaneous flight in response to many potential predators, notably a large number of arboreal pythons, tree boas, and brown tree snakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F61889B6395EF9C1FE18" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F61889B6395EF9C1FE18" blockId="50.[161,1375,1389,3467]" lastBlockId="50.[1443,2650,275,509]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F61889B6395EFDA7F2F8" bold="true" box="[168,514,3394,3427]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. While Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats occur at low densities throughout their large distribution, they are adaptable to disturbance and forest fragmentation of primary forest habitats in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF6F6188F0F3523F9D2FEC7" box="[1553,1655,319,348]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
due to logging and forage in secondary forests and patchwork subsistence gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF6F6188CBB358EF802FE61" pageId="50" pageNumber="108" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF6F6188CBB358EF802FE61" blockId="50.[1443,2650,275,509]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF6F6188CBB358EF998FE30" bold="true" box="[1445,1597,402,427]" pageId="50" pageNumber="108">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bartholomew et al. (1970), Bergmans & Sarbini (1985), Boeadi & Bergmans (1987), Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso et al. (2002), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008d), Koopman (1979), McNab & Bonaccorso (2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |