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<document id="19581B2F1D11C11B75BD10596C19114C" ID-CLB-Dataset="301691" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.650.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="013d50b0-052e-4f62-b1a0-6f5d26033f79" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216219" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722602967944" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ahmadpour, Abdollah, Ghosta, Youbert, Alavi, Fatemeh, Alavi, Zahra, Karunarathna, Samantha C. &amp; Tibpromma, Saowaluck" docDate="2024" docId="0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.650.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 650 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.650.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Stemphylium persianum A. Ahmadpour, Y. Ghosta, Z. Alavi &amp; F. Alavi 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFAD305545340419FFE3FFD4FD59FFBB" masterDocTitle="Stemphylium persianum sp. nov., (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1724419429191" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="11E7CEA3B7B31202B94404F03915AD63">Stemphylium persianum sp. nov., (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89F1F9BF75A86618C01D1BE408E291B8">Ahmadpour, Abdollah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B9966B136241A421B828AD58C103CA5">Ghosta, Youbert</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C00FEF5F97430C05EB89BCE19B323A3" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4038-2448</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0B0F6ACA67A2BA9749022A49149E0EDB">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1A8E894045E4C3719A2083BE1CE42E9" type="email">y.ghoosta@urmia.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9E6CFC49BD8CD60BE8D03EAD2307D5C5">Alavi, Fatemeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D353F036CD1CFB8A343F33707C8AA02">Alavi, Zahra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5954852C0BB243EC2372A2A5C92C9DF2">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2731CF81705F0F52879C18AE1BCF89CC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7080-0781</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8ED3CE820C1A9045E96F6902E134A4AE">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011 P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="372448B2A7E52B33248377B8A0320570" type="email">samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="11D1575369085EB8B754E915694BCFD1">Tibpromma, Saowaluck</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BECDCFCA132163F28DD691D1F39CA01">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011 P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2FD5449BE0CD3EC35E27D929899CBEA" type="email">saowaluckfai@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B71257567C2D852D6BD1AF44E9062469">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3B3B4D19060E8E72A63B43A56CAFE152">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9C8D83BB201574588D53AF30D2CF05E9">2024-05-23</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13365935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13365935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C327AAB04532041FFF6BFF20F9DAFEB5" box="[136,1155,244,271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF6BFF20F9DAFEB5" blockId="6.[136,1155,244,271]" box="[136,1155,244,271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0CA4E574532041FFF6BFF20F9DAFEB5" box="[136,1155,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFF6BFF20FCFAFEB5" authority="A. Ahmadpour, Y. Ghosta, Z. Alavi &amp; F. Alavi, 2024" authorityName="A. Ahmadpour, Y. Ghosta, Z. Alavi &amp; F. Alavi" authorityYear="2024" box="[136,419,244,271]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BFF20FCFAFEB5" bold="true" box="[136,419,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Stemphylium persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Ahmadpour, Y. Ghosta, Z. Alavi &amp; F. Alavi,
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC5FFF20F9DAFEB5" bold="true" box="[956,1155,244,270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC5FFF20F94BFEB5" bold="true" box="[956,1042,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A98524532041FFC5FFF20F94BFEB5" box="[956,1042,244,270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="1306E5BE4532041FFBF9FF20F931FEB5" box="[1050,1128,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,190,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[179,1407,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sexual morph of Stemphylium persianum (IRAN 4984C). ae. Ascomata on PCA medium containing culms of host plant; f. Vertical section through an ascoma; gh. Peridium; im.Asci; n. Ascospores. Scale bars: de = 100 μm, fn = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216223/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1306E5BE4532041FFB96FF20F9DAFEB5" box="[1141,1155,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[179,1407,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Asexual morph of Stemphylium persianum (IRAN 4984C). ab. Symptoms on Schoenoplectus sp.; ce. Colonies (front and reverse) on PDA (c), PCA (d) and V8A (e) culture media after seven days; f. Sporulation pattern on PCA medium; gj. Conidiophores and conidia; k. Conidia. Scale bars: fk = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216225/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">3</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327AAB04532041FFF6BFECCFCB6FE88" box="[136,495,280,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF6BFECCFCB6FE88" blockId="6.[136,495,280,307]" box="[136,495,280,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">MycoBank number: MB851921</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E2B2E0D04532041FFF6BFEB4FC28F8D8" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C327AAB04532041FFF6BFEB4F936FEC1" box="[136,1135,352,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF6BFEB4F936FEC1" blockId="6.[136,1135,352,379]" box="[136,1135,352,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0CA4E574532041FFF6BFEB4F936FEC1" box="[136,1135,352,379]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BFEB4FC55FEC1" bold="true" box="[136,268,352,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BFEB4FC5AFEC0" bold="true" box="[136,259,352,379]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Etymology</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
The name refers to the old name of
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB4532041FFD41FEB5FF8BFEC0" box="[674,722,353,379]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB4532041FFD3DFEB4FE7CFEC1" box="[734,805,352,378]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Persia</collectingCountry>
, from which it was collected.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327AAB04532041FFF5EFE50FCA8FE24" box="[189,497,388,415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF5EFE50FCA8FE24" blockId="6.[136,1452,388,1891]" box="[189,497,388,415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF5EFE50FC16FE25" bold="true" box="[189,335,388,414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="548647994532041FFF5EFE50FC74FE25" box="[189,301,388,414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:—
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB4532041FFEB3FE50FCCDFE25" box="[336,404,388,414]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN</collectingCountry>
18500
<collectionCode id="ED2C61FE4532041FFE02FE50FCA8FE24" box="[481,497,388,415]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327AAB04532041FFF5EFE7CF83DFAFD" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF5EFE7CFFA6FBD5" blockId="6.[136,1452,388,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF5EFE7CFC08FE79" bold="true" box="[189,337,424,450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Description:</emphasis>
—Associated with culms of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFD6EFE7CFE3BFE78" box="[653,866,424,451]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFD6EFE7CFE62FE79" box="[653,827,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Schoenoplectus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
showing necrotic lesions.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB6BFE7CF876FE79" bold="true" box="[1160,1327,424,450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Sexual morph</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFADEFE7CF8F2FE79" box="[1341,1451,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Ascomata</emphasis>
200360 × 150300 μm (
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFE56FE19FC98FE5D" box="[437,449,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53"></emphasis>
= 290 × 230 μm, n = 20), solitary, scattered, semi-immersed to immersed, becoming erumpent at maturity, globose to subglobose or oval, dark brown to black, ostiolate.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB9FFE24F981FDB1" box="[1148,1240,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Ostioles</emphasis>
central, papillate, opening by a pore, filled with hyaline cells.
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFD96FDC0FF84FD95" box="[629,733,532,558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Peraceae" genus="Peridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFD96FDC0FF84FD95" box="[629,733,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Peridium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2545 μm wide, composed of two layers, outer layer of heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFE0EFDEDFFF4FDE9" box="[493,685,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">textura angularis</emphasis>
, inner layer composed of light brown to hyaline thick-walled cells of
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BFD89FC10FDCD" box="[136,329,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">textura angularis</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFEB4FD88FCADFDCD" box="[343,500,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Hamathecium</emphasis>
23 μm wide, cellular, septate, branched, dense pseudoparaphyses, and embedded in a gelatinous matrix.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFE8AFD54FCC0FD21" box="[361,409,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Asci</emphasis>
105167 × 2228 μm (
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFD78FD55FFF1FD21" box="[667,680,641,666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53"></emphasis>
= 140 × 25 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-subclavate, straight or curved, with short pedicel and a minute ocular chamber.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB22FD70F819FD05" box="[1217,1344,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Ascospores</emphasis>
2438 × 1318 μm (
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFEEFFD1DFC41FD59" box="[268,280,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53"></emphasis>
= 31 × 15 μm, n = 50), uni- to bi-seriate, partially overlapping, mostly ellipsoidal, tapering towards the rounded ends, muriform, with 36 transverse septa, 35 longitudinal septa, and 01 oblique septa, constricted at the septa, strongly constricted at the median septum, golden brown or brown, with mucilaginous sheath.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB0EFCC4F8FDFC91" bold="true" box="[1261,1444,784,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Asexual morph</emphasis>
: Sporulation abundant on PCA, from the erect conidiophores that arise directly from the surface or aerial hyphae.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BFC8CFD86FCC9" box="[136,223,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Hyphae</emphasis>
are pale brown, septate, effuse, branched, 25 μm wide.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC82FC8CF95FFCC9" box="[865,1030,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Conidiophores</emphasis>
4570 × 46 μm (
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB3AFC8DF9BCFCC9" box="[1241,1253,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53"></emphasis>
= 55 × 5 μm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, simple, solitary, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, erect, septate, smooth-walled, brown, bearing 12 thickened, darkened, percurrent rejuvenation sites.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC4EFC74F9CBFC01" box="[941,1170,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Conidiogenous cells</emphasis>
610 × 57 μm (
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFAB9FC75F83FFC01" box="[1370,1382,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53"></emphasis>
= 8 × 6 μm, n = 20), monotretic, integrated or terminal, swollen at apex, pale-brown.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFBE6FC10F906FC65" box="[1029,1119,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Conidia</emphasis>
(35)3855(60) × (10)13 20(22) μm (
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFEFEFC3DFC70FBB9" box="[285,297,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53"></emphasis>
= 47 × 17 μm, n = 50), solitary, acrogenous, straight or slightly curved, dark reddish brown, verrucose, oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid with pointed apex, occasionally rounded or subtruncate at the apex, rounded or subtruncate at the base, muriform, with 26 transverse septa, 26 longitudinal septa, and 12 oblique septa, constricted at multiple darkened transverse septa, without mucilaginous sheath.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF5EFBACF83DFAFD" blockId="6.[136,1452,388,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF5EFBACFC84FB29" bold="true" box="[189,477,1144,1170]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Culture characteristics:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFDE0FBACFF3EFB29" box="[515,615,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Colonies</emphasis>
on PDA reaching
<quantity id="4CC554DE4532041FFCA6FBACFEC1FB28" box="[837,920,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
diam. after seven days at 25 °C, with sparse white to grey aerial mycelia, olivaceous grey at the center, white at the margin; reverse pale brown.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB00FB48F81EFB0D" box="[1251,1351,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Colonies</emphasis>
on V-8
<collectionCode id="ED2C61FE4532041FFA74FB48F8F2FB0D" box="[1431,1451,1180,1206]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
reaching
<quantity id="4CC554DE4532041FFF0CFB14FC67FB60" box="[239,318,1216,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
diam. after seven days at 25 °C, sparse white aerial mycelia, surface olivaceous grey to pale brown at the margin, white at the center; reverse white, pale brown at the center.
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC49FB30F957FB45" box="[938,1038,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Colonies</emphasis>
on PCA reaching
<quantity id="4CC554DE4532041FFB3FFB30F872FB44" box="[1244,1323,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
diam. after seven days at 25 °C, smooth margin, surface white to pale olivaceous, floccose aerial mycelia; reverse buff, with pale olivaceous near the center. Ascomata formed on PCA containing culms of host plant after 23 months at 25 ºC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327AAB04532041FFF5EFA84F86AFA6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF5EFA84F86AFA6C" blockId="6.[136,1452,388,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF5EFA84FC98FAD1" bold="true" box="[189,449,1360,1386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B55F3664532041FFE05FA84FC33FA09" collectingDate="2022-09-30" collectionCode="A, F, C" country="Iran" county="Gaz County" location="Cyperaceae" municipality="Schoenoplectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="IRAN 18500, IRAN 4984" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Golestan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB4532041FFE05FA84FF74FAD1" box="[486,557,1360,1386]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F937D94532041FFDD9FA84FE54FAD1" box="[570,781,1360,1386]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Golestan Province</collectingRegion>
, Bandar-e
<collectingCounty id="62E381B74532041FFC6AFA84F94AFAD1" box="[905,1043,1360,1386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Gaz County</collectingCounty>
, on culm lesions of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFB1EFA84FDF1FA34" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB1EFA84F8F2FAD1" box="[1277,1451,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE663414532041FFB1EFA84F8F2FAD1" box="[1277,1451,1360,1386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Schoenoplectus</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D3B32B24532041FFF6BFAA1FDF1FA34" box="[136,168,1397,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFF59FAA0FC18FA35" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[186,321,1396,1422]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<location id="8EE2AFE04532041FFF59FAA0FC18FA35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60:8EE2AFE04532041FFF59FAA0FC18FA35" box="[186,321,1396,1422]" country="Iran" county="Gaz County" municipality="Schoenoplectus" name="Cyperaceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Golestan Province">Cyperaceae</location>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFEB3FAA0FCC4FA35" box="[336,413,1396,1422]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">
<location id="8EE2AFE04532041FFEB3FAA0FCC4FA35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60:8EE2AFE04532041FFEB3FAA0FCC4FA35" box="[336,413,1396,1422]" country="Iran" county="Gaz County" municipality="Schoenoplectus" name="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Golestan Province">Poales</location>
</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="FF83DFFB4532041FFE57FAA0FFC1FA35" box="[436,664,1396,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2022-09-30">
<collectingDate id="EFC726134532041FFE57FAA0FFC1FA35" box="[436,664,1396,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2022-09-30">30 September 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2C61FE4532041FFD46FAA0FFE5FA35" box="[677,700,1396,1422]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<location id="8EE2AFE04532041FFD2AFAA0FE08FA35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394482D45320410FF6BFF20FE3BFB60:8EE2AFE04532041FFD2AFAA0FE08FA35" box="[713,849,1396,1422]" country="Iran" county="Gaz County" municipality="Schoenoplectus" name="Ahmadpour" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Golestan Province">Ahmadpour</location>
, isolate
<specimenCode id="DB9B51404532041FFC50FAA0F911FA34" box="[947,1096,1396,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN 18500</specimenCode>
<collectionCode id="ED2C61FE4532041FFBABFAA0F901FA34" box="[1096,1112,1396,1423]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
(
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB88FAA0F98BFA35" bold="true" box="[1131,1234,1396,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="548647994532041FFB88FAA0F98BFA35" box="[1131,1234,1396,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, dried culture;
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFA6BFAA0FDE2FA09" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">extype</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB9B51404532041FFF26FA4CFC09FA09" box="[197,336,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN 4984</specimenCode>
<collectionCode id="ED2C61FE4532041FFEACFA4CFC3BFA09" box="[335,354,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFE9BFA4CFCF2FA09" box="[376,427,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">ibid.</emphasis>
<date id="FF83DFFB4532041FFE57FA4CFFCCFA09" box="[436,661,1432,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2022-09-30">30 September 2022</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2C61FE4532041FFD42FA4CFFE1FA09" box="[673,696,1432,1458]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Ahmadpour, isolate FCCUU 1301. GenBank accession numbers: ITSrDNA: PP253963 and PP253964,
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFDA3FA68FFDFFA6D" box="[576,646,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">gapdh</emphasis>
: PP259104 and PP259105;
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC23FA68F959FA6D" box="[960,1024,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">cmdA</emphasis>
: PP259106 and PP259107.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327AAB045320410FF5EFA34FE3BFB60" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4532041FFF5EFA34FC28F8D8" blockId="6.[136,1452,388,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF5EFA34FC50FA41" bold="true" box="[189,265,1504,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Notes:</emphasis>
—Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses showed that our isolates belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFAF8FA34F8F5FA41" box="[1307,1452,1504,1530]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFAF8FA34F8F5FA41" box="[1307,1452,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Stemphylium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1306E5BE4532041FFF73F9D0FD80F9A5" box="[144,217,1540,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[199,1396,187,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[191,1396,187,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree inferred from maximum likelihood (ML) of combined dataset of ITSrDNA, gapdh and cmdA of Stemphylium species. The tree was rooted to Alternaria alternata (GV14-634a1) and newly identified strains are in red boldface. The maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support (MLBS/MPBS) values ≥60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BIPP) ≥0.90 are given at the nodes.The scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions. T, ET, HT and NT indicate ex-type, exepitype, holotype and ex-neotype strains, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216221/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Based on multi-gene phylogeny, our isolates formed a well-separated lineage (MLBS/MPBS/BIPP = 100/100/1) and has close affinities with
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFDADF9FCFFB3F9F9" box="[590,746,1576,1602]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="halophilum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFDADF9FCFFB3F9F9" box="[590,746,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. halophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFCC1F9FCFE36F9F9" box="[802,879,1576,1602]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lycii">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFCC1F9FCFE36F9F9" box="[802,879,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. lycii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1306E5BE4532041FFC9CF9FCFE98F9F9" box="[895,961,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[199,1396,187,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[191,1396,187,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree inferred from maximum likelihood (ML) of combined dataset of ITSrDNA, gapdh and cmdA of Stemphylium species. The tree was rooted to Alternaria alternata (GV14-634a1) and newly identified strains are in red boldface. The maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support (MLBS/MPBS) values ≥60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BIPP) ≥0.90 are given at the nodes.The scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions. T, ET, HT and NT indicate ex-type, exepitype, holotype and ex-neotype strains, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216221/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). However, our isolates (
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFB03F9FCF82AF9F9" authorityName="FCCUU" authorityYear="1301" box="[1248,1395,1576,1602]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB03F9FCF82AF9F9" box="[1248,1395,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFE67F998FF78F9DD" box="[388,545,1612,1638]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="halophilum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFE67F998FF78F9DD" box="[388,545,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. halophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by shorter conidiophores (up to 70 μm
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC3CF999FEA7F9DD" box="[991,1022,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">vs.</emphasis>
up to 100 μm), longer conidia (3560 μm
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF57F9A5FD8BF931" box="[180,210,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">vs.</emphasis>
2641 μm), more longitudinal septa in conidia (26
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFCC0F9A5FE1BF931" box="[803,834,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">vs.</emphasis>
13) and shorter ascospores (2438 μm
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFAE8F9A5F870F931" box="[1291,1321,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">vs.</emphasis>
3446 μm) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA4532041FFF6CF940FC68F915" author="Webster, J." box="[143,305,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refId="ref9742" refString="Webster, J. (1984) Perfect states as an aid to identification of conidial states. Taxonomy of Fungi Proceedings of the International Symposium on Taxonomy of Fungi, University of Madras, Part 2, 653 pp." type="book" year="1984">Webster 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFEA5F940FF0CF915" authorityName="FCCUU" authorityYear="1301" box="[326,597,1684,1710]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFEA5F940FF0CF915" box="[326,597,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Stemphylium persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFC22F940F956F915" box="[961,1039,1684,1710]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lycii">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC22F940F956F915" box="[961,1039,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. lycii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on longer conidia (3560 μm
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BF96DFDFEF969" box="[136,167,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">vs.</emphasis>
2331 μm) and more transverse septa in conidia (26
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFCF2F96DFE76F969" box="[785,815,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">vs.</emphasis>
13) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA4532041FFC99F96CF97DF969" author="Pei, Y. F. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Geng, Y. &amp; O'Neill, N. R. &amp; Zhang, X. G." box="[890,1060,1720,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" pagination="163 - 173" refId="ref8594" refString="Pei, Y. F., Wang, Y., Geng, Y., O'Neill, N. R. &amp; Zhang, X. G. (2011) Three novel species of Stemphylium from Sinkiang, China: their morphological and molecular characterization. Mycological Progress 10: 163 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 010 - 0686 - 1" type="journal article" year="2011">
Pei
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC44F96DFE80F969" box="[935,985,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Also, a comparison of nucleotide differences in ITSrDNA,
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFE5FF908FF5BF94D" box="[444,514,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">gapdh</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFDDEF908FF24F94D" box="[573,637,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">cmdA</emphasis>
indicates that
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFCC4F908FEE5F94D" authorityName="FCCUU" authorityYear="1301" box="[807,956,1756,1782]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFCC4F908FEE5F94D" box="[807,956,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB4532041FFC2EF908F94AF94D" box="[973,1043,1756,1782]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN</collectingCountry>
4984C) differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFAEEF908F8F5F94D" box="[1293,1452,1756,1782]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="halophilum">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFAEEF908F8F5F94D" box="[1293,1452,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. halophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CBS 337.73) by 4/491 bp (0.81%) in ITSrDNA, 6/540 bp (1.11%) in
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFC7FF8D4FEBBF8A1" box="[924,994,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">gapdh</emphasis>
and 7/609 bp (1.14%) in
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB19F8D4F863F8A1" box="[1274,1338,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">cmdA</emphasis>
, and from
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84532041FFF6BF8F0FD8DF885" box="[136,212,1828,1854]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lycii">
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFF6BF8F0FD8DF885" box="[136,212,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">S. lycii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CBS 125241) by 5/489 bp (1.02%, with one gap (0 %)) in ITSrDNA, 3/540 bp (0.55%) in
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFB0CF8F0F86CF885" box="[1263,1333,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">gapdh</emphasis>
and 3/609 bp (0.49%) in
<emphasis id="B94925294532041FFEC9F89CFC33F8D9" box="[298,362,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">cmdA</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF42A9B34533041EFF6BF875F9ABF861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216223/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" startId="7.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1407,190,1916]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B4533041EFF6BF875F9ABF861" blockId="7.[136,1452,1953,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B94925294533041EFF6BF875FDA7F80D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Sexual morph of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84533041EFE49F875FFC8F80D" authorityName="FCCUU" authorityYear="1301" box="[426,657,1953,1974]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum">
<emphasis id="B94925294533041EFE49F875FFC8F80D" box="[426,657,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Stemphylium persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRAN 4984C). ae. Ascomata on PCA medium containing culms of host plant; f. Vertical section through an ascoma; gh.
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B84533041EFDF6F811FF29F860" box="[533,624,1989,2011]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Peraceae" genus="Peridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Peridium</taxonomicName>
; im. Asci; n. Ascospores. Scale bars: de = 100 μm, fn = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF42A9B3453C0411FF6BF875FF38F845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" startId="8.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1407,190,1928]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B453C0411FF6BF875FF38F845" blockId="8.[136,1452,1953,2047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9492529453C0411FF6BF875FDA7F80D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Asexual morph of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453C0411FE5BF875FFF9F80D" authorityName="FCCUU" authorityYear="1301" box="[440,672,1953,1974]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum">
<emphasis id="B9492529453C0411FE5BF875FFF9F80D" box="[440,672,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Stemphylium persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRAN 4984C). ab. Symptoms on
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453C0411FC1DF875F9E1F80D" box="[1022,1208,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9492529453C0411FC1DF875F9CAF80D" box="[1022,1171,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Schoenoplectus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; ce. Colonies (front and reverse) on PDA (c), PCA (d) and V8A (e) culture media after seven days; f. Sporulation pattern on PCA medium; gj. Conidiophores and conidia; k. Conidia. Scale bars: fk = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSection id="E2B2E0D0453D0410FF6BFF78FE3BFB60" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B82F93B453D0410FF6BFF78FC55FF7D" blockId="9.[136,268,172,198]" box="[136,268,172,198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0CA4E57453D0410FF6BFF78FC55FF7D" bold="true" box="[136,268,172,198]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF6BFF78FC55FF7D" bold="true" box="[136,268,172,198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82F93B453D0410FF6BFF20F96FFD59" blockId="9.[136,1452,244,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF6BFF20FC37FEB5" box="[136,366,244,270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF6BFF20FC40FEB5" box="[136,281,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
identification has mostly relied on the variations of morphological characteristics of conidiophores, conidia, and ascospores, and to some extent on host affinity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FCA5FECCFEAFFE89" author="Simmons, E. G." box="[838,1014,280,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref9185" refString="Simmons, E. G. (1969) Perfect states of Stemphylium. Mycologia 61: 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1969.12018697" type="journal article" year="1969">Simmons 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FBE0FECCF967FE89" author="Simmons, E. G." box="[1027,1086,280,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="305 - 307" refId="ref9216" refString="Simmons, E. G. (1989) Perfect states of Stemphylium III. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 49: 305 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FBA8FECCF9DFFE89" author="Simmons, E. G." box="[1099,1158,280,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="199 - 208" refId="ref9244" refString="Simmons, E. G. (2001) Perfect states of Stemphylium - IV. Harvard Papers in Botany 1: 199 - 208." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB70FECCF997FE89" author="Simmons, E. G." box="[1171,1230,280,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref9270" refString="Simmons, E. G. (2004) Novel dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Studies in Mycology 50: 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
,
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Woudenberg
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FF32FEE8FCB1FEED" author="Brahmanage, R. S. &amp; Wanasinghe, D. N. &amp; Dayarathne, M. C. &amp; Jeewon, R. &amp; Brahmanage, R. S. &amp; Wanasinghe, D. N. &amp; Dayarathne, M. C. &amp; Jeewon, R. &amp; Yan, J. &amp; Bulgakov, T. S. &amp; Camporesi, E. &amp; Kakumyan, P. &amp; Hyde, K. D. &amp; Li, X." box="[209,488,316,343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref6864" refString="Brahmanage, R. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Dayarathne, M. C., Jeewon, R., Brahmanage, R. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Dayarathne, M. C., Jeewon, R., Yan, J., Bulgakov, T. S., Camporesi, E., Kakumyan, P., Hyde, K. D. &amp; Li, X. (2019) Morphology and phylogeny reveal Stemphylium dianthi sp. nov. and new host records for the sexual morphs of S. beticola, S. gracilariae, S. simmonsii and S. vesicarium from Italy and Russia. Phytotaxa 411: 243 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 411.4.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Brahmanage
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FE16FEE8FE51FEED" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Garcia, D. &amp; Gene, J. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Cai, L. &amp; Chen, Q. &amp; Quaedvlieg, W. &amp; Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J." box="[501,776,316,343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8093" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2019.05.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FD65FEE9FFE3FEED" box="[646,698,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
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). However, more than one
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FBA0FEE8F877FEED" box="[1091,1326,316,342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FBA0FEE8F98DFEED" box="[1091,1236,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from a single plant,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FE03FEB4FF2FFEC1" box="[480,630,352,378]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FE03FEB4FF2FFEC1" box="[480,630,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. botryosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FD6BFEB4FE71FEC1" box="[648,808,352,378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Symphytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncatulae">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FD6BFEB4FE71FEC1" box="[648,808,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. truncatulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FC8DFEB4F951FEC1" box="[878,1032,352,378]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vesicarium">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC8DFEB4F951FEC1" box="[878,1032,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. vesicarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on alfalfa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB70FEB4F8FEFEC0" author="Chaisrisook, C. &amp; Stuteville, D. L. &amp; Skinner, D. Z." box="[1171,1447,352,379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="369 - 392" refId="ref7068" refString="Chaisrisook, C., Stuteville, D. L. &amp; Skinner, D. Z. (1995) Five Stemphylium spp. pathogenic to alfalfa: occurrence in the United States and time requirements for ascospore production. Plant Disease 79: 369 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PD- 79 - 0369" type="journal article" year="1995">
Chaisrisook
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FAC5FEB5F802FEC1" box="[1318,1371,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FF6BFE50FCCFFE25" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[136,406,388,415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FEFEFE51FC17FE25" box="[285,334,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FE42FE50FFF0FE25" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Garcia, D. &amp; Gene, J. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Cai, L. &amp; Chen, Q. &amp; Quaedvlieg, W. &amp; Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J." box="[417,681,388,415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8093" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2019.05.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FDCCFE51FF39FE25" box="[559,608,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FD5FFE50FE17FE25" box="[700,846,388,414]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FD5FFE50FE17FE25" box="[700,846,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. botryosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FCBFFE50FEAFFE25" box="[860,1014,388,414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilariae">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FCBFFE50FEAFFE25" box="[860,1014,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. gracilariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FBE0FE50F9C3FE25" box="[1027,1178,388,414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersici">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FBE0FE50F9C3FE25" box="[1027,1178,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. lycopersici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FB4BFE50F813FE25" box="[1192,1354,388,414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eturmiunum">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FB4BFE50F813FE25" box="[1192,1354,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. eturmiunum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FABBFE50F8FDFE25" box="[1368,1444,388,414]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lycii">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FABBFE50F8FDFE25" box="[1368,1444,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. lycii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF6BFE7CFC4FFE79" box="[136,278,424,450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simmonsii">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF6BFE7CFC4FFE79" box="[136,278,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. simmonsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FEC0FE7CFCDAFE79" box="[291,387,424,450]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="solani">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FEC0FE7CFCDAFE79" box="[291,387,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. solani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FE23FE7CFF0EFE79" box="[448,599,424,450]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vesicarium">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FE23FE7CFF0EFE79" box="[448,599,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. vesicarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on tomato (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FD3FFE7CFEB5FE79" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[732,1004,424,451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC90FE7DFEFDFE79" box="[883,932,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FC14FE7CF9A6FE79" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Garcia, D. &amp; Gene, J. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Cai, L. &amp; Chen, Q. &amp; Quaedvlieg, W. &amp; Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J." box="[1015,1279,424,451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8093" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2019.05.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FB66FE7DF9EFFE79" box="[1157,1206,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FAEAFE7CFD9DFE5D" author="Bessadat, N. &amp; Hamon, B. &amp; Bataille-Simoneau, N. &amp; Colou, J. &amp; Mabrouk, K. &amp; Simoneau, P." pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 53" refId="ref6676" refString="Bessadat, N., Hamon, B., Bataille-Simoneau, N., Colou, J., Mabrouk, K. &amp; Simoneau, P. (2022) Characterization of Stemphylium spp. associated with tomato foliar diseases in Algeria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 61: 39 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.36253 / phyto- 13033" type="journal article" year="2022">
Bessadat
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FA97FE7DF8FCFE79" box="[1396,1445,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF35FE18FC21FE5D" box="[214,376,460,486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eturmiunum">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF35FE18FC21FE5D" box="[214,376,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. eturmiunum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FE66FE18FF42FE5D" box="[389,539,460,486]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vesicarium">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FE66FE18FF42FE5D" box="[389,539,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. vesicarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FDB6FE18FE56FE5D" box="[597,783,460,486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Symphytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="waikerieanum">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FDB6FE18FE56FE5D" box="[597,783,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. waikerieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on onion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FC60FE18F9C9FE5D" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[899,1168,460,487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FBFBFE19F911FE5D" box="[1048,1096,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB79FE18F8C6FE5D" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Garcia, D. &amp; Gene, J. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Cai, L. &amp; Chen, Q. &amp; Quaedvlieg, W. &amp; Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J." box="[1178,1439,460,487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8093" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2019.05.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FAC4FE19F80EFE5D" box="[1319,1367,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF58FE24FC0CFDB1" box="[187,341,496,522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersici">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF58FE24FC0CFDB1" box="[187,341,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. lycopersici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FE7BFE24FF6BFDB1" box="[408,562,496,522]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vesicarium">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FE7BFE24FF6BFDB1" box="[408,562,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. vesicarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on asparagus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FD01FE24FEA5FDB1" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[738,1020,496,523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC9FFE25FEE9FDB1" box="[892,944,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FBE9FE24F843FDB1" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Garcia, D. &amp; Gene, J. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Cai, L. &amp; Chen, Q. &amp; Quaedvlieg, W. &amp; Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J." box="[1034,1306,496,523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8093" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2019.05.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FB78FE25F996FDB1" box="[1179,1231,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
) in different geographical locations. Their higher variability of morphological characteristics in different culture conditions and their overlapping among species has made it difficult to accurately identify species boundaries (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB44FDECF8FEFDE9" author="Leach, C. M. &amp; Aragaki, M." box="[1191,1447,568,594]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1071 - 1076" refId="ref7966" refString="Leach, C. M. &amp; Aragaki, M. (1970) Effects of temperature on conidium characteristics of Ulocladium chartarum and Stemphylium floridanum. Mycologia 62: 1071 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1970">Leach &amp; Aragaki 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FF6BFD88FC3FFDCD" author="Camara, M. P. S. &amp; O'Neill, N. R. &amp; van Berkum, P." box="[136,358,604,630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="660 - 672" refId="ref7010" refString="Camara, M. P. S., O'Neill, N. R. &amp; van Berkum, P. (2002) Phylogeny of Stemphylium spp. based on ITS and glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences. Mycologia 94: 660 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2003.11833194" type="journal article" year="2002">
Câmara
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF0BFD89FC7BFDCD" box="[232,290,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FE90FD89FF18FDCD" author="Hosen, M. I. &amp; Ahmed, A. U. &amp; Zaman, J. &amp; Ghosh, S. &amp; Hossain, K. M. K." box="[371,577,604,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="94 - 98" refId="ref7639" refString="Hosen, M. I., Ahmed, A. U., Zaman, J., Ghosh, S. &amp; Hossain, K. M. K. (2009) Cultural and physiological variation between isolates of Stemphylium botryosum the causal of Stemphylium blight disease of lentil (Lens culinaris). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5: 94 - 98." type="journal article" year="2009">
Hosen
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FE20FD89FCAFFDCD" box="[451,502,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FDAEFD88FE3BFDCD" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[589,866,604,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FD07FD89FE4EFDCD" box="[740,791,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FC8CFD88F9DAFDCD" author="Brahmanage, R. S. &amp; Wanasinghe, D. N. &amp; Dayarathne, M. C. &amp; Jeewon, R. &amp; Brahmanage, R. S. &amp; Wanasinghe, D. N. &amp; Dayarathne, M. C. &amp; Jeewon, R. &amp; Yan, J. &amp; Bulgakov, T. S. &amp; Camporesi, E. &amp; Kakumyan, P. &amp; Hyde, K. D. &amp; Li, X." box="[879,1155,604,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref6864" refString="Brahmanage, R. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Dayarathne, M. C., Jeewon, R., Brahmanage, R. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Dayarathne, M. C., Jeewon, R., Yan, J., Bulgakov, T. S., Camporesi, E., Kakumyan, P., Hyde, K. D. &amp; Li, X. (2019) Morphology and phylogeny reveal Stemphylium dianthi sp. nov. and new host records for the sexual morphs of S. beticola, S. gracilariae, S. simmonsii and S. vesicarium from Italy and Russia. Phytotaxa 411: 243 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 411.4.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Brahmanage
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FBE6FD89F961FDCD" box="[1029,1080,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB73FD88F8F9FDCD" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I. &amp; Garcia, D. &amp; Gene, J. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Cai, L. &amp; Chen, Q. &amp; Quaedvlieg, W. &amp; Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J." box="[1168,1440,604,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8093" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Iturrieta-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, D., Gene, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Quaedvlieg, W., Schumacher, R. K. &amp; Taylor, P. W. J. (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Studies in Mycology 94: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2019.05.001" type="journal article" year="2019">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FAC3FD89F80AFDCD" box="[1312,1363,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Molecular tools have been widely used for accurate differentiation among
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FC34FD54F990FD21" box="[983,1225,640,666]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC34FD54F931FD21" box="[983,1128,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
In a recent revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF44FD70FCCAFD05" box="[167,403,676,702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF44FD70FC61FD05" box="[167,312,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, the combination of sequences obtained from ITSrDNA,
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FBC6FD70F93CFD05" box="[1061,1125,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">cmdA</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FB47FD70F9B3FD05" box="[1188,1258,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">gapdh</emphasis>
genomic regions provided the highest resolution for phylogenetic analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FCF4FD1CF973FD59" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[791,1066,712,739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC4DFD1DFE86FD59" box="[942,991,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82F93B453D0410FF5EFD39FC92FBF1" blockId="9.[136,1452,244,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
In the continuation of our studies, aiming to the isolation and identification of fungal species associated with the plants in the families of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FE20FCC4FF1FFC91" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[451,582,784,810]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FD9FFCC5FFB4FC90" box="[636,749,785,811]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juncaceae</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB453D0410FCF1FCC5FE66FC90" box="[786,831,785,811]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FCADFCC4F900FC91" author="Ahmadpour, A. &amp; Ghosta, Y. &amp; Poursafar, A." box="[846,1113,784,811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="1073 - 1088" refId="ref6407" refString="Ahmadpour, A., Ghosta, Y. &amp; Poursafar, A. (2021) Novel species of Alternaria section Nimbya from Iran as revealed by morphological and molecular data. Mycologia 113: 1073 - 1088. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2021.1923299" type="journal article" year="2021">
Ahmadpour
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC3EFCC5F956FC91" box="[989,1039,784,810]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
), several isolates belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF6BFCE0FC40FCF5" box="[136,281,820,846]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF6BFCE0FC40FCF5" box="[136,281,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were isolated. Based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, the two isolates represented a new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FEACFC8CFCB9FCC9" box="[335,480,856,882]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FEACFC8CFCB9FCC9" box="[335,480,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described herein as
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FD31FC8CFE3FFCC9" authorityName="FCCUU" authorityYear="1301" box="[722,870,856,882]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="persianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FD31FC8CFE3FFCC9" box="[722,870,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. persianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A9852453D0410FC8CFC8DFE9EFCC8" box="[879,967,857,883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC8CFC8DFE99FCC9" box="[879,960,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The isolates were obtained from culms of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FF6BFCA8FC39FC2C" box="[136,352,892,919]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF6BFCA8FC6FFC2D" box="[136,310,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Schoenoplectus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FDCEFCA8FFE9FC2D" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[557,688,892,918]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
family. Currently, 11 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FBFCFCA8F9E9FC2D" box="[1055,1200,892,918]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Stemphylium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FBFCFCA8F9E9FC2D" box="[1055,1200,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported in
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB453D0410FF6BFC75FDE0FC00" box="[136,185,929,955]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
. However, none of these species have been found on plants in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FC47FC74F97EFC01" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[932,1063,928,954]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
family (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB64FC74F840FC01" author="Ershad, D." box="[1159,1305,928,954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refId="ref7471" refString="Ershad, D. (2009) Fungi of Iran. 3 nd ed. Agricultural Research. Education &amp; Extension Organization, Publication. No. 10, Tehran, 531 pp." type="book" year="2009">Ershad 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FAC7FC74FDBFFC65" author="Poursafar, A. &amp; Ghosta, Y. &amp; Javan-Nikkhah, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="99 - 109" refId="ref8778" refString="Poursafar, A., Ghosta, Y. &amp; Javan-Nikkhah, M. (2016) A taxonomic study on Stemphylium species associated with black (sooty) head mold of wheat and barley in Iran. Mycologia Iranica 3: 99 - 109." type="journal article" year="2016">
Poursafar
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FA74FC75FDC7FC65" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FF13FC10FC72FC65" author="Poursafar, A. &amp; Ghosta, Y. &amp; Javan-Nikkhah, M." box="[240,299,964,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="93 - 101" refId="ref8836" refString="Poursafar, A., Ghosta, Y. &amp; Javan-Nikkhah, M. (2018) An emended description of Stemphylium amaranthi with its first record for Iran mycobiota. Phytotaxa 371: 93 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 371.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FED6FC10FFC1FC65" author="Karimzadeh, S. &amp; Fotouhifar, K. B." box="[309,664,964,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="319 - 340" refId="ref7799" refString="Karimzadeh, S. &amp; Fotouhifar, K. B. (2021) Report of some fungi of Pleosporaceae family associated with leaf spot symptoms of plants in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 10: 319 - 340. https: // doi. org / 20.1001.1.22519041.2021.10.2.2.8" type="journal article" year="2021">Karimzadeh &amp; Fotouhifar 2021</bibRefCitation>
). It is important to note that most of the identified
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FB27FC10F8F2FC65" box="[1220,1451,964,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FB27FC10F80CFC65" box="[1220,1365,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have only been identified based on their morphological characteristics (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FC56FC3CF913FBB9" author="Ershad, D." box="[949,1098,1000,1026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refId="ref7471" refString="Ershad, D. (2009) Fungi of Iran. 3 nd ed. Agricultural Research. Education &amp; Extension Organization, Publication. No. 10, Tehran, 531 pp." type="book" year="2009">Ershad 2009</bibRefCitation>
). To date,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FB22FC3CF83CFBB9" box="[1217,1381,1000,1026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paludiscirpi">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FB22FC3CF83CFBB9" box="[1217,1381,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. paludiscirpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species reported from the plants in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FD23FBD8FE1AFB9D" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[704,835,1036,1062]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FCB1FBD8FE94FB9D" box="[850,973,1036,1062]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Scirpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FCB1FBD8FEFFFB9D" box="[850,934,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Scirpus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) in the
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB453D0410FBC1FBD8F901FB9D" box="[1058,1112,1036,1062]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FB85FBD8F84AFB9D" author="Simmons, E. G." box="[1126,1299,1036,1062]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="199 - 208" refId="ref9244" refString="Simmons, E. G. (2001) Perfect states of Stemphylium - IV. Harvard Papers in Botany 1: 199 - 208." type="journal article" year="2001">Simmons 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FAFEFBD8FC5BFBF1" author="Woudenberg, J. H. C. &amp; Hanse, B. &amp; Van Leeuwen, G. C. M. &amp; Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W." pageId="9" pageNumber="56" pagination="77 - 103" refId="ref9903" refString="Woudenberg, J. H. C., Hanse, B., Van Leeuwen, G. C. M., Groenewald, J. Z. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2017) Stemphylium revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 77 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.06.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
Woudenberg
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FF6BFBE5FDE0FBF1" box="[136,185,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC84CA453D0410FEEEFBE5FCE6FBF1" author="Farr, D. F. &amp; Rossman, A. Y. &amp; Castlebury, L. A." box="[269,447,1072,1099]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refId="ref7505" refString="Farr, D. F., Rossman, A. Y. &amp; Castlebury, L. A. (2024) United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Available from: https: // nt. ars-grin. gov / fungaldatabases / (accessed 20 February 2024). [https: // fungi. ars. usda. gov /]" type="url" year="2024">
Farr
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FEA0FBE5FC2DFBF1" box="[323,372,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2024
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82F93B453D0410FF5EFB80FE3BFB60" blockId="9.[136,1452,244,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
Considering the rich diversity of plant species in the family of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FC98FB80FEA7FBD5" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[891,1022,1108,1134]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
in the mainland of
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB453D0410FB34FB81F85DFBD4" box="[1239,1284,1109,1135]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
and the higher biodiversity of microfungi associated with these plants, more
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FCABFBACF96AFB29" box="[840,1075,1144,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FCABFBACFE80FB29" box="[840,985,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are expected to be discovered in
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB453D0410FF6BFB49FDE0FB0C" box="[136,185,1181,1207]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
. More studies are needed to elucidate the diversity of neglected
<taxonomicName id="4C3D82B8453D0410FC65FB48F936FB0D" box="[902,1135,1180,1206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9492529453D0410FC65FB48F94EFB0D" box="[902,1047,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Stemphylium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
associated with these plants in
<collectingCountry id="F32AB9AB453D0410FF46FB15FD8BFB60" box="[165,210,1217,1243]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
and aboard, and assess their pathogenicity and host range.
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>