228 lines
24 KiB
XML
228 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="99024BC9AD6C1C1E37384C0DC3440249" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF94F67B8CB933BFFB10FDDF" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus molossinus Temminck 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="77E7482B1DB3184A662002BBAFBB9E5E">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B5D8DCAE863EABAB0AC5F7B98F89958">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="614A5652C6A8B7635F59B05D8B88698C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="29B7AC508F951B9C29707A39457D36EC">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="C742E105647B15743B8063A7880D882E" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="F799B3005E71BD2108E19E88E5C34A95">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="8A2972189928745C75C39F41622A5E1D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="8B0110E8442E2A0A735A2E9287DE6EC2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF94F67B8CB933BFFB10FDDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794712" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379401" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF94F67B8CB933BFFB10FDDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF94F67B8CB933BFFB10FDDF" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CB933BFFA52F84A" box="[1447,1527,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CB933BFFA52F84A" blockId="80.[1443,2408,1955,2084]" box="[1447,1527,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF94F67A8CB933BFFA52F84A" box="[1447,1527,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF94F67A8CB933BFFA52F84A" box="[1447,1527,1955,2001]" captionStart="Plate 8: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="75.[98,128,3361,3386]" captionTargetBox="[12,2745,16,3662]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="127. Wallace's Stripe-faced Fruit Bat (Styloctenium wallacei), 128. Mindoro Stripe-faced Fruit Bat (Styloctenium mindorensis), 129. Small-toothed Fruit Bat (Neopteryx frosti), 130. Sulawesi Flying Fox (Acerodon celebensis), 131. Talaud Flying Fox (Acerodon humilis), 132. Golden-capped Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus), 133. Palawan Flying Fox (Acerodon leucotis), 134. Sunda Flying Fox (Acerodon macklotii), 135. Moluccan Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus personatus), 136. Lombok Flying Fox (Pteropus lombocensus), 137. Little Red Flying Fox (Pteropus scapulatus), 138. Big-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus macrotis), 139. Gilliard’s Flying Fox (Pteropus gilliardorum), 140. Sanborn’s Flying Fox (Pleropus mahaganus), 141. Dwarf Flying Fox (Pteropus woodfordi), 142. Pohnpei Flying Fox (Pteropus molossinus), 143. Chuuk Flying Fox (Pteropus pelagicus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448883/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">142.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8F1633BFF805F84A" box="[1544,1952,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8F1633BFF805F84A" blockId="80.[1443,2408,1955,2084]" box="[1544,1952,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF94F67A8F1633BFF805F84A" box="[1544,1952,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF94F67A8F1633BFF805F84A" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1544,1952,1955,2001]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A8F1633BFF91CF84A" box="[1544,1721,1955,2001]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8EFA33BFF6EFF84A" box="[2020,2378,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8EFA33BFF6EFF84A" blockId="80.[1443,2408,1955,2084]" box="[2020,2378,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF94F67A8EFA33BFF6EFF84A" box="[2020,2378,1955,2001]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A8EFA33BFF6EFF84A" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2020,2378,1955,2001]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8EFA33BFF6EFF84A" box="[2020,2378,1955,2001]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pteropus molossinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CBA33F8F7BCF7BB" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBA33F8F6C2F862" blockId="80.[1443,2408,1955,2084]" box="[1444,2407,2020,2041]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF94F67A8CBA33F8F6C2F862" box="[1444,2407,2020,2041]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBA33F8FA55F862" bold="true" box="[1444,1520,2020,2041]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF94F67A8CE433F8F96BF862" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1530,1742,2020,2041]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">
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Roussette de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF94F67A8F9833F8F96BF862" box="[1670,1742,2020,2041]" name="Micronesia" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Ponape</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8FFD33F8F89BF862" bold="true" box="[1763,1854,2020,2041]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF94F67A8E5933F8F85CF862" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1863,2041,2020,2041]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">Pohnpei-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A811133F8F7CFF862" bold="true" box="[2063,2154,2020,2041]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF94F67A816D33F8F6C2F862" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2163,2407,2020,2041]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">
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Zorro volador de
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF94F67A800133F8F6C2F862" box="[2335,2407,2020,2041]" name="Micronesia" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Ponape</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBA3C17F7BCF7BB" blockId="80.[1443,2408,1955,2084]" box="[1444,2073,2059,2080]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF94F67A8CBA3C17F7BCF7BB" box="[1444,2073,2059,2080]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBA3C17F93EF7BB" bold="true" box="[1444,1691,2059,2080]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF94F67A8FBA3C17F8C7F7BB" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1700,1890,2059,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">Caroline Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF94F67A8E6E3C17F7BCF7BB" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1904,2073,2059,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A8E6E3C17F81BF7BB" box="[1904,1982,2059,2080]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
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Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A81163C4AF7EAF70D" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A81163C4AF7EAF70D" blockId="80.[2055,2649,2134,2553]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A81163C4AF73BF7F4" bold="true" box="[2056,2206,2134,2159]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A81AD3C4AF7EEF70D" ID-CoL="4Q32Z" authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">Pteropus molossinus Temminck, 1853</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A81473C65F5F3F70D" box="[2137,2646,2169,2198]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A81473C65F5F3F70D" blockId="80.[2055,2649,2134,2553]" box="[2137,2646,2169,2198]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF94F67A81473C65F5F3F70D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391342" box="[2137,2646,2169,2198]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A81473C65F768F70D" box="[2137,2253,2169,2198]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
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, Caroline Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF94F67A80A23C65F5F7F70D" box="[2492,2642,2169,2198]" name="Micronesia" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A81173CBDF6EDF77E" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A81173CBDF6EDF77E" blockId="80.[2055,2649,2134,2553]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A81173CBDF6A9F725" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2057,2316,2209,2238]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossinus">Pteropus molossinus</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A80BF3CBDF5B3F725" authorityName="Kittlitz" authorityYear="1836" box="[2465,2582,2209,2238]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pelagicus">pelagicus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A81163CE8F6FCF631" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="multiple">
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||
<caption id="DF7B6664FF94F67A81163CE8F6FCF631" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803864/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" startId="80.[2056,2228,2292,2317]" targetBox="[1441,2032,2140,2553]" targetPageId="80">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A81163CE8F6FCF631" blockId="80.[2055,2649,2134,2553]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A81163CE8F71DF696" bold="true" box="[2056,2232,2292,2317]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A81D63CE8F69AF696" box="[2248,2367,2292,2317]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
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I, Pakin Atoll, and Ant Atoll (Carolines,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF94F67A80493D0AF65CF6A8" box="[2391,2553,2326,2355]" name="Micronesia" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
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). Current studies cannot confirm occurrence on Mortlock Is, and an old record has proved to be erroneous.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A81163DADF658F4C6" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A81163DADF658F4C6" blockId="80.[2055,2649,2134,2553]" lastBlockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A81163DADF6BAF649" bold="true" box="[2056,2335,2481,2514]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A83043DADF7DDF662" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="144.0" valueMax="148.0" valueMin="140.0">140- 148 mm</quantity>
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||
(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A80213DFCF66AF662" box="[2367,2511,2528,2553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15-17 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A8CBA3E1CF99CF5BA" box="[1444,1593,2560,2593]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="31.0">31-32 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm 94-98-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A8E3C3E1CF8DDF5BA" box="[1826,1912,2560,2593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A811B3E1CF7F2F5BA" box="[2053,2135,2560,2593]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.29" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="g" value="129.0">129 g</quantity>
|
||
. Greatest lengths of skulls are 40-4— 41-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A8CD03E3BF986F5D3" box="[1486,1571,2599,2632]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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||
. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A8F623E3BF955F5D3" box="[1660,1776,2599,2632]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox has yellowish brown eyes and small pointed ears, almost hidden in long fur. Soft woolly fur is reddish brown on back and rump, speckled with some grayish hair. Pelage on head and neck is darker than on body. Face has bright ocherous area between eyes. Males have orange buff tufts of hair on shoulder glands. Wing membranes attach very close together on back. Claw on first finger is well developed. Skull has relatively short and broad rostrum, orbits are small, and zygomatic arches are wide. Palatal ridges are in the pattern 5 + 4 + 2. Inner lower incisors are strongly reduced, and Pis large. C' is very heavy at base, and upper molars are very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CBC3F7FF61DF41F" box="[1442,2488,2915,2948]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBC3F7FF61DF41F" blockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" box="[1442,2488,2915,2948]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBC3F7FF9B7F41F" bold="true" box="[1442,1554,2915,2948]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary tropical forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF94F67A80493F7FF611F41F" box="[2391,2484,2915,2948]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CBC3F93F77FF461" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBC3F93F77FF461" blockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBC3F93F915F437" bold="true" box="[1442,1712,2959,2988]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A8E183F93F8D9F437" box="[1798,1916,2959,2988]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox eats fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A81EE3F93F5F6F437" box="[2288,2643,2959,2988]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus (Pandanaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and palms (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A8F503FAEF8B9F448" box="[1614,1820,2994,3027]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Clinostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Clinostigma sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A8E303FAEF860F448" box="[1838,1989,2994,3027]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and flowers of kapok trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A80663FAEF665F448" box="[2424,2496,2994,3027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
pentandra,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A8CBD3FC1F990F461" box="[1443,1589,3037,3066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and coconut palms (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A8E6C3FC1F813F461" box="[1906,1974,3037,3066]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cocos</taxonomicName>
|
||
nucifera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF94F67A812B3FC1F768F461" box="[2101,2253,3037,3066]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CBC381DF885F3EB" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBC381DF885F3EB" blockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBC381DF98CF3B9" bold="true" box="[1442,1577,3073,3106]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
On Ant Atoll, a mating was observed in August. Female
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A8063381DF656F3B9" box="[2429,2547,3073,3106]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Foxes give birth to one young at a time. Unweaned young were found in February, September, and November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CBE3864F776F35B" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBE3864F776F35B" blockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBE3864F929F302" bold="true" box="[1440,1676,3192,3225]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Activity of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A8E323864F807F302" box="[1836,1954,3192,3225]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Foxes begins just after sunset, but feeding also occurs during the day. They forage in forest canopies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67A8CBC38D6F80DF2AE" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67A8CBC38D6F80DF2AE" blockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBC38D6F7F9F37C" bold="true" box="[1442,2140,3274,3303]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF94F67A81B638D6F6BBF37C" box="[2216,2334,3274,3303]" country="Micronesia" name="Pohnpei" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Pohnpei</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox flies across the sea to reach feeding sites on reef islands several kilometers away. It roosts alone, in pairs, or more rarely in small groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF94F67B8CBC3921FE85FE6D" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="80" pageNumber="138" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF94F67B8CBC3921FE85FE6D" blockId="80.[1440,2650,2560,3461]" lastBlockId="81.[120,1329,271,586]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF94F67A8CBC3921F95BF2C5" bold="true" box="[1442,1790,3389,3422]" pageId="80" pageNumber="138">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix I. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Although populations of Pohnpei Flying Foxes have increased since the 1980s and might be stable now, it is only known from three sites, which means that sudden changes can quickly lead to higher risk status. In the past, excessive hunting for export to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF95F67B89BD3542FF52FEE4" box="[163,247,350,383]" name="Guam" pageId="81" pageNumber="139">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
was a problem, but such international trade has been banned since 1989. Currently, habitat loss from conversion of forests into agricultural land is the greatest threat. There are records in Pohnpei Watershed Forest Reserve and Ant Atoll Conservation Area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF95F67B89653618FB10FDDF" pageId="81" pageNumber="139" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF95F67B89653618FB10FDDF" blockId="81.[120,1329,271,586]" pageId="81" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF95F67B89653618FEB6FD86" bold="true" box="[123,275,516,541]" pageId="81" pageNumber="139">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bruner & Pratt (1979), Buden (1996a, 1996b), Buden et al. (2008), Flannery (1995a), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), Simmons (2005), Tsang (2015), Wiles (1992).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |