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<mods:title id="56CBF31D2B2FF2CBF126FF3BF548B9B4">Revision of the genus Menevia Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the description of 11 new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="EDC60B4DD8EC074185DCC94C0D9E65CB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127862327" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EDC60B4DD8EC074185DCC94C0D9E65CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDC60B4DD8EC074185DCC94C0D9E65CB" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<subSubSection id="5A938071B7C0F8286B55C6B1CCAA26CE" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C8ADEE5F34C948BA78F0F41BA2E21AC9" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Mimallonidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="985E502BE8B6136151CD1EEBDDAB56BC" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="163E1F4009918F6C2AF0392ECA9E15C6" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="CA0A12E127337FF11901F2061C20ECD0" ID-CoL="3ZQHK" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata (Walker, 1855)</taxonomicName>
Figs 42-44, 52, 53, 83, 84, 98; Map 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CC40D6EDDFBFE4047B8098EEED4CB3A" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="853259B8B5428CE063BA9FAFC5A4E7A3" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="12D0C6A825FFF84C16440B68B4A555C5" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Mimallo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimallo plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Mimallo plagiata</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1855: 1341
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="884718E2C2E473D777E3A39DA39B7A67" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="3284158C8093E617D485A85C632A243C" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Perophora plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5AEDC695099CAF42A7CF95065133BD4B" author="Raymundo, B" journalOrPublisher="Typographia Revista dos Tribunaes, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Noticia sobre alguns Lepidopteros serigenos do Brasil" year="1919">Raymundo 1919</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DEE41B55BBFD2BC8B0CE32EF0E4D638" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="F45EF7E0F76B3451FA62A08DE3B5DE7B" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1F34ED818AE36FE5B4C9471B54DD6E25" author="Schaus, W" editor="Seitz, A" journalOrPublisher="A. Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" pagination="635 - 672" title="Familie Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwaermer" year="1928">Schaus 1928</bibRefCitation>
: fig. ♀ 88g
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFAB84B09338D8E7B33D23A35C1121E0" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="AD049F2529B20484B7239AD65AADDB80" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Perophora plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="97EFC7D6FA08689730B9BC7A0EC92365" author="Monte, O" journalOrPublisher="Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Borboletas que vivem em plantas cultivadas." volumeTitle="Boletim de Agricultura, Zootecnica e Veterinaria" year="1934">Monte 1934</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58802643DCB73C575EC0FFBCEE38EE7A" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="6B164CD42C26A5279D95CD0E994C4DE9" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2B1293622AB900CF76B61691EA9BFFAF" author="Lima, AMC" journalOrPublisher="Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Insetos do Brasil. Lepidopteros, Tomo VI (Parte II)." year="1950">Lima 1950</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BB74B88441C63010F698E071B060A7A" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="192A0F81CAB9FB6A71A6FA3DE8AAC705" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="240A4F819205D5B3E13A166548A3721E" author="Silva, AGD" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="Quarto catalogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil: seus parasitas e predadores" year="1968">Silva et al. 1968</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C00EC26094AEA719085B1AD8F165B3F2" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="DE5B08F2871EA1BD040DE718E282C7E0" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0A7BB346F1CFFD6BB574B69935023998" author="Becker, VO" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" pagination="17 - 19" title="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist. Part 4 B. Drepanoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea" year="1996">Becker 1996</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FFDB19A7203C58A6EB37A0DF3ECC5EAE" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="68D33159AC98C0ABC25E5A1D51AC8324" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D1EAA7BEF8897BC692083816E596EFFD" author="Mecke, R" journalOrPublisher="Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" pagination="165 - 172" title="Insetos e acaros associados a Araucariaangustifolia (Araucariaceae, Coniferae) no sul do Brasil." volume="88" year="2000">Mecke et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871F6A6FEF72ED729DC4814A8E4A9F26" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="9B3F389881EA530D949A68394347A0C5" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1B6BA7419E15593EBA46223CE78FAE22" author="Pastrana, JA" editor="Braun, K" journalOrPublisher="Sociedad Entomologica Argentina ediciones, Buenos Aires" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Los Lepidopteros Argentinos. Sus plantas hospedadoras y otros sustratos alimenticios." year="2004">Pastrana 2004</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9890736164651047110A3C802C410B3B" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="5640669EE28DC68CE1280F05B19B148E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0233A2DC46E00D42D6D9F7AF25BA99A3" author="Herbin, D" journalOrPublisher="Antenor" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" pagination="130 - 152" title="Preliminary list of Mimallonidae from Feira Nova do Maranhao, Maranhao, northern Brazil with descriptions of some new species (LepidopteraHeteroceraMimallonoidea)." volume="1" year="2014">Herbin and Mielke 2014</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C294E720984F808AC2DF2C7097D721CE" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" type="type material">
<paragraph id="56C99BD7C80E297DD04A5D9C71A95878" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B25AB31897F1B07099D3025F2F2FA08F" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">Holotype, ♂, presumed lost/destroyed. Type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (see remarks).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18921070B6F26F58BB50A51020686582" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
Neotype (here designated), ♂: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro Ste., Teresopolis [
<normalizedToken id="975A2DE997FC3D4AFEF587A466686CE1" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
], 13-22.iii.1958, H.B.D. Kettlewell, B.M. 1958-273/ NEOTYPE male
<taxonomicName id="2C294ECBF6312CDE04E0A0B230836D8D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Mimallo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimallo plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Mimallo plagiata</taxonomicName>
designated by St Laurent and Dombroskie 2016/ BMNH(E) 1378747/ St. Laurent diss.: 9-2-15:1/ (NHMUK). New type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro:
<normalizedToken id="5A40F4552EBC0045A5A32ACF5D0A7AD9" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EAFAAC6595E7C5BB658137F5AA201DDB" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" type="additional specimens examined">
<paragraph id="75064372BF8DAC23BFF10D36401CAF60" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1766F70818AA8EB14C87CC1A70A94ED6" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
(10 ♂, 19 ♀ total) BRAZIL:
<normalizedToken id="A4ABCBB77D33D8F5FFB51E20B1865471" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo: 3 ♀, Santa Teresa: 20.XI.1966, 18.XII.1966, Elias leg. (DZUP); XII.1966, C. &amp; C.T. Elias (DZUP). Pernambuco: 1 ♂, Serra de Communaty [southeastern Pernambuco]: 1.II.1893, E. Gounelle, Ex.
<normalizedToken id="969A102580F3AF3A376E07727F0D9025" originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-3, ex. Joicey Coll. Brit. Mus. 1925-157, BMNH(E) 1378748, St. Laurent diss.: 6-29-15:12 (NHMUK). 1 ♀, Canhotinho: 19.VII.1991, Cardoso leg., ex.
<normalizedToken id="5540BDD373D69BF5EFC4B4B44B014C01" originalValue="coleção">colecao</normalizedToken>
A. Cardoso, No. 5467 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: 3 ♂,
<normalizedToken id="AD0F8DA06E6C580305B375E609466E5F" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
: 13-22.III.1958, H.B.D. Kettlewell, B.M. 1958-273, BMNH(E) 1378746, 1378751, 1378752, St. Laurent diss.: 6-29-15:13, 6-29-15:14 (NHMUK). 3 ♂, 4 ♀,
<normalizedToken id="674CD0A6DB426E9A2EDA85C2665EC780" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
: 2.XII.1875, 10.XII.1875, 29.III.1876, Joicey Bequest, Brit. Mus. 1934-120, BMNH(E) 1378749, St. Laurent diss.: 6-29-15:15 (NHMUK); 10.IV.1928, 6.IV.1959, 26.IV.1960, 23.X.1964, Gagarin leg., ex. col. Gagarin (DZUP). 1 ♂,
<normalizedToken id="7224DDD038FB1783B27EF9ADEB840E90" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="239EA21EF0E771F3528F20E966967816" originalValue="Independência">Independencia</normalizedToken>
: 21.IX.1939, Gagarin leg., ex. col. Gagarin (DZUP). 1 ♀, Mendes, 92 km from Rio de Janeiro: Collection Le Moult, Joicey Coll. Brit. Mus. 1925-157 (NHMUK). 2 ♀, Corcovado, 800 ft: II.1910, 2.II.1910, E.D. Jones, E.D. Jones coll. 1919-295, [1 ♀ is the
<normalizedToken id="B9E06469360EC8A34DE15D71129BE0D5" originalValue="“type”">&quot;type&quot;</normalizedToken>
of manuscript name
<taxonomicName id="CA0421A40E956595C42F02B302CF3C5A" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perophora</taxonomicName>
‡
<taxonomicName id="FC22165E8A8406593EB10200794E13ED" lsidName="superba" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
D. Jones, BMNH(E) 805425] (NHMUK). 2 ♀, Eugenho de Dentro, E.F.C.B.: 1.I.1947, 4.I.1947, ex. pupa, Nelson Almeida, No. 19.174, 19.175 ex. coll.
<normalizedToken id="60867EB2D847C09E363F2AFA96677E28" originalValue="D’Almeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
(DZUP). 1 ♀,
<normalizedToken id="11364E302D98E1F4262450B80987D834" originalValue="Três">Tres</normalizedToken>
Rios, Jacarepagua [additional illegible data]: 17.IX.1929, Ferr.
<normalizedToken id="792CD241B26B6637B764A324BA73A3B2" originalValue="d’Almeida">d'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, ex. coll
<normalizedToken id="5AE06EBD1896A6FB885BAC70F7886A6A" originalValue="D’Almeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, No. 19.173 (DZUP). 1 ♀, &quot;Penedo, Rezende&quot; [either Penedo or Resende]: 4.X.1955,
<normalizedToken id="074E0C62566BAD824F74CB1EF4B5724B" originalValue="Coleção">Colecao</normalizedToken>
Richard Frey (DZUP). 2 ♂, 3 ♀, no additional locality data: Collection Wm Schaus, USNM-Mimal: 1202, St. Laurent diss.: 6-19-15:6 (USNM); 10.IX.1912, M.J. Holland, Carn. Mus. Acc. 4770, St. Laurent diss.: 4-25-15:2 (CMNH); Ex. Coll. J. Doll, Ac. 24352, St. Laurent diss.: 7-28-15:1 (AMNH); 12.IX.1943, Gagarin leg. ex. col. Gagarin (DZUP); IX.1944, ex.
<normalizedToken id="6F4D0C308AC7D62D43C5C413F5942F5B" originalValue="coleção">colecao</normalizedToken>
A. Cardoso (DZUP). 1 ♀, additional locality information illegible: 5.I(?).1930, Ferreira
<normalizedToken id="FE894EC65B18310DAD654DCA2F9619CA" originalValue="d’Almeida">d'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, ex. coll.
<normalizedToken id="03E90195637CCE9415588B2AEF9F3038" originalValue="d’Almeida">d'Almeida</normalizedToken>
(DZUP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDAB3CEFAFFE553DD80BC7D12DA67DAC" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9EF5F28813AC94E543CA5357EF136305" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10A48988273A442A98D92AEE8C2FFE25" pageId="39" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="54F335101FA561FAD5D8C81303D477FA" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
is recognizable from all previous species in both sexes by the replacement of the wing margin-swept postmedial lunule with a white band along the length of the postmedial line, which is interrupted midway and resumes near the inner margin. The female of
<taxonomicName id="A527D4DD471A88258E7CBCFB7586088D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
is differentiated from the following two similar species by the presence of a straight or only weakly undulated postmedial line, which, along with the white accessory band, curves toward the apex of the forewing, sometimes sharply, usually to the wingtip, rather than ending at or before reaching the apical dash. Male genitalia are unlike any other species except
<taxonomicName id="BD9A28D0883358A0F97C9CD7CCFD1EAC" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
, in that the phallus bears a prominent, elongated, pointed projection from the dorsal surface and is not smooth or ridged as in all other previously diagnosed species. The nearly straight forewing postmedial lines (except near the apex) distinguish both male and female
<taxonomicName id="DE8143F367806D4EBFDE2B262B40028C" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="A634FFA7BBD0FDE70B633588DB804C3A" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
, whereas male genitalia characters and the apical curve of the female forewing postmedial line distinguish
<taxonomicName id="24944EB1932669766E74FA8216694DA1" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="93B95AAA5C245B5963C2D114A46D76A0" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94C0E2B922E772E3249D68230DFD7A2F" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="40" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph id="D71392F9962F00921127C1B8C6873F68" pageId="40" pageNumber="71">
<pageBreakToken id="A130F3A241DAF4D42B3BC14A9CF88DEA" pageId="40" pageNumber="71" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FDB92A4F05F9489D4FE34B948BD3BA4" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="40" pageNumber="71">
Male.Head: Gray, eyes large comprising about two-thirds of head area, eyes bordered posteriorly by darker gray collar of scales reaching labial palpi, labial palpi very small, dorsally with darker scales contrasting with overall gray coloration. Scape and pedicel tufted. Thorax: As for genus. Light gray-brown. Legs: As for genus. Tibial spurs small to moderate in length, almost entirely scaled. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 22-24.5 mm, avg.: 22.4 mm, n = 7. Triangular, apical half of outer margins concave, apex falcate. Ground color gray-brown with darker gray, brown suffusion especially near interior edge of postmedial line and medial area, reddish coloration near apex along apical interior of postmedial line, overall lightly speckled by dark petiolate scales. Discal spot faintly marked by light gray oblong shape, thin gray mark connecting discal spot to costa. Apex marked by black scales above apical dash, especially near apical tip. Postmedial line straight or weakly undulated, line black, strongly contrasting. Submarginal area light gray with whitish suffusion mesally, postmedial lunule as white band originating from apical dash, white band follows postmedial line from apex to midway along postmedial line, resuming near anal margin. Antemedial line faint, brown, curved outwards. Forewing venter: As in forewing dorsum but grayer rather than brownish, sometimes with pinkish hue, black portion of postmedial line mostly absent except medially where very dark, white outer band of postmedial line as in dorsum, antemedial line absent. Hindwing dorsum: Subtriangular, anal angle weakly accentuated, reddish suffusion near anal angle, similar coloration and patterning as forewings, except postmedial lunule present as zigzagged mark, originating from white outer band along first quarter of postmedial line, postmedial line usually sharply bent toward anterior wing margin, sometimes weakly concave mesally. Hindwing venter: Following similar pattern as forewing venter, but red coloration near anal angle and medial area much darker. Abdomen: As for genus but elongated, nearly sphingiform, reaching beyond anal margin of hindwing. Coloration a continuation of gray thoracic color. Dark, contrasting, midventral stripe present along entire length. Genitalia: (Figs 83, 84) n = 7. Somewhat variable; tegumen ovoid or rounded rectangular, sometimes weakly constricted near base of gnathos. Vinculum narrow, somewhat quadrate ventrally. Valves short, stocky, bent outwards or more elongated; saccular edge of left valve with large triangular tooth proximal to transtilla, sometimes notched mesally, right valve with tooth slightly reduced in size, both valves with prominent mesal costal projection originating from central ridge of valve, projection immediately above saccular edge teeth, apex of mesal projection pointed toward saccular edge. Valves triangular, rounded, or somewhat pointed apically. Uncus truncated apically, apex rounded. Gnathos as two prominent flattened, moderately sclerotized, flap-like, somewhat triangular, outward-facing extensions with truncated apices. Apices usually form fingerlike projections of varying length. Juxtal processes roughly phallus length, moderately sclerotized, curving toward apex of phallus. Juxtal processes very thin, long, widening distally, covered in fine setae, especially apically. Base of phallus with paired, backwards facing, elongated, rounded, diverging lobes sometimes with pointed tips on one or both lobes. Phallus irregularly shaped, unevenly edged dorsum lacking an extensive dorsal ridge but with prominent, elongated or sharply triangular, pointed protuberance, covered in setae, apical tip usually bent back
<pageBreakToken id="B1914C6C8AB3B4195E2AA709B3886B44" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" start="start">wards</pageBreakToken>
. Left edge of rolled phallus uneven, forming extended protuberance, right edge usually with setae covered bulge laterally; base of sclerotized terminus of phallus with prominent ventral bump, angled away from distal end of phallus. Distal tip of phallus separated into two distinct points of varying length. Vesica elongated. Female.Head: As in male. Thorax: As in male. Legs: As in male. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 27.5 mm, n = 1. Maculation as in male, wing broader, more ovoid, less triangular, postmedial line may be bent slightly outward mesally, outer white band of postmedial line curved toward apex, continuously to wingtip, forming very acute angle at junction with apical dash, dark scaling above apical dash usually concentrated near apical tip. Forewing venter: As in forewing dorsum but grayer. Hindwing dorsum: As in male but more rounded, less triangular, postmedial line straight except for sharp turn towards anterior wing margin, not concave mesally. Hindwing venter: Following similar pattern as forewing venter, reddish-brown suffusion near anal angle much darker. Abdomen: As in male but more robust. Sternite of VIII as pair of elongated sclerotized bands curving toward each other near anterior edge of VIII segment, but never converge. Genitalia: (Fig. 98) n = 1. Tergite of VIII forms triangular, posteriorly directed arc. Apophyses anteriores shorter than apophyses posteriores, apophyses very thin. Lamella antevaginalis thin, C-shaped, weakly notched mesally near ostium bursae. Ductus bursae short. Papillae anales subtriangular, covered in relatively long setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5F4146E1DDD73F0048A4A1096862167" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="169349359B0F4BA44440E61810A7CB01" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5FB58D91F5E78D914EB346FA30269F8" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">
(Map 4).
<taxonomicName id="B225BAF1D00726D7F09B49F7403F5CF3" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
is found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Most records come from the state of Rio de Janeiro, but records also exist from farther north in
<normalizedToken id="1DC0D318111DB4C093533BDECDB52C44" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo and Pernambuco states. The distribution of this species probably extends along the entire coast of Brazil north from the state of Rio de Janeiro.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AE2ED77C4107799B283C53F86A1F6140" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="707E6E2E9CEC20CAC338B08D9A113E49" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">
Map 4.
<taxonomicName id="744EBB13FE144E1DD98B3DB833F28F36" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
species-group [
<taxonomicName id="D5B1809C02512026A5401C258D3D7883" lsidName="plagiata" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="plagiata">plagiata</taxonomicName>
subgroup].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A97EBCEBF55A0EA9D4C497E9B5331BA0" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="445731E626CA3AC0404008E215957817" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D23CC89FF4BC4EA092FFD13FB8FD04D" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">
A number of host records exist in the literature for
<taxonomicName id="7894C50EDAC58F49A62975377059E465" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
sensu lato, but due to the uncertainty of the identification of this taxon in the past (see remarks below), we cannot be certain that all of the following records pertain to
<taxonomicName id="37CB115448520A18FFF87FEA4B9F8701" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
sensu stricto. Perhaps the most reliable record comes from
<bibRefCitation id="FFF53E3F1164BABA6F1D786AA96495B5" author="Raymundo, B" journalOrPublisher="Typographia Revista dos Tribunaes, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Noticia sobre alguns Lepidopteros serigenos do Brasil" year="1919">Raymundo (1919)</bibRefCitation>
because this author figures the adult of true
<taxonomicName id="BF7058B04E85BEFB74465AB41812BBEB" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
and describes its distribution as only including the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and
<normalizedToken id="AAD36CCFA5D17502254AD057F5FFAD60" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, which eliminates the more southerly distributed
<taxonomicName id="7D7F0697B538CFE41F6757DAF156460B" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and the primarily Amazonian
<taxonomicName id="A6E75BB1204718C8361333EA8C34D4BC" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia vulgaris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Menevia vulgaris</taxonomicName>
sp. n., both described below.
<bibRefCitation id="3C84FFD78629AB91DEAED3EB89CCC9FA" author="Raymundo, B" journalOrPublisher="Typographia Revista dos Tribunaes, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Noticia sobre alguns Lepidopteros serigenos do Brasil" year="1919">Raymundo (1919)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BB213D09DF7648C30E17DB125EE729C9" author="Monte, O" journalOrPublisher="Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Borboletas que vivem em plantas cultivadas." volumeTitle="Boletim de Agricultura, Zootecnica e Veterinaria" year="1934">Monte (1934)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="FD6F3E628529AF0430C0A26E323A5FF2" author="Lima, AMC" journalOrPublisher="Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Insetos do Brasil. Lepidopteros, Tomo VI (Parte II)." year="1950">Lima (1950)</bibRefCitation>
mention only
<taxonomicName id="BEA1484AE148F73D8B2FFBB9DF408411" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia catappa" order="Myrtales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catappa">Terminalia catappa</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="E669772C9EA92773CA9050A01E41C53E" family="Combretaceae" lsidName="" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
) as a host of
<taxonomicName id="CA2E38914D7918C5B44184FBFB480ED0" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
, a species we previously showed to be a host of
<taxonomicName id="B18EDFBCA0F863415C69C8C681ED7DA9" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
. Additional, less verifiable host plant records include:
<taxonomicName id="ECDD6D7AC370F6FB443030B68EFD0407" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psidium guajava" order="Myrtales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">Psidium guajava</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B656EE350BEF118A2FAB895854EB93F8" family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4F68749F1DD6E187E52BE16D00D8D03D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Licania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Licania tomentosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Licania tomentosa</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="A004F92AC1419AE53EBB0A3AD76AF353" family="Chrysobalanaceae" lsidName="" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
), and even
<taxonomicName id="8F8175059FCF617446898E6DB68EF951" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria angustifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Araucaria angustifolia</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="9DF90A91A60F1F9A78C3497142CABCB2" family="Araucariaceae" lsidName="" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Araucariaceae</taxonomicName>
) all cited in
<bibRefCitation id="A369EB447D78CF4BF70936896EC7E9F1" author="Silva, AGD" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="Quarto catalogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil: seus parasitas e predadores" year="1968">Silva et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="1DDF379C1A7B033825291FA498F39A73" author="Silva, AGD" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="Quarto catalogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil: seus parasitas e predadores" year="1968">Silva et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
refers to
<normalizedToken id="598161F48A44005B924A8EA1B158209D" originalValue="“pinheiro”">&quot;pinheiro&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Pine), which we interpret to mean
<taxonomicName id="F908AA5C3B504DA4565297FFD7DE6FFF" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria angustifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Araucaria angustifolia</taxonomicName>
because this host is listed by
<bibRefCitation id="0BCE6B51E51B577CB5163B69A235482C" author="Mecke, R" journalOrPublisher="Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" pagination="165 - 172" title="Insetos e acaros associados a Araucariaangustifolia (Araucariaceae, Coniferae) no sul do Brasil." volume="88" year="2000">Mecke et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="041F3E60662843785A14104A035F16E1" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
, citing
<bibRefCitation id="EC83BE62A6D3676C39047E1DA0D242AB" author="Silva, AGD" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="Quarto catalogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil: seus parasitas e predadores" year="1968">Silva et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
. Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="905225B7A4F4B53BB0E463A63612D959" author="Pastrana, JA" editor="Braun, K" journalOrPublisher="Sociedad Entomologica Argentina ediciones, Buenos Aires" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Los Lepidopteros Argentinos. Sus plantas hospedadoras y otros sustratos alimenticios." year="2004">Pastrana (2004)</bibRefCitation>
mentions
<taxonomicName id="288654F36A93B3A8C9C3230EF49F4160" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus amygdalus" order="Rosales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalus">Prunus amygdalus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B1CBEE0F50F813942397F922BB096D98" family="Rosaceae" lsidName="" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
) as a host for
<taxonomicName id="2ED284F90D6786810153FE8407959C90" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
, but this is probably an erroneous misinterpretation of
<bibRefCitation id="069A7A4861E7EE3462AEC7BBF774D7F9" author="Lima, AMC" journalOrPublisher="Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Insetos do Brasil. Lepidopteros, Tomo VI (Parte II)." year="1950">Lima (1950)</bibRefCitation>
who had listed &quot;amendoeira (
<taxonomicName id="C7D46D44050869845F29D6CE9F443B2F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia catappa" order="Myrtales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catappa">Terminalia catappa</taxonomicName>
)&quot; as the host of
<taxonomicName id="74321B76AE8A37D989C983D217B0FB33" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
, referring to amendoeira da praia (
<taxonomicName id="21AC5EC20C9A5EEE3B2A091690FEC1E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia catappa" order="Myrtales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catappa">Terminalia catappa</taxonomicName>
), not true amendoeira (almond,
<taxonomicName id="0998D8B7263E50F580B66120F90CE332" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus amygdalus" order="Rosales" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalus">Prunus amygdalus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7F545FBD01543A618AA4E9979A627A3" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="1B2BAF7CF3701DE42F3A7C16FC4143E7" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9F0F748B39B69BE481C92045BE84484" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="41" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="6C709B185423EAABF6168F49053511E2" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
is the most problematic taxon in the genus, largely due to the unavailability of the holotype, which is presumed to be lost. The holotype of
<taxonomicName id="979B2A92350CFC95A39A6EDC79542D3D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
<pageBreakToken id="7327ABA841FC314503A1249E504EC1AD" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" start="start">Menevia</pageBreakToken>
plagiata
</taxonomicName>
originated from
<normalizedToken id="1D717C373CFE9B887F34D3CE7360B6D9" originalValue="Fry’s">Fry's</normalizedToken>
collection, and was collected in Rio de Janeiro.
<bibRefCitation id="CE88EFB6669B786D990E18B1D7F6D93B" author="Becker, VO" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" pagination="153 - 157" title="The identity of some unrecognized Neotropical Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera) described by Francis Walker." url="10.1590/S0101-81752001000100018" volume="18" year="2001">Becker (2001)</bibRefCitation>
provided information pertaining to the history of the many specimens from the Fry Collection, collected in Rio de Janeiro, later described by Walker, that were subsequently damaged, and are apparently now lost. We attempted to locate the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="E373C1BD3CE855EF6380874501CF28E1" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
at the NHMUK but were unsuccessful. Contacting the University Museum, Oxford in an effort to locate the holotype there was also unsuccessful. Although it is not impossible that this type remains undiscovered somewhere in these or other collections, we consider it unlikely to be located, thus we here designate a neotype for this species based on information discussed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="306885F97DB63F2A2619816B3A481D29" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="42" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="5BAF13FFD19FCE0E68860DF7D2E0442B" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Trustees, London" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum" url="10.5962/bhl.title.58221" year="1855">
<normalizedToken id="4DF96D4D5687347EE7CFF8F5CE19782C" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
(1855)
</bibRefCitation>
original description of
<taxonomicName id="B01AC2E08178AE44517FFB981CB8FC8B" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
is rather vague and could arguably be attributed to either
<taxonomicName id="4829D5014590CA8BCE4ACFF79FBC8F9D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="00A17D5E0638ED02EEC9055C14F03FEC" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia franclemonti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">Menevia franclemonti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. as both of these species are found in Rio de Janeiro and are somewhat similar in appearance. The most important line in
<normalizedToken id="F75D75D08F6F4AFFD832FBF1386E9938" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
description is that relating to the white band, which follows the postmedial line in both
<taxonomicName id="536C17BCB0BF17EABD4AB90A6CBB2833" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F443B3B82E98BD1605ABF8823D1BB0BD" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia franclemonti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">Menevia franclemonti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. This band is interrupted in the former and continuous in the latter.
<bibRefCitation id="D03EAAA554BB726409ED7F87F7DE00E0" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Trustees, London" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum" url="10.5962/bhl.title.58221" year="1855">Walker (1855)</bibRefCitation>
states in his original description of
<taxonomicName id="59C9437BE2C51525D984B58EB5C9DBEC" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
that there is a &quot;very oblique slender white band at three-fourths of the length, forming a very acute angle near the tip,&quot; which we interpret to mean the white band following the exterior of the postmedial line. However, Walker does not mention whether the white band is continuous or interrupted along
<pageBreakToken id="C80AC7F532DD1A791038F9703B04AF2C" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
length of the postmedial line, which is necessary information to attribute this description definitively to either species.
<normalizedToken id="6B3EB6503E26BF3F37B244E493C11A61" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
description of
<taxonomicName id="C6E77FCACB518D0743DF72CC89B2A65E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Mimallo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimallo saturata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saturata">Mimallo saturata</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1855 from the same work offers some characters that could be attributed to what we consider
<taxonomicName id="1DC6C63D4D8BD6510515BF567734FF5A" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
, in which the most important again is the white band along what is assumed to be the postmedial line: &quot;a whitish slender slightly oblique band, which has a blackish border on its outer side, and extends from near the tip of the costa to three-fourths of the length of the interior border&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="344327097BE3AA5301D890FC0F643727" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Trustees, London" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum" url="10.5962/bhl.title.58221" year="1855">Walker 1855</bibRefCitation>
). The holotype of
<taxonomicName id="63156472FFFFAAC55EE6D4F1D8AEBB4D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia saturata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saturata">Menevia saturata</taxonomicName>
is also presumed lost due to it originating from
<normalizedToken id="189393D73EED62CB2A75696F0040F1D9" originalValue="Fry’s">Fry's</normalizedToken>
collection and having a type locality of Rio de Janeiro.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B62B5DCE699680D233CE9D5D5605537" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
An additional taxonomic issue was created by the presence of the
<normalizedToken id="130E8100B2A7A029AC77BDA9A33C7FA3" originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
of
<taxonomicName id="8779AF6B782E1D86D4D2AD0587CC3968" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perophora</taxonomicName>
‡
<taxonomicName id="E6339E8CEDCC36BCE67BAE58A3C6363C" lsidName="superba" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
Jones in the NHMUK. The name ‡
<taxonomicName id="BB95B7248DFDFE5B6A0C469E28480DCC" lsidName="superba" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
is a manuscript name and was never published by Jones. It is possible that Jones realized the similarity of ‡
<taxonomicName id="C5A767EE701B25760A26AAF1306E73D5" lsidName="superba" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="946E83FCDA8A7066B9108A589876FB9A" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
as described by Walker, and hence did not describe it. This assumption is an additional piece of evidence supporting our concept of
<taxonomicName id="95036461D9638C9DB4F2FB1BD3A86555" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
because the
<normalizedToken id="41EDDFD212DD23EF008C56CB9EB15173" originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
of ‡
<taxonomicName id="3C75AB43B6C8699F4C51F1D49AEDEB77" lsidName="superba" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
matches it. If a validly published description using the name ‡
<taxonomicName id="11D3E7F38DD92CCA665231C8C1D48273" lsidName="superba" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
is located, it would have to be treated as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5BB00450F3853C7A033F6A4E3B35BB91" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9585CEA6AA7AB63416882CACE2FD9FE" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
After visiting the NHMUK and reviewing the specimens belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="C8229021F393D0D381F333F75F9F3CAD" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
species-group, it was clear that all Rio de Janeiro specimens matched our concept of
<taxonomicName id="9BBD751075EBB72B44BB85F03C4BAE7E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
, including a number of specimens from the late 1800's. The other species that the name
<taxonomicName id="23895693435FD1552D64E3660312E29F" lsidName="plagiata" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="plagiata">plagiata</taxonomicName>
could be associated with, which we describe below as
<taxonomicName id="CABCA9A55FCA9EB68DD0E34C869A5825" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia franclemonti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">Menevia franclemonti</taxonomicName>
sp. n., is rarer relative to
<taxonomicName id="3C202A9C00F313EE9068EA8A5DB0E409" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
and was not present in the NHMUK. Schaus (in Seitz 1928) illustrated our concept of
<taxonomicName id="61FAC7359FB405D0CC6130028FEE397E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
as this species, and did not figure anything resembling
<taxonomicName id="91CFE8E3E7172C3EF2BE367F46A466EA" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia franclemonti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">Menevia franclemonti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Therefore; it seems most probable that Walker had a specimen matching our concept of
<taxonomicName id="05033D022B19969EF827ADEA13A71820" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
at his disposal when writing his description. Finally, one of the oldest
<taxonomicName id="2E3C735EBE95E7BE8CC6437E539890D1" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
determinations in the NHMUK, from 1889 by C. Berg, was a female specimen matching our concept of
<taxonomicName id="C7F5FB07E19CA14CBFDC66CD431D9511" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
. This provides an indication that as early as 1889 the name
<taxonomicName id="7B473481174065E28E015A9E760C06F3" lsidName="plagiata" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="plagiata">plagiata</taxonomicName>
was being associated with the species that we consider to be
<taxonomicName id="FC9E71B2A7996688788293687AE39455" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81DE1133B88E2BD34E069E8B01923D48" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
The taxonomic history of the name
<taxonomicName id="C6385094A4CD017889294EC7DA246F06" lsidName="plagiata" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="plagiata">plagiata</taxonomicName>
is surely complicated, and unfortunately, without seeing the holotype, we might never be completely sure that our concept of the species coincides with that of
<bibRefCitation id="0845813718EE6C666C8896244FBA7A87" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Trustees, London" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" title="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum" url="10.5962/bhl.title.58221" year="1855">
<normalizedToken id="FA53ECB1FDA05372658474C23CB38C5E" originalValue="Walker’s">Walker's</normalizedToken>
(1855)
</bibRefCitation>
. Complications compound further when considering the great deal of variation, both externally and in male genitalia morphology, that
<taxonomicName id="B4EFE5A3EA8F5CC9D4683DF6DED27CD1" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
displays within the state of Rio de Janeiro. The considerable amount of variation suggests that
<taxonomicName id="52681B160E69FDE7EEA4FFD3D9F74637" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
sensu lato may represent a species complex. However, the four examined NHMUK specimens from
<normalizedToken id="D23B67F168743B4DF4998C3CDFC6568D" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
, Rio de Janeiro, including the neotype, represent a cohesive series in terms of external characteristics and genitalia, with very little variation. The valves of these specimens are much stouter and the projection of the phallus shorter than in other
<taxonomicName id="FF960DCF287A6AF59DE69BF4CD522AFE" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
from nearby locations in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, to stabilize the nomenclature, we here designate the neotype, chosen from this series. A specimen from
<normalizedToken id="D3B052D211B367E57223152C9A9157F8" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
, Rio de Janeiro at DZUP also greatly resembles the series of four
<taxonomicName id="B8F52119DB41196D73F112A7ADDF3D2E" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
from
<normalizedToken id="F408AD577C3B49BE571015137E230260" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
(see Fig. 43).
</paragraph>
<caption id="4AC36A192195B239AB7D049AACB39630" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="0E7501C8F3C9F40E2BDEDEC95D9A7EE5" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
Figures 42-51.
<taxonomicName id="EDCB83504389EBE49E273A4EF2AFB28D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
species-group [
<taxonomicName id="BE7FDA344C66A48FF486D29373842C7F" lsidName="plagiata" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="plagiata">plagiata</taxonomicName>
subgroup] male adults, a recto, b verso. 42
<taxonomicName id="5D3AC012A5FC5E96ED861B6DCE6A9252" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
neotype ♂, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro,
<normalizedToken id="F3E4418BDE1D5283FDD0048D9E246525" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
(NHMUK) 43
<taxonomicName id="AF3B61A638575ED43AFA5D7371356E6B" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
♂, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro,
<normalizedToken id="05AF6B04FEF17E780D0619C45F38AAF5" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="5B9ADCD06A3055E467ABB70B865E04BC" originalValue="Independência">Independencia</normalizedToken>
, 900 m [photo courtesy CGCM] (DZUP) 44
<taxonomicName id="5478D847934E4840563AF0982F46DDFF" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
♂, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (CMNH) 45
<taxonomicName id="D4496C4A104048786D0D483D2825E367" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Brazil, Santa Catarina,
<normalizedToken id="2EABBC05C2FB1BB9B802D7F1BD2EA878" originalValue="Jaraguá">Jaragua</normalizedToken>
do Sul (CUIC) 46
<taxonomicName id="F189F7D7AE7EA7A86C0A4A64730F78B0" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
paratype ♂, Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="54BE454C23973EABF04B32C813EBAA23" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m [photo courtesy CGCM] (CGCM) 47
<taxonomicName id="41F48DC54EF4968F7BF537BCE26FC3A4" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="6F83077B8B8798BCACC5C662894F65FE" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Feira Nova do
<normalizedToken id="18CF4DB74C3BE173699291BF4F5E4000" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, 480 m (DZUP) 48
<taxonomicName id="23B7CBD17D38890DEFCAD5850F5754F0" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
paratype ♂, Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="09447DF5415467CF295FDAB93A596D86" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Feira Nova do
<normalizedToken id="764C7101E17E68EC69F1A89706BEBE2D" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, 480 m (CGCM) 49
<taxonomicName id="B02F0F28551BC4512280F04A1BE7F95B" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
[transitional population] ♂, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Sete Lagoas, 720 m (USNM) 50
<taxonomicName id="8AE6024153A4078F037F8E68DBA8E40D" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
[transitional population] ♂, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Paraopeba [photo courtesy CGCM] (OM) 51
<taxonomicName id="ABBB3B122283765550C7696E50E138ED" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
paratype ♂, Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="246608EE74DB985B8379579D635C98E7" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m [photo courtesy CGCM] (CGCM). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8344E090ACF72B6BBDD0854FADD63E15" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="92E52AAC45C336A8E776D157F25C35BA" pageId="43" pageNumber="74">
Figures 52-57.
<taxonomicName id="9670D3E30168E8DCE32C9B95D2B9B890" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
species-group [
<taxonomicName id="CF4F6728E23731356CB1A30C245174DC" lsidName="plagiata" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="plagiata">plagiata</taxonomicName>
subgroup] female adults, a recto, b verso. 52
<taxonomicName id="68D0CE3DA04D41F239A85A0CC27D0565" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
♀, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro,
<normalizedToken id="A56A81FCA28D16B23634FF1C8535C0DA" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
[photo courtesy CGCM] (DZUP) 53
<taxonomicName id="61CEBFC7DDD3A7B8575071A987914D20" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
♀ [
<normalizedToken id="D2222E0DA05103F3F9A58A5CBB8A7518" originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
of manuscript name ‡
<taxonomicName id="0D1FFE4C4C42174F90792CA118311A4A" lsidName="superba" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
Jones, photo courtesy NHMUK], Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, 800 ft. (NHMUK) 54
<taxonomicName id="EF07149B96743307A5BD88B045BF45C2" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
♀, Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="5674C6F51C0998D6E503C21A2506B904" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Feira Nova do
<normalizedToken id="2A6915C856ADDFFA33D3D82CE019DD63" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, 480 m (CGCM) 55
<taxonomicName id="D6D3A0D1539BF57510438CAF06829769" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia alurca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alurca">Menevia alurca</taxonomicName>
♀ [questionable], Argentina, Formosa (USNM) 56
<taxonomicName id="1D369B24158B2270FA1E26EBC970AB4F" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀, Brazil, Santa Catarina,
<normalizedToken id="E5E12B1D1656B847D3816CBAA7AF1900" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 450 m [photo courtesy CGCM] (CGCM) 57
<taxonomicName id="D43BCEA608C7020E6401130CDECAA482" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia australis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Menevia australis</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀, Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="6D2836A74FB60537DA81DC7625CDBF2A" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m [photo courtesy CGCM] (CGCM). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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