305 lines
39 KiB
XML
305 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="02421E3E7EC6CC7E8C2F0ED23A09AD67" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.1.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3908066" ID-ZooBank="3D8AE62D-7C4D-4E95-A56E-5CE441255E5E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593082854816" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gómez, Patricia & Calderón-Gutiérrez, Fernando" docDate="2020" docId="03DB8F4A7F1CFFB7FF36F86FFCC17176" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFE2F7327F12FFA7FFA1FFD1FFFE740D" masterDocTitle="Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1700277067819" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="41E37F7A35942EDEB1526D6D7AD460F1">Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C928F2E5EA86D65BD16ED5448DA10C8E">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="276CD9EFB81FEFAF2BE62C3BF91CDF22">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, CDMX México. C. P. 04510.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B8DEC1C7C210575F4709A0657129840">Calderón-Gutiérrez, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7371DC46613C43CC8BEE9E7797F7F03D">Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88D743765891728EDAD2A38BD753ECC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="138EB8CDABA0DC3789ED2EFFDDDCF6F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B98106E75F81E20E103D96B9C660EA7B">2020</mods:date>
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<heading id="D08589307F1CFFA9FF36F86FFC7673D5" bold="true" box="[151,904,1982,2009]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F1CFFA9FF36F86FFC7673D5" ID-CoL="36TCT" authority="van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,904,1982,2009]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1CFFA9FF36F86FFC7673D5" bold="true" box="[151,904,1982,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1CFFA9FF36F86FFE4B73D4" bold="true" box="[151,437,1982,2009]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Discodermia adhaerens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F1CFFA9FE1CF86EFC7673D5" author="van Soest, R. W. M. & Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E." box="[445,904,1982,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" pagination="401 - 443" refId="ref16401" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3686DD77F1CFFA8FF36F833FC2373C6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F1CFFA9FF36F833FF1D73F1" blockId="14.[151,904,1982,2044]" box="[151,227,2018,2044]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
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<figureCitation id="134922D97F1CFFA9FF36F833FF1D73F1" box="[151,227,2018,2044]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908084/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0D6ED47F1DFFA8FF36F92FFDCC7352" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3908084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908084/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" startId="15.[151,250,1790,1815]" targetBox="[177,1411,181,1764]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F1DFFA8FF36F92FFDCC7352" blockId="15.[151,1437,1790,1887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FF36F92FFEEB731A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1790,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F1DFFA8FEBFF92FFC56731A" authority="van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[286,936,1790,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FEBFF92FFDED731B" box="[286,531,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Discodermia adhaerens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F1DFFA8FDBAF92EFC56731A" author="van Soest, R. W. M. & Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E." box="[539,936,1790,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" pagination="401 - 443" refId="ref16401" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. a) CNPGG‒1484
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FBCFF92EFB51731B" box="[1134,1199,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">in situ</emphasis>
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; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F1DFFA8FF36F85DFC2373C6" blockId="15.[151,1437,1932,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FF36F85DFE0573AA" bold="true" box="[151,507,1932,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Synonymy and other records.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F1DFFA8FDA2F85CFAFE73AA" authority="van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014: 416" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityPageNumber="416" authorityYear="2014" box="[515,1280,1933,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FDA2F85CFCF173AA" box="[515,783,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Discodermia adhaerens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F1DFFA8FCB6F85CFAFE73AA" author="van Soest, R. W. M. & Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E." box="[791,1280,1933,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" pagination="401 - 443" refId="ref16401" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014: 416</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F1DFFA8FAADF85CFEF573C6" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FAADF85CFEF573C6" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Discodermia adhaerens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F1DFFA8FEBBF860FD6973C6" author="Calderon-Gutierrez, F. & Sanchez-Ortiz, C. A. & Huato-Soberanis, L." box="[282,663,1969,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref12938" refString="Calderon-Gutierrez, F., Sanchez-Ortiz, C. A. & Huato-Soberanis, L. (2018) Ecological patterns in anchialine caves. PLOS ONE, 13, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0202909" type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Calderón-Gutiérrez
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FE5BF863FDCD73C6" box="[506,563,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
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2018:10
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Table 1, S3 Table, S5 Table.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3686DD77F1DFFB7FF66F805FEE274DA" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F1DFFA8FF66F805FA6273E2" blockId="15.[151,1437,1932,2031]" box="[199,1436,2004,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F1DFFA8FF66F805FE4E73E2" bold="true" box="[199,432,2004,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1A34017F1DFFA8FE17F804FA6673E2" box="[438,1432,2004,2031]" collectorName="La Quebrada" location="Quintana Roo" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quintana Roo">
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CNPGG–1484, 1485, Cenote S-1,
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<collectorName id="26875B8A7F1DFFA8FC96F804FC3673E2" box="[823,968,2005,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">La Quebrada</collectorName>
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anchialine cave, Cozumel,
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<collectingRegion id="49B6F0BE7F1DFFA8FB5BF804FA6673E2" box="[1274,1432,2005,2031]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF36FF49FEE274DA" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1A34017F02FFB7FF36FF49FEE274DA" collectingDate="2015-01-12" collectorName="F. Calderon-Gutierrez & German Yanez." country="Mexico" elevation="5" latitude="20.437984" location="Depth" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.996506" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FF36FF49FF1374BF" box="[151,237,152,178]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE46589B7F02FFB7FE1EFF49FD8774BE" box="[447,633,152,179]" degrees="86" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" precision="1" seconds="47.44" value="-86.996506">86°59’47.44’’W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<location id="8EAD68877F02FFB7FD2FFF49FD2C74BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB8F4A7F1CFFB7FF36F86FFCC17176:8EAD68877F02FFB7FD2FFF49FD2C74BF" box="[654,722,152,178]" country="Mexico" latitude="20.437984" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.996506" name="Depth" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Depth</location>
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<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FD7AFF49FCE174BE" box="[731,799,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="4.5">
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<elevation id="005FD96F7F02FFB7FD7AFF49FCE174BE" box="[731,799,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFCC189C7F02FFB7FC8DFF48FC0C74BE" box="[812,1010,152,179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" value="2015-01-12">
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<collectingDate id="EF88E1747F02FFB7FC8DFF48FC0C74BE" box="[812,1010,152,179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" value="2015-01-12">January 12, 2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; coll.
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||
<collectorName id="26875B8A7F02FFB7FB98FF48FACE74BF" box="[1081,1328,152,179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">F. Calderón-Gutiérrez</collectorName>
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||
and
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||
<collectorName id="26875B8A7F02FFB7FAC8FF48FEE274DA" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">German Yáñez.</collectorName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3686DD77F02FFB7FF66FF31FB7076C2" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF66FF31FC21756B" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF66FF31FEA774F6" bold="true" box="[199,345,224,251]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Description.</emphasis>
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Thinly encrusting sponge barely
|
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<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FD78FF30FCE274F6" box="[729,796,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
in thickness, several specimens collected measure ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FA2FFF30FF477512" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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<superScript id="7C0793147F02FFB7FF18FED2FF3F751C" attach="left" box="[185,193,259,273]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">2</superScript>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134922D97F02FFB7FF6EFED5FEDC7512" box="[207,290,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908084/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
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||
). Color orange when alive, light gray preserved in alcohol. Surface smooth with slender channels in meander-like shape, visible under light microscopy, no apparent oscules when alive, nor preserved in alcohol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134922D97F02FFB7FACEFEF9FF48756A" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908084/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consistency difficult to describe, due to the thinness of the specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF66FEA1FAB875DE" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF66FEA1FECB7586" bold="true" box="[199,309,368,395]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
A thin carpet of discotriaenes closely packed together conform the ectosomal skeleton, with cladomes that cover the outside surface and their rhabdomes heading to the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134922D97F02FFB7FBADFE45FBA175A2" box="[1036,1119,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908084/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The choanosomal skeleton is a complex link of desmas strongly bound by tubercled zygosis. Additionally, long thin oxeas are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF66FE0DFEC576A6" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF66FE0DFECE75FA" bold="true" box="[199,304,476,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134922D97F02FFB7FEE3FE0DFE7975FA" box="[322,391,476,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[177,1411,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908084/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
c-g) Discotriaenes with different cladome deviations or irregular shaped disc, few ovals to round shaped, with serrated and also smooth margins, the upper surface is usually smooth, but some cladomes show a small warty area, 90‒213 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FE7EFDF4FD9D7632" box="[479,611,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.415" metricValueMax="2.13" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="141.5" valueMax="213.0" valueMin="70.0">70‒213 µm</quantity>
|
||
. The rhabds are conical and short 15.6‒36.4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FBC9FDF4FB077632" box="[1128,1273,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="7.15" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="3.9">3.9‒10.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Desmas tend- ing to tetraclone
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C980FE7F02FFB7FEF8FD98FE77766E" box="[345,393,585,611]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">type</typeStatus>
|
||
260‒310 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FDB4FD99FD57766E" box="[533,681,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.895" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.69" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="189.5" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="169.0">169‒210 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Oxeas with wispy thin endings, often broken by its thin diameter 390‒970 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FEB8FDBCFE7C768A" box="[281,386,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8‒10 µm</quantity>
|
||
, some with rare stylote modification. Acanthose microrhabds mainly in strongylote category
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FF36FD40FEC976A6" box="[151,311,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="16.9" valueMax="23.4" valueMin="10.4">10.4‒23.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF66FD65FB7076C2" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" box="[199,1166,692,719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF66FD65FE1176C2" bold="true" box="[199,495,692,719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Open ocean:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FD28FD65FD1B76C3" box="[649,741,692,718]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Anchialine cave: Cozumel (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FB86FD65FB7D76C2" box="[1063,1155,692,719]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3686DD77F02FFB7FF66FD08FCF2778E" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF66FD08FCF2778E" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF66FD08FED276FE" bold="true" box="[199,300,729,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FE92FD09FDC176FF" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[307,575,728,754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FE92FD09FDC176FF" box="[307,575,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Discodermia adhaerens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits two different environments: 1) The upper dysphotic zone, at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FAF4FD09FA6276FE" box="[1365,1436,728,755]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="146.0">146 m</quantity>
|
||
deep in the open ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FE09FD2DFDFF771B" box="[424,513,764,790]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FDB1FD2CFCFC771A" author="van Soest, R. W. M. & Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E." box="[528,770,764,791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="401 - 443" refId="ref16401" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FD24FD2CFD49771B" box="[645,695,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). 2) The dark zone of anchialine caves, at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FB7CFD2DFAE0771A" box="[1245,1310,764,791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</quantity>
|
||
deep in La Quebrada, and at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FEFDFCF0FE6A7736" box="[348,404,801,827]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
|
||
deep in El Aerolito, Cozumel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FD51FCF1FBB37736" author="Calderon-Gutierrez, F. & Sanchez-Ortiz, C. A. & Huato-Soberanis, L." box="[752,1101,800,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref12938" refString="Calderon-Gutierrez, F., Sanchez-Ortiz, C. A. & Huato-Soberanis, L. (2018) Ecological patterns in anchialine caves. PLOS ONE, 13, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0202909" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Calderón-Gutiérrez
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FC73FCF0FBFD7737" box="[978,1027,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting the preference of the species for aphotic environments. Its population size along the La Quebrada anchialine cave was estimated as 1,297±782 individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FE00FCB9FCFE778E" author="Calderon-Gutierrez, F. & Sanchez-Ortiz, C. A. & Huato-Soberanis, L." box="[417,768,872,899]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref12938" refString="Calderon-Gutierrez, F., Sanchez-Ortiz, C. A. & Huato-Soberanis, L. (2018) Ecological patterns in anchialine caves. PLOS ONE, 13, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0202909" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Calderón-Gutiérrez
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FD25FCB8FD42778F" box="[644,700,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3686DD77F02FFB7FF66FC5CFCC17176" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3E5C7F02FFB7FF66FC5CFCC17176" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF66FC5CFEC577AA" bold="true" box="[199,315,909,935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The samples studied are identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FD4FFC5DFC0277AB" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[750,1020,908,934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FD4FFC5DFC0277AB" box="[750,1020,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Discodermia adhaerens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except that the original description reports thinner oxeas (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FE31FC61FE1477C6" box="[400,490,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 µm</quantity>
|
||
), and slightly longer acanthomicrorhabds (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FC66FC61FBC177C6" box="[967,1087,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FBF3FC61FA8E77C7" authorityName="Pisera & Vacelet" authorityYear="2011" box="[1106,1392,944,970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FBF3FC61FA8E77C7" box="[1106,1392,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Discodermia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in numerous marine caves in the Mediterranean Sea, at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FC30FC04FC1C77E2" box="[913,994,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="3.0">3-20 m</quantity>
|
||
from the entrance of caves, and is also recorded in the bathyal zone of the open ocean at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FD62FC29FCBF701E" box="[707,833,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="285.0" valueMax="360.0" valueMin="210.0">210‒360 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FCEEFC29FBB2701E" author="Pisera, A. & Vacelet, J." box="[847,1100,1016,1043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="17 - 40" refId="ref14996" refString="Pisera, A. & Vacelet, J. (2011) Lithistid sponges from submarine caves in the Mediterranean: taxonomy and affinities. Scientia Marina, 75, 17 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scsimar. 2011.75 n 1017" type="journal article" year="2011">Pisera & Vacelet 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FBF6FC29FF2A703A" author="Gerovasileiou, V. & Voultsiadou, E." pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="39873" refId="ref13439" refString="Gerovasileiou, V. & Voultsiadou, E. (2012) Marine caves of the Mediterranean Sea: A sponge biodiversity reservoir within a biodiversity hotspot. PLOS ONE, 7, e 39873. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0039873" type="journal article" year="2012">Gerovasileiou & Voultsiadou 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FE29FBCDFDF1703B" authorityName="Pisera & Vacelet" authorityYear="2011" box="[392,527,1052,1078]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FE29FBCDFDF1703B" box="[392,527,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the present material in shape (spherical to massive) and spiculation categories: presence of micro-oxeas, absence of wispy and thin oxeas, and discotriaenes with larger rhabds (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FF3EFBB5FEE97072" box="[159,279,1124,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="60.0">60‒65 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FE8BFBB5FE457073" authorityName="Du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[298,443,1124,1150]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FE8BFBB5FE457073" box="[298,443,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Discodermia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species recorded in the Caribbean and southwest Florida are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FBCDFBB4FA627072" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[1132,1436,1124,1151]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissoluta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FBCDFBB4FB0D7073" box="[1132,1267,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">D. dissoluta</emphasis>
|
||
Schmidt, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FF74FB59FEEE70AF" box="[213,272,1160,1186]" name="Cuba" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a massive lobulated sponge, violet color and very large desmas
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FC5EFB59FB6170AE" box="[1023,1183,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.24" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="762.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="524.0">524‒1000 µm</quantity>
|
||
, discotriaenes
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FAE4FB59FA6270AE" box="[1349,1436,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 µm</quantity>
|
||
cladome diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FED0FB7CFE3470CA" box="[369,458,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 µm</quantity>
|
||
in rhabd, with 15 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FD77FB7DFCDC70CA" box="[726,802,1196,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 µm</quantity>
|
||
for acanthorhabds; inhabits framework reef caves, and shallow to deep-sea environments
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FDBFFB01FD7C70E6" box="[542,642,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="0.0">0‒150 m</quantity>
|
||
deep (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FD6CFB01FC0770E6" author="Kobluk, D. R. & van Soest, R. W. M." box="[717,1017,1232,1259]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="1207 - 1235" refId="ref14036" refString="Kobluk, D. R. & van Soest, R. W. M. (1989) Cavity-dwelling sponges in a southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44, 1207 - 1235." type="journal article" year="1989">Kobluk & van Soest 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FBA4FB01FB1170E6" author="Pomponi, S. A. & Kelly, M. & Reed, J. K. & Wright, A. E." box="[1029,1263,1232,1259]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="344 - 353" refId="ref15044" refString="Pomponi, S. A., Kelly, M., Reed, J. K. & Wright, A. E. (2001) Diversity and bathymetric distribution of lithistid sponges in the tropical western Atlantic region. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 344 - 353." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Pomponi
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FBD3FB00FB5A70E7" box="[1138,1188,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FAA2FB00FE8A7102" authority="(Bowerbank, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polydiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FAA2FB00FA6270E7" box="[1283,1436,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">D. polydiscus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bowerbank, 1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FD8BFB25FD3D7103" box="[554,707,1268,1294]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Saint Vincent</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3657ECC7F02FFB7FCA1FB25FC937103" box="[768,877,1268,1294]" name="Barbados" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has an extreme variation on growth forms, it is irregular, variously creeping sponge, ramose, sprawling or cup shaped, except encrusting forms; yellowish-white color; inhabits
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A93B97F02FFB7FE9EFAECFE4E715A" box="[319,432,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" metricValueMax="2.17" metricValueMin="0.9099999999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="154.0" valueMax="217.0" valueMin="91.0">91–217 m</quantity>
|
||
deep (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FE5BFAECFCDB715A" author="van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N." box="[506,805,1340,1367]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref16509" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">van Soest & Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FC91FAEDFBE9715A" author="Pomponi, S. A. & Kelly, M. & Reed, J. K. & Wright, A. E." box="[816,1047,1340,1367]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="344 - 353" refId="ref15044" refString="Pomponi, S. A., Kelly, M., Reed, J. K. & Wright, A. E. (2001) Diversity and bathymetric distribution of lithistid sponges in the tropical western Atlantic region. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 344 - 353." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Pomponi
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FC3DFAECFC33715B" box="[924,973,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present material conforms to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7245DF7F02FFB7FF36FAB0FED37177" authorityName="van Soest, Meesters & Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,301,1376,1403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adhaerens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF36FAB0FF557177" box="[151,171,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FF18FAB1FED37177" box="[185,301,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">adhaerens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE343AD7F02FFB7FDEFFAB0FCC27176" author="van Soest, R. W. M. & Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E." box="[590,828,1376,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="141" pagination="401 - 443" refId="ref16401" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Meesters, E. H. W. G. & Becking, L. E. (2014) Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curacao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3878 (5), 401 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3878.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="B906E24E7F02FFB7FD60FAB0FD0C7177" box="[705,754,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |