treatments-xml/data/03/ED/3C/03ED3C65AC136140FF28F6A4B6FDFDF9.xml

<document id="52D1AAF5C73789742A99C899F122C523" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189364" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7969d38-5da7-4afd-94d6-d1847742fe31" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189364" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461101326732" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Toroitich, Faith J., Ueckermann, Edward A., Theron, Pieter D. &amp; Knapp, Markus" docDate="2009" docId="03ED3C65AC136140FF28F6A4B6FDFDF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02176p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tetranychus evansi Baker &amp; Pritchard 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFD4441DAC19614BFFBFF379B624FFCD" masterDocTitle="The tetranychid mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) of Kenya and a redescription of the species Peltanobia erasmusi Meyer (Acari: Tetranychidae) based on males" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698591485367" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="19EBEF93461290D607F53113506756FB">The tetranychid mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) of Kenya and a redescription of the species Peltanobia erasmusi Meyer (Acari: Tetranychidae) based on males</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C23F323ADB981563A4E2D64E226A482">Toroitich, Faith J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A06A0679B2C4DACD6175FC4BF525CBA">Ueckermann, Edward A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50FBE66E3E1E9F4AAD7FFCA80C1ED6AF">Theron, Pieter D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59FCC2ADF5AA7A8697C5E59B39DAA847">Knapp, Markus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="06AA282C0F9728C9EA50C82261F34ED1">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03ED3C65AC136140FF28F6A4B6FDFDF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6218697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6218697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED3C65AC136140FF28F6A4B6FDFDF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED3C65AC136140FF28F6A4B6FDFDF9" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="C35EDEF8AC136141FF28F6A4B5F3F978" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB8D73AC136141FF28F6A4B49AFA3A" blockId="10.[151,702,1501,1527]" box="[151,702,1501,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D0B33A1FAC136141FF28F6A4B49AFA3A" bold="true" box="[151,702,1501,1527]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FF28F6A4B49AFA3A" authority="Baker &amp; Pritchard, 1960" authorityName="Baker &amp; Pritchard" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,702,1501,1527]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tetranychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FF28F6A4B49AFA3A" bold="true" box="[151,702,1501,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FF28F6A4B75BFA3A" bold="true" box="[151,383,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Tetranychus evansi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5F082AC136141FE38F6A4B49AFA3A" author="Baker" box="[391,702,1501,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" refString="Baker, E. W. &amp; Pritchard, A. E. (1960) The tetranychoid mites of Africa. Hilgardia, 29, 455 - 574." type="journal article" year="1960">
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC136141FE38F6A4B7F7FA3A" box="[391,467,1501,1527]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Baker</collectingCountry>
&amp; Pritchard, 1960
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB8D73AC136141FF28F55EB5F3F978" blockId="10.[151,1437,1575,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FF45F551B745F98C" box="[250,353,1576,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tetranychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FF45F551B745F98C" box="[250,353,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">T. evansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a slender aedeagal shaft that curves dorsad; axis of knob forms a strong angle with shaft axis; knob very small but bearing a small anterior projection and a relatively longer acute and somewhat deflexed posterior projection (
<figureCitation id="137F91F6AC136141FE47F50DB478F943" box="[504,604,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,258,1465,1489]" captionTargetBox="[175,1370,482,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,467,1440]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tetranychus sp. aedegi modified after Meyer, 1974 (with permission).: (A) T. evansi aedeagus; (B) T. lombardiini aedeagus; (C) T. ludeni aedeagus; (D) T. neocaledonicus aedeagus; (E) T. urticae aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189369/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figure 5</figureCitation>
A). Female tarsus I with proximal pair of duplex setae more or less in a line with tactile setae and empodium I with a minute mediodorsal spur.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35EDEF8AC136141FF7AF5B8B3BFF89D" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB8D73AC136141FF7AF5B8B3BFF89D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1575,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FF7AF5B8B7FDF916" bold="true" box="[197,473,1729,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
Many specimens have been examined all collected on solanaceous plants from 
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC136141FF28F590B6C2F8CE" box="[151,230,1769,1795]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Kenya</collectingCountry>
which include 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FE1AF590B4FFF8CF" box="[421,731,1769,1794]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycopersicon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculentum">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FE1AF590B4FFF8CF" box="[421,731,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Lycopersicon esculentum</emphasis>
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from Kajiado, Migori, Suba, Nakuru, Machakos, Kwale, Makueni and Taita districts; 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FE47F469B4F0F8E4" box="[504,724,1808,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FE47F469B4F0F8E4" box="[504,724,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mwea; 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FCC3F469B263F8E4" box="[892,1095,1808,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FCC3F469B263F8E4" box="[892,1095,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Solanum nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Baringo, Kiambu and Taita; 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FF5FF44FB7EBF882" box="[224,463,1846,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FF5FF44FB7EBF882" box="[224,463,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Solanum melongena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kibwezi and Machakos and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FCDBF44FB269F882" box="[868,1101,1846,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FCDBF44FB269F882" box="[868,1101,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sagana, Nyeri district.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35EDEF8AC136140FF7AF425B6FDFDF9" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFB8D73AC136140FF7AF425B6FDFDF9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1575,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,152,564]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FF7AF425B762F8BB" bold="true" box="[197,326,1884,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was first described from 
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC136141FC96F425B585F8BB" box="[809,929,1884,1910]" name="Mauritius" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC136141FC6EF424B77CF850" authority="Baker and Pritchard, 1960" authorityName="Baker and Pritchard" authorityYear="1960" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycopersicon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculentum">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC136141FC6EF424B32EF8BB" box="[977,1290,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Lycopersicon esculentum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5F082AC136141FAA3F425B774F850" author="Baker" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" refString="Baker, E. W. &amp; Pritchard, A. E. (1960) The tetranychoid mites of Africa. Hilgardia, 29, 455 - 574." type="journal article" year="1960">
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC136141FAA3F425B34CF8BB" box="[1308,1384,1884,1910]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Baker</collectingCountry>
and Pritchard, 1960
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)
</taxonomicName>
and is considered an invasive in Africa and parts of Europe. It has a worldwide occurrence but is not considered as a serious pest in the country of origin which is believed to be 
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC136141FB11F4D3B2D8F809" box="[1198,1276,1962,1988]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. However, in introduced places, it posses a threat to commercial production of solanaceous crops especially in greenhouse conditions and warmer climates. This species has been reported on a wide variety of host plants but it shows preference for plants from the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC126140FDD1F3C7B4DCFF15" box="[622,760,190,216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">solanaceae</taxonomicName>
. An earlier report of this species was on 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC126140FB48F3C6B79DFF32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycopersicon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculentum">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC126140FB48F3C6B73FFF33" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Lycopersicon esculentum</emphasis>
(Solanaceae)
</taxonomicName>
from Kirinyaga district (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5F082AC126140FD61F39CB59FFF32" author="Knapp" box="[734,955,229,255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Knapp, M., Wagener, B. &amp; Najavas, M. (2003) Molecular discrimination between the spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker &amp; Pritchard, an important pest of tomatoes in Southern Africa, and the closely related species T. urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). African Entomology, 11, 300 - 304." type="journal article" year="2003">
Knapp 
<emphasis id="B9305161AC126140FC8AF39CB54CFF33" box="[821,872,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
) and is currently the most important pest in tomato production in 
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC126140FE04F275B42DFEEB" box="[443,521,268,294]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Kenya</collectingCountry>
being wide spread in the major tomato growing areas. Biological control of this pest using the phytoseiid mite 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC126140FDF8F24BB58CFE81" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" box="[583,936,306,332]" class="Arachnida" family="Phytoseiidae" genus="Phytoseiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC126140FDF8F24BB570FE86" box="[583,852,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Phytoseiulus longipes</emphasis>
Evans
</taxonomicName>
are underway and preliminary results in 
<collectingCountry id="F353CDE3AC126140FF28F220B6C0FEBE" box="[151,228,345,371]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Kenya</collectingCountry>
show high levels of control in the laboratory. However, field efficacy of the predator is not known since field releases have not been carried out. This species is brick-red to dark orange in colour when observed in the field. It produces dense webbing compared to the other species of the same genus in the field. In severe cases, the web produced covers the entire plant. Some pesticides registered for the control of spider mite are still effective in their control except dimethoate which is ineffective against 
<taxonomicName id="4C44F6F0AC126140FBA6F28DB25BFDC0" box="[1049,1151,500,525]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tetranychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evansi">
<emphasis id="B9305161AC126140FBA6F28DB25BFDC0" box="[1049,1151,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">T. evansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Toroitich, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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