231 lines
27 KiB
XML
231 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="2DBE67C88F7F8D4D1D8692D282D88343" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B33FB3F9E3F64C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Dobsonia inermis K. Andersen 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="B89087313E9EA216C6427BB3CAB07842" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D285348FF096CB67963B3AD69895713E">
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<mods:title id="5992A7920D428D1EE9349827A9063027">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D6ECD1777413DA462B96895D16A47C78" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A656029ACA4B612B22D12256082C03F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="23435400FA6B1E0D5F9F6082BB396F90">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6B3B2F009B600B541CFBE136D3C4FCA5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F8B34DEC82E2917ACC11D8D7B27A443">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2E8C397AA3EE2BE6CED5805FDDE6C6B4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="8CE11676EE0CEA54CCEC3C16F8CFA67F">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="C1FC4CA0E9549D340E14612AF7099113" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="1C7EB483D1A958B358A2D2E2EC2893BE">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="40ED0B6613F651725D9906A2193446C8">
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<mods:placeTerm id="4DEB87A6B372AE45D7118A5F1BCFEF41">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="179AD0D6E4AFFCF2908B3937C9387A5C">
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<mods:title id="930FF676A76E06842E329DDBBF924733">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F52861FF164FEF89CA94511A65C9E5B6">
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<mods:start id="DFF4531A591113ACAD62FFAC93F42703">16</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="AE6217E641EB014212A43434EDFA8A9A" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B33FB3F9E3F64C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6780046" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6780046" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B33FB3F9E3F64C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFF2F61C89B33FB3F9E3F64C" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C89B33FB3FF43F442" box="[173,230,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B33FB3FF43F442" blockId="54.[171,1337,2991,3112]" box="[173,230,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C89B33FB3FF43F442" box="[173,230,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFF2F61C89B33FB3FF43F442" box="[173,230,2991,3033]" captionStart="Plate 5: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="45.[123,153,3243,3268]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,17,3662]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="73. Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus minimus), 74. Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), 75. Southern Blossom Bat (Syconycteris australis), 76. Halmaheran Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae), 77. Moss-forest Blossom Bat (Syconycteris hobbit), 78. Manado Fruit Bat (Boneia bidens), 79. Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris celebensis), 80. Philippine Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris whitehead), 81. Bulmer’s Fruit Bat (Aproteles bulmerae), 82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), 83. Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), 84. Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronu), 86. Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), 87. Philippine Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani), 88. Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa), 89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia exoleta), 90. Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia viridis), 91. Beaufort’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti), 92. Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia crenulata), 93. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia inermis), 94. New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia praedatrix)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448853/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">93.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C89E63FB3FC67F442" box="[248,962,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89E63FB3FC67F442" blockId="54.[171,1337,2991,3112]" box="[248,962,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C89E63FB3FC67F442" box="[248,962,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C89E63FB3FC67F442" ID-CoL="372KK" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[248,962,2991,3033]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8AED3FB3FA9CF442" box="[1011,1337,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8AED3FB3FA9CF442" blockId="54.[171,1337,2991,3112]" box="[1011,1337,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8AED3FB3FA9CF442" box="[1011,1337,2991,3033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8AED3FB3FA9CF442" ID-CoL="372KK" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1011,1337,2991,3033]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8AED3FB3FA9CF442" box="[1011,1337,2991,3033]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Dobsonia inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C89B33FF7FD48F3B3" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B33FF7FAADF39B" blockId="54.[171,1337,2991,3112]" box="[173,1288,3051,3072]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C89B33FF7FAADF39B" box="[173,1288,3051,3072]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C89B33FF7FF5DF39B" bold="true" box="[173,248,3051,3072]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C881C3FF7FE4AF39B" ID-CoL="372KK" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[258,495,3051,3072]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">Roussette des Salomon</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8B1B3FF7FDC5F39B" bold="true" box="[517,608,3051,3072]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8B773FF7FC16F39B" ID-CoL="372KK" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[617,947,3051,3072]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">Salomonen-Nacktrickenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8AD63FF7FB81F39B" bold="true" box="[968,1060,3051,3072]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8D303FF7FAADF39B" ID-CoL="372KK" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1070,1288,3051,3072]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">Dobsonia de Salomén</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B2380FFD48F3B3" blockId="54.[171,1337,2991,3112]" box="[172,749,3091,3112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C89B2380FFD48F3B3" box="[172,749,3091,3112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C89B2380FFE01F3B3" bold="true" box="[172,420,3091,3112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C88B3380FFD48F3B3" ID-CoL="372KK" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[429,749,3091,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">Solomons Bare-backed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C89B23845FCF9F3ED" box="[172,860,3161,3190]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B23845FCF9F3ED" blockId="54.[171,1379,3161,3474]" box="[172,860,3161,3190]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C89B23845FEE2F3ED" bold="true" box="[172,327,3161,3190]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C88473845FCF2F3ED" ID-CoL="372KK" authority="K. Andersen, 1909" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[345,855,3161,3190]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">Dobsonia inermis K. Andersen, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8A703845FD57F305" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8A703845FD57F305" blockId="54.[171,1379,3161,3474]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFF2F61C8A703845FD4BF305" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391453" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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“San Cristobal [=
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8D663845FB7CF3ED" box="[1144,1241,3161,3190]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Island],”
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C89B3389DFE57F305" box="[173,498,3201,3230]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Makira-Ulawa Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF2F61C8B1D389DFD4BF305" box="[515,750,3201,3230]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C89B238B8FD7FF28F" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B238B8FD7FF28F" blockId="54.[171,1379,3161,3474]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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The form nesea named by K. Andersen in 1909 from western and central
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF2F61C8DFD38B8FEA8F377" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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has been synonymized with nominate
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8A2F38D7FC29F377" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[817,908,3275,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">inermis</taxonomicName>
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by most authors, which thisis followed here. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C89B33907FB18F210" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFF2F61C89B33907FB18F210" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803772/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" startId="54.[173,327,3355,3388]" targetBox="[1446,2037,281,700]" targetPageId="54">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B33907FD98F2A7" blockId="54.[171,1379,3161,3474]" box="[173,573,3355,3388]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C89B33907FD98F2A7" bold="true" box="[173,573,3355,3388]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B23956FAE6F2F8" blockId="54.[171,1379,3161,3474]" box="[172,1347,3402,3427]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C89B23956FAE6F2F8" authority="K. Andersen, 1909" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[172,1347,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="inermis" subSpecies="inermus">D.i.inermusK.Andersen,1909—SolomonIsexceptwheretheothersubspeciesoccur.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C89B33972FB18F210" blockId="54.[171,1379,3161,3474]" box="[173,1213,3438,3467]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C89B33972FDC1F210" authority="C. J. Phillips, 1968" authorityName="C. J. Phillips" authorityYear="1968" box="[173,612,3438,3467]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="inermis" subSpecies="minimus">D. i. minimus C. J. Phillips, 1968</taxonomicName>
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— Solomon Is (
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8A223972FC1DF210" box="[828,952,3438,3467]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Choiseul" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Choiseul</collectingRegion>
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and Santa
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8D473972FB15F210" box="[1113,1200,3438,3467]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Isabel" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Isabel</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8113350FF7E3FBD2" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8113350FF7E3FBD2" blockId="54.[2060,2654,275,702]" lastBlockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8113350FF686FEAF" bold="true" box="[2061,2339,275,308]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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, tail
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C81C93522F6CBFEC0" box="[2263,2414,318,347]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="13.0">13-32 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C80DE3522F5F3FEC0" box="[2496,2646,318,347]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="13.0">13-29 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
|
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C818F3576F680FE18" box="[2193,2341,362,387]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="26.0">26-30 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
|
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C80AF3576F5F3FE18" box="[2481,2646,362,387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="0.9099999999999999" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="103.5" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="91.0">91-116 mm</quantity>
|
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; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C81653595F6ABFE31" box="[2171,2318,393,426]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="g" value="170.0" valueMax="215.0" valueMin="125.0">125-215 g</quantity>
|
||
. Greatest skull lengths are 42-1-47-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C81A935ACF6AEFE4A" box="[2231,2315,432,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C800235ACF6FBFE4A" box="[2332,2398,432,465]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
Solomons Nakedbacked Fruit Bats tend to be more massive that females in head dimensions, head— body and forearm lengths, and body weight (largest males are c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C803F3651F6FAFDF5" box="[2337,2399,589,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="g" value="25.0">25 g</quantity>
|
||
heavier than largest females). Head, face, nape, flanks, rump, and fur underlying wing membranes are blackish brown. Venter is pale brown, with yellow-green wash that is more striking in adult males. Underside of neck is sparsely haired. Wings meet along spine in nakedbacked condition with underlying fur. Claws are tan, merging to dark brown at bases. Claw 1s absent from second digit of hand. Shorttail is present and free of narrow uropatagium that extends along innersides of legs to supporting calcars. Hindfootis covered with brown hairs. Nostrils are slightly tubular, and each flares outward from centerline. Eyes are large, with dark brown irises. Skull has short rostrum and weak saggital and nuchal crests. Upper incisors are bilobed, with mesial lobe being larger. Cheekteeth, especially in upperjaw, are crowded. Anterior part of mandible is narrow, and lower incisors are diminutive and often concealed by gum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB63053F952FB24" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB63053F952FB24" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB63053F9BDFBEB" bold="true" box="[1448,1560,1103,1136]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary tropical moist lowland to lower montane forests, village gardens, and fruit plantations from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C808A306BF5A4FB03" box="[2452,2561,1143,1176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
(most common below
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C8F9330BEF942FB24" box="[1677,1767,1186,1215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB630D9F73AFAAE" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB630D9F73AFAAE" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB630D9F917FB7D" bold="true" box="[1448,1714,1221,1254]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous. Numerous native figs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8F5230F1F934FA95" box="[1612,1681,1261,1294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8FBC30F1F889FA95" box="[1698,1836,1261,1294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in its distribution are likely staples in its diet. It feeds on guava (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8F103104F9DFFAAE" box="[1550,1658,1304,1333]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Psidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
guajava,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8FE23104F829FAAE" box="[1788,1932,1304,1333]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in village gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB73120F5F4FA60" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB73120F5F4FA60" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB73120F98AFAC6" bold="true" box="[1449,1583,1340,1373]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bats are observed in February and September; dependent young in March, July, and November-December; and volant young in February-April. Lactation is observed in February-March. Although not synchronized throughout it distribution, these observations suggest two annual birth peaks. Mothers will carry dependent young up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C817B31C6F73AFA60" box="[2149,2207,1498,1531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.4" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="g" value="54.0">54 g</quantity>
|
||
in body weight when foraging.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB9321DF582F903" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB9321DF582F903" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB9321DF934F9B9" bold="true" box="[1447,1681,1537,1570]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bats are nocturnal. Flight activity begins well after sunset. Observations on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8EDC3235F79FF9D1" box="[1986,2106,1577,1610]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Choiseul" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Choiseul</collectingRegion>
|
||
indicate increased flight activity during bright moonlight suggesting vision plays an important role in flight activity and foraging. It roosts to far limits of twilight zones in limestone caves and also under rock ledges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB73283F776F8C5" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB73283F776F8C5" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB73283F7C3F95B" bold="true" box="[1449,2150,1695,1728]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bats are gregarious, forming large colonies of thousands of individuals. They co-occur with colonies of Geoftroy’s Rousette (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8E6A32F2F774F894" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" box="[1908,2257,1774,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amplexicaudatus">Rousettus amplexicaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Raffray’s Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura raffrayana). They are the primary host for a Solomon Island endemic subspecies of streblid bat fly, Megastrebla gigantea solomonis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB73378F7BEF61D" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB73378F7BEF61D" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB73378F8A2F81E" bold="true" box="[1449,1799,1892,1925]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat has a relatively large distribution on many islands and presumably large stable population;it tolerates some habitat modification. Comparisons of mist-net surveys across eight localities on Kolombangara, New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C800333C7F62AF867" box="[2333,2447,2011,2044]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Vangunu in 1992 and repeated in 2015 showed stable capture rates. Nevertheless, dependence on caves for breeding in large colonies makes it susceptible to human disturbance and hunting. Hunting at cave roosts is common practice throughout its distribution; however, absence of firearms in the Solomons often prohibits large numbers of individuals being harvested. Instead, Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bats are hunted with slings or traditional traps. They are hunted to obtain canine teeth that are strung in necklaces used for “bride-price” by young men on Buka and elsewhere in the region. Such necklaces can have up to 200 teeth from pteropodid bats that include species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8CB73D22F9BAF6C4" box="[1449,1567,2366,2399]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dobsonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8F7B3D22F974F6C4" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1637,1745,2366,2399]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and fetched prices of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF2F61C81153D22F790F6C4" box="[2059,2101,2366,2399]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
$
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C81513D22F736F6C4" box="[2127,2195,2366,2399]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="in" value="90.0">90 in</quantity>
|
||
1995. Fortunately, necklaces are passed as heirlooms to more than one bride.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB43D86F9E3F64C" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB43D86F9E3F64C" blockId="54.[1447,2657,708,2519]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB43D86F9E6F634" bold="true" box="[1450,1603,2458,2479]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1909), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1995a), Lavery & Fisher (2016), Maa (1971), Phillips (1968).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |