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<document id="27FD187B8BB4524530C6E6E95520B856" ID-CLB-Dataset="32382" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4306.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="289ca390-345b-40e4-b93e-164962bb277d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="844510" ID-ZooBank="7EC62658-949D-44C0-9979-C9D9C92CFC04" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502961586907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sun, Yan &amp; Huang, Yong" docDate="2017" docId="03908791D13CFF8A1ACA0E0550101D10" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4306.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4306 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Elzalia bifurcata Sun &amp; Huang 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="405" masterDocId="FFA9FFE9D13DFF8E1A5D0B59556A1E05" masterDocTitle="One new species and one new combination of the family Xyalidae (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from the East China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="410" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="402" updateTime="1698466769942" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2E1A249A77D4072DDEE3E0160476F022">One new species and one new combination of the family Xyalidae (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from the East China Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="452216E2D1C0BDD357E2A56FF54DFD96">Sun, Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3ADB01E851BC40D683C46373AFCEAF9">Huang, Yong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D72781DCC47905F2F2EFD9FBF1929974">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3E8DD8B7C5993CB714796995DCF92C09">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03908791D13CFF8A1ACA0E0550101D10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6024894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132785315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6024894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03908791D13CFF8A1ACA0E0550101D10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03908791D13CFF8A1ACA0E0550101D10" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<subSubSection id="C323650CD13CFF8F1ACA0E05546D1B9D" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8F1ACA0E0554AC1B72" blockId="1.[151,454,1372,1433]" box="[151,454,1372,1399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<heading id="D0CE81EBD13CFF8F1ACA0E0554AC1B72" bold="true" box="[151,454,1372,1399]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1ACA0E0554AC1B72" bold="true" box="[151,454,1372,1399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D13CFF8F1ACA0E05540B1B73" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,353,1372,1398]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1ACA0E05540B1B73" bold="true" box="[151,353,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Elzalia bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED13CFF8F1B350E0454AC1B72" box="[360,454,1373,1399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8F1ACA0ED9546D1B9D" blockId="1.[151,454,1372,1433]" box="[151,263,1408,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
(
<figureCitation id="13022A02D13CFF8F1AC20ED955941B9D" box="[159,254,1408,1433]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox-0="[204,1400,347,1893]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1353,193,1961]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,337,1918]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[235,1353,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Elzalia bifurcata sp. nov. (A) entIre vIeW of female, shoWIng vulva and ovary; (B) lateral vIeW of male anterIor end, shoWIng buCCal CavIty, CephalIC seta and pharynX; (C) lateral vIeW of female anterIor end, shoWIng buCCal CavIty and amphIdIal fovea; (D) lateral vIeW of male posterIor end, shoWIng spICules and gubernaCulum." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Elzalia bifurcata sp. nov. (A B) lateral vIeW of female anterIor end; (C) lateral vIeW of male posterIor end, shoWIng spICules; (D) lateral vIeW of male CloaCal regIon, shoWIng spICules and gubernaCulum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/844512/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/844514/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323650CD13CFF8F1ACA0E91545318BC" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8F1ACA0E9157C6182C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1480,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1ACA0E9154221BE4" bold="true" box="[151,328,1480,1505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Type material.</emphasis>
Three males and two females were collected from Stations DH4-8, DH4-4, DH4-6 and DH5-4. Holotype: ♂1 on slide DH
<date id="FF871047D13CFF8F1B8C0EB5572D1801" box="[465,583,1516,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" value="2012-04-04" valueMax="2012-08-03" valueMin="2012-04-04">12-4-8-4-3</date>
, paratypes: ♂2, ♂3, ♀1 and ♀2 on slides DH
<date id="FF871047D13CFF8F1E380EB551B11801" box="[1125,1243,1516,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" value="2012-04-04" valueMax="2012-08-03" valueMin="2012-04-04">12-4-8-4-3</date>
, DH
<date id="FF871047D13CFF8F1F480EB550FD1800" box="[1301,1431,1516,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" value="2012-04-02" valueMax="2012-06-05" valueMin="2012-04-02">12- 4-6-2-5</date>
, DH
<date id="FF871047D13CFF8F1A990D495449182C" box="[196,291,1552,1577]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" value="2012-04-04" valueMax="2012-06-04" valueMin="2012-04-04">12-4-4-6</date>
-2 and DH
<date id="FF871047D13CFF8F1BC30D495496182C" box="[414,508,1552,1577]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" value="2012-05-04" valueMax="2012-05-03" valueMin="2012-05-04">12-5-4-3</date>
-2, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8F1A9A0D6D545318BC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1480,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<materialsCitation id="3B513CDAD13CFF8F1A9A0D6D545318BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586201908" country="China" elevation="116" location="Sublittoral" longitude="123.21667" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1A9A0D6D54961848" bold="true" box="[199,508,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<typeStatus id="54828825D13CFF8F1A9A0D6D54681848" box="[199,258,1588,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Type</typeStatus>
locality and habitat.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EE6605CD13CFF8F18580D6D57111848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03908791D13CFF8A1ACA0E0550101D10:8EE6605CD13CFF8F18580D6D57111848" box="[517,635,1588,1613]" country="China" longitude="123.21667" name="Sublittoral" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Sublittoral</location>
in the East
<collectingCountry id="F32E7617D13CFF8F195B0D6D56231848" box="[774,841,1588,1613]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">China</collectingCountry>
Sea. Station DH4-8:
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5040D13CFF8F1E1D0D6D51BB1849" box="[1088,1233,1588,1613]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" precision="92" value="125.875">125° 52.5´E</geoCoordinate>
, 27° 58΄ N, water depth
<elevation id="0014D1B4D13CFF8F1A800D01544F1875" box="[221,293,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="116.0">
<quantity id="4CC19B62D13CFF8F1A800D01544F1875" box="[221,293,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="116.0">116 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, clay sediment; DH4-4:
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5040D13CFF8F18640D0157A21875" box="[569,712,1624,1648]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" precision="92" value="124.21167">124° 12.7´E</geoCoordinate>
, 28° 52.1΄ N, water depth
<elevation id="0014D1B4D13CFF8F19AC0D0151471875" box="[1009,1069,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="74.0">
<quantity id="4CC19B62D13CFF8F19AC0D0151471875" box="[1009,1069,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="74.0">74 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, clay and sandy sediment; DH4- 6:
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5040D13CFF8F1AE90D25545E1896" box="[180,308,1660,1684]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" precision="92" value="125.04">125° 2.4´E</geoCoordinate>
, 28° 25΄ N, water depth
<elevation id="0014D1B4D13CFF8F18190D2557E71896" box="[580,653,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="101.0">
<quantity id="4CC19B62D13CFF8F18190D2557E71896" box="[580,653,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="101.0">101 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, muddy sediment; DH5-4:
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5040D13CFF8F19E30D2551521896" box="[958,1080,1660,1684]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" precision="925" value="123.21667">123° 13´E</geoCoordinate>
, 27° 47.5΄ N, water depth
<elevation id="0014D1B4D13CFF8F1F010D2550FD1896" box="[1372,1431,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="86.0">
<quantity id="4CC19B62D13CFF8F1F010D2550FD1896" box="[1372,1431,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="86.0">86 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, clay sediment.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323650CD13CFF8F1A9A0D9D51D318D8" box="[199,1209,1732,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8F1A9A0D9D51D318D8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1480,2009]" box="[199,1209,1732,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1A9A0D9D542418D8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1732,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name refers to the structure of spicules with bifurcate distal ends.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323650CD13CFF8A1A9A0DB157021EFD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8F1A9A0DB154B71905" blockId="1.[151,1437,1480,2009]" box="[199,477,1768,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1A9A0DB154171904" bold="true" box="[199,381,1768,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Measurements.</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="C6BB033CD13CFF8F1BD90DB154BD1905" box="[388,471,1768,1793]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,836,859]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual measurements (in µm) of Elzalia bifurcata sp. nov." pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B863687D13CFF8C1A9A0C5550461F18" blockId="1.[151,1437,1480,2009]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13CFF8F1A9A0C5554DB1920" bold="true" box="[199,433,1804,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Description. Males.</emphasis>
Body small, slender, with tapering anterior and posterior ends. Cuticle with very fine striations. Both subcephalic and somatic setae absent. Inner labial sensilla not visible. Six outer labial sensilla and four cephalic sensilla setiform, arranged in one circle. Outer labial setae 7 µm long and cephalic setae 6 µm long. Buccal cavity cylindrical, slightly cuticularised, 1213 µm deep and 5 µm wide. Amphidial fovea circular, 8 µm wide, located at level of base of buccal cavity. Pharynx cylindrical, slightly swollen at base, not forming true posterior bulb. Cardia conical, projecting into the intestine. Nerve ring and secretory-excretory system not observed. Testes indistinct. Spicules paired, equal and elongated, strongly cephalated proximally and bifurcated (yshaped) distally, 4.85.3 cloacal body diameters long. Gubernaculum tubular, simple, without apophyses. Precloacal supplements absent. Tail 4.64.9 cloacal body diameters long, conico-cylindrical with a small terminal spinneret. Three contiguous caudal glands with common opening. Three terminal setae about 6 µm long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46660FD13FFF8C1ACA0CCD512019E2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" targetBox="[204,1400,347,1893]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B863687D13FFF8C1ACA0CCD512019E2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1940,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13FFF8C1ACA0CCD547E19AC" bold="true" box="[151,276,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D13FFF8C1B410CCD54AD19AF" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[284,455,1940,1962]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13FFF8C1B410CCD54AD19AF" box="[284,455,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Elzalia bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED13FFF8C1B930CCD574A19AC" box="[462,544,1940,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13FFF8C1B930CCD574A19AC" bold="true" box="[462,544,1940,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) entIre vIeW of female, shoWIng vulva and ovary; (B) lateral vIeW of male anterIor end, shoWIng buCCal CavIty, CephalIC seta and pharynX; (C) lateral vIeW of female anterIor end, shoWIng buCCal CavIty and amphIdIal fovea; (D) lateral vIeW of male posterIor end, shoWIng spICules and gubernaCulum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46660FD13EFF8D1ACA0C99513419F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844514/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" targetBox="[235,1353,193,1961]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B863687D13EFF8D1ACA0C99513419F0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1984,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13EFF8D1ACA0C99547C19D0" bold="true" box="[151,278,1984,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D13EFF8D1B7D0C9954A419D3" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[288,462,1984,2006]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13EFF8D1B7D0C9954A419D3" box="[288,462,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Elzalia bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED13EFF8D1B850C98574619D3" box="[472,556,1985,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D13EFF8D1B850C98574619D3" bold="true" box="[472,556,1985,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(AB) lateral vIeW of female anterIor end; (C) lateral vIeW of male posterIor end, shoWIng spICules; (D) lateral vIeW of male CloaCal regIon, shoWIng spICules and gubernaCulum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B863687D139FF8A1A9A0BCE57021EFD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1A9A0BCE545A1EB5" bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Females.</emphasis>
Similar to males in most aspects. Reproductive system monodelphic with a single anterior outstretched ovary, located to left of intestine, 140 µm long. Oviduct a short and wide tube. Uterus sac-like. Vagina conical. Vulva situated at about midbody.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323650CD139FF8A1A9A0A5D50101D10" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B863687D139FF8A1A9A0A5D50561C65" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1A9A0A5D57EC1F18" bold="true" box="[199,646,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Differential diagnosis and discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A18D00A5D56211F19" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[653,843,260,284]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A18D00A5D56211F19" box="[653,843,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Elzalia bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED139FF8A190E0A5D56C41F18" box="[851,942,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A190E0A5D56C41F18" bold="true" box="[851,942,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characteriZed by elongated spicules with bifurcate distal ends, simple tubular gubernaculum without apophyses; relatively short body length (&lt;680 µm); outer labial and cephalic sensilla 67 µm long.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A189C0A1556151F61" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[705,895,332,356]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A189C0A1556151F61" box="[705,895,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Elzalia bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED139FF8A19D70A15568C1F60" box="[906,998,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A19D70A15568C1F60" bold="true" box="[906,998,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1E2D0A1454461F8D" authority="Zhang and Zhang, 2006" authorityName="Zhang and Zhang" authorityYear="2006" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="striatitenuis">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1E2D0A1450721F61" box="[1136,1304,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. striatitenuis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1F7F0A1554461F8D" author="Zhang" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Zhang, Z. N. (2006) TWo neW speCIes of the genus Elzalia (Nematoda: MonhysterIda: XyalIdae) from the YelloW Sea, ChIna. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 1047 - 1056. https: // doI. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315406014020" type="journal article" year="2006">Zhang and Zhang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1B2C0A2857B41F8D" authority="Vitiello, 1970" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1970" box="[369,734,367,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1B2C0A2857441F8D" box="[369,558,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. mediterranea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A18610A3657B41F8D" author="Vitiello" box="[572,734,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="VItIello, P. (1970) Nematodes lIbres marIns des vases profondes du Golfed du LIon. III. MonhysterIda, AraeolaImIda, DesmodorIda. Tethys, 2, 656 - 658." type="journal article" year="1970">
Vitiello,
<quantity id="4CC19B62D139FF8A18FB0A2957B41F8D" box="[678,734,368,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0038" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="in" value="1970.0">1970</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in shor body length, spicule length and relatively simple gubernaculum. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1BE50ACC57511FA9" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[440,571,404,428]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1BE50ACC57511FA9" box="[440,571,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED139FF8A181E0ACD57F61FA8" box="[579,668,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A181E0ACD57F61FA8" bold="true" box="[579,668,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A19720ACC56BE1FA9" authorityName="Zhang and Zhang" authorityYear="2006" box="[815,980,405,428]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="striatitenuis">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A19720ACC56BE1FA9" box="[815,980,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. striatitenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having longer cephalic setae (6 µm
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1FD90ACC50F11FA9" box="[1412,1435,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs</emphasis>
2.5 µm), deeper buccal cavity (1213 µm
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A18280AE057E61FD5" box="[629,652,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs</emphasis>
910 µm), spicules with bifurcate distal ends (
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1EF90AE051D11FD5" box="[1188,1211,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs</emphasis>
tapered distally not bifurcate), tubular gubernaculum without apophyses (
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A18A10A8456791FF1" box="[764,787,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs</emphasis>
complex apophyses with four sections).
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1EB70A8450181FF1" authority="Sun &amp; Huang, 2017" authorityName="Sun &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2017" box="[1258,1394,476,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1EB70A8450181FF1" box="[1258,1394,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57EED139FF8A1F270A8555A21C1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1F270A8555A21C1D" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1BA5095857C41C1D" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1970" box="[504,686,512,536]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1BA5095857C41C1D" box="[504,686,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having spicules with bifurcate distal ends (
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1EEC095851A51C1D" box="[1201,1231,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs.</emphasis>
tapered distal end not bifurcated in
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1B36097C57421C39" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1970" box="[363,552,548,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1B36097C57421C39" box="[363,552,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); absence of cervical setae (
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A19D5097C56F51C39" box="[904,927,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs</emphasis>
eight files of cervical setae present in
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1FD9097C54441C65" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1970" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1FD9097C54441C65" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); gubernaculum without apophysis (
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A18970910578B1C65" box="[714,737,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">vs</emphasis>
with a pair of slender apophyses in
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1E28091050411C65" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1970" box="[1141,1323,584,608]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1E28091050411C65" box="[1141,1323,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B863687D139FF8A1A9A093550101D10" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1B1F093554FB1C81" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1957" box="[322,401,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1B1F093554FB1C81" box="[322,401,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Elzalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by Gerlach in 1957. Currently, nine valid species have been described from all around the world (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1BDB09C957CA1CAD" author="Hope" box="[390,672,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Hope, W. D. &amp; Aryuthaka, C. (2009) A partIal revIsIon of the marIne nematode genus Elzalia (MonhysterIda: XyalIdae) WIth neW CharaCters and desCrIptIons of tWo neW speCIes from Khung Kraben Bay, East ThaIland. Journal of Nematology, 41 (1), 64 - 83." type="journal article" year="2009">Hope &amp; Aryuthaka 2009</bibRefCitation>
). These are
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A197809C950771CAD" authority="Hope &amp; Aryuthaka 2009" authorityName="Hope &amp; Aryuthaka" authorityYear="2009" box="[805,1309,655,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bipectinella">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A197809C9516A1CAD" box="[805,1024,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Elzalia bipectinella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1E5809C950771CAD" author="Hope" box="[1029,1309,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Hope, W. D. &amp; Aryuthaka, C. (2009) A partIal revIsIon of the marIne nematode genus Elzalia (MonhysterIda: XyalIdae) WIth neW CharaCters and desCrIptIons of tWo neW speCIes from Khung Kraben Bay, East ThaIland. Journal of Nematology, 41 (1), 64 - 83." type="journal article" year="2009">Hope &amp; Aryuthaka 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1F7509C850F11CAD" box="[1320,1435,656,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="federici">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1F7509C850F11CAD" box="[1320,1435,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. federici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1ACA09ED57061CC9" author="Castillo-FernandeZ" box="[151,620,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="CastIllo-Fernandez, D. &amp; Lambshead, P. J. D. (1990) RevIsIon of the genus Elzalia GerlaCh, 1957 (Nematoda: XyalIdae) InCludIng three neW speCIes from an oIl produCIng zone In the Gulf of MeXICo, WIth a dIsCussIon of the sIblIng speCIes problem. BulletIn of the BrItIsh Museum (Natural HIstory). Zoology, 56, 63 - 71." type="journal article" year="1990">Castillo-FernandeZ and Lambshead 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A182409EC56ED1CC8" authority="Gerlach 1957" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1957" box="[633,903,692,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floresi">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A182409EC578B1CC9" box="[633,737,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. floresi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A18B709ED56ED1CC8" author="Gerlach" box="[746,903,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="GerlaCh, S. A. (1957) DIe Nematodenfauna des Sandstrandes an der Kuste von MIttelbrasIleIn (BrasIlIanIsChe Meeres- Nematoden IV). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 33, 454 - 455." type="journal article" year="1957">Gerlach 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A19C909EC50401CC8" authority="Zhang and Zhang 2006" authorityName="Zhang and Zhang" authorityYear="2006" box="[916,1322,692,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A19C909EC51791CC9" box="[916,1043,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. gerlachi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1E4109ED50401CC8" author="Zhang" box="[1052,1322,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Zhang, Z. N. (2006) TWo neW speCIes of the genus Elzalia (Nematoda: MonhysterIda: XyalIdae) from the YelloW Sea, ChIna. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 1047 - 1056. https: // doI. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315406014020" type="journal article" year="2006">Zhang and Zhang 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1F6509EC50F61CC9" box="[1336,1436,692,716]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kimae">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1F6509EC50F61CC9" box="[1336,1436,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. kimae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1ACA098E57EC1CF5" author="Castillo-FernandeZ" box="[151,646,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="CastIllo-Fernandez, D. &amp; Lambshead, P. J. D. (1990) RevIsIon of the genus Elzalia GerlaCh, 1957 (Nematoda: XyalIdae) InCludIng three neW speCIes from an oIl produCIng zone In the Gulf of MeXICo, WIth a dIsCussIon of the sIblIng speCIes problem. BulletIn of the BrItIsh Museum (Natural HIstory). Zoology, 56, 63 - 71." type="journal article" year="1990">Castillo-FernandeZ and Lambshead 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A18C1098051651CF5" authority="Vitiello 1970" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1970" box="[668,1039,727,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A18C1098056361CF5" box="[668,860,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. mediterranea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1933098E51651CF5" author="Vitiello" box="[878,1039,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="VItIello, P. (1970) Nematodes lIbres marIns des vases profondes du Golfed du LIon. III. MonhysterIda, AraeolaImIda, DesmodorIda. Tethys, 2, 656 - 658." type="journal article" year="1970">Vitiello 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1E78098051111CF5" authorityName="Castillo-Fernández &amp; Lambshead" authorityYear="1990" box="[1061,1147,728,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="poli">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1E78098051111CF5" box="[1061,1147,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. poli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A1ED0098E54301D11" author="Castillo-FernandeZ" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="CastIllo-Fernandez, D. &amp; Lambshead, P. J. D. (1990) RevIsIon of the genus Elzalia GerlaCh, 1957 (Nematoda: XyalIdae) InCludIng three neW speCIes from an oIl produCIng zone In the Gulf of MeXICo, WIth a dIsCussIon of the sIblIng speCIes problem. BulletIn of the BrItIsh Museum (Natural HIstory). Zoology, 56, 63 - 71." type="journal article" year="1990">Castillo-FernandeZ and Lambshead 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A1B3809A456721D10" authority="Zhang and Zhang 2006" authorityName="Zhang and Zhang" authorityYear="2006" box="[357,792,764,789]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="striatitenuis">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A1B3809A457601D11" box="[357,522,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. striatitenuis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A184C09A556721D10" author="Zhang" box="[529,792,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Zhang, Z. N. (2006) TWo neW speCIes of the genus Elzalia (Nematoda: MonhysterIda: XyalIdae) from the YelloW Sea, ChIna. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 1047 - 1056. https: // doI. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315406014020" type="journal article" year="2006">Zhang and Zhang 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D04D139FF8A197E09A451881D11" authority="Hope &amp; Aryuthaka 2009" authorityName="Hope &amp; Aryuthaka" authorityYear="2009" box="[803,1250,764,789]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Elzalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B94DEA95D139FF8A197E09A456A81D11" box="[803,962,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. tuberculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B76D139FF8A199409A451881D11" author="Hope" box="[969,1250,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refString="Hope, W. D. &amp; Aryuthaka, C. (2009) A partIal revIsIon of the marIne nematode genus Elzalia (MonhysterIda: XyalIdae) WIth neW CharaCters and desCrIptIons of tWo neW speCIes from Khung Kraben Bay, East ThaIland. Journal of Nematology, 41 (1), 64 - 83." type="journal article" year="2009">Hope &amp; Aryuthaka 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>