490 lines
68 KiB
XML
490 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="DED0A6E0124D24C255B6BF7FB8F86149" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3956.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c577259e-f026-44d1-a2b1-aadcdfde3ce9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="241110" ID-ZooBank="20A373F2-27BE-4599-A586-C78F7378ED9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461057470059" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Bastos, Nilma & Lanna, Emilio" docDate="2015" docId="03901754F50FFFBCFF6A883F7698F953" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03956p490.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3956 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vosmaeropsis recruta Cavalcanti, Bastos & Lanna, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="481" masterDocId="FFA96F2CF50DFFB9FFFD89517461FF94" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="490" masterPageNumber="476" pageNumber="478" updateTime="1698581376716" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="89C03AFC82D54E2AB89193BA289FE972">
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<mods:title id="870AA34A50784DA9F8674221284CF98C">Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="173794ED58826366C9A63CC25FA0A022" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="341A9803E31ACC83C6869BAB81D8C287">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8C48AB1282D7D646B2826D0DA6DE3341">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="007EDA6A4BEB37FCA53ED5DDB1468206">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F91F4E120FDF91A770131873B0ACEDFC">Bastos, Nilma</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F3ACF1A0AE7622EF585548DD05EA542A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0677DC4BDEEEEB45A8743773A155CEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F9F30F921A5C6FC08661E9B7028B7A34">Lanna, Emilio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4FD8497FD6F0A11D6C0105259BB828A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="390229F28E0F2418DC37DF11BA5F5E32">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AE95C2165DE61A582B76CBBCF1545EE0">
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<mods:date id="2DC55392DDC98F0E94633406C6F21BF5">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C358425727AA2739F36F5B4DA4B7BCA0">3956</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BD7AD2870A2FDDBB0CA38BFFDB5AE175">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EC952994CF8C96415F26E507A409A213">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="099D05FE95736C035C39FFF7FACB66E9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3956.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4561C4226EFC4AD08FC7022D11D3FD1" type="GBIF-Dataset">c577259e-f026-44d1-a2b1-aadcdfde3ce9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03901754F50FFFBCFF6A883F7698F953" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685379" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901754F50FFFBCFF6A883F7698F953" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03901754F50FFFBCFF6A883F7698F953" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<subSubSection id="C323F5C9F50FFFBBFF6A883F759EFE1C" box="[151,511,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF6A883F759EFE1C" blockId="2.[151,511,366,392]" box="[151,511,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<heading id="D0CE112EF50FFFBBFF6A883F759EFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,511,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF6A883F759EFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,511,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F50FFFBBFF6A883F75FBFE1C" ID-CoL="5BRGD" box="[151,410,366,392]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF6A883F75FBFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,410,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Vosmaeropsis recruta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF50FFFBBFE5C883F759EFE1C" box="[417,511,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C323F5C9F50FFFBBFF6A88E4702FFE66" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF6A88E4702FFE66" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF6A88E4757FFE5A" bold="true" box="[151,286,437,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From Portuguese
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F50FFFBBFE0088E7762FFE59" box="[509,590,438,461]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFE0088E7762FFE59" box="[509,590,438,461]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">recruta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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= recruit (noun). The name was selected because the specimens were sampled on artificial substrates used to the recruitment of marine invertebrate larvae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C323F5C9F50FFFBBFF3A88AC71E2FD16" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A88AC71E2FD16" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF3A88AC7520FD82" bold="true" box="[199,321,509,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F50FFFBBFEB588AF7580FD81" box="[328,481,510,533]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFEB588AF7580FD81" box="[328,481,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Vosmaeropsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with leuconoid
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFD6B88AF76A7FD82" box="[662,710,510,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">type</typeStatus>
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of aquiferous system. The shape is tubular, and the sponge body is very hispid due to several large diactines protruding through the cortex. In these diactines the distal tip is commonly arrow-shaped. The choanoskeleton is formed by two categories of triactines, one of them is subatrial. Atrial skeleton is composed mainly of triactines and few tetractines, occasionally with tangential large diactines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C323F5C9F50FFFBBFF3A8BDC7515FCA2" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8BDC7144FD5E" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF3A8BDC7516FD32" bold="true" box="[199,375,653,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFF3A8BDC7563FD32" box="[199,258,653,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED283E87F50FFFBBFE7C8BDF75ADFD32" box="[385,460,654,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">UFBA</collectionCode>
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4456-POR (
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFDA28BDC76ACFD32" box="[607,717,653,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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),
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<collectionCode id="ED283E87F50FFFBBFD1E8BDF774FFD32" box="[739,814,654,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">UFBA</collectionCode>
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4457-POR, and
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<collectionCode id="ED283E87F50FFFBBFC0E8BDF705FFD32" box="[1011,1086,654,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">UFBA</collectionCode>
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4458-POR (
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFB2C8BDF7125FD32" box="[1233,1348,654,678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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). Forno Harbour, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro,
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6D2F50FFFBBFD8E8BE076DAFD5E" box="[627,699,689,714]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; depth:
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<quantity id="4CC10BA7F50FFFBBFCEE8BE37720FD5D" box="[787,833,690,714]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF878082F50FFFBBFCB08BE377BAFD5E" box="[845,987,690,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" value="2009-07-17">17/VII/2009</date>
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; collected by F.F. Cavalcanti.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8B84774BFD7A" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" box="[199,810,725,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF3A8B847504FD7A" bold="true" box="[199,357,725,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFF3A8B847563FD7A" box="[199,258,725,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro,
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6D2F50FFFBBFD238B847747FD7A" box="[734,806,725,750]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8BA87515FCA2" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF3A8BA875DBFC86" bold="true" box="[199,442,761,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Additional material.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED283E87F50FFFBBFE3C8BAB766DFC86" box="[449,524,762,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">UFBA</collectionCode>
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4469-POR,
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<collectionCode id="ED283E87F50FFFBBFD678BAB7684FC86" box="[666,741,762,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">UFBA</collectionCode>
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4470-POR, and
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<collectionCode id="ED283E87F50FFFBBFC5F8BAB778CFC86" box="[930,1005,762,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">UFBA</collectionCode>
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4471-POR. From the same locality of the
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFF3D8A4F7491FCA2" box="[192,240,798,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C323F5C9F50FFFBCFF3A8A10753AFB8F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8A1075F3FBA6" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50FFFBBFF3A8A107538FCCE" bold="true" box="[199,345,833,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Description.</emphasis>
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Colour is beige, alive and after fixation (
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<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFCBF8A1077C4FCCE" box="[834,933,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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A). The
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFBF68A10700CFCCE" box="[1035,1133,833,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is slightly larger than the
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<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFF6A8A377564FCEA" box="[151,261,870,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, and it measures 2.0 x
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<quantity id="4CC10BA7F50FFFBBFDFC8A37762DFCE9" box="[513,588,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
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(height x width). The sponge is tubular, with an apical osculum ornamented by a fringe of trichoxea (
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<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFE508AD87679FC36" box="[429,536,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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A–B). Sagittal triactines surround the base of the fringe, forming a ring (
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<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFABB8AD874C4FC52" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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B–D). The surface is very hispid due to the presence of several large diactines with the distal tips protruding through the cortex. These spicules are mainly perpendicular to the sponge body, except near the osculum where they are tangential. The atrial cavity is wide. The aquiferous system is leuconoid, with spherical choanocyte chambers (
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<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFEEC8D487513FBA6" box="[273,370,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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E).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8D6F77F8FA0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
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Large diactines cross the sponge wall and sometimes reach the atrial cavity (
|
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<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFBD58D6C70E8FBC2" box="[1064,1161,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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F). The cortical skeleton is composed of tangential triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFDC58D3076FAFBEE" box="[568,667,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Fragments of trichoxea were also found in this region. They are scarce and tangential to the cortex, but without organisation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFCA78DD477DCFB0A" box="[858,957,1157,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H). These spicules also occur at the atrial skeleton. Below the cortex, the subcortical region is formed by a layer of pseudosagittal triactines, which point one of their paired actines toward the atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFD988D9C76A6FB72" box="[613,711,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="FF878082F50FFFBBFD4A8D9F76A6FB72" box="[695,711,1230,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Large triactines are present at the choanosome. These spicules are dispersed without organisation, but some of them point the unpaired actine towards the cortex, forming an inarticulated skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFE678C44759CFABA" box="[410,509,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="FF878082F50FFFBBFE108C47759CFABA" box="[493,509,1302,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Rare tetractines were found surrounding an exhalant canal. Subatrial triactines were observed, but they are not abundant. The atrial skeleton is formed mainly by triactines and few tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFF638C0C7561FAE2" box="[158,256,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Rare tangential diactines similar to those found on the cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFC1F8C0C7023FAE2" box="[994,1090,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G) are also present at the atrial skeleton of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548218E0F50FFFBBFEBE8CD375CFFA0E" box="[323,430,1410,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(UFBA 4457-POR and UFBA 4458-POR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8CF47494FA76" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Spicules (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BB93F9F50FFFBBFEC88CF475E8FA2A" box="[309,393,1445,1470]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR)." pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
): Trichoxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFDC88CF476F6FA2A" box="[565,663,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[247,1331,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H): Very thin spicules. They are usually broken, but measure at least 150 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8CBC7044F9BE" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Diactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFEBD8CBC75C0F992" box="[320,417,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A): Large and stout. The proximal tip is sharply pointed but the distal one can be sharp or arrow-shaped [372–949.1 ± 59.7–2156/ 20–40.6 ± 2.7–78 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF50FFFBBFC7C8F437073F9BE" box="[897,1042,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8F647544F92E" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Cortical triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFE628F647660F9DA" box="[415,513,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B): Almost regular and variable in size. Actines are straight, cylindrical, and with blunt tips. The unpaired actine can be slightly larger or slightly shorter than the paired ones [Paired actines: 110– 186.7 ± 21.3–300/ 10–11.3 ± 0.5–20 µm; unpaired actine: 90–181.9 ± 30.7–280/ 10–11.6 ± 0.5–20 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF50FFFBBFA738F2F7572F92E" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBBFF3A8F9470C2F8DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Subcortical triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFE3A8F94764BF94A" box="[455,554,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C): Pseudosagittal. Actines are slightly conical and blunt. The longest paired actine is commonly straight while the shortest one is curved. The unpaired actine is commonly short and straight [Paired actine I: 80–169.4 ± 28.3–300/ 10–14.3 ± 3.8–20 µm; paired actine II: 150–231.0 ± 23.7–330/ 10–14.5 ± 0.8–25 µm; unpaired actine: 70–145.2 ± 23.2–270/ 10–14.6 ± 0.4–20 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF50FFFBBFBFD8E6370F1F8DE" box="[1024,1168,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50FFFBDFF3A8E047005F941" blockId="2.[151,1437,437,2010]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1652,1965]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Choanosomal triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F50FFFBBFE238E04765EF8FA" box="[478,575,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="478">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D): Actines are slightly conical and equiradiated, with blunt tips. The paired actines (both or only one of them) are curved to the opposite side of the unpaired one. Additionally, one of the paired actines is commonly wavy. They are larger than the other triactine categories [Paired actine: 140–236.4 ± 29.7–340/ 10–15.4 ± 0.5–20 µm; unpaired actine: 120–224.8 ± 35.4–340/ 10–16.0 ± 1.4–20 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF50FFFBBFB058E9371E9F84E" box="[1272,1416,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)]; Subatrial triactine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F509FFBDFE638F25759FF919" box="[414,510,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E): Sagittal. Actines are slightly conical and with blunt tips. The paired actines are curved and are commonly shorter than the unpaired one [Paired actine: 130–203.6 ± 12.6–280/ 15–16.3 ± 0.2–20 µm; unpaired actine: 190–245.6 ± 33.3–350/ 15– 17.7 ± 0.2–20 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF509FFBDFC3C8FEC7033F941" box="[961,1106,1724,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF46F6CAF50EFFBAFF6A8E4D7542F87E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241112/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="479" targetBox="[247,1330,193,1793]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F50EFFBAFF6A8E4D7542F87E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1820,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50EFFBAFF6A8E4D7574F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,277,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="479">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F50EFFBAFEE08E4C759BF8A6" box="[285,506,1821,1842]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="479" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50EFFBAFEE08E4C759BF8A6" box="[285,506,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="479">Vosmaeropsis recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF50EFFBAFDFF8E4D7634F8A5" box="[514,597,1820,1841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F50EFFBAFDFF8E4D7634F8A5" bold="true" box="[514,597,1820,1841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="479">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UFBA 4456-POR, holotype). A—Preserved specimen; B—Oscular fringe; C— Detail of the oscular fringe showing the ring of spicules (arrowheads); D—Detail of the triactines that compose the ring of the oscular fringe; E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); G—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; H—Detail of the cortical skeleton showing the fragments of trichoxea; I—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads) and a choanosomal triactine (arrow); J—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton with triactines and few tetractines (arrowheads).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF46F6CAF509FFBDFF6A8A8C70FAFB85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" targetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F509FFBDFF6A8A8C70FAFB85" blockId="4.[151,1435,989,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F509FFBDFF6A8A8C7572FC66" bold="true" box="[151,275,989,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F509FFBDFEE78A8F7594FC67" box="[282,501,990,1011]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F509FFBDFEE78A8F7594FC67" box="[282,501,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">Vosmaeropsis recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF509FFBDFE068A8C762AFC66" box="[507,587,989,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F509FFBDFE068A8C762AFC66" bold="true" box="[507,587,989,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UFBA 4456-POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF46F6CAF509FFBDFF6A8F5A76D2F9D0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241114/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" targetBox="[151,1435,1091,1525]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F509FFBDFF6A8F5A76D2F9D0" blockId="4.[151,1435,1547,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F509FFBDFF6A8F5A7572F9B4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1547,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron microscopy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F509FFBDFD8F8F5D772CF9B5" box="[626,845,1548,1569]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F509FFBDFD8F8F5D772CF9B5" box="[626,845,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">Vosmaeropsis recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF509FFBDFCA98F5D77C4F9B5" box="[852,933,1548,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F509FFBDFCA98F5D77C4F9B5" bold="true" box="[852,933,1548,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UFBA 4456-POR, holotype). A—General view of the spicule; B—Detail of the smooth apical actine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F509FFBDFF3A8FB17073F8D5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1652,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Atrial triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F509FFBDFE738FB17592F96D" box="[398,499,1760,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F): They are sagittal. Actines are slightly conical, straight, with blunt tips. The unpaired actine is shorter than the paired ones [Paired actines: 120–216.6 ± 29.0–310/ 10–13.0 ± 0.8–20 µm; unpaired actine: 50–117.1 ± 9.1–190/ 10– 13.0 ± 0.5–20 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF509FFBDFC938E787061F8D5" box="[878,1024,1832,1857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F509FFBDFF3A8E1D70D1F839" blockId="4.[151,1436,1652,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Atrial tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302BAC7F509FFBDFE6D8E1D7598F8F1" box="[400,505,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,967]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456 - POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241113/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="480">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G; 4): They are similar to the atrial triactines. The apical actine is short, smooth and straight [Paired actines: 100–220.7 ± 33.7–320/ 10–18.5 ± 1.1–20 µm; unpaired actine: 50–132.8 ± 4.7–220/ 10– 15.1 ± 0.5–20 µm; apical actine: 20–45.4 ± 10.2–80/ 10–10.6 ± 1.7–20µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F6DCBF509FFBDFBF18EC470FFF839" box="[1036,1182,1940,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="480" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF46F6CAF508FFBCFF6A89C9708DFF3B" box="[151,1260,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F508FFBCFF6A89C9708DFF3B" blockId="5.[151,1260,152,175]" box="[151,1260,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF6A89C9756BFF3B" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFD3689C977D1FF3B" box="[715,944,152,175]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFD3689C977D1FF3B" box="[715,944,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Vosmaeropsis recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFC4589C9706CFF3B" box="[952,1037,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFC4589C9706CFF3B" bold="true" box="[952,1037,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UFBA 4456
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB6289C970C9FF3B" bold="true" box="[1183,1192,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">-</emphasis>
|
||
POR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F508FFBCFF61899B713DFF74" blockId="5.[156,1380,202,886]" box="[156,1372,202,224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Spicule Actine Length (µm) Width (µm) N</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F508FFBCFD8389A57097FE9E" blockId="5.[156,1380,202,886]" box="[638,1270,244,266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Min. Mean SD Max. Mean SD</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F508FFBCFF61884C753AFB8F" blockId="5.[156,1380,202,886]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,954,1735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
|
||
Diactines 392 905.9 418.0 2156 37.9 7.4 23 Cortical triactines Paired 110 162.7 25.2 220 10.8 1.9 30 Unpaired 130 165.3 23.3 220 11.0 2.0 30 Subcortical triactines Paired 1 80 141.3 30.4 200 12.7 2.5 30 Paired 2 160 209.3 20.5 250 12.8 2.8 30 Unpaired 100 126.0 19.8 170 13.0 2.5 30 Choanosomal triactines Paired 160 208.0 25.8 250 15.0 1.9 30 Unpaired 140 199.7 40.2 280 15.0 0.0 30 Subatrial triactines Paired 130 189.2 23.5 220 16.4 2.2 12 Unpaired 200 222.9 20.9 260 18.4 2.1 12 Atrial triactines Paired 120 201.0 31.4 250 12.5 2.9 30 Unpaired 60 107.7 27.4 180 12.3 2.9 30 Atrial tetractines Paired 150 197.0 29.0 270 14.7 1.8 30 Unpaired 80 131.9 37.2 210 14.8 1.7 26 Apical 40 49.0 6.4 60 10.2 1.1 20
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF3A8AEB754AFC47" bold="true" box="[199,299,954,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
All the specimens were found on plastic structures used as artificial substrate to the settlement of larvae of marine invertebrates.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32EE6D2F508FFBCFE058A8E7676FC63" box="[504,535,991,1015]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
these structures remained submerged for two months, this is the maximum age of the specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C323F5C9F508FFBCFF3A8D777698F953" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86A642F508FFBCFF3A8D777698F953" blockId="5.[151,1436,954,1735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF3A8D77755AFBAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1062,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFEBC8D7675BBFBAA" box="[321,474,1063,1086]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFEBC8D7675BBFBAA" box="[321,474,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Vosmaeropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently formed by 21 species. A remarkable character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFB708D767098FBAA" box="[1165,1273,1063,1086]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB708D767098FBAA" box="[1165,1273,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFAFD8D77713BFBAB" box="[1280,1370,1062,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFAFD8D77713BFBAB" bold="true" box="[1280,1370,1062,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the presence of large diactines in its skeleton, which also occur in ten other species of the genus (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BB93F9F508FFBCFB1B8D1B7121FBF7" box="[1254,1344,1098,1123]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[125,203,513,533]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative skeletal composition of the 23 species of the genus Vosmaeropsis (data obtained from original descriptions). Di—Diactines, Tri. — Triactines, Psag. Tri. —" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). These species are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFEE28D3E7651FB13" authority="Verril, 1873" authorityName="Verril" authorityYear="1873" box="[287,560,1134,1159]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cyathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFEE28D3E75EEFB12" box="[287,399,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. cyathus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFE638D3F7649FB13" author="Verril" box="[414,552,1134,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1873) Exploration of Casco Bay by the U. S. Fish Commission in 1873. Proceedings of the American Association of the Advancement of Science, 1873 (2), 340 - 395." type="journal article" year="1873">Verril, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFDC18D3E76F8FB12" box="[572,665,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. g r i s e a</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFD598D3F7753FB13" author="Tanita" box="[676,818,1134,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Tanita, S. (1939) Two new Calcarea from Saseho, Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4, 14, 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1939">Tanita, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFCC18D3E77A0FB12" box="[828,961,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. h i s p an i ca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFC368D3F70BBFB13" author="Ferrer-Hernandez" box="[971,1242,1134,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Ferrer-Hernandez, F. (1933) Sobre algunas esponjas de Marin (Galicia). Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 33 (9), 347 - 358." type="journal article" year="1933">Ferrer-Hernández, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFB198D3E74B3FB3F" authority="Tanita, 1942" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1942" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB198D3E7128FB12" box="[1252,1353,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. inflata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFAB28D3F74B3FB3F" author="Tanita" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Tanita, S. (1942) Report on the calcareous sponges obtained by the Zoological Institute and Museum of Hamburg. Part II. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Series 4, 17 (2), 105 - 135." type="journal article" year="1942">Tanita, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFF228DC27671FB3F" authority="Hozawa, 1929" authorityName="Hozawa" authorityYear="1929" box="[223,528,1171,1195]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF228DC2753EFB3E" box="[223,351,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFE948DC27671FB3F" author="Hozawa" box="[361,528,1171,1195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Hozawa, S. (1929) Studies on the calcareous sponges of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 1, 277 - 389." type="journal article" year="1929">Hôzawa, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFDE38DC2775DFB3F" authority="Carter, 1886" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1886" box="[542,828,1170,1195]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFDE38DC276F1FB3E" box="[542,656,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. macera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFD5C8DC27755FB3F" author="Carter" box="[673,820,1170,1195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18, 34 - 55, 126 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460181" type="journal article" year="1886">Carter, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFCB78DC2717EFB3F" authority="Dendy & Frederick, 1924" authorityName="Dendy & Frederick" authorityYear="1924" box="[842,1311,1170,1195]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFCB78DC2778AFB3F" box="[842,1003,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFC088DC3717EFB3F" author="Dendy" box="[1013,1311,1170,1195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Dendy, A. & Frederick, L. M. (1924) On a collection of sponges from the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society Zoology, 35, 477 - 519. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1924. tb 00052. x" type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy & Frederick, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFAD08DC275CAFB5B" authority="Ferrer-Hernandez, 1918" authorityName="Ferrer-Hernandez" authorityYear="1918" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oruetai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFAD08DC271FDFB3E" box="[1325,1436,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. oruetai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFF6A8DE775CAFB5B" author="Ferrer-Hernandez" box="[151,427,1206,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Ferrer-Hernandez, F. (1918) Esponjas del litoral de Asturias. Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Serie Zoologia, 36, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1918">Ferrer-Hernández, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFE478DE67655FB5A" box="[442,564,1207,1230]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sericata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE478DE67655FB5A" box="[442,564,1207,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. sericata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFD898DE677E9FB5B" authority="Tanita, 1943" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1943" box="[628,904,1206,1231]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFD898DE67688FB5A" box="[628,745,1207,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFD088DE777E9FB5B" author="Tanita" box="[757,904,1206,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Tanita, S. (1943) Studies on the Calcarea of Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, 17, 353 - 490." type="journal article" year="1943">Tanita, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFC6A8DE670ECFB5A" box="[919,1165,1207,1230]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFC6A8DE670ECFB5A" box="[919,1165,1207,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Vosmaeropsis recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFB648DE77096FB5B" box="[1177,1271,1206,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB648DE77096FB5B" bold="true" box="[1177,1271,1206,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be easily differentiated from most of these species by its skeletal composition. For example, its atrial skeleton is formed by tri- and tetractines, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFE418DAE764CFA82" box="[444,557,1279,1302]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE418DAE764CFA82" box="[444,557,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. macera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFD9A8DAE7766FA82" box="[615,775,1278,1302]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFD9A8DAE7766FA82" box="[615,775,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only atrial triactines, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFB8D8DAE709BFA82" box="[1136,1274,1278,1302]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB8D8DAE709BFA82" box="[1136,1274,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. hispanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFAF78DAE7115FA82" box="[1290,1396,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. or u e t a i</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFA7A8DAE7490FAAE" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sericata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFA7A8DAE7490FAAE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. sericata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFED78C7275F8FAAE" box="[298,409,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. s pi n os a</emphasis>
|
||
have only atrial tetractines. The atrial skeleton can also be used to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFAD38C7271FDFAAE" box="[1326,1436,1315,1338]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFAD38C7271FDFAAE" box="[1326,1436,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFF6A8C177490FACB" box="[151,241,1350,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF6A8C177490FACB" bold="true" box="[151,241,1350,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFECB8C1675D5FACA" box="[310,436,1351,1374]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFECB8C1675D5FACA" box="[310,436,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the latter, it is composed mainly by the paired actines of the subatrial spicules, which does not occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFEA28C3A75ADFA16" box="[351,460,1387,1410]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFEA28C3A75ADFA16" box="[351,460,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFE2E8C3B764CFA17" box="[467,557,1386,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE2E8C3B764CFA17" bold="true" box="[467,557,1386,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The main difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFC7E8C3A778EFA16" box="[899,1007,1387,1410]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFC7E8C3A778EFA16" box="[899,1007,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFC0A8C3B7031FA17" box="[1015,1104,1386,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFC0A8C3B7031FA17" bold="true" box="[1015,1104,1386,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFB7A8C3A7099FA17" box="[1159,1272,1387,1411]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cyathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB7A8C3A7099FA17" box="[1159,1272,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. cyathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the absence of choanosomal tetractines in the latter and the abundance of diactines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFC378CDE7056FA32" box="[970,1079,1423,1446]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFC378CDE7056FA32" box="[970,1079,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFBC38CDF70F6FA33" box="[1086,1175,1422,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFBC38CDF70F6FA33" bold="true" box="[1086,1175,1422,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(diactines are few in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFA7A8CDE748DFA5F" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cyathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFA7A8CDE748DFA5F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. cyathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Finally, in relation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFDF68CE27612FA5F" box="[523,627,1459,1483]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFDF68CE27612FA5F" box="[523,627,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. inflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species can be easily differentiated by its surface
|
||
<typeStatus id="548218E0F508FFBCFAC58CE27109FA5F" box="[1336,1384,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and arrangement of the diactines—in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFDE88C86761DFA7A" box="[533,636,1494,1518]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFDE88C86761DFA7A" box="[533,636,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. inflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these spicules never protrude from the surface while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFAFE8C867113FA7A" box="[1283,1394,1495,1518]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFAFE8C867113FA7A" box="[1283,1394,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFA878C8774A9F987" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFA878C8774A9F987" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
they do, making it strongly hispid. Thus, among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFCDF8CAA77DAF986" box="[802,955,1531,1554]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFCDF8CAA77DAF986" box="[802,955,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Vosmaeropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that have large diactines, the most similar species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFE958F4E75B9F9A2" box="[360,472,1567,1590]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE958F4E75B9F9A2" box="[360,472,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFE1F8F4F765FF9A3" box="[482,574,1566,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE1F8F4F765FF9A3" bold="true" box="[482,574,1566,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFD998F4E76A4F9A2" box="[612,709,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. g r i s ea</emphasis>
|
||
, which occurs on the Japanese coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBB3F508FFBCFB788F4F7178F9A3" author="Tanita" box="[1157,1305,1566,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" refString="Tanita, S. (1939) Two new Calcarea from Saseho, Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4, 14, 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1939">Tanita, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The main differences between them are the shape of the diactines (pointed at both sides in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFBD08F1270ECF9CE" box="[1069,1165,1603,1626]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFBD08F1270ECF9CE" box="[1069,1165,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and arrow-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFA7A8F127488F9EA" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFA7A8F127488F9EA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFF138F377526F9EB" box="[238,327,1638,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF138F377526F9EB" bold="true" box="[238,327,1638,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) and the shape and size of the atrial tri- and tetractines (the unpaired actine is longer than the paired actines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFEF78FDA7508F936" box="[266,361,1675,1698]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFEF78FDA7508F936" box="[266,361,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFE228FDA762CF936" box="[479,589,1675,1698]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE228FDA762CF936" box="[479,589,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFDA98FDB76CEF937" box="[596,687,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFDA98FDB76CEF937" bold="true" box="[596,687,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the opposite occurs). The comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFB318FDA7158F936" box="[1228,1337,1675,1698]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recruta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFB318FDA7158F936" box="[1228,1337,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. recruta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFABF8FDB71FDF937" box="[1346,1436,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFABF8FDB71FDF937" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1674,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39DDC1F508FFBCFF3B8FFE75A5F952" box="[198,452,1710,1734]" class="Calcarea" family="Heteropiidae" genus="Vosmaeropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complanatispinifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFF3B8FFE75A5F952" box="[198,452,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">V. complanatispinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27EC72BF508FFBCFE378FFF7645F953" box="[458,548,1710,1735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D7A50F508FFBCFE378FFF7645F953" bold="true" box="[458,548,1710,1735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is provided below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |