treatments-xml/data/03/A4/88/03A4885AEB47FFE9FFECF8CF68A99D62.xml

<document id="2725E32A2004D3506DB230CB5DEA2992" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003" ID-ISSN="2213-2244" ID-PMC="PMC3862492" ID-PubMed="24533312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10933713" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1712341386001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yabsley, Michael J. &amp; Shock, Barbara C." docDate="2013" docId="03A4885AEB47FFE9FFECF8CF68A99D62" docLanguage="en" docName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2.18-31.pdf" docOrigin="International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931.2:IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931" docStyleName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Babesia microti" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF9DF022EB41FFEEFFBBFFC869799E05" masterDocTitle="Natural history of Zoonotic Babesia: Role of wildlife reservoirs" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1712930538702" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
<mods:mods id="F13FDA7E3269F60036A7BB95B8D00704" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FB4A43B75EF58C4997EAD9CA0409E238">
<mods:title id="ED15DD5C9D2EDC79C875AD8B35745042">Natural history of Zoonotic Babesia: Role of wildlife reservoirs</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="458F6EDD11113175AAA18FEFC709FF6A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="046BC7FB63C29AB3F736BE04A9EC6959">
<mods:roleTerm id="2175FC5390BF0EA61A41D60A660EF34A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B4FB843BEB6E96394092D1443EE0AAEF">Yabsley, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="05DD04A4F4489A483A338335FCE8251D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EB1F5FC18FFBE62963414B196B3DE172">
<mods:roleTerm id="10185884563074B2B9E890DFAF37FC81">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B3A0834FF8E8A759A57FDB115FD9E840">Shock, Barbara C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="6BC27663388D1955B7F5C75DA9C858BE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="50E82CDB7423DAD8E015F3ABDBCA9164" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B47E5750A85282D4184AF2006F25C53D">
<mods:title id="307FE56F9B202FDA9AF3B58EFE664B09">International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6E786C17058C43040A7083B1A451FC27">
<mods:date id="7DDC2BCFC77B5A05C86457C5EC0A3383">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F2C863A69592CFC3ECEDD509D2C58823" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4F8D4CD71BFCD51FEBCA55FF5A818D00">2013-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6C9D93B4442C05C2FAA664F9D497963B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="ABB162B1271C3727B8FFEDD15A2DC1E4">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C4461CAE38A922296F6CC4EBDFD748E3" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E0C8B3B963F371CE7939B401F0E06ABC">18</mods:start>
<mods:end id="950921EB23F2B422108A196C66251D28">31</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="EFD6EA361EA3A44FC28F4ACE5B6506E1">
<mods:url id="8AD1AF1D6C8447484673585E3D7532FC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="04D9DDCE81335EB54F0A82410AC358B8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C4AD24089D6EC7FA347CADA3C70A89AA" type="DOI">10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A93E7C2CDDB777F004F6B81B2309698" type="ISSN">2213-2244</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="19273F85BD32E2967BB2AF5709A38175" type="PMC">PMC3862492</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="26ABFAEB0BCBD4A95CD82829FAB9E155" type="PubMed">24533312</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="596B22BA71A7DE8C95BF4A89F3E0334B" type="Zenodo-Dep">10933713</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A4885AEB47FFE9FFECF8CF68A99D62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4885AEB47FFE9FFECF8CF68A99D62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4885AEB47FFE9FFECF8CF68A99D62" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="C3176AC7EB47FFE8FFECF8CF689C991E" box="[87,485,1799,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB47FFE8FFECF8CF689C991E" blockId="6.[87,757,1799,2014]" box="[87,485,1799,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FFECF8CF689C991E" box="[87,485,1799,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
2.2.4. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FF2AF8CF685F991E" box="[145,294,1799,1819]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">Babesia microti</taxonomicName>
and related species
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176AC7EB47FFE9FFECF8EB68A99D62" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB47FFE8FFECF8EB6C4B9EE0" blockId="6.[87,757,1799,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[805,1475,182,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FFECF8EB69839932" box="[87,250,1827,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.2.4.1. Humans.</emphasis>
Currently, only a single case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FDF3F8EB6BDE9932" box="[584,679,1827,1847]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FDF3F8EB6BDE9932" box="[584,679,1827,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-associated babesiosis has been confirmed in Europe: a German patient with leukemia who likely became infected by a transfusion (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FD0DF8946875998E" author="Hildebrandt, A. &amp; Hunfeld, K. - P. &amp; Baier, M. &amp; Krumbholz, A. &amp; Sachse, S. &amp; Lorenzen, T. &amp; Kiehntopf, M. &amp; Fricke, H. - J. &amp; Straube, E." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="595 - 601" refId="ref18719" refString="Hildebrandt, A., Hunfeld, K. - P., Baier, M., Krumbholz, A., Sachse, S., Lorenzen, T., Kiehntopf, M., Fricke, H. - J., Straube, E., 2007. First confirmed autochthonous case of human Babesia microti infection in Europe. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 26, 595 - 601." type="journal article" year="2007">Hildebrandt et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Retrospective screening of blood donors for the patient revealed a single donor with a titer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FD86F85B6BE599A2" box="[573,668,1939,1959]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FD86F85B6BE599A2" box="[573,668,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Neither person had travel history to North America or Asia. Several surveys have detected anti- 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FE9BF80268F999DB" box="[288,384,1994,2014]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FE9BF80268F999DB" box="[288,384,1994,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
antibodies in individuals in 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FD16F8036B8C99DB" box="[685,757,1995,2014]" name="Croatia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Croatia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FCEAFF7E6AEF9ECC" box="[849,918,182,201]" name="Poland" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Poland</collectingCountry>
suggesting that infections are underdiagnosed (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA3AFF7E6AB49EE0" author="Topolovec, J. &amp; Puntaric, D. &amp; Antolovic-Pozgain, A. &amp; Vukovic, D. &amp; Topolovec, Z. &amp; Milas, J. &amp; Drusko-Barisic, V. &amp; Venus, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="626 - 629" refId="ref25301" refString="Topolovec, J., Puntaric, D., Antolovic-Pozgain, A., Vukovic, D., Topolovec, Z., Milas, J., Drusko-Barisic, V., Venus, M., 2003. Serologically detected '' new' ' tick-borne zoonoses in eastern Croatia. Croat. Med. J. 44, 626 - 629." type="journal article" year="2003">Topolovec et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC63FF1A6C5C9EE0" author="Chmielewska-Badora, J. &amp; Moniuszko, A. &amp; Zukiewicz-Sobczak, W. &amp; Zwolinski, J. &amp; Piatek, J. &amp; Pancewicz, S." box="[984,1317,210,230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="271 - 274" refId="ref16493" refString="Chmielewska-Badora, J., Moniuszko, A., Zukiewicz-Sobczak, W., Zwolinski, J., Piatek, J., Pancewicz, S., 2012. Serological survey in persons occupationally exposed to tick-borne pathogens in cases of co-infections with Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp. and Babesia microti. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 19, 271 - 274." type="journal article" year="2012">Chmielewska-Badora et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB47FFE8FCFFFF266DA29CF2" blockId="6.[805,1475,182,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
In Asia, human cases with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FBE2FF256DC19F04" box="[1113,1208,237,257]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FBE2FF256DC19F04" box="[1113,1208,237,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like sp. are rare and sporadic infections have been reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB58FEC26C659F18" box="[1251,1308,266,285]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA91FEC26C0C9F18" box="[1322,1397,266,285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA3FFEC26CC69F18" box="[1412,1471,266,285]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
, and possibly 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FC0AFEEE6A9D9F3C" box="[945,996,294,313]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC4DFEEE6DDA9F3C" author="Wei, Q. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Kohsaki, M. &amp; Matsui, T. &amp; Shiota, T. &amp; Telford 3 rd, S. R. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[1014,1187,294,313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="2178 - 2183" refId="ref25878" refString="Wei, Q., Tsuji, M., Zamoto, A., Kohsaki, M., Matsui, T., Shiota, T., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Ishihara, C., 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: isolation of Babesia microti - like parasites from an asymptomatic transfusion donor and from a rodent from an area where babesiosis is endemic. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 2178 - 2183." type="journal article" year="2001">Wei et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB09FEEE6C269F3C" author="Arai, S. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Kaiho, I. &amp; Murayama, H. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Okabe, N. &amp; Kamiyama, T. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[1202,1375,294,313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="335 - 340" refId="ref14602" refString="Arai, S., Tsuji, M., Kaiho, I., Murayama, H., Zamoto, A., Wei, Q., Okabe, N., Kamiyama, T., Ishihara, C., 2003. Retrospective seroepidemiological survey for human babesiosis in an area in Japan where a tick-borne disease is endemic. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65, 335 - 340." type="journal article" year="2003">Arai et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FAD6FEEE6AEF9F50" author="Marathe, A. &amp; Tripathi, J. &amp; Handa, V. &amp; Date, V." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="267 - 269" refId="ref20944" refString="Marathe, A., Tripathi, J., Handa, V., Date, V., 2005. Human babesiosis - a case report. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 23, 267 - 269." type="journal article" year="2005">Marathe et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The first human case (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB29FE896C539F50" authority="Kobe" authorityName="Kobe" box="[1170,1322,321,341]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB29FE896D889F50" box="[1170,1265,321,341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
Kobe
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FA88FE8A6C199F50" box="[1331,1376,322,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
) in 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA31FE8A6CBB9F50" box="[1418,1474,322,341]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
was diagnosed in a patient in 1999. This patient likely acquired the infection from an asymptomatic donor (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB4EFEB16CC79F88" author="Matsui, T. &amp; Inoue, R. &amp; Kajimoto, K. &amp; Tamekane, A. &amp; Okamura, A. &amp; Katayama, Y. &amp; Shimoyama, M. &amp; Chihara, K. &amp; Saito-Ito, A. &amp; Tsuji, M." box="[1269,1470,377,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="628 - 634" refId="ref21092" refString="Matsui, T., Inoue, R., Kajimoto, K., Tamekane, A., Okamura, A., Katayama, Y., Shimoyama, M., Chihara, K., Saito-Ito, A., Tsuji, M., 2000. First documentation of transfusion-associated babesiosis in Japan. Rinsho Ketsueki 41, 628 - 634." type="journal article" year="2000">Matsui et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC9EFE5D6AB19FAC" author="Wei, Q. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Kohsaki, M. &amp; Matsui, T. &amp; Shiota, T. &amp; Telford 3 rd, S. R. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[805,968,405,425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="2178 - 2183" refId="ref25878" refString="Wei, Q., Tsuji, M., Zamoto, A., Kohsaki, M., Matsui, T., Shiota, T., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Ishihara, C., 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: isolation of Babesia microti - like parasites from an asymptomatic transfusion donor and from a rodent from an area where babesiosis is endemic. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 2178 - 2183." type="journal article" year="2001">Wei et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Previously diagnosed cases have been reported in Tawain (asymptomatic) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB84FE796D9D9FC1" author="Shih, C. M. &amp; Liu, L. P. &amp; Chung, W. C. &amp; Ong, S. J. &amp; Wang, C. C." box="[1087,1252,433,453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="450 - 454" refId="ref24121" refString="Shih, C. M., Liu, L. P., Chung, W. C., Ong, S. J., Wang, C. C., 1997. Human babesiosis in Taiwan: asymptomatic infection with a Babesia microti - like organism in a Taiwanese woman. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 450 - 454." type="journal article" year="1997">Shih et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and in 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA80FE796C0D9FC1" box="[1339,1396,433,452]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA3FFE796AE29FE5" author="Li, J. F. &amp; Meng, D. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="19 - 20" refId="ref20681" refString="Li, J. F., Meng, D. B., 1984. The discovery of human babesiosis in China. Chin. J. Vet. Med. 10, 19 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Li and Meng, 1984</bibRefCitation>
), but the causative agents were not well characterized. Serologic studies in Asia have indicated that unrecognized infections have occurred. In 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FBA0FDCD6D1F9C1D" box="[1051,1126,517,536]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, individuals with antibodies to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA0BFDCC6A139C31" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA0BFDCC6A139C31" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FBE1FDE96C449C31" author="Hsu, N. H. &amp; Cross, J. H." box="[1114,1341,545,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="950 - 954" refId="ref18997" refString="Hsu, N. H., Cross, J. H., 1977. Serologic survey for human babesiosis on Taiwan. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 76, 950 - 954." type="journal article" year="1977">Hsu and Cross, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FAF6FDE96A219C55" author="Shih, C. M. &amp; Liu, L. P. &amp; Chung, W. C. &amp; Ong, S. J. &amp; Wang, C. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="450 - 454" refId="ref24121" refString="Shih, C. M., Liu, L. P., Chung, W. C., Ong, S. J., Wang, C. C., 1997. Human babesiosis in Taiwan: asymptomatic infection with a Babesia microti - like organism in a Taiwanese woman. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 450 - 454." type="journal article" year="1997">Shih et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and a retrospective survey of sera collected in 1985 from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA1CFDF56A339C69" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
indicated that 1.3% of 1335 samples had antibodies to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAC5FD906A079C8D" authority="Kobe" authorityName="Kobe" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAC5FD906A3E9C82" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
Kobe
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FC3EFDBD6ACB9C8D" box="[901,946,629,648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC04FDBB6AB29C82" box="[959,971,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 3) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB93FDBB6DA79C8D" authority="Hobetsu" authorityName="Hobetsu" box="[1064,1246,627,648]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB93FDBB6DFD9C82" box="[1064,1156,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
Hobetsu
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FB58FDBD6C699C8D" box="[1251,1296,629,648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAA5FDBB6C539C82" box="[1310,1322,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 14), with the latter 
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FCD9FD596AF69CA1" box="[866,911,657,676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
having only been previously detected in rodents (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA29FD586AEF9CBA" author="Tsuji, M. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Morita, C. &amp; Arai, S. &amp; Shiota, T. &amp; Fujimagari, M. &amp; Itagaki, A. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Ishihara, C." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="4316 - 4322" refId="ref25366" refString="Tsuji, M., Wei, Q., Zamoto, A., Morita, C., Arai, S., Shiota, T., Fujimagari, M., Itagaki, A., Fujita, H., Ishihara, C., 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: epizootiologic survey of rodent reservoir and isolation of new type of Babesia microti - like parasite. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 4316 - 4322." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsuji et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC1BFD646D459CBA" author="Arai, S. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Kaiho, I. &amp; Murayama, H. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Okabe, N. &amp; Kamiyama, T. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[928,1084,684,704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="335 - 340" refId="ref14602" refString="Arai, S., Tsuji, M., Kaiho, I., Murayama, H., Zamoto, A., Wei, Q., Okabe, N., Kamiyama, T., Ishihara, C., 2003. Retrospective seroepidemiological survey for human babesiosis in an area in Japan where a tick-borne disease is endemic. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65, 335 - 340." type="journal article" year="2003">Arai et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Outside of Southeast Asia, antibodies to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FCFFFD0F6ADC9CDE" box="[836,933,711,731]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCFFFD0F6ADC9CDE" box="[836,933,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been detected in 6% of 273 individuals from northern 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FC3EFD2C6AB29CF2" box="[901,971,740,759]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(Poyraz and 
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FBEAFD2C6DEC9CFD" box="[1105,1173,740,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Güneş,</emphasis>
2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB47FFE8FC9EFCD36D669A7B" blockId="6.[805,1475,795,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC9EFCD36AA09D2A" box="[805,985,795,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.2.4.2. Reservoirs.</emphasis>
In Europe, natural infections of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA90FCD36CF39D2A" box="[1323,1418,795,815]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA90FCD36CF39D2A" box="[1323,1418,795,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from numerous rodent and shrew species including species of yellow-necked mice (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FBC8FC9B6C409D62" baseAuthorityName="Melchior" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1139,1337,851,871]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FBC8FC9B6C409D62" box="[1139,1337,851,871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Apodemus flavicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), wood mice (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FC96FCA76A8F9D86" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[813,1014,879,899]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC96FCA76A8F9D86" box="[813,1014,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Apodemus sylvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), bank voles (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB32FCA76A399D9B" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glareolus" subGenus="Clethrionomys">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB32FCA76C179D86" box="[1161,1390,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Myodes (Clethrionomys</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAC5FCA76A399D9B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">glareolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), field voles (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FC7DFC426D109D9B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[966,1129,906,926]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrestis">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC7DFC426D109D9B" box="[966,1129,906,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Microtus agrestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), common shrews (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA8BFC426CCC9D9B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1328,1461,906,926]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="araneus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA8BFC426CCC9D9B" box="[1328,1461,906,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Sorex araneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCEAFC6E6A039DBF" box="[849,890,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Mus</emphasis>
spp. in 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FC77FC606D539DBE" box="[972,1066,936,955]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB8EFC6F6D029DBF" box="[1077,1147,935,954]" name="Poland" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Poland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB3EFC6F6DB79DBF" box="[1157,1230,935,954]" name="Croatia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB62FC6F6C569DBF" box="[1241,1327,935,954]" name="Slovenia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA81FC6F6CFD9DBF" box="[1338,1412,935,954]" name="Austria" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Austria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA35FC606A2B9DD2" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FCE5FC0B6ACB9DD3" box="[862,946,963,982]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FC06FC0B6D209DD3" box="[957,1113,963,982]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FBDEFC0B6DC39DD3" box="[1125,1210,963,982]" name="Slovakia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
, and the 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FAA0FC0B6CBB9DD3" box="[1307,1474,963,982]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC96FC176A959DF7" author="Sebek, Z. &amp; Rosicky, B. &amp; Sixl, W." box="[813,1004,991,1011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="221 - 228" refId="ref23943" refString="Sebek, Z., Rosicky, B., Sixl, W., 1977. The occurrence of Babesia sis affecting small terrestrial mammals and the importance of this zoonosis in Europe. Folia Parasitol. 24, 221 - 228." type="journal article" year="1977">Sebek et al., 1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC40FC176D489DF7" author="Sebek, Z. &amp; Sixl, W. &amp; Stunzner, D. &amp; Valova, M. &amp; Hubalek, Z. &amp; Troger, H." box="[1019,1073,991,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="295 - 301" refId="ref23987" refString="Sebek, Z., Sixl, W., Stunzner, D., Valova, M., Hubalek, Z., Troger, H., 1980. Blood parasites of small wild mammals in Steiermark and Burgenland. Folia Parasitol. 27, 295 - 301." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FBFBFC286DB29DF7" author="Turner, C. M." box="[1088,1227,991,1011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="279 - 289" refId="ref25523" refString="Turner, C. M., 1986. Seasonal and age distributions of Babesia, Hepatozoon, Trypanosoma and Grahamella species in Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus sylvaticus populations. Parasitology 93, 279 - 289." type="journal article" year="1986">Turner, 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB62FC176C069DF7" author="Randolph, S. E." box="[1241,1407,991,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref22508" refString="Randolph, S. E., 1995. Quantifying parameters in the transmission of Babesia microti by the tick Ixodes trianguliceps amongst voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Parasitology 110, 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1995">Randolph, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA34FC176ADB9A0B" author="Bajer, A. &amp; Pawelczyk, A. &amp; Behnke, J. M. &amp; Gilbert, F. S. &amp; Sinski, E." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref14898" refString="Bajer, A., Pawelczyk, A., Behnke, J. M., Gilbert, F. S., Sinski, E., 2001. Factors affecting the component community structure of haemoparasites in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland. Parasitology 122, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Bajer et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC09FC336D1F9A0B" author="Duh, D. &amp; Petrovec, M. &amp; Trilar, T. &amp; Avsic-Zupanc, T." box="[946,1126,1019,1038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="113 - 117" refId="ref16934" refString="Duh, D., Petrovec, M., Trilar, T., Avsic-Zupanc, T., 2003. The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia. Parasitology 126, 113 - 117." type="journal article" year="2003">Duh et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FBCDFC336C429A0B" author="Sinski, E. &amp; Bajer, A. &amp; Welc, R. &amp; Pawelczyk, A. &amp; Ogrzewalska, M. &amp; Behnke, J. M." box="[1142,1339,1019,1038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref24378" refString="Sinski, E., Bajer, A., Welc, R., Pawelczyk, A., Ogrzewalska, M., Behnke, J. M., 2006. Babesia microti: prevalence in wild rodents and Ixodes ricinus ticks from the Mazury Lakes District of North-Eastern Poland. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 296 (Suppl. 40), 137 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">Siński et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FAF0FC336A229A2F" author="Beck, R. &amp; Vojta, L. &amp; Curkovic, S. &amp; Mrljak, V. &amp; Margaletic, J. &amp; Habrun, B." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="81 - 83" refId="ref15073" refString="Beck, R., Vojta, L., Curkovic, S., Mrljak, V., Margaletic, J., Habrun, B., 2011. Molecular survey of Babesia microti in wild rodents in central Croatia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 81 - 83." type="journal article" year="2011">Beck et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FCDEFBDF6D6C9A2F" author="Bown, K. J. &amp; Lambin, X. &amp; Telford, G. &amp; Heyder-Bruckner, D. &amp; Ogden, N. H. &amp; Birtles, R. J." box="[869,1045,1047,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="947 - 953" refId="ref15721" refString="Bown, K. J., Lambin, X., Telford, G., Heyder-Bruckner, D., Ogden, N. H., Birtles, R. J., 2011. The common shrew (Sorex araneus): a neglected host of tick-borne infections? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 947 - 953." type="journal article" year="2011">Bown et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Genetic characterization of various samples of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FCC9FBFA6AA99A43" box="[882,976,1074,1094]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCC9FBFA6AA99A43" box="[882,976,1074,1094]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has indicated that both zoonotic and presumed non-zoonotic strains are co-circulating in the same species of rodents (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FCD0FBA36D6B9A7B" author="Beck, R. &amp; Vojta, L. &amp; Curkovic, S. &amp; Mrljak, V. &amp; Margaletic, J. &amp; Habrun, B." box="[875,1042,1131,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="81 - 83" refId="ref15073" refString="Beck, R., Vojta, L., Curkovic, S., Mrljak, V., Margaletic, J., Habrun, B., 2011. Molecular survey of Babesia microti in wild rodents in central Croatia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 81 - 83." type="journal article" year="2011">Beck et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB47FFE8FCFFFB4F6DCF9932" blockId="6.[805,1475,795,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
In Asia, at least three named 
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FBCDFB4F6DD59A9F" box="[1142,1196,1159,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB6BFB4E6C569A9F" box="[1232,1327,1158,1178]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB6BFB4E6C569A9F" box="[1232,1327,1158,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parasites (
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FA1BFB4F6CC79A9F" box="[1440,1470,1159,1178]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">US</collectingCountry>
, Kobe, and Hobetsu) have been detected in naturally infected rodents and shrews (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC4AFB776DB69AD4" author="Zamoto, A. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Kawabuchi, T. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Asakawa, M. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[1009,1231,1214,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="919 - 926" refId="ref26709" refString="Zamoto, A., Tsuji, M., Kawabuchi, T., Wei, Q., Asakawa, M., Ishihara, C., 2004 a. U. S. - type Babesia microti isolated from small wild mammals in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66, 919 - 926." type="journal article" year="2004">Zamoto et al., 2004a</bibRefCitation>
,b; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB54FB766CE49AD7" author="Kim, J. - Y. &amp; Cho, S. - H. &amp; Joo, H. - N. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Cho, S. - R. &amp; Park, I. - J. &amp; Chung, G. - T. &amp; Ju, J. - W. &amp; Cheun, H. - I. &amp; Lee, H. - W. &amp; Lee, Y. - H. &amp; Kim, T. - S." box="[1263,1437,1214,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="2084 - 2087" refId="ref19604" refString="Kim, J. - Y., Cho, S. - H., Joo, H. - N., Tsuji, M., Cho, S. - R., Park, I. - J., Chung, G. - T., Ju, J. - W., Cheun, H. - I., Lee, H. - W., Lee, Y. - H., Kim, T. - S., 2007. First case of human babesiosis in Korea: detection and characterization of a novel type of Babesia sp. (KO 1) similar to ovine Babesia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45, 2084 - 2087." type="journal article" year="2007">Kim et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA17FB766AEC9AE8" author="Qi, C. &amp; Zhou, D. &amp; Liu, J. &amp; Cheng, Z. &amp; Zhang, L. &amp; Wang, L. &amp; Wang, Z. &amp; Yang, D. &amp; Wang, S. &amp; Chai, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="241 - 245" refId="ref22302" refString="Qi, C., Zhou, D., Liu, J., Cheng, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Wang, Z., Yang, D., Wang, S., Chai, T., 2011. Detection of Babesia divergens using molecular methods in anemic patients in Shandong Province, China. Parasitol. Res. 109, 241 - 245." type="journal article" year="2011">Qi et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FC7FFB136A849AEB" box="[964,1021,1243,1262]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
, two field mice species (Large Japanese field mice (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FCD8FB3D6D5C9B0C" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[867,1061,1269,1289]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCD8FB3D6D5C9B0C" box="[867,1061,1269,1289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Apodemus speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Small Japanese field mice (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAD0FB3D6A359B20" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAD0FB3D6A359B20" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">A. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)) are natural hosts for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB88FAD96DBE9B20" authority="Kobe" authorityName="Kobe" box="[1075,1223,1297,1317]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB88FAD96DF69B20" box="[1075,1167,1297,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
Kobe
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FB76FADA6D839B20" box="[1229,1274,1298,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FABCFADA6CC79B20" author="Shiota, T. &amp; Kurimoto, H. &amp; Haguma, N. &amp; Yoshida, Y." box="[1287,1470,1298,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="347 - 355" refId="ref24189" refString="Shiota, T., Kurimoto, H., Haguma, N., Yoshida, Y., 1984. Studies on Babesia first found in murine in Japan: epidemiology, morphology and experimental infection. Zentralbl. Bacteriol. Microbiol. Hyg. A 256, 347 - 355." type="journal article" year="1984">Shiota et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC9EFAE66AA19B44" author="Tsuji, M. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Morita, C. &amp; Arai, S. &amp; Shiota, T. &amp; Fujimagari, M. &amp; Itagaki, A. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[805,984,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="4316 - 4322" refId="ref25366" refString="Tsuji, M., Wei, Q., Zamoto, A., Morita, C., Arai, S., Shiota, T., Fujimagari, M., Itagaki, A., Fujita, H., Ishihara, C., 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: epizootiologic survey of rodent reservoir and isolation of new type of Babesia microti - like parasite. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 4316 - 4322." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsuji et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC5EFAE66DE89B44" author="Wei, Q. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Kohsaki, M. &amp; Matsui, T. &amp; Shiota, T. &amp; Telford 3 rd, S. R. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[997,1169,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="2178 - 2183" refId="ref25878" refString="Wei, Q., Tsuji, M., Zamoto, A., Kohsaki, M., Matsui, T., Shiota, T., Telford 3 rd, S. R., Ishihara, C., 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: isolation of Babesia microti - like parasites from an asymptomatic transfusion donor and from a rodent from an area where babesiosis is endemic. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 2178 - 2183." type="journal article" year="2001">Wei et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB24FAE66C0C9B44" author="Saito-Ito, A. &amp; Yano, Y. &amp; Dantrakool, A. &amp; Hashimoto, T. &amp; Takada, N." box="[1183,1397,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="2268 - 2270" refId="ref23201" refString="Saito-Ito, A., Yano, Y., Dantrakool, A., Hashimoto, T., Takada, N., 2004. Survey of rodents and ticks in human babesiosis emergence area in Japan: first detection of Babesia microti - like parasites in Ixodes ovatus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 2268 - 2270." type="journal article" year="2004">Saito-Ito et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA39FAE66CCD9B44" author="Saito-Ito, A. &amp; Kasahara, M. &amp; Kasai, M. &amp; Dantrakool, A. &amp; Kawai, A. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Yano, Y. &amp; Kawabata, H. &amp; Takada, N." box="[1410,1460,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="15 - 24" refId="ref23265" refString="Saito-Ito, A., Kasahara, M., Kasai, M., Dantrakool, A., Kawai, A., Fujita, H., Yano, Y., Kawabata, H., Takada, N., 2007. Survey of Babesia microti infection in field rodents in Japan: records of the Kobe-type in new foci and findings of a new type related to the Otsu-type. Microbiol. Immunol. 51, 15 - 24." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
). Numerous rodents and shrews are infected with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAB6FA816CBB9B58" authority="Hobetsu" authorityName="Hobetsu" box="[1293,1474,1353,1373]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAB6FA816C109B58" box="[1293,1385,1353,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
Hobetsu
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FC9EFAAE6A2B9B7C" box="[805,850,1382,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
including Large Japanese field mice, grey red-backed voles (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FC96FA486D669B91" baseAuthorityName="Sundevall" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[813,1055,1408,1428]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Clethrionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocanus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC96FA486D669B91" box="[813,1055,1408,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Clethrionomys rufocanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), northern red-backed voles (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAE0FA486CCC9B91" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1779" box="[1371,1461,1408,1428]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAE0FA486CCC9B91" box="[1371,1461,1408,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">C. rutilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Japanese field voles (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FC4FFA546DCB9BB5" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1012,1202,1436,1456]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montebelli">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC4FFA546DCB9BB5" box="[1012,1202,1436,1456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Microtus montebelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), long-clawed shrews (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA21FA546AB99BC9" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA21FA546AB99BC9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Sorex unguiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and Laxmann’s shrews (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB6EFA706C0E9BC9" authorityName="Laxmann" authorityYear="1788" box="[1237,1399,1464,1484]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caecutiens">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB6EFA706C0E9BC9" box="[1237,1399,1464,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Sorex caecutiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FA29FA716AE49BED" author="Tsuji, M. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Morita, C. &amp; Arai, S. &amp; Shiota, T. &amp; Fujimagari, M. &amp; Itagaki, A. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Ishihara, C." pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="4316 - 4322" refId="ref25366" refString="Tsuji, M., Wei, Q., Zamoto, A., Morita, C., Arai, S., Shiota, T., Fujimagari, M., Itagaki, A., Fujita, H., Ishihara, C., 2001. Human babesiosis in Japan: epizootiologic survey of rodent reservoir and isolation of new type of Babesia microti - like parasite. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 4316 - 4322." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsuji et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Large Japanese field mice, grey red-backed voles, and northern red-backed voles are also hosts for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAADFA386C0A9801" box="[1302,1395,1520,1540]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAADFA386C0A9801" box="[1302,1395,1520,1540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
US-like (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FC96F9C66A829825" author="Zamoto, A. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Kawabuchi, T. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Asakawa, M. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[813,1019,1549,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="919 - 926" refId="ref26709" refString="Zamoto, A., Tsuji, M., Kawabuchi, T., Wei, Q., Asakawa, M., Ishihara, C., 2004 a. U. S. - type Babesia microti isolated from small wild mammals in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66, 919 - 926." type="journal article" year="2004">Zamoto et al., 2004a</bibRefCitation>
,b). In 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB82F9C56DFB9825" box="[1081,1154,1549,1568]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB0EF9C56D899825" box="[1205,1264,1549,1568]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB41F9C46CF69825" authority="Kobe" authorityName="Kobe" box="[1274,1423,1548,1568]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB41F9C46C2E9825" box="[1274,1367,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
Kobe
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FA2DF9C66CBA9824" box="[1430,1475,1550,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
or related parasites have been reported in Horsfield’s shrews (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FC96F98C6A8D985D" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[813,1012,1604,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC96F98C6A8D985D" box="[813,1012,1604,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Crocidura horsfieldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and spinous country-rats (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA98F98C6CCC985D" box="[1315,1461,1604,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxinga">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA98F98C6CCC985D" box="[1315,1461,1604,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Rattus coxinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Chinese white-bellied rats (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB8CF9A86C6B9871" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1079,1298,1632,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confucianus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB8CF9A86C6B9871" box="[1079,1298,1632,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Niviventer confucianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and striped field mice (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FCDFF9B46D659895" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[868,1052,1660,1680]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrarius">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCDFF9B46D659895" box="[868,1052,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Apodemus agrarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB88F9B56D849895" author="Saito-Ito, A. &amp; Takada, N. &amp; Ishiquro, F. &amp; Fujita, H. &amp; Yano, Y. &amp; Ma, X. H. &amp; Chen, E. R." box="[1075,1277,1661,1680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="691 - 699" refId="ref23351" refString="Saito-Ito, A., Takada, N., Ishiquro, F., Fujita, H., Yano, Y., Ma, X. H., Chen, E. R., 2008. Detection of Kobe-type Babesia microti associated with Japanese human babesiosis in field rodents in central Taiwan and southeastern mainland China. Parasitology 135, 691 - 699." type="journal article" year="2008">Saito-Ito et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAAAF9B46CF69895" authority="US" authorityName="US" box="[1297,1423,1660,1680]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAAAF9B46C179895" box="[1297,1390,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
US
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB47FFE8FA2DF9B56CBA9895" box="[1430,1475,1661,1680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
has been found in striped field mice and Korean field mice (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAC5F9506AC298C2" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAC5F9506AC298C2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Apodemus peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FBB9F97C6D0798CD" box="[1026,1150,1716,1736]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, yellow steppe lemmings (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA2BF97B6A2298E6" authorityName="Argyropulo" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eolagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA2BF97B6A2298E6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Eolagurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FCC5F9076AB098E6" authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[894,969,1743,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Lagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCC5F9076AB098E6" box="[894,969,1743,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Lagurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC60F9076D6C98E6" box="[987,1045,1743,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">luteus</emphasis>
) from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FBD9F9186DE498E6" box="[1122,1181,1744,1763]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
, and Korean field mice and grey red-backed voles from Eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB47FFE8FB2EF9246DAC98FA" box="[1173,1237,1772,1791]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FB5FF9256CCC98FA" author="Zamoto, A. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Wei, Q. &amp; Cho, S. - H. &amp; Shin, E. - H. &amp; Kim, T. - S. &amp; Leonova, G. N. &amp; Hagiwara, K. &amp; Asakawa, M. &amp; Kariwa, H. &amp; Takashima, I. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[1252,1461,1772,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="785 - 792" refId="ref26775" refString="Zamoto, A., Tsuji, M., Wei, Q., Cho, S. - H., Shin, E. - H., Kim, T. - S., Leonova, G. N., Hagiwara, K., Asakawa, M., Kariwa, H., Takashima, I., Ishihara, C., 2004 b. Epizootiologic survey for Babesia microti among small wild mammals in northeastern Eurasia and a geographic diversity in the beta-tubulin gene sequences. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66, 785 - 792." type="journal article" year="2004">Zamoto et al., 2004b</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectionCode id="ED1CA189EB47FFE8FC9EF8C06A4A991E" box="[805,819,1800,1819]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
related 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FC3FF8CF6AA6991E" box="[900,991,1799,1819]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC3FF8CF6AA6991E" box="[900,991,1799,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like sp. has been detected in Eurasian red squirrels (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FCE3F8EB6A939932" box="[856,1002,1827,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Sciuris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FCE3F8EB6A939932" box="[856,1002,1827,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Sciuris vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB47FFE8FBBAF8EC6DD19932" author="Tsuji, M. &amp; Zamoto, A. &amp; Kawabuchi, T. &amp; Kataoka, T. &amp; Nakajima, R. &amp; Asakawa, M. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[1025,1192,1828,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" pagination="643 - 646" refId="ref25452" refString="Tsuji, M., Zamoto, A., Kawabuchi, T., Kataoka, T., Nakajima, R., Asakawa, M., Ishihara, C., 2006. Babesia microti - like parasites detected in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris orientis) in Hokkaido, Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68, 643 - 646." type="journal article" year="2006">Tsuji et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB47FFE9FC9EF8936B889F88" blockId="6.[805,1474,1883,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[113,783,181,871]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FC9EF8936AC5996A" box="[805,956,1883,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">2.2.4.3. Vectors.</emphasis>
In Europe, the primary vector of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FAA9F8936C09996A" box="[1298,1392,1883,1903]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FAA9F8936C09996A" box="[1298,1392,1883,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FA35F8936A34998E" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FA35F8936A34998E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">I. ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also transmits 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB86F8BF6DCD998E" box="[1085,1204,1911,1931]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="divergens">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB86F8BF6DCD998E" box="[1085,1204,1911,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">B. divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and several other human and veterinary pathogens (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FBD6F85B6DC199A2" authorityName="Swellengrebel" authorityYear="1907" box="[1133,1208,1939,1959]" class="Spirochaetes" family="Spirochaetaceae" genus="Borrelia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Spirochaetales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Spirochaetae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FBD6F85B6DC199A2" box="[1133,1208,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Borrelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB47FFE8FB4AF85B6C4399A2" box="[1265,1338,1939,1959]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB47FFE8FB4AF85B6C4399A2" box="[1265,1338,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Babesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This tick is common on large mammals, including people, throughout Europe and isolated parts of western Asia and northern Africa. Infections with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FF1EFF7D68789ECC" box="[165,257,181,201]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FF1EFF7D68789ECC" box="[165,257,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like species have been reported in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FDE4FF7D6BC99ECC" box="[607,688,181,201]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FDE4FF7D6BC99ECC" box="[607,688,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
throughout the range of the tick including 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FE66FF1A6B2F9EE0" box="[477,598,210,229]" name="Switzerland" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FDD9FF1A6BD19EE0" box="[610,680,210,229]" name="Poland" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Poland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FD0FFF1A6B9B9EE0" box="[692,738,210,229]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FD55FF1A69949F04" name="Netherlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FF4CFF2668E89F04" box="[247,401,238,257]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FE21FF26689C9F04" box="[410,485,238,257]" name="Estonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Estonia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FE55FF266B3B9F04" box="[494,578,238,257]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Belgium</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FDF7FF266BDD9F04" box="[588,676,238,257]" name="Hungary" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FD15FF266A759F04" box="[686,780,238,257]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FFCAFEC269CA9F18" box="[113,179,266,285]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Russia</collectingCountry>
, and the 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FEA6FEC268BE9F18" box="[285,455,266,285]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE61FEC26BC09F18" author="Alekseev, A. N. &amp; Semenov, A. V. &amp; Dubinina, H. V." box="[474,697,266,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="345 - 353" refId="ref14351" refString="Alekseev, A. N., Semenov, A. V., Dubinina, H. V., 2003. Evidence of Babesia microti infection in multi-infected Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Russia. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 29, 345 - 353." type="journal article" year="2003">Alekseev et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FD73FEC269909F3C" author="Hartelt, K. &amp; Oehme, R. &amp; Frank, H. &amp; Brockmann, S. O. &amp; Hassler, D. &amp; Kimmig, P." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="86 - 92" refId="ref18006" refString="Hartelt, K., Oehme, R., Frank, H., Brockmann, S. O., Hassler, D., Kimmig, P., 2004. Pathogens and symbionts in ticks: prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichia sp.), Wolbachia sp., Rickettsia sp., and Babesia sp. in Southern Germany. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 293 (Suppl. 37), 86 - 92." type="journal article" year="2004">Hartelt et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FF4CFEEE68C09F3C" author="Rudolf, I. &amp; Golovchenko, M. &amp; Sikutova, S. &amp; Rudenko, N. &amp; Grubhoffer, L. &amp; Hubalek, Z." box="[247,441,294,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="274 - 276" refId="ref23055" refString="Rudolf, I., Golovchenko, M., Sikutova, S., Rudenko, N., Grubhoffer, L., Hubalek, Z., 2005. Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) in nymphal Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Czech Republic. Folia Parasitol. 52, 274 - 276." type="journal article" year="2005">Rudolf et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE7DFEEE6BFA9F3C" author="Sreter, T. &amp; Kalman, D. &amp; Sreterne Lancz, Z. &amp; Szell, Z. &amp; Egyed, L." box="[454,643,294,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="595 - 600" refId="ref24551" refString="Sreter, T., Kalman, D., Sreterne Lancz, Z., Szell, Z., Egyed, L., 2005. Babesia microti and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: two emerging zoonotic pathogens in Europe and Hungary. Orv. Hetil. 146, 595 - 600." type="journal article" year="2005">Sréter et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FD2AFEEE69DE9F50" author="Casati, S. &amp; Sager, H. &amp; Gern, L. &amp; Piffaretti, J. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="65 - 70" refId="ref16246" refString="Casati, S., Sager, H., Gern, L., Piffaretti, J. C., 2006. Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 13, 65 - 70." type="journal article" year="2006">Casati et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FF0EFE8A680A9F50" author="Sinski, E. &amp; Bajer, A. &amp; Welc, R. &amp; Pawelczyk, A. &amp; Ogrzewalska, M. &amp; Behnke, J. M." box="[181,371,322,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref24378" refString="Sinski, E., Bajer, A., Welc, R., Pawelczyk, A., Ogrzewalska, M., Behnke, J. M., 2006. Babesia microti: prevalence in wild rodents and Ixodes ricinus ticks from the Mazury Lakes District of North-Eastern Poland. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 296 (Suppl. 40), 137 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">Siński et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE3AFE8A6B389F50" author="Nijhof, A. M. &amp; Bodaan, C. &amp; Postigo, M. &amp; Nieuwenhuijs, H. &amp; Opsteegh, M. &amp; Franssen, L. &amp; Jebbink, F. &amp; Jongejan, F." box="[385,577,322,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="585 - 595" refId="ref21607" refString="Nijhof, A. M., Bodaan, C., Postigo, M., Nieuwenhuijs, H., Opsteegh, M., Franssen, L., Jebbink, F., Jongejan, F., 2007. Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 7, 585 - 595." type="journal article" year="2007">Nijhof et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FDF4FE8A6A729F50" author="Bown, K. J. &amp; Lambin, X. &amp; Telford, G. R. &amp; Ogden, N. H. &amp; Telfer, S. &amp; Woldehiwet, Z. &amp; Birtles, R. J." box="[591,779,322,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="7118 - 7125" refId="ref15639" refString="Bown, K. J., Lambin, X., Telford, G. R., Ogden, N. H., Telfer, S., Woldehiwet, Z., Birtles, R. J., 2008. Relative importance of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in field vole (Microtus agrestis) populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 7118 - 7125." type="journal article" year="2008">Bown et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FFCAFE96683D9F74" author="Wielinga, P. R. &amp; Fonville, M. &amp; Sprong, H. &amp; Gaasenbeek, C. &amp; Borgsteede, F. &amp; van der Giessen, J. W. B." box="[113,324,350,369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref26022" refString="Wielinga, P. R., Fonville, M., Sprong, H., Gaasenbeek, C., Borgsteede, F., van der Giessen, J. W. B., 2009. Persistent detection of Babesia EU 1 and Babesia microti in Ixodes ricinus in the Netherlands during a 5 - year surveillance: 2003 - 2007. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 9, 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2009">Wielinga et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FEF5FE966B759F74" author="Cassini, R. &amp; Bonoli, C. &amp; Montarsi, F. &amp; Tessarin, C. &amp; Marcer, F. &amp; Galuppi, R." box="[334,524,350,369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref16299" refString="Cassini, R., Bonoli, C., Montarsi, F., Tessarin, C., Marcer, F., Galuppi, R., 2010. Detection of Babesia EU 1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in northern Italy. Vet. Parasitol. 171, 151 - 154." type="journal article" year="2010">Cassini et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FDACFE966BB89F74" author="Burri, C. &amp; Dupasquier, C. &amp; Bastic, V. &amp; Gern, L." box="[535,705,350,369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="939 - 944" refId="ref15979" refString="Burri, C., Dupasquier, C., Bastic, V., Gern, L., 2011. Pathogens of emerging tick-borne diseases, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp., in Ixodes ticks collected from rodents at four sites in Switzerland (Canton of Bern). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 939 - 944." type="journal article" year="2011">Burri et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FD77FE9668749F88" author="Gigandet, L. &amp; Stauffer, E. &amp; Douet, V. &amp; Rais, O. &amp; Moret, J. &amp; Gern, L." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="363 - 366" refId="ref17280" refString="Gigandet, L., Stauffer, E., Douet, V., Rais, O., Moret, J., Gern, L., 2011. Prevalence of three zoonotic Babesia species in Ixodes ricinus (Linne, 1758) nymphs in a suburban forest in Switzerland. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 363 - 366." type="journal article" year="2011">Gigandet et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FEA3FEB1688D9F88" author="Katargina, O. &amp; Geller, J. &amp; Vasilenko, V. &amp; Kuznetsova, T. &amp; Jarvekulg, L. &amp; Vene, S. &amp; Lundkvist, A. &amp; Golovljova, I." box="[280,500,377,397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="923 - 928" refId="ref19487" refString="Katargina, O., Geller, J., Vasilenko, V., Kuznetsova, T., Jarvekulg, L., Vene, S., Lundkvist, A., Golovljova, I., 2011. Detection and characterization of Babesia species in Ixodes ticks in Estonia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 923 - 928." type="journal article" year="2011">Katargina et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE44FEB26B9D9F88" author="Lempereur, L. &amp; De Cat, A. &amp; Caron, Y. &amp; Madder, M. &amp; Claerebout, E. &amp; Saegerman, C. &amp; Losson, B." box="[511,740,377,397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="125 - 130" refId="ref20461" refString="Lempereur, L., De Cat, A., Caron, Y., Madder, M., Claerebout, E., Saegerman, C., Losson, B., 2011. First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp. EU 1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11, 125 - 130." type="journal article" year="2011">Lempereur et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB46FFE9FF2BFE5E68D59CA1" blockId="7.[113,783,181,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FF12FE5D69859FAD" box="[169,252,405,424]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">England</collectingCountry>
, both 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FE83FE5C68F09FAD" box="[312,393,404,424]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FE83FE5C68F09FAD" box="[312,393,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FE02FE5C6B3D9FAD" box="[441,580,404,424]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trianguliceps">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FE02FE5C6B3D9FAD" box="[441,580,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. trianguliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can transmit 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FD76FE5C69EA9FC1" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FD76FE5C69EA9FC1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like spp. among voles but 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FE12FE786B4E9FC1" box="[425,567,432,452]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trianguliceps">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FE12FE786B4E9FC1" box="[425,567,432,452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. trianguliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is believed to be the primary vector because exclusion of deer (with subsequent drop in numbers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FEBCFE2068239FF9" box="[263,346,488,508]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FEBCFE2068239FF9" box="[263,346,488,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) did not affect density of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FDDEFE206B8B9FF9" box="[613,754,488,508]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trianguliceps">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FDDEFE206B8B9FF9" box="[613,754,488,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. trianguliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or prevalence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FEBDFDCC68369C1D" box="[262,335,516,536]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FEBDFDCC68369C1D" box="[262,335,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Babesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in voles (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE00FDCD6B0A9C1D" author="Bown, K. J. &amp; Lambin, X. &amp; Telford, G. R. &amp; Ogden, N. H. &amp; Telfer, S. &amp; Woldehiwet, Z. &amp; Birtles, R. J." box="[443,627,517,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="7118 - 7125" refId="ref15639" refString="Bown, K. J., Lambin, X., Telford, G. R., Ogden, N. H., Telfer, S., Woldehiwet, Z., Birtles, R. J., 2008. Relative importance of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in field vole (Microtus agrestis) populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 7118 - 7125." type="journal article" year="2008">Bown et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Naturally infected 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FF0EFDE8683B9C31" box="[181,322,544,564]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trianguliceps">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FF0EFDE8683B9C31" box="[181,322,544,564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. trianguliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have also been reported in 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FDE2FDE96BE79C31" box="[601,670,545,564]" name="Poland" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Poland</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FD74FDE96A769C31" box="[719,783,545,564]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FFC1FDF5684E9C55" author="Telford 3 rd, S. R. &amp; Korenberg, E. I. &amp; Goethert, H. K. &amp; Kovalevskii, I. V. &amp; Gorelova, N. B. &amp; Spielman, A." box="[122,311,573,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref25087" refString="Telford 3 rd, S. R., Korenberg, E. I., Goethert, H. K., Kovalevskii, I. V., Gorelova, N. B., Spielman, A., 2002. Detection of natural foci of babesiosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Russia. Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol., 21 - 25." type="book chapter" year="2002">Telford et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FEFAFDF568909C55" author="Karbowiak, G." box="[321,489,573,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="61 - 65" refId="ref19456" refString="Karbowiak, G., 2004. Zoonotic reservoir of Babesia microti in Poland. Pol. J. Microbiol. 53 (Suppl.), 61 - 65." type="journal article" year="2004">Karbowiak, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FD3DFDF46B9B9C55" box="[646,738,572,592]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FD3DFDF46B9B9C55" box="[646,738,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently detected in 4.5% of 468 questing 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FD9FFD906A769C69" box="[548,783,600,620]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FD9FFD906A769C69" box="[548,783,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Dermacentor reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FF12FDBD69969C8D" box="[169,239,629,648]" name="Poland" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Poland</collectingCountry>
, suggesting a need to investigate other potential vectors (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FF13FD5968E69CA1" author="Wojcik-Fatla, A. &amp; Bartosik, K. &amp; Buczek, A. &amp; Dutkiewicz, J." box="[168,415,657,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="841 - 843" refId="ref26099" refString="Wojcik-Fatla, A., Bartosik, K., Buczek, A., Dutkiewicz, J., 2012. Babesia microti in adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from Eastern Poland. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 12, 841 - 843." type="journal article" year="2012">Wójcik-Fatla et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2394CEB46FFE9FF2BFD6568A99D62" blockId="7.[113,783,181,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
In Asia, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FF65FD6368EB9CBA" authority="Hobetsu" authorityName="Hobetsu" box="[222,402,683,703]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FF65FD6368409CBA" box="[222,313,683,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
Hobetsu
</taxonomicName>
have been detected in questing 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FD68FD6369C89CDE" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FD68FD6369C89CDE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Ixodes ovatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FF55FD01685F9CD9" box="[238,294,713,732]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Japan</collectingCountry>
while 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FED1FD0F689E9CDE" authority="US" authorityName="US" box="[362,487,711,731]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FED1FD0F68BF9CDE" box="[362,454,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
US
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB46FFE9FE56FD016B639CD9" box="[493,538,713,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
and a 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FDE6FD0F6BC09CDE" box="[605,697,711,731]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FDE6FD0F6BC09CDE" box="[605,697,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB46FFE9FD04FD016B959CD9" box="[703,748,713,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FF72FD2B681A9CF2" authority="Kobe" authorityName="Kobe" box="[201,355,739,759]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FF72FD2B68509CF2" box="[201,297,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
Kobe
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B687EEEB46FFE9FED7FD2D68E09CFD" box="[364,409,741,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
have been detected in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FD35FD2B6A769CF2" box="[654,783,739,759]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persulcatus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FD35FD2B6A769CF2" box="[654,783,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">I. persulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FF17FCC869959D16" box="[172,236,768,787]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Russia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FE9FFCC868249D16" box="[292,349,768,787]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FECBFCC86B319D16" author="Saito-Ito, A. &amp; Yano, Y. &amp; Dantrakool, A. &amp; Hashimoto, T. &amp; Takada, N." box="[368,584,768,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="2268 - 2270" refId="ref23201" refString="Saito-Ito, A., Yano, Y., Dantrakool, A., Hashimoto, T., Takada, N., 2004. Survey of rodents and ticks in human babesiosis emergence area in Japan: first detection of Babesia microti - like parasites in Ixodes ovatus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 2268 - 2270." type="journal article" year="2004">Saito-Ito et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FDEDFCC96A729D16" author="Yano, Y. &amp; Saito-Ito, A. &amp; Anchalee, D. &amp; Takada, N." box="[598,779,768,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="891 - 897" refId="ref26509" refString="Yano, Y., Saito-Ito, A., Anchalee, D., Takada, N., 2005. Japanese Babesia microti cytologically detected in salivary glands of naturally infected tick Ixodes ovatus. Microbiol. Immunol. 49, 891 - 897." type="journal article" year="2005">Yano et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FFCAFCD4686C9D2A" author="Sun, Y. &amp; Liu, G. &amp; Yang, L. &amp; Xu, R. &amp; Cao, W." box="[113,277,796,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="333 - 339" refId="ref24811" refString="Sun, Y., Liu, G., Yang, L., Xu, R., Cao, W., 2008. Babesia microti - like rodent parasites isolated from Ixodes persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Heilongjiang Province, China. Vet. Parasitol. 156, 333 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">Sun et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE9BFCD468B99D2A" author="Rar, V. A. &amp; Epikhina, T. I. &amp; Livanova, N. N. &amp; Panov, V. V." box="[288,448,796,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="175 - 182" refId="ref22544" refString="Rar, V. A., Epikhina, T. I., Livanova, N. N., Panov, V. V., 2011. Genetic diversity of Babesia in Ixodes persulcatus and small mammals from North Ural and West Siberia, Russia. Parasitology 138, 175 - 182." type="journal article" year="2011">Rar et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FE77FCD46B9F9D2A" author="Zamoto-Niikura, A. &amp; Tsuji, M. &amp; Qiang, W. &amp; Nakao, M. &amp; Hirata, H. &amp; Ishihara, C." box="[460,742,796,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="3424 - 3430" refId="ref26885" refString="Zamoto-Niikura, A., Tsuji, M., Qiang, W., Nakao, M., Hirata, H., Ishihara, C., 2012. Detection of two zoonotic Babesia microti lineages, the Hobetsu and U. S. lineages, in two sympatria tick species, Ixodes ovatus, and Ixodes persulcatus, respectively, in Japan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 3424 - 3430." type="journal article" year="2012">Zamoto-Niikura et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F31A79DCEB46FFE9FFCAFCF069C59D4E" box="[113,188,824,843]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FF7DFCFF68099D4E" box="[198,368,823,843]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FF7DFCFF68099D4E" box="[198,368,823,843]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Ixodes granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
transmitted a 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D42CFEB46FFE9FDBCFCFF6B1D9D4E" box="[519,612,823,843]" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="microti">
<emphasis id="B979E55EEB46FFE9FDBCFCFF6B1D9D4E" box="[519,612,823,843]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">B. microti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strain to laboratory rats (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C44BDEB46FFE9FF6CFC9C68BA9D62" author="van Peenen, P. F. &amp; Chang, S. J. &amp; Banknieder, A. R. &amp; Santana, F. J." box="[215,451,852,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="310 - 312" refId="ref25673" refString="van Peenen, P. F., Chang, S. J., Banknieder, A. R., Santana, F. J., 1977. Piroplasms from Taiwanese rodents. J. Protozool. 24, 310 - 312." type="journal article" year="1977">van Peenen et al., 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>