treatments-xml/data/03/F8/87/03F887DEFFA9FFD99CD60EF1D3FEFE06.xml

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<mods:title id="200781FBD04784B3335FB48F0E474911">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA9FFE69CD60EF1D511FE04" ID-CoL="3JB7D" authority="Hincks, 1861" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,552,440,466]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenellum">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69CD60EF1D6B9FE04" bold="true" box="[151,384,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Halecium tenellum</emphasis>
Hincks, 1861
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFA9FFE69CD60E93D7DCFE25" box="[151,229,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1188,1210]" captionTargetBox="[339,1245,623,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[337,1251,618,1166]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 67. Halecium tenellum: A, part of stem; B, female gonophore; C, male gonophore (B, C same scale bar) (A drawn by C. G. Di Camillo; B, C redrawn and modified after Millard 1975 by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242796/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
A–C
</paragraph>
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See 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69C830D6AD555FDEE" box="[194,620,546,568]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
for a complete synonymy.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69CD60BEDD626FB6F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1188,1210]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 67.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA9FFE69D640BEDD6DDFB6C" box="[293,484,1188,1210]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69D640BEDD6DDFB6C" box="[293,484,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Halecium tenellum</emphasis>
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: 
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, part of stem; 
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, female gonophore; 
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, male gonophore (B, C same scale bar) (A drawn by C.G. Di Camillo; B, C redrawn and modified after Millard 1975 by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm.
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69CD60A4CD6B9FAC8" bold="true" box="[151,384,1285,1310]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Material examined.</emphasis>
HCUS-S 0 74 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA9FFE69C860A60D67BF8EC" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C860A60D668FA94" bold="true" box="[199,337,1321,1346]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Description</emphasis>
(based on our own observations; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69E8A0A63D3ACFA94" author="Pena" box="[715,1173,1322,1346]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C860A04D60AFAB0" bold="true" box="[199,307,1357,1382]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Hydroid.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza stolonal, colonies erect; hydrocauli very thin and delicate, monosiphonic, up to 
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high, irregularly branched, internodes long, in a zigzag arrangement, separated by transverse nodes; hydrocladia may originate from hydrothecal base; hydrothecae shallow, walls widening from base to top giving a wide aperture, rim everted and curved outwards, borne laterally at upper part of internodes, alternate and provided with a well developed hydrophore, secondary hydrothecae provided with hydrophore, may arise from primary hydrothecae. Gonothecae: male gonothecae ovate and flattened, female similar but slightly larger and broader.
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C86096CD602F9E8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1573,1598]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Cnidome.</emphasis>
Microbasic euryteles and mastigophores.
</paragraph>
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Habitat 
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.
</emphasis>
Eurybathic species that has been found from 0.5 to 
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depth (
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE6997B0903D62BF950" author="Boero" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C8609D8D678F97C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1681,1706]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Substrate.</emphasis>
Algae, hydroids, concretions, 
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69ED909D8D433F97C" box="[664,778,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, anthozoans, sponge.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C8609FCD66DF918" bold="true" box="[199,340,1717,1742]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Seasonality.</emphasis>
April (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69DEB09FCD500F918" author="Picard" box="[426,569,1717,1742]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Picard, J. (1955) Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des Herbiers mediterraneens de Posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine D'Endoume, 15 (Bulleton 9), 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Picard 1955</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986), May (Medel 
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69F2809FFD4A4F918" box="[873,925,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1998), and October–March, July (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE6997709FFD636F924" author="Boero" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
) in the western Mediterranean; June, July (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA9FFE69C8609B4D67BF8EC" blockId="95.[151,1437,1285,2030]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C8609B4D6F7F8C0" bold="true" box="[199,462,1789,1814]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
April (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69E7009B4D5FFF8C0" author="Picard" box="[561,710,1789,1814]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Picard, J. (1955) Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des Herbiers mediterraneens de Posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine D'Endoume, 15 (Bulleton 9), 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Picard 1955</bibRefCitation>
; Gili 1986) and May (Medel 
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE6980909B7D3BAF8C0" box="[1096,1155,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1998) in the western Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA9FFE69C86080CD223F838" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA9FFE69C86080CD5AFF81C" blockId="95.[151,1437,1285,2030]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C86080CD659F888" bold="true" box="[199,352,1861,1886]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan species present in the eastern and western Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indo-Pacific, Arctic, 
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FFA9FFE69CAD0820D66DF854" box="[236,340,1897,1922]" name="Antarctica" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69D240820D6D5F854" author="Broch" box="[357,492,1897,1922]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Broch, H. (1918) Hydroida. (Part II). Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (7), 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1918">
Broch 
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in part as 
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69E270820D41EF857" box="[614,807,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Halecium textum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Stepan’yants 1979; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE699770820D6ABF870" author="Medel" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Medel 
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69DAD08C7D525F870" box="[492,540,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1998; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69E3008C7D301F870" author="Pena" box="[625,1080,1934,1958]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon 
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE698ED08C7D3DDF870" box="[1196,1252,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2004; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE6997308C4D63AF81C" author="Gravili" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili 
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE699C908C7D794F81C" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2008a
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69D4F08FBD5B2F81C" author="Soto" box="[270,651,1969,1994]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Soto Angel, J. J. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. (2013) Shallow-water benthic hydroids from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 34 (s 1), 177 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / maec. 12035" type="journal article" year="2013">Soto Ãngel &amp; Peña Cantero 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA9FFE69C86089CD223F838" blockId="95.[151,1437,1285,2030]" box="[199,1306,2005,2030]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE69C86089CD697F838" bold="true" box="[199,430,2005,2030]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
Rare at Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA9FFE69FF5089CD3ABF838" author="Gravili" box="[948,1170,2005,2030]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili 
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA9FFE6984A089FD305F838" box="[1035,1084,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2008a
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF96FFD99C860FDED593FECA" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF96FFD99C860FDED593FECA" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD99C860FDED602FF66" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Remarks.</emphasis>
It is not always easy to distinguish the European 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF96FFD99F250FDED4E8FF66" box="[868,977,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD99F250FDED4E8FF66" box="[868,977,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Halecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF96FFD9986E0FD0D3C5FF66" box="[1071,1276,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD9986E0FD0D3C5FF66" box="[1071,1276,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">H. mediterraneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF96FFD9994B0FD0D2ACFF66" box="[1290,1429,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="labrosum">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD9994B0FD0D2ACFF66" box="[1290,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">H. labrosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF96FFD99C8A0FF4D66DFF03" box="[203,340,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD99C8A0FF4D66DFF03" box="[203,340,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">H. tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for details see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF96FFD99E5A0FF5D5DBFF03" author="Schuchert" box="[539,738,188,213]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refString="Schuchert, P. (2005 b) Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Journal of Natural History, 39 (8), 607 - 639. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930400001319" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2005b</bibRefCitation>
). The distinctive characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF96FFD998C00FF4D230FF03" box="[1153,1289,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenellum">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD998C00FF4D230FF03" box="[1153,1289,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">H. tenellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are that the colonies are more 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF96FFD99D260F96D68FFF2E" box="[359,438,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">gracile</taxonomicName>
, non-polysiphonic and smaller than those of the other two species, with internodes more elongate, strongly arranged in a zigzag manner.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF96FFD99C860E6ED3FEFE06" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF96FFD99C860E6ED3FEFE06" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF96FFD99C860E6ED669FE96" bold="true" box="[199,336,295,320]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF96FFD99D180E6ED54BFE96" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[345,626,295,320]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1911) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. II. - Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 5, VI, 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1911">Motz-Kossowska (1911)</bibRefCitation>
, 
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), 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF96FFD999530E05D7E2FE5E" author="Llobet" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. &amp; Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
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, Bouillon 
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(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF96FFD99EBF0EFED4D5FE06" box="[766,1004,439,464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
Gravili 
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. (2008a)
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, Puce 
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. (2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>