1220 lines
212 KiB
XML
1220 lines
212 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="503232BE9D3FF2BD1C73F565FCDC4FB8">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B3A3330FF73A9BE1B0EF96A" ID-CoL="4S3GX" authority="Lorenz, 1886" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,633,1759,1786]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B3A3330FF73A9BE18A7F96A" bold="true" box="[151,464,1759,1786]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FE33A9811B0EF96A" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[471,633,1760,1786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B3A3330FF73A8651832F88E" blockId="13.[151,633,1759,1822]" box="[151,325,1796,1822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B3A3330FF7BA8651990F88E" box="[159,231,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B3A3330FF10A865184BF88E" box="[244,316,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,181,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[228,1360,181,1699]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 31. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species.A, B. Rhamphostomella scabra (Fabricius, 1824). Neotype, SMNH- Type-9304 (Hammerfest, Norway, North Atlantic Ocean). C, D. Desmacystis sandalia (Robertson, 1900) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra orientalis Kluge, 1961). Holotype, ZIRAS 1/8801 (Cape Vkhodnoy Reef, Bering Island, Pacific Ocean). E, F. Rhamphostomella sollers (Canu & Bassler, 1929) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra). Syntype, USNM 8136 (Cape Tsiuka, Sangar Strait, Sea of Japan). G. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92531 (Jan Mayen). H, I. Rhamphostomella magnirostris (Canu & Bassler, 1928) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella costata). Syntype, USNM 7579 (Cedar Keys, western Florida, Gulf of Mexico). J, K. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1576A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). Scale bars: A, B, J, K, 500 µm; C–I, 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544591/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">31G–I</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B3A3330FF73A8291B78F8F1" authority=": Smitt 1868 a, p. 30" authorityName=": Smitt" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,527,1864,1889]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scabra">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B3A3330FF73A829183FF8F0" box="[151,328,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cellepora scabra</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FEB1A82918A4F8F0" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[341,467,1864,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 30
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(part), pl. 28, figs 186, 187.
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B3A3330FF73A80618EAF8EF" box="[151,413,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FE40A8091B5AF8EF" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[420,557,1895,1919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 12
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, pl. 7, fig. 11 (mentioned as fig.
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the text).
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B3A3330FF73A8E718E8F80E" box="[151,415,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FE4BA8E71B43F80E" author="Hincks, T." box="[431,564,1926,1950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks 1889</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 426
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, pl. 21, figs 7, 8;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FCA4A8E71D4EF80E" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[832,1081,1926,1950]" page="171" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FCA4A8E71A9EF80E" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[832,1001,1926,1950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 171
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5, figs 21, 22;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FAE6A8E71998F82C" author="Kluge, G. A." page="537" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FAE6A8E71C0AF80E" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1282,1405,1926,1950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 537
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 375; 1975, p. 654, fig. 375;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FDA4A8C51A69F82D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[576,798,1956,1981]" page="244" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1912">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FDA4A8C51BA6F82D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[576,721,1956,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="205 - 265" refId="ref93525" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 a) The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 205 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1325" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 244
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 26, figs 62a, b, pl. 31, fig. 100; 1952, p. 426, pl. 50, fig. 7;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FF23A8A218A9F84B" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[199,478,1987,2011]" page="226" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FF23A8A218E4F84B" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[199,403,1987,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Gostilovskaya 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 226
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 142;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FDA7A8A21A4FF84B" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[579,824,1987,2011]" page="171" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FDA7A8A21B9AF84B" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[579,749,1987,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="90 - 204" refId="ref86122" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1958) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata of the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 5, 90 - 204. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Androsova 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 171
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 102;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FC7AA8A21DF2F84B" author="Mawatari, S." box="[926,1157,1987,2011]" page="619" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FC7AA8A21D4DF84B" author="Mawatari, S." box="[926,1082,1987,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="582 - 633" refId="ref92633" refString="Mawatari, S. (1965) Phylum Tentaculata. In: Okada, Y., Uchida, S. & Uchida, T. (Eds.), New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan. Hokuryu-Kan, Tokyo, pp. 582 - 633. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1965">Mawatari 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 619
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, text-figs 126c, d;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FAA5A8A5184CF86A" author="Tarasova, N. A." page="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FAA5A8A5198BF86A" author="Tarasova, N. A." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref95661" refString="Tarasova, N. A. (1983) Fauna of bryozoans of the northeastern Sea of Japan. Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Far East State University, Vladivostok, USSR, 48 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1983">Tarasova 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 25
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 31;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FE71A8831BE5F86A" author="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P." box="[405,658,2018,2042]" page="67" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FE71A8831B23F86A" author="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P." box="[405,596,2018,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref87805" refString="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P. (1988) Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak Vicinity, Alaska. Occasional Paper: Center for Pacific Northwest Studies. Western Washington University, 23, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1988">Dick & Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 67
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5a;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B3A3330FD07A8831D55F86A" author="Ryland, J. S. & Hayward, P. J." box="[739,1058,2018,2042]" page="39" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B3A3330FD07A8831A93F86A" author="Ryland, J. S. & Hayward, P. J." box="[739,996,2018,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref95170" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Hayward, P. J. (1991) Erect Bryozoa. Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern United States. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 99, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Hayward 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 39
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 59.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF73AFF61A77FF3E" blockId="14.[151,1107,151,205]" box="[151,768,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B393333FF73AFF61A77FF3E" box="[151,768,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B393333FF73AFF61B8BFF3E" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,764,151,175]" page="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1929">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B393333FF73AFF61B8BFF3E" ID-CoL="4S3GX" authority=": Nordgaard 1929, p. 7" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,764,151,175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="scabra" variety="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF73AFF618EEFF3F" box="[151,409,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhamphostomella scabra</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FE2FAFF61B63FF3E" box="[459,532,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">costata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FDC6AFF61BBDFF3F" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[546,714,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref93180" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1929) Bryozoa. The Norwegian Northern Polar Expedition with the " Maud " 1918 - 1925. Scientific Results, 5, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Nordgaard 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 7
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF73AFD41D24FF5D" blockId="14.[151,1107,151,205]" box="[151,1107,181,205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B393333FF73AFD41A7FFF5D" ID-CoL="4S3H4" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1928, p. 120" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,776,181,205]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF73AFD418A2FF5D" box="[151,469,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhamphostomella magnirostris</emphasis>
|
||
Canu & Bassler, 1928, p. 120
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 19, figs 5–7, text-figs 22e, f.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF73AF931BE0FD90" blockId="14.[151,1437,242,512]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF73AF9318F0FE9A" bold="true" box="[151,391,242,266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B393333FE6BAF921AE4FE9B" ID-CoL="4S3GX" authority=": Nordgaard 1906, p. 30" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1906" box="[399,915,243,267]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FE6BAF921BE0FE9A" box="[399,663,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FD43AF921A27FE9B" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[679,848,243,267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 30
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 41;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FC2CAF921D39FE9B" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[968,1102,243,267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="515 - 540" refId="ref90905" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 515 - 540." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 533; 1908b, p. 553; 1928, p. 257; 1929, p. 21; 1952, p. 160; 1953, p. 178; 1961, p. 141; 1964, p. 190;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FC52AE701D4AFEB9" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[950,1085,273,297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 542; 1955, p. 38;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FAFCAE7018D6FED8" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="143 - 201" refId="ref93373" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1923) A preliminary list of the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the Vancouver Island Region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, New Series, 1, 143 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 22 - 010" type="journal article" year="1923">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 44; 1925, p. 105; 1926, p. 72;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FD13AE511AB4FED8" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[759,963,304,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 455; 1968, p. 70;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FB7DAE511C3BFED8" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1177,1356,304,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FB3AAE501C7DFED8" box="[1246,1290,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 213;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FF23AE2E1838FEF7" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[199,335,335,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 41;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FE7EAE2E1B50FEF7" author="Powell, N. A." box="[410,551,335,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="2269 - 2320" refId="ref94756" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 a) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of Arctic Canada. Journal Fishery Research Board Canada, 25, 2269 - 2320. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 202" type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2310; 1968b, p. 257;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FCC1AE2E1AD0FEF7" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[805,935,335,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">Gontar 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 13; 1990, p. 132; 1992, p. 195; 1994a, p. 144, 145; 1994b, p. 106; 2010, p. 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FDCEAE0C1A3BFE15" author="Mawatari, S. F. & Mawatari, S." box="[554,844,365,389]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="41 - 58" refId="ref92687" refString="Mawatari, S. F. & Mawatari, S. (1981) A preliminary list of cheilostomatous bryozoans collected along the coast of Hokkaido. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 21, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">Mawatari & Mawatari 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 55;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FC7FAE0C1D2AFE15" author="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P." box="[923,1117,365,389]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref87737" refString="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P. (1986) Intertidal cheilostome bryozoans in rock-pile habitat at Narrow Strait, Kodiak, Alaska. In: Nielsen, C. & Larwood, G. P. (Eds.), Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, pp. 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1986">Dick & Ross 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FB48AE0C1C22FE15" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1196,1365,365,389]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 13; 1990, p. 39; 2008, p. 187; 2011, p. 14; 2013, p. 184;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FD35AEED1AABFE34" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[721,988,396,420]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 354; Grishankov 1995, p. 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FACCAEED198BFE53" author="Grischenko, A. V." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 174; 2002, p. 115; 2015, p. 40;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FD8EAECA1A5EFE53" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[618,809,427,451]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FD5CAECA1B91FE53" box="[696,742,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 195;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FC60AECA1D45FE53" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[900,1074,427,451]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 203; 2009, p. 228;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FAF9AECA183AFE71" author="Kuklinski, P. & Bader, B." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="835 - 843" refId="ref91888" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Bader, B. (2007 b) Comparison of bryozoan assemblages from two contrasting Arctic shelf regions. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73, 835 - 843. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2007.03.024" type="journal article" year="2007">Kuklinski & Bader 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 840;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FE42AEA81BA3FE71" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[422,724,457,481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FCC4AEA81D53FE71" author="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D." box="[800,1060,457,481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="489 - 500" refId="ref91939" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D. (2009) Mineralogy of Arctic bryozoan skeletons in a global context. Facies, 55, 489 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 009 - 0179 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Kuklinski & Taylor 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 497; Ostrovsky 2009, p. 206, fig. 78c; 2013, p. 8, fig. 2.41c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B393333FE3DAE891B23FD90" author="Foster, N. R." box="[473,596,488,512]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 57.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B393333FF73AD4F1DB0F935" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF73AD4F1BD5FCB0" blockId="14.[151,1437,558,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF73AD4F18F4FDD8" bold="true" box="[151,387,558,584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FE68AD4E1B41FD00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405430" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition & F. Fischer" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="235" location="Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMW 92531" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FE68AD4E188EFDD8" box="[396,505,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B393333FE68AD4E188EFDD8" box="[396,505,559,584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FDEEAD4E1BC3FDD9" box="[522,692,558,585]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">NHMW 92531</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.50), three fragments of one colony initially encrusting shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B393333FF10AD331B33FDFD" authority=", L. Lorenz" authorityName="L. Lorenz" box="[244,580,594,621]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="islandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF10AD3318B1FDFC" box="[244,454,594,620]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chlamys islandica</emphasis>
|
||
, L. Lorenz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FDA9AD331BB2FDFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FDA9AD331BB2FDFC" box="[589,709,594,620]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FD35AD321DF7FDFC" box="[721,1152,594,621]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FAFEAD321CEFFDFD" box="[1306,1432,595,621]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FF38AD171829FD01" box="[220,350,630,657]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FF38AD171829FD01" box="[220,350,630,657]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="200.0">200–270 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, ollector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FE22AD161B41FD00" box="[454,566,630,657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F. Fischer</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FDA4AD171A01FD48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405340" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition & F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="235" location="Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMW 72990" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FDA4AD171BAAFD00" box="[576,733,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B393333FDA4AD171BAAFD00" box="[576,733,630,656]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FCE5AD161ADDFD00" box="[769,938,630,657]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">NHMW 72990</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.50), a few small fragments of one colony initially encrusting shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B393333FDF8ADFB1A11FD25" authority=", L. Lorenz" authorityName="L. Lorenz" box="[540,870,666,693]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="islandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FDF8ADFB1B9BFD24" box="[540,748,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chlamys islandica</emphasis>
|
||
, L. Lorenz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FC89ADFB1A92FD24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FC89ADFB1A92FD24" box="[877,997,666,692]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FC0BADFA1CEFFD24" box="[1007,1432,666,693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FEC3ADDE18DFFD49" box="[295,424,703,729]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FE1AADDF1BF4FD49" box="[510,643,702,729]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FE1AADDF1BF4FD49" box="[510,643,702,729]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="200.0">200–270 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FD1BADDE1A01FD48" box="[767,886,702,729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FC64ADDF1BD5FCB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405464" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="F. Fischer." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="235" location="Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMW 92532" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FC64ADDF1D6AFD48" box="[896,1053,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B393333FC64ADDF1D6AFD48" box="[896,1053,702,728]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FBACADDE1D83FD49" box="[1096,1268,702,729]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">NHMW 92532</specimenCode>
|
||
(=1884.II.92), colony encrusting gastropod shell,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FDCDAD821A6CFD6C" box="[553,795,738,765]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. Lorenz Collection</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FCCCAD821DACFD6C" box="[808,1243,738,765]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
, 1882–1883,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FA93AD82199FFCB1" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FEDCAC6718CEFCB1" box="[312,441,774,801]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FEDCAC6718CEFCB1" box="[312,441,774,801]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="200.0">200–270 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FDCAAC661BD5FCB0" box="[558,674,774,801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F. Fischer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF23AC4A1989F984" blockId="14.[151,1437,558,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FF23AC4A18D9FCF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405453" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="A. M. Norman Collection" country="Greenland" elevation="104" location="Valorous" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="104">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FF23AC4A1846FCD5" box="[199,305,811,837]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1911.10.1.1574A, colony encrusting bivalve shell,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FC9EAC4B1DEDFCD4" box="[890,1178,810,837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.M. Norman Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, HMS
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FB0FAC4B1C39FCD4" box="[1259,1358,810,836]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FB0FAC4B1C39FCD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FB0FAC4B1C39FCD4" box="[1259,1358,810,836]" country="Greenland" name="Valorous" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Valorous</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1875,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FF73AC2F1878FCF8" box="[151,271,846,872]" name="Greenland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B393333FE84AC2F18D9FCF9" box="[352,430,846,873]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FE84AC2F18DDFCF9" box="[352,426,846,873]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="104.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FE84AC2F18DDFCF9" box="[352,426,846,873]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="104.0">104 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FE51AC2E1CEFFCF8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405422" box="[437,1432,846,873]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Hincks Collection" country="Greenland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMUK 1899.5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FE51AC2E1B0FFCF9" box="[437,632,846,873]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">NHMUK 1899.5</specimenCode>
|
||
.1.273, three colony fragments, locality not given,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FB48AC2E1DC9FCF9" box="[1196,1214,847,873]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FB2EAC2F1CEFFCF8" box="[1226,1432,846,872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hincks Collection</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FF73AC121899FC44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405467" collectingDate="1991-08-12" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Sigsbee" country="Greenland" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="83" latitude="57.97" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-151.125" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMUK 2010.2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FF73AC12182CFC1C" box="[151,347,882,909]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">NHMUK 2010.2</specimenCode>
|
||
.9.6, one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FD62AC131BAFFC1C" box="[646,728,882,908]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FD04AC131A2FFC1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FD04AC131A2FFC1C" box="[736,856,882,908]" country="Greenland" name="Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FC80AC121AFFFC1D" box="[868,904,883,909]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FC74AC131D20FC1D" box="[912,1111,882,909]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FC74AC131D20FC1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FC74AC131D20FC1D" box="[912,1111,882,909]" country="Greenland" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="57.97" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-151.125" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Akademik Oparin" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Akademik Oparin</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 14th
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FB7BAC131C6AFC1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FB7BAC131C6AFC1C" box="[1183,1309,882,908]" country="Greenland" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="57.97" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-151.125" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Expedition" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FACCAC131C3AFC1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FACCAC131C3AFC1C" box="[1320,1357,882,908]" country="Greenland" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="57.97" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-151.125" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Stn" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stn</location>
|
||
17,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FA64AC13185CFC20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1991-08-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FA64AC13185CFC20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1991-08-12">12 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FE97ACF71B62FC20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FE97ACF71B62FC20" box="[371,533,918,944]" country="Greenland" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="57.97" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-151.125" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Kodiak Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kodiak Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FDC7ACF71BB8FC20" box="[547,719,918,944]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gulf of Alaska</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FD38ACF71A0AFC20" box="[732,893,918,944]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FC6EACF91D7EFC21" box="[906,1033,919,947]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="58.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="57.97">57°58.2ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FBF2ACF91DD1FC21" box="[1046,1190,919,947]" degrees="151" direction="west" minutes="07.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="-151.125">151°07.5ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FB1EACF71C40FC21" box="[1274,1335,918,945]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="83.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FB1EACF71C40FC21" box="[1274,1335,918,945]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="83.0">83 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FAA1ACF71CEBFC20" box="[1349,1436,918,944]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sigsbee</collectorName>
|
||
trawl, collector A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FE81ACDB180CFC44" box="[357,379,954,980]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FE6CACDB1899FC44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FE6CACDB1899FC44" box="[392,494,954,980]" country="Greenland" municipality="Kuklinski Collection" name="Smirnov." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Smirnov.</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FE13ACDA1BD6FB8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405474" collectingDate="1991-08-12" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Sigsbee" country="Greenland" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="83" latitude="57.97" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-151.125" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NHMUK 2010.2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
P.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FDF1ACDB1A72FC44" box="[533,773,954,980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kuklinski Collection</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, two colony fragments,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FBF8ACDA1D37FC45" box="[1052,1088,955,981]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FBAEACDA1DA7FC44" box="[1098,1232,955,980]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FBAEACDA1DA7FC44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FBAEACDA1DA7FC44" box="[1098,1232,955,980]" country="Greenland" county="Laptev Sea" latitude="74.5" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="137.08333" municipality="Stn" name="Ivan Kireev" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ivan Kireev</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FB04ACDB18FEFC68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FB04ACDB18FEFC68" country="Greenland" county="Laptev Sea" latitude="74.5" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="137.08333" municipality="Stn" name="Russian-German Expedition Transdrift" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Russian-German Expedition Transdrift</location>
|
||
1,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FE54ACBF18A2FC68" box="[432,469,990,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stn</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
48,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FDEDACBF1BB6FC68" box="[521,705,990,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1993-08-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FDEDACBF1BB6FC68" box="[521,705,990,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1993-08-18">18 August 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FD2AACBE1A38FC68" box="[718,847,990,1017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Laptev Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FCB9AC811AACFC69" box="[861,987,991,1019]" degrees="74" direction="north" minutes="30.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="74.5">74°30.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FC0CAC811D07FC69" box="[1000,1136,991,1019]" degrees="137" direction="east" minutes="05.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="137.08333">137°05.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FB20ACBF1C76FC69" box="[1220,1281,990,1017]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="22.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FB20ACBF1C76FC69" box="[1220,1281,990,1017]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FEF5AB6218C7FB8C" box="[273,432,1026,1053]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M.K. Schmid</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FE16AB621BD6FB8C" box="[498,673,1026,1053]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. Piepenburg.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FD4AAB6319ACFBF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405315" collectingDate="1861-08" collectorName="Svalbard & Jan Mayen" elevation="55" latitude="68.7" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" longLatPrecision="98" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Disko Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SMNH-1730, one colony fragment,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FBB9AB631CEFFB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FBB9AB631CEFFB8C" box="[1117,1432,1026,1052]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Western" latitude="68.7" longLatPrecision="98" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Disko Bay" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FF73AB47185AFBD0" box="[151,301,1062,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1861-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FF73AB47185AFBD0" box="[151,301,1062,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1861-08">August 1861</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FED9AB461898FBD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FED9AB461898FBD0" box="[317,495,1062,1089]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Western" latitude="68.7" longLatPrecision="98" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Disko Bay" name="Waygat Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Waygat Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FE1AAB471BC6FBD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FE1AAB471BC6FBD0" box="[510,689,1062,1088]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Western" latitude="68.7" longLatPrecision="98" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Disko Bay" name="Hinlopen Strait" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hinlopen Strait</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FD24AB471A93FBD1" box="[704,996,1062,1089]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FC17AB491D04FBD1" box="[1011,1139,1063,1091]" degrees="79" direction="north" minutes="10.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="79.166664">79°10.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FB66AB491D88FBD1" box="[1154,1279,1063,1091]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="00.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="19.0">19°00.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FABCAB471CE0FBD1" box="[1368,1431,1062,1089]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="55.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FABCAB471CE0FBD1" box="[1368,1431,1062,1089]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rocks.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FF00AB2B18E0FB18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405432" collectingDate="1861-08" collectorName="O. Torell." county="Western" elevation="55" latitude="68.7" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" longLatPrecision="98" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Disko Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SMNH-126202, one colony,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FDC9AB2B1BB3FBF4" box="[557,708,1098,1124]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Egedesminde</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FD31AB2B1A58FBF5" box="[725,815,1098,1125]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Aasiaat</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FCA0AB2B1ACAFBF5" box="[836,957,1098,1125]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Disko Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FC2EAB2A1D52FBF5" box="[970,1061,1099,1125]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Western</collectingCounty>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FBCAAB2B1DD1FBF4" box="[1070,1190,1098,1124]" name="Greenland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FB57AB2D1C46FBF5" box="[1203,1329,1099,1127]" degrees="68" direction="north" minutes="42.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="68.7">68°42.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FADAAB2D19C5FB19" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="45.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="-52.75">52°45.0ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FECEAB0F18E0FB18" box="[298,407,1134,1160]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. Torell.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FE44AB0F1BA7FB3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405418" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" elevation="67" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" municipality="Treurenberg Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SMNH-126208, four fragments,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FCF1AB0F1D3FFB18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FCF1AB0F1D3FFB18" box="[789,1096,1134,1160]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" municipality="Treurenberg Bay" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
, 1861,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FB78AB0F1C2BFB19" box="[1180,1372,1134,1161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Treurenberg Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FA8DAB0E1869FB3C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">west Spitsbergen</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FECDABF31B35FB3D" box="[297,578,1170,1197]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FD70ABF31BA7FB3D" box="[660,720,1170,1197]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="67.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B393333FD70ABF31BA7FB3D" box="[660,720,1170,1197]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FD70ABF31BA7FB3D" box="[660,720,1170,1197]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="67.0">67 m</elevation>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FD34ABF21992FB65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405400" collectingDate="1864-06" collectorName="Svalbard & Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" elevation="55" latitude="79.166664" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Vaigattoyane" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
. SMNH-126585, one colony,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FBC5ABF31C25FB3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FBC5ABF31C25FB3C" box="[1057,1362,1170,1196]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" latitude="79.166664" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Vaigattoyane" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
, 1861,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FF73ABD61832FB40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FF73ABD61832FB40" box="[151,325,1206,1233]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" latitude="79.166664" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Vaigattoyane" name="Waygat Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Waygat Islands</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FEBCABD71886FB41" box="[344,497,1206,1233]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vaigattøyane</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FDE2ABD71BCEFB40" box="[518,697,1206,1232]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hinlopen Strait</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FD23ABD71A9EFB41" box="[711,1001,1206,1233]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FC13ABD91D00FB41" box="[1015,1143,1207,1235]" degrees="79" direction="north" minutes="10.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="79.166664">79°10.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FB61ABD91C76FB41" box="[1157,1281,1207,1235]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="00.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="19.0">19°00.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FABDABD71CE0FB41" box="[1369,1431,1206,1233]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="55.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FABDABD71CE0FB41" box="[1369,1431,1206,1233]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, stones.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FF08ABBB18DDFA89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405419" collectingDate="1864-06" collectorName="Safehaven; Isfjorden & Spitsbergen" county="Hinlopen Strait" elevation="55" latitude="79.166664" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Vaigattoyane" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SMNH-132267, four fragments of a single colony,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FCC9ABBB1D57FB64" box="[813,1056,1242,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spetsberg Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FBCFABBA1DD6FB64" box="[1067,1185,1242,1269]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1864-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FBCFABBA1DD6FB64" box="[1067,1185,1242,1269]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1864-06">June 1864</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FB49ABBB1C52FB64" box="[1197,1317,1242,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Safehaven</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FAD4ABBB1CEFFB64" box="[1328,1432,1242,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Isfjorden</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FF73AB9F1869FA88" box="[151,286,1278,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spitsbergen</collectorName>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FE8AAB9F18DDFA89" box="[366,426,1278,1305]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="55.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B393333FE8AAB9F18DDFA89" box="[366,426,1278,1305]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FE8AAB9F18DDFA89" box="[366,426,1278,1305]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</elevation>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FE4EAB9E1DC1FAAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405440" collectingDate="1861-08" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" elevation="50" latitude="79.166664" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Waygat Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
. SMNH-178050, two colony fragments,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FC96AB9F1DD6FA88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FC96AB9F1DD6FA88" box="[882,1185,1278,1304]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" latitude="79.166664" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Waygat Islands" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FB4EAB9F1C4BFA88" box="[1194,1340,1278,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1861-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FB4EAB9F1C4BFA88" box="[1194,1340,1278,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1861-08">August 1861</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FAA3AB9E199EFAAC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Waygat Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FF11AA4318D1FAAC" box="[245,422,1314,1340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hinlopen Strait</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B393333FE55AA431BBCFAAD" box="[433,715,1314,1341]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FD33AA451A23FAAD" box="[727,852,1315,1343]" degrees="79" direction="north" minutes="10.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="79.166664">79°10.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FC85AA451AADFAAD" box="[865,986,1315,1343]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="00.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="19.0">19°00.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FBC9AA431D1EFAAD" box="[1069,1129,1314,1341]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FBC9AA431D1EFAAD" box="[1069,1129,1314,1341]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rocks
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FB25AA431B50FA14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405352" collectingDate="1948-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="G. E. MacGinitie." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Beaufort Sea" elevation="100" location="Arctic Research Laboratory Collection" municipality="Alaska" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="USNM 11115" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FB25AA431C17FAAD" box="[1217,1376,1314,1341]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">USNM 11115</specimenCode>
|
||
, nine colony fragments,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FE80AA271A60FAF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FE80AA271A60FAF0" box="[356,791,1350,1376]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Beaufort Sea" municipality="Alaska" name="Arctic Research Laboratory Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arctic Research Laboratory Collection</location>
|
||
,?
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FCCEAA271AC9FAF0" box="[810,958,1350,1376]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1948-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FCCEAA271AC9FAF0" box="[810,958,1350,1376]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1948-08">August 1948</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FC2CAA271D29FAF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FC2CAA271D29FAF1" box="[968,1118,1350,1377]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Beaufort Sea" municipality="Alaska" name="Point Barrow" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Point Barrow</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FB82AA271DC0FAF0" box="[1126,1207,1350,1376]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alaska</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FB25AA271C23FAF0" box="[1217,1364,1350,1376]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Beaufort Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FF73AA0B199EFA15" box="[151,233,1386,1413]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.99" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="99.9">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FF73AA0B199EFA15" box="[151,233,1386,1413]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.99" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="99.9">99.9 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FE87AA0B1B50FA14" box="[355,551,1386,1412]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G.E. MacGinitie.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FDCBAA0B1DBFFA38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405460" collectingDate="1948-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="G. E. MacGinitie." country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Beaufort Sea" elevation="100" location="Arctic Research Laboratory Collection" municipality="Alaska" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="USNM 11148" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FDCBAA0B1BA7FA14" box="[559,720,1386,1412]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">USNM 11148</specimenCode>
|
||
, six colony fragments,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FC38AA0B1CEEFA14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FC38AA0B1CEEFA14" box="[988,1433,1386,1412]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Beaufort Sea" municipality="Alaska" name="Arctic Research Laboratory Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arctic Research Laboratory Collection</location>
|
||
,?
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FF45AAEF184EFA38" box="[161,313,1422,1448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1948-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FF45AAEF184EFA38" box="[161,313,1422,1448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1948-08">August 1948</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FEA3AAEF1897FA39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FEA3AAEF1897FA39" box="[327,480,1422,1449]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Beaufort Sea" municipality="Alaska" name="Point Barrow" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Point Barrow</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FE09AAEF1B49FA38" box="[493,574,1422,1448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alaska</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FDAFAAEF1B95FA38" box="[587,738,1422,1448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Beaufort Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FCD3AAEF1AFDFA39" box="[823,906,1422,1449]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.99" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="99.9">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FCD3AAEF1AFDFA39" box="[823,906,1422,1449]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.99" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="99.9">99.9 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FBE0AAEF1DBFFA38" box="[1028,1224,1422,1448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G.E. MacGinitie.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B393333FB35AAEF198EF984" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405421" collectingDate="1991-08-12" collectionCode="ZIRAS" collectorName="Sigsbee" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="61" latitude="58.373333" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-150.94667" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="ZIRAS 71" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B393333FB35AAEF1C32FA39" box="[1233,1349,1422,1449]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ZIRAS 71</specimenCode>
|
||
/50109, large bifoliate colony,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FE7EAAD3189BFA5C" box="[410,492,1458,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FE12AAD31B19FA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FE12AAD31B19FA5C" box="[502,622,1458,1484]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FD9FAAD21BE8FA5D" box="[635,671,1459,1485]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FD4DAAD31A05FA5D" box="[681,882,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FD4DAAD31A05FA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FD4DAAD31A05FA5D" box="[681,882,1458,1485]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="58.373333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-150.94667" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Akademik Oparin" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Akademik Oparin</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 14th
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FC5AAAD31D4BFA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FC5AAAD31D4BFA5C" box="[958,1084,1458,1484]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="58.373333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-150.94667" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Expedition" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FBADAAD31D19FA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FBADAAD31D19FA5C" box="[1097,1134,1458,1484]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="58.373333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-150.94667" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Stn" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stn</location>
|
||
15,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B393333FB41AAD31C2AFA5C" box="[1189,1373,1458,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1991-08-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B393333FB41AAD31C2AFA5C" box="[1189,1373,1458,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1991-08-12">12 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FF73AAB7184EFA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FF73AAB7184EFA60" box="[151,313,1494,1520]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Pacific Ocean" latitude="58.373333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-150.94667" municipality="Gulf of Alaska" name="Kodiak Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kodiak Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B393333FEA1AAB71898FA60" box="[325,495,1494,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gulf of Alaska</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B393333FE1FAAB71BEDFA60" box="[507,666,1494,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FD43AAB91A53FA61" box="[679,804,1495,1523]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="22.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="58.373333">58°22.4ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B393333FCD4AAB91AC8FA61" box="[816,959,1495,1523]" degrees="150" direction="west" minutes="56.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="92" value="-150.94667">150°56.8ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B393333FBF5AAB71D3AFA61" box="[1041,1101,1494,1521]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="61.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B393333FBF5AAB71D3AFA61" box="[1041,1101,1494,1521]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="61.0">61 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B393333FBBDAAB71DC7FA60" box="[1113,1200,1494,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sigsbee</collectorName>
|
||
trawl, collector A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FA67AAB71CEEFA60" box="[1411,1433,1494,1520]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B393333FF73AA9B198EF984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B3A332FFF73A9BE1D13FDAA:8EFFC4B90B393333FF73AA9B198EF984" box="[151,249,1530,1556]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" name="Smirnov" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Smirnov</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF23A97F1DB0F935" blockId="14.[151,1437,558,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF23A97F18CEF9A8" bold="true" box="[199,441,1566,1592]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B393333FE24A97F1B2DF9A8" box="[448,602,1566,1592]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">71 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. IMB Collection (1973) Stns 110/292, 150/385;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FB90A97E1DA7F9A9" box="[1140,1232,1567,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1988) Stns 148, 182, 326, 348, 380, 406; (1991) Stns 219, 226; (1992) Stns 5, 38, 53, 54, 55, 89, 99, 113, 117, 118, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 137, 146; (2008) Stn 1–K–1;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FD2BA9071A56F910" box="[719,801,1638,1664]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1991) Stns 14, 16, 17, 58; A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B393333FB1DA9071C78F910" box="[1273,1295,1638,1664]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Grischenko Collection (1991) Stn 17; KamchatNIRO Collection (2013) Stn 69 (see Appendix 1 for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B39332CFF23A9CF1BCFFE8C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF23A9CF1BE8F8A4" blockId="14.[151,1437,558,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF23A9CF1809F958" bold="true" box="[199,382,1710,1736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK 1899.5.1.273, locality unknown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B393333FC95A9CF1D72F959" box="[881,1029,1710,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3B, C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.80–1.43 (1.03 ± 0.14). ZW, 0.42–0.70 (0.53 ± 0.06). ZD, 0.50–0.55 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FD87A9B21B06F97C" box="[611,625,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.22–0.30 (0.27 ± 0.03). OrW, 0.25–0.37 (0.30 ± 0.03). OeL, 0.27–0.40 (0.34 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.37–0.50 (0.44 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.15–0.30 (0.21 ± 0.04). Av(ad)L, 0.32–0.67 (0.46 ± 0.09). P(m)N, 8–15 (10). P(oe)N, 9–14 (12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B393333FF23A85F1AB1F854" blockId="14.[151,1437,558,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
ZIRAS 71/50109, Kodiak Island, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B393333FD7AA85F1B98F8C8" box="[670,751,1854,1880]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B393333FC4CA85F1DD1F8C9" box="[936,1190,1854,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3A, D–F, H, J–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.71–1.08 (0.91 ± 0.10). ZW, 0.39–0.63 (0.50 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.47–0.51 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FD19A8021A7CF8EC" box="[765,779,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.22–0.31 (0.26 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.22–0.30 (0.26 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.27–0.35 (0.32 ± 0.02). OeW, 0.33–0.50 (0.43 ± 0.04). Av(s)L, 0.14–0.25 (0.19 ± 0.03). Av(ad)L, 0.29–0.45 (0.37 ± 0.04). P(m)N, 8–13 (11). P(oe)N, 10–17 (15) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FC8AA8CA1A0BF854" box="[878,892,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B39332DFF23A8AF1B57FEF5" blockId="14.[151,1437,558,2024]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B393333FF23A8AF182EF878" bold="true" box="[199,345,1998,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies initially encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar, but rapidly forming extensive bilamellar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B383332FF44AFF61857FF21" box="[160,288,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3A, M</figureCitation>
|
||
) ruffled vertical structures attaining up to 70 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B383332FCDFAFF71AFCFF21" box="[827,907,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||
in size; bright yellow when alive, light yellow when dried. Bilaminate parts of colony reaching thickness up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B383332FC61AFDB1A99FF45" box="[901,1006,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Colonies lacking complete accretion of adjoining layers, with narrow slit-like spaces present between them. Orientation of zooidal rows in apposed layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFF08AFDA1831FF45" box="[236,326,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) not entirely coinciding, with angles of 5–10° between them. Rates of development of zooids of apposed layers not fully synchronized, with one layer preceding another (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFC2DAFBE1D55FF69" box="[969,1058,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooids large, hexagonal to oval, comprising regular straight rows, packed in quincunx; demarcated by lateral and transverse walls, sometimes with fine sutures. Boundaries between zooids clearly visible in young parts of colony but obscured by secondary calcification in older parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFE73AE2A1B63FEF5" box="[407,532,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B383332FF73A921185DF874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" targetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B383332FF73A921185DF874" blockId="15.[151,1437,1600,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B383332FF73A9211865F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1600,1624]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B383332FEFCA9211BDAF9C8" authority="Lorenz, 1886" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[280,685,1600,1624]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B383332FEFCA9211B6AF9C8" box="[280,541,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B383332FDC7A9211BDAF9C8" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[547,685,1600,1624]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23AE0E1D1BFDF1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFE94AE0E1B68FE19" box="[368,543,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3A, D, E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) thickened, convex, smooth or with sparse fine granulation in young zooids and densely granular in older parts of colony, with round to elongate-oval and angular areolae along zooidal margins, separated by relatively long, narrow radially arranged interareolar ridges, some of which (distal as well as proximal) connected with cystid of suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFD79AEBA1A63FE65" box="[669,788,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Umbonuloid component occupying about 60% of length of frontal shield (58% in one measured zooid), with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFAD8AE9E1CF9FD89" box="[1340,1422,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ring scar discrete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFE8AAD4218B4FDAD" box="[366,451,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
|
||
), forming regular boundary between exterior-walled umbonuloid part with exterior-wall planar-spherulitic fabric and extra-umbonuloid part having interior wall microstructure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23AD0A1D7EFD61" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFE62AD0A188EFD15" box="[390,505,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3E, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) irregularly rounded to oval, often angular; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFD70ADEE1A45FD39" box="[660,818,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of orifice shallowly rounded, proximal margin concave with anvil-shaped or trapezoidal median lyrula. Condyles absent. Oral spines absent in majority of zooids, but two ephemeral oral spines occasionally evident in marginal zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23AD9A1B4AFC59" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFE7AAD9A1B6FFC85" box="[414,536,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
) round to oval or irregularly triangular in outline, cormidial, formed proximally by smooth distal part of frontal shield incorporating avicularian cystid. Frontal shield later forming very low, vertical collar-like extension surrounding secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFD0CAC221A14FCCD" box="[744,867,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially evident in ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFADDAC221CF8FCCD" box="[1337,1423,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Secondary orifice restricted distally and distolaterally by vertical walls of distal and lateral zooids. Outline of secondary orifice often changing during development of secondary calcification, acquiring an irregular oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFA8BACEA19CDFC59" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) or even roughly triangular shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23ACB21871FB79" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Suboral avicularian cystid relatively small, occupying one-third of zooidal frontal shield or less, conical, strongly elevated, abruptly narrowing terminally, with blunt tip, placed on left or on right side with respect to zooidal orifice; surface finely granular, with 3–5 communication pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFC38AB7A1D2FFBA5" box="[988,1112,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3B–E</figureCitation>
|
||
); avicularian frontal surface (rostral/postmandibular areas) situated on left or right slope of cystid, usually crossed by zooidal midline, facing obliquely laterally. Rostrum elongate-triangular or oval-like, with blunt apex and small, finely denticulate hook at rostral tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFEF6ABE618FDFB31" box="[274,394,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), directed medially or proximomedially upwards. Palate elongate-triangular to semielliptical. Palatal foramen large, conforming to shape of both rostrum and palate, opesia more or less semicircular. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23AB921A44FA75" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Large adventitious avicularium of similar form, developing on frontal shield of older zooids, occupying entire surface of zooid, sometimes extending to marginal area of neighbouring lateral zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFB90AA761D83FAA1" box="[1140,1268,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); cystid broad, strongly elevated, with finely granulated surface, frontal surface of avicularium facing distofrontally; rostrum elongate-triangular, blunt, with hooked tip, directed proximolaterally to proximally; palate and palatal foramen elongate-triangular to spatulate, with rounded distal end, opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete. In older parts of colony, adventitious avicularia and thick secondary calcification covering most of frontal surface, strongly changing appearance of zooids (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFE1FAAAA1BF9FA75" box="[507,654,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFD29AAAA1A51FA75" box="[717,806,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23AA8E1A99F8E1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Ovicells cleithral, hyperstomial in young zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFCEFAA8E1A12F999" box="[779,869,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), becoming subimmersed in older zooids due to secondary calcification arising from daughter and neighbouring zooids and covering ooecium. Further development of secondary calcification resulting in strong immersion, with brood chamber becoming similar to an endozooidal ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFF10A93A1805F9E5" box="[244,370,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium broader than long, proximal margin slightly concave. Ectooecium initially smooth, with scattered round, oval, or irregular pseudopores. In older zooids, sometimes slightly eroded and partly covered by finely granular secondary calcification, sometimes showing fine sutures demarcating calcification originating from different zooids; some peripheral pseudopores partly occluded by secondary calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFB2CA9A61C55F971" box="[1224,1314,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid from slit-like concavity with communication pore at bottom, situated in proximalmost part of frontal shield immediately distal to margin of maternal primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFBC5A86E1DEAF8B9" box="[1057,1181,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); communication pore leading to canal connecting ooecial and visceral coeloms, opening on underside of frontal shield of distal zooid as straight, slit-like communication pore very close to transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFC76A8361A97F8E1" box="[914,992,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B27332DFF23A81A1AA2F84D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by one or two mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFB71A81A1D81F805" box="[1173,1270,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually, two multiporous septula in basal half of transverse walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B27332DFD02A8FE1A48F829" box="[742,831,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes with additional individual/paired pores in between. Some transverse walls with one or three septula of various sizes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23AFF61B5CFF69" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Basal surface of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B26332CFE04AFF61B4FFF21" box="[480,568,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-54@15.[254,1333,237,1577]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. A, D–F, H, J–M. ZIRAS 71/50109 (Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Pacific Ocean). B, C, I. NHMUK 1899.5.1.273 (locality unknown). G. USNM 11148 (Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea). A. Growing margin of bilaminate erect part of colony, with one layer asynchronously encrusting opposite basal surface of another. B. Distal view of orifice of ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula and suboral avicularium. C. Suboral avicularium. D, E. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (in E, arrows indicate communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ooecia overgrown by the secondary calcification and large adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of ovicellate zooid, showing ooecium embedded in the secondary calcification and size difference between suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula. K. Basal surface of one lamina of bilaminate colony. L. Close-up of frontal shield interior, showing ring scar, exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component and ooecial communication pore (arrow). M. Zooidal lateral walls in bilaminate colony, showing mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, C, I, J, 100 μm; D–F, 250 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521129/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
) fully calcified, inflated, with sparse white spots; rare tubular protuberances present (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B26332CFF1EAFDA18D5FF45" box="[250,418,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), narrowing terminally. Boundaries between zooids recognizable basally by deep, slightly meandering incisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23AE631BCFFE8C" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" box="[199,696,258,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B26332CFF23AE4718C5FA95" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23AE471B70FE18" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF23AE47184CFED0" bold="true" box="[199,315,294,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE52AE461B2EFED1" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[438,601,294,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
interpreted
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD01AE471AFAFED0" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[741,909,294,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt’s (1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 28) figures 186–188 as depicting his new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFF14AE2A1816FEF4" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[240,353,330,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF14AE2A1876FEF4" box="[240,257,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFEF4AE2A1816FEF4" box="[272,353,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and gave his own image (pl. 7, fig. 11), we doubt whether he correctly attributed the specimen for Smitt’s fig. 188 to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFE74AE0F1B77FE17" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[400,512,366,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFE74AE0F18D6FE17" box="[400,417,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFE4BAE0F1B77FE17" box="[431,512,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23AEF31DFBFC54" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
In the general appearance of zooids and the particular combination of 1) an elevated, conical suboral avicularium and 2) strongly protruding adventitious avicularia that occupy the entire surface of the frontal shield and have an elongate-triangular rostrum with a hooked tip, this species strongly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFBC0AEBB1DEBFE63" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1060,1180,473,499]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBC0AEBB1D42FE63" box="[1060,1077,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBA2AEBB1DEBFE63" box="[1094,1180,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this resemblance has resulted in many instances of misidentification of both species (see the synonymy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFBBCAE9C1DBAFD86" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1112,1229,509,535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBBCAE9C1D1EFD86" box="[1112,1129,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFB93AE9C1DBAFD86" box="[1143,1229,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFF73AD40187EFDAA" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,265,545,571]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF73AD4019DFFDAA" box="[151,168,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF5CAD40187EFDAA" box="[184,265,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFE1DAD401B07FDAA" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[505,624,545,571]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFE1DAD401B7DFDAA" box="[505,522,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFDFEAD401B07FDAA" box="[538,624,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: 1) the proximal border of the primary orifice always has a central lyrula in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFEAAAD2418CAFDCE" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[334,445,581,607]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFEAAAD241828FDCE" box="[334,351,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFE88AD2418CAFDCE" box="[364,445,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas there is only a small median prominence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFBF5AD241DF1FDCE" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1041,1158,581,607]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBF5AD241D55FDCE" box="[1041,1058,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBD4AD241DF1FDCE" box="[1072,1158,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(if an equivalent process develops in the latter species, it is always broad and very shallow); 2) the lateral margins of the secondary orifice are even in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFF0BADED1829FD35" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[239,350,652,678]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF0BADED1877FD35" box="[239,256,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFEE9ADED1829FD35" box="[269,350,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but have tall, symmetrical triangular lappets in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFC95ADED1A92FD35" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[881,997,652,678]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFC95ADED1AF5FD35" box="[881,898,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFC6BADED1A92FD35" box="[911,997,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) the palate in adventitious avicularia is elongate-triangular to spatulate, with a rounded tip, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFCC0ADD11AE1FD59" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[804,918,688,714]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFCC0ADD11A42FD59" box="[804,821,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFCA1ADD11AE1FD59" box="[837,918,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is strictly elongate-triangular and acute in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFF18ADB51803FD7D" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[252,372,723,749]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF18ADB5187AFD7D" box="[252,269,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFEFAADB51803FD7D" box="[286,372,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 4) the ridges separating areolae reach only the sides of the suboral avicularian cystid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFA60ADB5199FFC80" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFA60ADB51CE2FD7D" box="[1412,1429,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF73AD96199FFC80" box="[151,232,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but continue to the cystid apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFD62AD961B89FC80" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[646,766,759,785]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD62AD961BE0FC80" box="[646,663,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD4CAD961B89FC80" box="[680,766,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, giving a very characteristic costate pattern to the frontal shield exterior; 5) ovicells are initially prominent, but the ooecium is rapidly overgrown by secondary calcification proceeding from surrounding zooids, leaving only the central area of ectooecium free in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFB6CAC5E1D8EFCC8" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1160,1273,831,857]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFB6CAC5E1DEEFCC8" box="[1160,1177,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFB4CAC5E1D8EFCC8" box="[1192,1273,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas they remain exposed and not covered by calcification in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFD35AC021A33FCEC" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[721,836,866,892]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD35AC021B95FCEC" box="[721,738,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD0AAC021A33FCEC" box="[750,836,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6) colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFC0BAC021D29FCEC" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1007,1118,866,892]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFC0BAC021D77FCEC" box="[1007,1024,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBE9AC021D29FCEC" box="[1037,1118,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are initially encrusting, later producing erect parts, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFDB4ACE71BB3FC0F" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[592,708,902,928]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFDB4ACE71B16FC0F" box="[592,609,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD8AACE71BB3FC0F" box="[622,708,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are solely encrusting; and 7) numerous protuberances develop on the basal surface of zooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFE00ACCB1B23FC53" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[484,596,938,964]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFE00ACCB1882FC53" box="[484,501,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFDE7ACCB1B23FC53" box="[515,596,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wheras these protuberances are rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFBF1ACCB1DF2FC53" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1045,1157,938,964]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBF1ACCB1D51FC53" box="[1045,1062,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBD0ACCB1DF2FC53" box="[1076,1157,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23ACAC1B4DFB0A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Canu & Bassler (1928) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFDA8ACAC1ADBFC77" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[588,940,973,999]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFDA8ACAC1ADBFC77" box="[588,940,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhamphostomella magnirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cedar Keys, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B26332CFB0CACAC1C4BFC77" box="[1256,1340,973,999]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B26332CFF73AC90199AFB9B" box="[151,237,1009,1035]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
(about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B26332CFEA1AC9318B4FB9B" box="[325,451,1009,1037]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="05.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="92" value="29.083334">29°05.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B26332CFE2BAC931B24FB9B" box="[463,595,1009,1037]" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="04.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="92" value="-83.066666">83°04.0ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), pointing out the obvious resemblance of their new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFAC0AC931CE2FB9B" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1316,1429,1009,1035]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFAC0AC931C42FB9B" box="[1316,1333,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFAA0AC931CE2FB9B" box="[1348,1429,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our SEM examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B26332CFE16AB741B3EFBBF" box="[498,585,1045,1071]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFD0DAB741AEEFBBE" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[745,921,1045,1071]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD0DAB741B8DFBBE" box="[745,762,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFCEFAB741AEEFBBE" box="[779,921,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">magnirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 7579) clearly indicated that it is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFA60AB74199FFBC2" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFA60AB741CE2FBBE" box="[1412,1429,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF73AB58199FFBC2" box="[151,232,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B26332CFF13AB591803FBC3" box="[247,372,1080,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,181,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[228,1360,181,1699]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 31. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species.A, B. Rhamphostomella scabra (Fabricius, 1824). Neotype, SMNH- Type-9304 (Hammerfest, Norway, North Atlantic Ocean). C, D. Desmacystis sandalia (Robertson, 1900) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra orientalis Kluge, 1961). Holotype, ZIRAS 1/8801 (Cape Vkhodnoy Reef, Bering Island, Pacific Ocean). E, F. Rhamphostomella sollers (Canu & Bassler, 1929) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra). Syntype, USNM 8136 (Cape Tsiuka, Sangar Strait, Sea of Japan). G. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92531 (Jan Mayen). H, I. Rhamphostomella magnirostris (Canu & Bassler, 1928) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella costata). Syntype, USNM 7579 (Cedar Keys, western Florida, Gulf of Mexico). J, K. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1576A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). Scale bars: A, B, J, K, 500 µm; C–I, 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544591/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 31H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). One explanation for the presence of a boreal-Arctic species in the tropical Caribbean is that it was introduced, but it is more likely that the specimen was collected in the Arctic/boreal region of North America and subsequently mistakenly labeled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23ABC218C5FA95" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The Canadian Museum of Nature contains a dried specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFC43ABC51D6EFB2D" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[935,1049,1188,1214]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFC43ABC51ACFFB2D" box="[935,952,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFC2CABC51D6EFB2D" box="[968,1049,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B26332CFB87ABC21C50FB2D" box="[1123,1319,1187,1213]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
identified by O’Donoghue (Cat. No. – CMNI 1988-0286, False Narrows), but unfortunately, we were unable to examine the specimen or images of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B26332CFF23AA6E1A00F990" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332CFF23AA6E1A00F990" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF23AA6E185BFAB9" bold="true" box="[199,300,1295,1321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFED0AA6E1B20FAB8" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[308,599,1295,1321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFED0AA6E1B20FAB8" box="[308,599,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported over a depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B26332CFBCCAA6E1DF9FAB9" box="[1064,1166,1295,1321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" metricValueMax="3.08" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="154.0" valueMax="308.0" valueMin="0.0">0–308 m</quantity>
|
||
, predominantly on hard bottoms (including rocky plateaus, silty rocky platforms, crevices and vertical surfaces), inhabiting rocky substrates such as boulders, blocks, and pebbles). Colonies also encrust bivalve and gastropod mollusc shells, polychaete tubes, hydroids, barnacles and other bryozoans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFD16AA1B1A88FA04" baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[754,1023,1402,1428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Dendrobeania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFD16AA1B1A88FA04" box="[754,1023,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dendrobeania fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFBEBAA1B1C41FA04" baseAuthorityName="Kluge" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1039,1334,1402,1428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Celleporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nordenskjoldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFBEBAA1B1C41FA04" box="[1039,1334,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Celleporina nordenskjoldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and are occasionally found on flexible substrates such as the thalli of laminarian and red algae. Large, erect parts of colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFF50AAA31854FA4B" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[180,291,1474,1500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF50AAA319B2FA4B" box="[180,197,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF36AAA31854FA4B" box="[210,291,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in turn provide a niche for a diverse epibiotic community, including hydrozoans, spirorbid polychaetes, other bryozoans, ascidians and amphipod and isopod crustaceans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B26332FFF2BA9681D13FDAA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B26332FFF2BA9681D13FDAA" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,571]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFF2BA968181FF9B3" bold="true" box="[207,360,1545,1571]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This boreal-Arctic, circumpolar, sublittoral to upper bathyal species is widely distributed in the seas of the Northern Hemisphere. Arctic records include the Barents Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC16A94C1DC6F9D7" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1010,1201,1581,1607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref92835" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1896) Systematisk Fortegnelse over de i Norge hidtil observerede arter af marine Polyzoa. I. Cheilostomata. Bergens Museums Aarborg 1894 - 1895, 2, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1896">Nordgaard 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB5BA94C1D8DF9D7" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1215,1274,1581,1607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref92872" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1900) Polyzoa. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 1876 - 1878, Zoology, 27, 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58194" type="journal article" year="1900">1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAECA94C1C38F9D7" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1288,1359,1581,1607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="503 - 567" refId="ref92985" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1907 a) Bryozoaires. In: Grieg, M. G. (Ed.), Memoire de Invertebres du Fond. Duc d'Orlean, Croisiere Oceanographique Accomplie a Bord de la Belgica dans la Mer du Gronland 1905. s. n., Bruxelles, pp. 503 - 567." type="book chapter" year="1907">1907a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAB9A94C1CEFF9D7" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1373,1432,1581,1607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref93080" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1912) Bryozoaires. Duc d'Orleans Campagne Arctiques de 1907. Charles Bulens, Bruxelles, 43 pp." type="book" year="1912">1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF73A93019A5F9FB" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,210,1617,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF07A93118D6F9FB" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[227,417,1616,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE54A931188DF9FA" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[432,506,1616,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="249 - 263" refId="ref86413" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 b) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Untersuchungsfahrt des Deutschen Seefischerei-Vereins nach der Bareninsel und Westspitzbergen, ausgefurt im Sommer 1898 auf S. M. S ' Olga'. III. Die Bryozoen. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Neue Folge, 4, 249 - 263." type="journal article" year="1900">1900b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFDEDA9301BEAF9FB" author="Waters, A. W." box="[521,669,1617,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="43 - 105" refId="ref96153" refString="Waters, A. W. (1900) Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, 1896 - 1897. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Series, 28, 43 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 01745. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Waters 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD48A9311A1DF9FB" author="Andersson, K. A." box="[684,874,1616,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref86065" refString="Andersson, K. A. (1902) Bryozoen, wahrend der schwedischen Expeditionen 1898 und 1899 unter Leitung von Professor A. G. Nathorst und 1900 unter Leitung von Conservator G. Kolthoff gesammelt. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 15, 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="1902">Andersson 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC9EA9301D6BF9FB" author="Norman, A. M." box="[890,1052,1617,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="567 - 598" refId="ref93254" refString="Norman, A. M. (1903) Notes on the natural history of East Finnmark. Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 11, 567 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678717" type="journal article" year="1903">Norman 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFBC9A9311DCFF9FA" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1069,1208,1616,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 55" refId="ref90813" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1906) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Untersuchungsfahrt des Deutschen Seefischerei-Vereins nach der Bareninsel und Westspitzbergen, ausgefurt im Sommer 1898 auf S. M. S. ' Olga'. VIII. Erganzungsbericht uber die von der ' Olga' - Expedition gesammelten Bryozoen. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, Neue Folge, 8, 31 - 55." type="journal article" year="1906">Kluge 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB23A9311C75F9FB" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1223,1282,1616,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="376 - 393" refId="ref90985" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1915) Bryozoa. In: Derjugin, K. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kolsky Gulf and Conditions of its Existence. Zapiski Academii Nauk, Series 8, 34, 376 - 393. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1915">1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAF6A9311C3AF9FA" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1298,1357,1616,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAB8A9311CE0F9FB" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1372,1431,1616,1643]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF73A9141825F91E" author="Kuznetsov, V. V." box="[151,338,1652,1679]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="114 - 139" refId="ref92017" refString="Kuznetsov, V. V. (1941) The dynamic of the biocenoses Microporella ciliata in the Barents Sea. Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 7, 114 - 139. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1941">Kuznetsov 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFEBBA9151B6EF91E" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[351,537,1652,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFDC1A9151B16F91E" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[549,609,1652,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), White Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD1EA9151AF8F91E" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[762,911,1652,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="515 - 540" refId="ref90905" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 515 - 540." type="journal article" year="1908">
|
||
Kluge 1908
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC66A9151AF8F91E" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[898,911,1652,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="253 - 258" refId="ref91035" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1928) Bryozoa. In: Derjugin, K. (Ed.), Fauna of the White Sea and Conditions of its Existence. Issledovanija Morey USSR, 7 - 8, 253 - 258. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1928">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1928;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC07A9151DB1F91F" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[995,1222,1652,1679]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB36A9151C7AF91E" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1234,1293,1652,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grishankov 1995; Ostrovsky 2009, 2013), Kara Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD83A9F91A65F922" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[615,786,1688,1714]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="305 - 328" refId="ref92159" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1887) Bryozoer fra Kara-Havet. Dijmphna Togtets Zoologisk Botanisk Udbytte, KjObenhavn, 1887, 305 - 328." type="journal article" year="1887">Levinsen 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFCFAA9F91AD1F922" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[798,934,1688,1714]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC55A9F91A9BF923" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[945,1004,1688,1715]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2021), Laptev Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAB2A9F919A5F946" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF05A9DD186BF946" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[225,284,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFECEA9DA1812F946" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[298,357,1723,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE91A9DD1B7EF946" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[373,521,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref88325" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1990) Bryozoa of the Laptev Sea and New Siberian shoals. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 37, 130 - 138. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1990">Gontar 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East Siberian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD19A9DD1ACBF946" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[765,956,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref93180" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1929) Bryozoa. The Norwegian Northern Polar Expedition with the " Maud " 1918 - 1925. Scientific Results, 5, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Nordgaard 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC28A9DD1D21F946" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[972,1110,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB80A9DD1DE8F946" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1124,1183,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB4AA9DA1D9EF946" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1198,1257,1723,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB1CA9DD1CEFF946" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1272,1432,1724,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref88494" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1994 a) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa in the coastal waters of the Chuan Bay of the East Siberian Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 47, 144 - 147. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1994">Gontar 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF73A9BE1996F969" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[151,225,1759,1785]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="104 - 106" refId="ref88544" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1994 b) Phylum Tentaculata, class Bryozoa. Systematical composition of macrobenthos of the ecosystems of the Chuan Bay of the East-Siberian Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 47, 104 - 106. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF09A9BE18DFF96A" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[237,424,1759,1786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref87374" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2011) Bryozoans of the East Siberian Sea: History of research and current knowledge of diversity. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="2011">Denisenko 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Chukchi Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFDB8A9BE1B92F96A" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[604,741,1759,1786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD15A9BE1A5BF969" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[753,812,1759,1785]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFCDCA9BE1A04F96A" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[824,883,1759,1786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFBACA9BE1CE0F96A" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[1096,1431,1759,1786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF73A862185FF88D" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[151,296,1795,1821]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD3FA8621A05F88E" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[731,882,1795,1822]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">Osburn 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB38A8621CEFF88D" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1244,1432,1795,1821]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF73A84619A5F8D1" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,210,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref93180" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1929) Bryozoa. The Norwegian Northern Polar Expedition with the " Maud " 1918 - 1925. Scientific Results, 5, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF39A8461806F8D1" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[221,369,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="363 - 376" refId="ref93686" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1932) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay, 6. Bryozoa of Hudson Bay and Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7, 363 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 32 - 029" type="journal article" year="1932">Osburn 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE9FA84618C0F8D2" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[379,439,1831,1858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baffin Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFDB6A8461B9DF8D2" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[594,746,1831,1858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hudson Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC71A8461DB6F8D1" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[917,1217,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Labrador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAACA8461996F8F6" author="Osburn, R. C." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref93572" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 b) Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, collected by Dr. Owen Bryant. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43, 275 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1933.275" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE75A82A1B6BF8F5" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[401,540,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFDCEA82B1B12F8F5" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[554,613,1866,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD97A82A1A7AF8F6" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[627,781,1867,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B26332CFC60A82A1A8EF8F5" box="[900,1017,1867,1893]" name="Greenland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFBEEA82A1DEDF8F5" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[1034,1178,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFB4DA82A1C3EF8F5" author="Norman, A. M." box="[1193,1353,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="90 - 93" refId="ref93300" refString="Norman, A. M. (1906) Greenlandic Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 17, 90 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930608562494" type="journal article" year="1906">Norman 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFABCA82A1996F818" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="546 - 554" refId="ref90946" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 b) Zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen von West-Gronland. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 546 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF0BA80F18F1F818" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[239,390,1902,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="603 - 624" refId="ref93627" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1919) Bryozoa of the Crocker Land Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41, 603 - 624." type="journal article" year="1919">Osburn 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE70A80F18B8F818" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[404,463,1902,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE3AA80F1A6FF818" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[478,792,1902,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B26332CFC63A80F1A8BF818" box="[903,1020,1902,1928]" name="Greenland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFBE9A80F1DBBF818" author="Andersson, K. A." box="[1037,1228,1902,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref86065" refString="Andersson, K. A. (1902) Bryozoen, wahrend der schwedischen Expeditionen 1898 und 1899 unter Leitung von Professor A. G. Nathorst und 1900 unter Leitung von Conservator G. Kolthoff gesammelt. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 15, 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="1902">Andersson 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF73A8F3189BF83C" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[151,492,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE1FA8F31A43F83C" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[507,820,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B26332CFCAFA8F21D62F83C" box="[843,1045,1938,1965]" name="Jan Mayen Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Jan Mayen Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFBC3A8F31DC9F83D" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[1063,1214,1938,1965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Franz-Jozef Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFF7BA8D7182DF840" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[159,346,1974,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Spitsbergen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFE1AA8D71BBBF840" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[510,716,1974,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFDB0A8D61BF3F840" box="[596,644,1974,2000]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD33A8D71AE3F840" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[727,916,1974,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFC00A8D71C70F840" author="Kuklinski, P. & Bader, B." box="[996,1287,1974,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="835 - 843" refId="ref91888" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Bader, B. (2007 b) Comparison of bryozoan assemblages from two contrasting Arctic shelf regions. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73, 835 - 843. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2007.03.024" type="journal article" year="2007">Kuklinski & Bader 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFAF6A8D71857F864" author="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="489 - 500" refId="ref91939" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D. (2009) Mineralogy of Arctic bryozoan skeletons in a global context. Facies, 55, 489 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 009 - 0179 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Kuklinski & Taylor 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B26332CFE26A8BB1B6BF864" box="[450,540,2010,2036]" name="Norway" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFDCEA8B81B91F864" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[554,742,2009,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B26332CFD14A8BB1A5BF864" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[752,812,2010,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Atlantic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B26332CFB60A8BB1D83F863" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1156,1268,2010,2036]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFB60A8BB1DE2F863" box="[1156,1173,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B26332CFB47A8BB1D83F863" box="[1187,1268,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Gulf of St Lawrence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE54AFF61B35FF21" author="Hincks, T." box="[432,578,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFDA8AFF61A76FF21" author="Whiteaves, J." box="[588,769,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref96322" refString="Whiteaves, J. (1901) Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 271 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 216086" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Gulf of Maine southwards to Cape Cod and Woods Hole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFF38AFDB1809FF44" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[220,382,186,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="205 - 265" refId="ref93525" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 a) The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 205 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1325" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE6DAFDB18B3FF44" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[393,452,186,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="291 - 385" refId="ref93738" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1933) Bryozoa of the Mount Desert Region. In: Procter, W. (Ed.), Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 291 - 385." type="book chapter" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE2BAFDB1B1AFF44" author="Powell, N. A." box="[463,621,186,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="247 - 259" refId="ref94799" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 b) Studies on Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of the Bay of Fundy Region. 2. Bryozoa from fifty fathoms, Bay of Fundy. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 9, 247 - 259." type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFD9CAFDB1AE2FF44" author="Ryland, J. S. & Hayward, P. J." box="[632,917,186,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref95170" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Hayward, P. J. (1991) Erect Bryozoa. Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern United States. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 99, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Hayward 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Pacific, it is known from the Bering Sea, including Chaplin Cape, Chukotsky Cape, St Lawrence Island, Anadyrsky Gulf, Navarin Cape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFF7BAE63185EFE8C" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[159,297,258,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grischenko 2002), Korfa Gulf (our data), Litke Strait (our data), Africa Cape, Avacha Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFAB2AE6319A5FEAF" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grischenko 2002; our data), Commander Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCEDAE441ABAFED0" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[777,973,293,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002); Sea of Okhotsk along the western Kamchatka shelf and slope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE29AE281BE7FEF4" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[461,656,329,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="37 - 42" refId="ref89915" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2015) To the cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the continental slope of western Kamchatka. In: Tokranov, A. M. (Ed.), Conservation of Biodiversity of Kamchatka and Coastal Waters: Materials of 16 th International Scientific Conference. Kamchatpress, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, pp. 37 - 42. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2015">Grischenko 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our data), eastern coast of southern Sakhalin Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFB32AE281CE0FEF4" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1238,1431,329,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFAC5AE2B1C26FEF3" box="[1313,1361,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFF73AE0C186AFE18" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,285,365,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Aniva Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE5EAE0C1B36FE18" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[442,577,365,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shantar Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCA2AE0C1AB9FE18" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[838,974,365,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Kuril Islands, including Paramushir and Shikotan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFEECAEF018F8FE3B" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[264,399,401,427]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE7EAEF01B5EFE3B" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[410,553,401,427]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">Gontar 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and South Kuril Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCD8AEF01D77FE3C" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[828,1024,401,428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFC63AEF31AC0FE3B" box="[903,951,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B25332FFBBAAEF01DD6FE3B" box="[1118,1185,401,427]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including Tatar Strait, western shore of the southern Sakhalin Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFD45AED51A17FE5F" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[673,864,436,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="90 - 204" refId="ref86122" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1958) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata of the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 5, 90 - 204. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Androsova 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFC8FAED51D58FE5F" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[875,1071,436,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFC52AED41A90FE5E" box="[950,999,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFBDFAED51DB6FE5F" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1083,1217,436,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), northern Primorje (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFF7BAEB91850FE62" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[159,295,472,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFED6AEB818AEFE62" author="Tarasova, N. A." box="[306,473,472,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref95661" refString="Tarasova, N. A. (1983) Fauna of bryozoans of the northeastern Sea of Japan. Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Far East State University, Vladivostok, USSR, 48 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1983">Tarasova 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B25332FFE09AEB91B2CFE62" box="[493,603,472,498]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFD8EAEB91A6EFE63" author="Mawatari, S." box="[618,793,472,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="582 - 633" refId="ref92633" refString="Mawatari, S. (1965) Phylum Tentaculata. In: Okada, Y., Uchida, S. & Uchida, T. (Eds.), New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan. Hokuryu-Kan, Tokyo, pp. 582 - 633. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1965">Mawatari 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCC1AEB91D15FE62" author="Mawatari, S. F. & Mawatari, S." box="[805,1122,472,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="41 - 58" refId="ref92687" refString="Mawatari, S. F. & Mawatari, S. (1981) A preliminary list of cheilostomatous bryozoans collected along the coast of Hokkaido. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 21, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">Mawatari & Mawatari 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northeastern Pacific this species is known from Cook Inlet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFDA8AE9D1B93FD87" author="Kessler, D. W." box="[588,740,508,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref90781" refString="Kessler, D. W. (1985) Alaska's Saltwater Fishes and Other Sea Life: A Field Guide. Alaska Northwest Publications, Anchorage, Alaska, 358 pp." type="book" year="1985">Kessler 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFD0BAE9C1A01FD86" author="Foster, N. R." box="[751,886,508,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and near Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFAA3AE9D1867FDAA" author="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref87737" refString="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P. (1986) Intertidal cheilostome bryozoans in rock-pile habitat at Narrow Strait, Kodiak, Alaska. In: Nielsen, C. & Larwood, G. P. (Eds.), Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, pp. 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1986">Dick & Ross 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFEFFAD411821FDAA" author="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P." box="[283,342,544,570]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref87805" refString="Dick, M. H. & Ross, J. R. P. (1988) Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak Vicinity, Alaska. Occasional Paper: Center for Pacific Northwest Studies. Western Washington University, 23, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our data) south to Puget Sound (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFD2EAD411D20FDAA" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[714,1111,543,570]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="75 - 108" refId="ref93431" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1925) List of Bryozoa from the vicinity of Puget Sound. Publications of Puget Sound Biological Station, 5, 75 - 108." type="journal article" year="1925">O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |