159 lines
18 KiB
XML
159 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="024CAC3D222340BD4406978D10F5942F" ID-CLB-Dataset="29978" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4427.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c87fedef-eea4-42c6-998a-2a01b2c5839d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1271779" ID-ZooBank="A13A4AB4-0E53-463B-A835-72C193728BB5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1528149063014" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Brescovit, Antonio D." docDate="2018" docId="03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4427.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4427 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nops" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFA96F5BFFB2FFF5FF93FF90FFAB4072" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698546789364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A657AD145B8A1010D1953479AFFABF84" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D37F9DCB283E2625786BE1BD509FAF5C">
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<mods:title id="AA580F435D0655771A8C7E1E6C2D7552">A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Nops MacLeay (Araneae: Caponiidae) with the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Nopinae genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F98A511E43D5B36E1DA5E8B819B96A41" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="277FE2F5996030094A98302AED90F60D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6E40C490F023E52F1622E15886E3A22A">Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8AE2B21D319174B40FFD7897D93735B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="850B48A0E43527F262AC3803604CE062">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="77E19E0C17F2C823F65269A1A1B10DD0">Brescovit, Antonio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C4002149F1A147896895D141EB9A3CFD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7FBD2AA017B847FF3D757AE758845030">
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<mods:title id="B037C12C989C74AB18ACDB9BEAA48E30">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E0F928352F80531C843806E0864E9586">
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<mods:date id="2EC2441C7DA52A17116EDEB375C90E27">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D650535FA0516E785A12FBA9FE349CE0" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D571CAD50E476E5B05C56384059504A6">2018-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DCF5DC58359092FE8048B03013582525" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="452C09515C36FE6B42C47C9F5FB67CD8">4427</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8536E099A5FC5A3F4D9FA09632149DE9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4427.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C323F5BEFFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B86A635FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFE3E4114" blockId="8.[151,405,332,358]" box="[151,405,332,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0CE1159FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFE3E4114" bold="true" box="[151,405,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFE3E4114" bold="true" box="[151,405,332,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFEC4FEDCFE3E4114" ID-CoL="63GD4" ID-ENA="1956867" box="[343,405,332,358]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFEC4FEDCFE3E4114" bold="true" box="[343,405,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B86A635FFBAFFFDFF04FE04FDBE422C" blockId="8.[151,1437,402,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<materialsCitation id="3B51AC68FFBAFFFDFF04FE04FBE641D9" box="[151,1101,402,427]" country="Argentina" location="Caribbean islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFF04FE04FF7A41D9" box="[151,209,404,427]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFF04FE04FF7A41D9" box="[151,209,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is Neotropical, ranging from the
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<location id="8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFDFDFE02FC9641D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409:8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFDFDFE02FC9641D9" box="[622,829,402,427]" country="Argentina" name="Caribbean islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caribbean islands</location>
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to northern
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFC49FE02FBE641D9" box="[986,1101,402,427]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B51AC68FFBAFFFDFBCDFE02FDBE422C" country="Venezuela" county="Colombia" location="Caribbean Islands" municipality="Central America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1">
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After this work, the genus comprises 34 species, of which 15 (44%) occur in the
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<location id="8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFC9AFE26FC7341BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409:8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFC9AFE26FC7341BD" box="[777,984,438,463]" country="Venezuela" county="Colombia" municipality="Central America" name="Caribbean Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caribbean Islands</location>
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, four (12%) in
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<location id="8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFB19FE26FAEE41BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409:8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFB19FE26FAEE41BD" box="[1162,1349,438,463]" country="Venezuela" county="Colombia" municipality="Central America" name="Central America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central America</location>
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and 15 (44%) in
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<location id="8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFE95FE4AFE434180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409:8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFE95FE4AFE434180" box="[262,488,474,499]" country="Venezuela" county="Colombia" municipality="Central America" name="South America. We" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South America. We</location>
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greatly increased the richness of species from
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<location id="8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFB9FFE4AFB114181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409:8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFB9FFE4AFB114181" box="[1036,1210,474,499]" country="Venezuela" county="Colombia" municipality="Central America" name="South America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South America</location>
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, whence have been described most of the new species found during this study. However, the highest species richness still remains concentrated in the
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<location id="8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFEE0FDB2FD264249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03901723FFBAFFFDFF04FEDCFD5D4409:8EE6F0EEFFBAFFFDFEE0FDB2FD264249" box="[371,653,546,571]" country="Venezuela" county="Colombia" municipality="Central America" name="Wider Caribbean Region" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Wider Caribbean Region</location>
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, including
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE23C4FFFBAFFFDFC9AFDB2FC6F4249" box="[777,964,546,571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central America</collectingMunicipality>
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and the north of
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<collectingCounty id="62E7DEB9FFBAFFFDFB17FDB2FB594249" box="[1156,1266,546,571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCounty>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFABAFDB2FA374249" box="[1321,1436,546,571]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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where 64.7% of the species occur.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B86A635FFBAFFFDFF54FDFAFB2F43D1" blockId="8.[151,1437,402,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Endemism in the Caribbean islands is very high, after this study, most of the species continue being single island endemics, except
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFE34FD1FFD8B42D5" box="[423,544,654,679]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blandus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFE34FD1FFD8B42D5" box="[423,544,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. blandus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFDC6FD1FFD4042D5" box="[597,747,655,679]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finisfurvus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFDC6FD1FFD4042D5" box="[597,747,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. finisfurvus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which occur in several small islands from the
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFB64FD1FFAB042D5" box="[1271,1307,655,679]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">US</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFAC3FD1EFE9842B9" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">British Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1302BAB0FFBAFFFDFED0FD22FE3142B9" box="[323,410,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,180,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[161,1421,173,1663]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. A–D Nops agnarssoni Sánchez–Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón, male (holotype). A habitus, dorsal view. B habitus, ventral view. C left palp, retrolateral view. D left palp, prolateral view. E distribution of Nops agnarssoni Sánchez–Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón (square), Nops blandus (Bryant) (circles) and Nops finisfurvus Sánchez–Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón (stars). Scale bars: 2 mm (A–B), 0.5 mm (C–D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1271805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFE3EFD22FE4342B9" box="[429,488,690,715]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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and Hispaniola, with four species each, are the most diverse islands, since they have the largest expanse of territory and the greater complexity of habitats throughout the insular Caribbean (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA8DBC4FFBAFFFDFAA1FD47FEBC4361" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref54658" refString="Dengo, G. & Case J. E. (1991) The Caribbean Region. The geology of North America. Volume H. The Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, 538 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / DNAG-GNA-H" type="book">Dengo & Case, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The other islands where
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFDAEFD6CFDDC4361" box="[573,631,764,787]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFDAEFD6CFDDC4361" box="[573,631,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have been recorded are only represented by a single species. To date, there are no records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFE44FC8FFDBA4344" box="[471,529,799,822]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFE44FC8FFDBA4344" box="[471,529,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the main island of
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFCB6FC8FFC054345" box="[805,942,798,823]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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, nor from the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. However, heeding the known distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFD63FCD4FC814329" box="[752,810,836,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFD63FCD4FC814329" box="[752,810,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Caribbean region, it is expected that these islands are represented each by at least one endemic species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFD6DFCF7FC38430D" box="[766,915,870,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFD6DFCF7FC38430D" box="[766,915,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFC48FCF6FB91430D" box="[987,1082,870,895]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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Island is the only species with representatives also on the continent; including part of
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFD6CFC1AFCD943D1" box="[767,882,906,931]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFC3BFC1BFC5443D1" box="[936,1023,907,931]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1302BAB0FFBAFFFDFB9CFC1AFBDC43D1" box="[1039,1143,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,227,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,215,1872]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 57. Nops maculatus Simon; A–E male (Trinidad: AMNH); F female (Trinidad: MCZ 128291). A left palp, prolateral view. B left palpal tibia, prolateral view. C stridulatory pick, prolateral view. D tip of embolus, retrolateral view. E same, anterior view. F internal genitalia, dorsal view. G distribution of Nops maculatus Simon (circles), Nops flutillus Chickering (star), Nops ursumus Chickering (diamond), Nops coccineus Simon (square) and Nops variabilis Keyserling (triangles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1271943/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 57G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B86A635FFBAFFFDFF54FC3EFD5D4409" blockId="8.[151,1437,402,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Aside from
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFEC0FC3EFE2543B5" box="[339,398,942,967]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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and Hispaniola,
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<taxonomicName id="4C39DDB6FFBAFFFDFDC7FC3FFD2543B4" box="[596,654,943,966]" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Nops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94D7A27FFBAFFFDFDC7FC3FFD2543B4" box="[596,654,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are concentrated in three other areas (
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<figureCitation id="1302BAB0FFBAFFFDFB3AFC3EFAAB43B5" box="[1193,1280,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="108.[151,250,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[194,1382,545,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@108.[150,1436,519,1978]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 75. Areas from Central and South America with high concentration of Nops species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1271997/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
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). 1) The area occupied by
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFEB6FC43FE2A4398" box="[293,385,979,1002]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<collectingRegion id="49FD68D7FFBAFFFDFEB6FC43FE2A4398" box="[293,385,979,1002]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Panama</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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, the north coastal regions of
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFD50FC42FC9A4399" box="[707,817,978,1003]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F32EE6A5FFBAFFFDFCF4FC42FC764399" box="[871,989,978,1003]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and their adjacent islands, where seven endemic species were recorded; 2) the region of the Amazon River with three species, and 3) the Brazilian state of Bahia with 4 sympatric species. However, these apparent patterns may result from non‒homogeneous sampling. South America caponiid diversity is likely to be significantly underestimated given that there are still many unexplored and poorly sampled areas in the continent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |