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<document id="723D9350E86E793FA5EF1BDB3953AABB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5275629" ID-ZooBank="9E4C123C-5FA9-4414-BFCC-7DCEADC7A3A3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629927071433" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lage, Anaíra, Carvalho, Mariana De S. &amp; Menegola, Carla" docDate="2013" docId="03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03734p300.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3734 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ciocalapata minuspiculifera Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="298" masterDocId="FFDCFFB53C7EFF89020AFFB1BE1E5314" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Halichondrida (Demospongiae) and the first record of Phycopsis and Ciocalapata for Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="292" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1699128653328" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C51DE9027916F374537CE6501C53140B">Two new species of Halichondrida (Demospongiae) and the first record of Phycopsis and Ciocalapata for Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C3AC1784D029EEB0BF93FDBFA450CB7B">Lage, Anaíra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57DCE18EB884DDBDB7157ECDD5C1A707">Carvalho, Mariana De S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7407BCC10C4115B26A4B696EBCF948B">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD982F41615BB51328EA01A5CDB98FED" type="email">carla.menegola@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="DE800CF6005131E5350211E90313E689">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D8B48F81E05C6D64532AA51122DAD5DD">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BDE6DF188EA0BD3A3ABADDCBE59409DF">2013-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC79F1A0A3BB69002C5EEFD7165BC96C">3734</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C8273AB401821146883382749F0CC664" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5271367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5271367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="D0BB81B73C7BFF8C029DFF26BC4A53A6" bold="true" box="[151,596,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C029DFF26BC4A53A6" bold="true" box="[151,596,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C7BFF8C029DFF26BFF153A5" ID-CoL="VFBC" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,495,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C029DFF26BFF153A5" bold="true" box="[151,495,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C7BFF8C03FCFF29BC4A53A6" box="[502,596,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C7BFF8C029DFF0BBAFE52B2" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C7BFF8C029DFF0BBF8853C7" blockId="5.[151,596,151,211]" box="[151,406,186,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C7BFF8C029DFF0BBF2F53C7" box="[151,305,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-258@5.[151,1436,755,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.: (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Figure 3 A–F</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6CE03603C7BFF8C0336FF0BBF8C53C7" box="[316,402,186,211]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,241,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of the types of Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov. Values in micrometers (µm) expressed as follows: minimum–average–maximum." pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C7BFF8C029DFF4CBFDE522E" blockId="5.[151,1436,253,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<materialsCitation id="3B243C863C7BFF8C029DFF4CBFDE522E" collectingDate="2009-10-05" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="L. Freitas." country="Brazil" elevation="15" latitude="-13.7575" location="Marau" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.883892" municipality="Camamu Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="UFBA 3118" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F788793C7BFF8C029DFF4CBF1A5202" box="[151,260,253,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBEA9EA03C7BFF8C031EFF4CBFBA5202" box="[276,420,253,278]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">UFBA 3118</specimenCode>
-POR,
<collectingCountry id="F35B764B3C7BFF8C03FFFF4CBC225202" box="[501,572,253,278]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E9360003C7BFF8C0047FF4CBC875202" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC:8E9360003C7BFF8C0047FF4CBC875202" box="[589,665,253,278]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.7575" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.883892" municipality="Camamu Bay" name="Marau" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Maraú</location>
, off
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97ACA13C7BFF8C00DDFF4CBD695202" box="[727,887,253,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Camamu Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, # RN4,
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/
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,
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<elevation id="0061D1E83C7BFF8C0726FF4CBB895201" box="[1324,1431,253,278]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="FFF2101B3C7BFF8C029DFE90BF14522E" box="[151,266,289,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" value="2009-10-05">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9F33C7BFF8C029DFE90BF14522E" box="[151,266,289,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" value="2009-10-05">05.x.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26B9530D3C7BFF8C0347FE93BFDE522E" box="[333,448,289,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">L. Freitas.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C7BFF8C02CDFEF7BAFE52B2" blockId="5.[151,1436,253,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<materialsCitation id="3B243C863C7BFF8C02CDFEF7BCB95296" collectingDate="2012-10-24" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="C. Castello-Branco &amp; A. Lage" country="Brazil" elevation="15" latitude="-13.7575" location="Marau" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.883892" municipality="Camamu Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="UFBA 4210" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54F788793C7BFF8C02CDFEF7BF26524A" box="[199,312,326,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBEA9EA03C7BFF8C034EFEF4BFCC524A" box="[324,466,325,350]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">UFBA 4210</specimenCode>
-POR,
<collectingCountry id="F35B764B3C7BFF8C0015FEF4BC78524A" box="[543,614,325,350]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E9360003C7BFF8C007EFEF4BCDE524A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC:8E9360003C7BFF8C007EFEF4BCDE524A" box="[628,704,325,350]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.7575" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.883892" municipality="Camamu Bay" name="Marau" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Maraú</location>
, off
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97ACA13C7BFF8C00FCFEF4BD8C524A" box="[758,914,325,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Camamu Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, # RN4,
<geoCoordinate id="EE78501C3C7BFF8C01F1FEF4BA63524A" box="[1019,1149,325,350]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-13.7575">13º45’27”S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE78501C3C7BFF8C069CFEF4BB3D524A" box="[1174,1315,325,350]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-38.883892">38º53’02”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C7BFF8C073AFEF4BB895249" box="[1328,1431,325,350]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">
<elevation id="0061D1E83C7BFF8C073AFEF4BB895249" box="[1328,1431,325,350]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF2101B3C7BFF8C029DFED8BF175296" box="[151,265,361,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" value="2012-10-24">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9F33C7BFF8C029DFED8BF175296" box="[151,265,361,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" value="2012-10-24">24.x.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26B9530D3C7BFF8C0344FED8BC3B5296" box="[334,549,361,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">C. Castello-Branco</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B9530D3C7BFF8C0040FED8BCB95296" box="[586,679,361,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">A. Lage</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B243C863C7BFF8C00BEFED8BAFE52B2" collectingDate="2012-10-25" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="de Terra &amp; C. Castello-Branco &amp; M. Filgueiras." country="Brazil" county="Anguara de Terra" elevation="20" latitude="-14.051733" location="Marau" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.915283" municipality="Camamu Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="UFBA 4217" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBEA9EA03C7BFF8C00BEFED8BD215296" box="[692,831,361,386]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">UFBA 4217</specimenCode>
-POR,
<collectingCountry id="F35B764B3C7BFF8C0186FED8BDCD5296" box="[908,979,361,386]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E9360003C7BFF8C01D5FED8BA355296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587CD3C7BFF8E029DFF26BAD053EC:8E9360003C7BFF8C01D5FED8BA355296" box="[991,1067,361,386]" country="Brazil" county="Anguara de Terra" latitude="-14.051733" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.915283" municipality="Camamu Bay" name="Marau" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Maraú</location>
, off
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97ACA13C7BFF8C0654FED8BAE65296" box="[1118,1272,361,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Camamu Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, #
<collectingCounty id="62924E573C7BFF8C0710FED8BECB52B1" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
Anguara
<collectorName id="26B9530D3C7BFF8C0788FED8BECB52B1" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">de Terra</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE78501C3C7BFF8C02D5FE3CBF7452B2" box="[223,362,397,422]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="03.104" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" precision="1" value="-14.051733">14º03.104’S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE78501C3C7BFF8C038AFE3CBC0B52B2" box="[384,533,397,422]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="54.917" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" precision="1" value="-38.915283">38º54.917’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C7BFF8C002BFE3CBC9B52B1" box="[545,645,397,422]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">
<elevation id="0061D1E83C7BFF8C002BFE3CBC9B52B1" box="[545,645,397,422]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">19–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF2101B3C7BFF8C009BFE3CBD1A52B2" box="[657,772,397,422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" value="2012-10-25">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9F33C7BFF8C009BFE3CBD1A52B2" box="[657,772,397,422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" value="2012-10-25">25.x.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26B9530D3C7BFF8C014DFE3CBA0052B2" box="[839,1054,397,422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">C. Castello-Branco</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B9530D3C7BFF8C0648FE3FBAFE52B2" box="[1090,1248,397,422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">M. Filgueiras.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C7BFF8C02CDFE01BD525106" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C7BFF8C02CDFE01BD525106" blockId="5.[151,1436,253,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C02CDFE01BF5F52DD" bold="true" box="[199,321,432,457]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C7BFF8C0341FE00BFC852DD" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[331,470,433,457]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C0341FE00BFC852DD" box="[331,470,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with massive, globose shaped, depressions formed by a porous mesh surface, rosy color with white spots alive, and two categories of oxeas (oxeas I: 500–1060 / 20–50 µm and oxeas II: 146.3–417.6 / 5.3–10.6 µm) and one of styles (205.2–913.1 / 20.5–41 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C7BFF8F02CDFDADBAFE510C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C7BFF8C02CDFDADBB5B51D2" blockId="5.[151,1436,253,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C02CDFDADBF475121" bold="true" box="[199,345,540,565]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
Specimens are irregular, massive or globose. The
<typeStatus id="54F788793C7BFF8C0196FDACBDE05122" box="[924,1022,541,566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(UFBA 3118-POR) measures about
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C7BFF8C029DFDF0BEF4514D" box="[151,234,577,602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
length and
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C7BFF8C0372FDF0BFD5514D" box="[376,459,577,602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
high. Surface irregular, microhispid, slightly velvety, covered with sediment. Small depressions formed by a porous mesh and grooves near the oscules are observed. Consistency is firm, incompressible and easy to cut. Oscules, when observed, dispersed with
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C7BFF8C01B4FD38BA0451B5" box="[958,1050,649,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Color in
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C0706FD3BBB2A51B5" box="[1292,1332,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">situ</emphasis>
is purple with white spots on the outer surface and beige inside, being cream-yellowish in spirit (
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C7BFF8C0660FD1CBAC051D2" box="[1130,1246,685,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-258@5.[151,1436,755,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.: (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C7BFF8C071EFD1CBB2651D2" box="[1300,1336,685,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,658,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-137@2.[151,1436,658,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phycopsis styloxeata sp. nov. (UFBA 4209-POR): (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea; (D) Style I; (E) Style II; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 1 cm; C–D, 50 µm; E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275633/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3366533C7BFF8C029DF809BD4854E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" startId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" targetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C7BFF8C029DF809BD4854E5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1976,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C029DF809BF0A54D9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1976,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C7BFF8C0316F809BC2154DA" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[284,575,1976,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C0316F809BC2154DA" box="[284,575,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C004DF808BC8654DA" bold="true" box="[583,664,1977,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C7BFF8C004DF808BC8654DA" box="[583,664,1977,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (A) specimen
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C7BFF8C0130F808BD6454DA" box="[826,890,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="297">in situ</emphasis>
; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFF26BF6353C1" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDFF26BF2E53A4" bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" reason="1">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres: two categories of oxeas and one category of styles (see
<tableCitation id="C6CE03603C78FF8F0671FF26BACD53A4" box="[1147,1235,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,241,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of the types of Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov. Values in micrometers (µm) expressed as follows: minimum–average–maximum." pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Table 2</tableCitation>
for dimensions). Microscleres absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFF6EBFA05209" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
Oxea I (
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C78FF8F032AFF6EBF8D53EC" box="[288,403,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-258@5.[151,1436,755,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.: (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
) abundant, stout, straight and curved, smooth with hastate ends: 500–788.8–1060 /20–34.6– 50 µm (length/ thickness).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFE96BC1A5271" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
Oxea II (
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C78FF8F0327FE96BFBA5254" box="[301,420,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-258@5.[151,1436,755,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.: (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
) smooth, slender, straight to slightly curved with acerate ends: 146.3–267.5–417.6 / 5.3– 8.1–10.6 µm (length/ thickness).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFEDEBCC352B9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
Styles (
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C78FF8F0317FEDEBF8C529C" box="[285,402,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-258@5.[151,1436,755,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.: (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
) less abundant than oxeas, smooth, straight, with regular blunt and pointed ends: 205.2– 587.7–913.1 / 20.5–30.5–41 µm (length/ thickness).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFE06BAFE510C" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDFE06BF2A52C4" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" reason="1">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal skeleton detachable with a thin impregnation of spongin and sediment. Smaller oxeas (oxeas II) are disposed in bundles directed toward the surface and supported by the larger choanosomal ones (Oxeas I). Choanosomal skeleton confused with no distinction of bundles or reticules (
<figureCitation id="13772A5E3C78FF8F066AFE4EBACD510C" box="[1120,1235,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,755,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-258@5.[151,1436,755,1955]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.: (A) specimen in situ; (B) specimen in spirit; (C) Oxea I; (D) Oxea II; (E) Style; (F) Skeleton. Scale bars: A–B, 2 cm; C–E, 100 µm; F, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5275635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5275635/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3366533C78FF8F029DFDF9BCD4516B" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" startId="6.[151,241,584,607]">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F029DFDF9BCD4516B" blockId="6.[151,1436,583,639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F029DFDF9BF11514B" bold="true" box="[151,271,584,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of the types of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F00C9FDF6BDE6514B" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[707,1016,583,607]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F00C9FDF6BDE6514B" box="[707,1016,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0609FDF9BA42514B" bold="true" box="[1027,1116,584,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C78FF8F0609FDF9BA42514B" box="[1027,1116,584,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Values in micrometers (µm) expressed as follows: minimum–average–maximum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F0382FD2BBACC50AA" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<table id="F94CC47B3C7800760295FD2BBB0450AA" box="[159,1306,666,958]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<tr id="357C34993C7800760295FD2BBB0451A4" box="[159,1306,666,688]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AD5DE53C7800760382FD2BBC4051A4" box="[392,606,666,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Holotype</th>
<th id="76AD5DE53C7800760105FD2BBDD751A4" box="[783,969,666,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Paratype</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34993C7800760295FD75BB0451CE" box="[159,1306,708,730]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760382FD75BC4051CE" box="[392,606,708,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">UFBA 3118–POR</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760105FD75BDD751CE" box="[783,969,708,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">UFBA 4210–POR</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760650FD75BB0451CE" box="[1114,1306,708,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">UFBA 4217– POR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34993C7800760295FD5CBB045032" box="[159,1306,749,806]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<th id="76AD5DE53C7800760295FD5CBEEA5032" box="[159,244,749,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Oxeas I</th>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760382FD5CBC405032" box="[392,606,749,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">500–788.8–1060/ 20–34.6–50</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760105FD5CBDD75032" box="[783,969,749,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">500–733.2–920/ 20–28–30</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760650FD5CBB045032" box="[1114,1306,749,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">510–679.4–900/ 20–31.8–40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34993C7800760295FC88BB045066" box="[159,1306,825,882]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<th id="76AD5DE53C7800760295FC88BEEA5066" box="[159,244,825,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Oxeas II</th>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760382FC88BC405066" box="[392,606,825,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">146,3–267.5–417.6/ 5,3–8.1–10.6</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760105FC88BDD75066" box="[783,969,825,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">70–296.6–440/ 10–16.6–20</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760650FC88BB045066" box="[1114,1306,825,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">130–259.2–400/ 10–18.4–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34993C7800760295FC34BB0450AA" box="[159,1306,901,958]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<th id="76AD5DE53C7800760295FC34BEEA50AA" box="[159,244,901,958]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Styles</th>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760382FC34BC4050AA" box="[392,606,901,958]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">205.2–587.7–913.1/ 20.5–30.5–41</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760105FC34BDD750AA" box="[783,969,901,958]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">400–556.9–820/ 20–24.2–30</td>
<td id="76AD5DE53C7800760650FC34BB0450AA" box="[1114,1306,901,958]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">230–615.4–900/ 30–33.8–40</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C78FF8F02CDFBB2BAB05777" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFBB2BAB05777" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDFBB2BF35570F" bold="true" box="[199,299,1027,1051]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" reason="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F033EFBB2BC66570F" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[308,632,1027,1051]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F033EFBB2BC66570F" box="[308,632,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F008BFBB2BCC3570F" bold="true" box="[641,733,1027,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C78FF8F008BFBB2BCC3570F" box="[641,733,1027,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is typical of rocky or coral bottoms between 14 and
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C78FF8F0748FBB3BB63570E" box="[1346,1405,1026,1051]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
in depth. Most found specimens were covered by sediment and encrusting erect colonies of bryozoans (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0701FB97BF815777" authority="(Marcus, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mordax">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0701FB97BEF55777" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Celleporaria mordax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F02F0FBFBBF885777" author="Marcus, E." box="[250,406,1098,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" refId="ref4451" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros I. Zoologia no. 1. Boletins da Faculdade de Philosophia, Sciencias e Letras, 224 pp." type="book" year="1937">Marcus, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F03DFFBFABCBA5776" box="[469,676,1099,1123]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Scrupocellaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F03DFFBFABC655777" box="[469,635,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Scrupocellaria</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, respectively), some ascidians and ophiuroids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C78FF8F02CDFBDEBCC457BE" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFBDEBCC457BE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDFBDEBF505793" bold="true" box="[199,334,1135,1159]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F03D9FBDFBC9D5792" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[467,643,1134,1158]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F03D9FBDFBC9D5792" box="[467,643,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to all categories of spicules that are smaller than those of the unique congeneric species
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F03CEFB22BCCD57BF" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[452,723,1171,1195]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F03CEFB22BCCD57BF" box="[452,723,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata amorphosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C78FF8F02CDFB07BCF357E7" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFB07BCF357E7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDFB07BF7E57DB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1206,1231]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
Provisionally endemic off Camamu Bay (13º45’27”–
<geoCoordinate id="EE78501C3C78FF8F01DAFB07BA7857DB" box="[976,1126,1206,1231]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" precision="1" seconds="10.1" value="-14.052806">14º03’10.1”S</geoCoordinate>
/ 38º53’02”– 38º54’.52.2” W), Maraú,
<collectingRegion id="4988F8393C78FF8F032AFB6BBF7A57E7" box="[288,356,1242,1267]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35B764B3C78FF8F0365FB6BBFAD57E7" box="[367,435,1242,1267]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C78FF8F03B0FB6BBC0357E6" box="[442,541,1242,1267]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14–20 m</quantity>
depth (NE
<collectingCountry id="F35B764B3C78FF8F0095FB6BBCFB57E7" box="[671,741,1242,1267]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Brazil</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35665503C78FF8E02CDFB4EBAD053EC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFB4EBDF656DF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDFB4EBF255603" bold="true" box="[199,315,1279,1303]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F03B4FB4FBD2B5603" authority="de Laubenfels, 1936" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[446,821,1278,1303]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F03B4FB4FBC575602" box="[446,585,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F005AFB4FBD2B5603" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[592,821,1278,1303]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref4004" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper), 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">de Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by a detachable ectosomal skeleton, a choanosome with bundles of spicules surrounding choanosomal spaces (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F01CAFA93BB10562F" author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[960,1294,1314,1339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="1867" refId="ref4087" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 816." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; Van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and a set of spicules composed of oxeas and true styles.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F009BFAF6BD89564B" author="van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A." box="[657,919,1350,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="15 - 62" refId="ref5087" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the halichondrids (Porifera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40, 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0100FAF6BD23564A" box="[778,829,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">et al</emphasis>
. (1990)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0628FAF7BAB3564A" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[1058,1197,1350,1374]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0628FAF7BAB3564A" box="[1058,1197,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F029DFADABFC55697" authority="Fleming, 1828" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,475,1386,1411]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F029DFADABF305697" box="[151,302,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Halichondria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F033CFADBBFC55697" author="Fleming, J." box="[310,475,1386,1411]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="518 - 527" refId="ref4225" refString="Fleming, J. (1828) Spongiadae. In: A History of British Animals, Exhibiting the Descriptive Characters and Systematical Arrangement of the Genera and Species of Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the Indigenous, Extirpated, and Extinct Kinds, together with Periodical and Occasional Visitants. Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh, pp. 518 - 527." type="book chapter" year="1828">Fleming, 1828</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
due to the characteristics of its skeleton, such as the detachable ectosomal skeleton. However, the presence of large true styles in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0086FA3FBD0856B2" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[652,790,1422,1446]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0086FA3FBD0856B2" box="[652,790,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguishes it species from the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F06F4FA3FBB8B56B2" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[1278,1429,1422,1446]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F06F4FA3FBB8B56B2" box="[1278,1429,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Halichondria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where this
<typeStatus id="54F788793C78FF8F0318FA02BF5C56DF" box="[274,322,1459,1483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">type</typeStatus>
of megascleres is not found (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F0081FA03BDC256DF" author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[651,988,1458,1483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="1867" refId="ref4087" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 816." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; Van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDFA67BF10554F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
The presence of styles (&gt; 800 µm) in the spicular set of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0177FA67BA1656FA" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[893,1032,1494,1518]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0177FA67BA1656FA" box="[893,1032,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
makes the genus more similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F029DFA4ABFC45507" authority="Carter, 1887" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,474,1530,1555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Amorphinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F029DFA4ABF5F5507" box="[151,321,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Amorphinopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F0340FA4BBFC45507" author="Carter, H. J." box="[330,474,1530,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="61 - 84" refId="ref3916" refString="Carter, H. J. (1887) Report on the Marine Sponges, chiefly from King Island, in the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr. John Anderson, F. R. S. Superintendent of the Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology, 21, 61 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1887. tb 00381. x" type="journal article" year="1887">Carter, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0057FA4ABD195507" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1887" box="[605,775,1531,1555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Amorphinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0057FA4ABD195507" box="[605,775,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Amorphinopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller styles (200–400 µm). Currently,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F071BFA4ABB825507" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[1297,1436,1531,1555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F071BFA4ABB825507" box="[1297,1436,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises a single valid species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0013F9AFBA4F5523" authority="(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[537,1105,1566,1591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0013F9AFBD325522" box="[537,812,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata amorphosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B2A3C78FF8F0137F9AFBA575523" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[829,1097,1566,1591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" pagination="470 - 493" refId="ref4772" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, described from the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F35B764B3C78FF8F029DF9F3BF14554F" box="[151,266,1602,1627]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDF9D7BC5655FF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F02CDF9D7BC16556A" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[199,520,1638,1662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F02CDF9D7BC16556A" box="[199,520,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0004F9D6BC79556B" bold="true" box="[526,615,1639,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C78FF8F0004F9D6BC79556B" box="[526,615,1639,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F00F3F9D6BD89556A" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[761,919,1638,1662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F00F3F9D6BD89556A" box="[761,919,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">C. amorphosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of smaller categories of oxeas and styles: oxeas 500–788.8–1060 / 20–34.6–50 µm and 146.3–267.5–417.6 / 5.3–8.1–10.6 µm and styles 205.2– 587.7–913.1 / 20.5–30.5–41 µm. While
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0057F91EBCE255D2" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[605,764,1710,1734]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0057F91EBCE255D2" box="[605,764,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">C. amorphosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has oxeas about 900–1500 / 18–25 µm and 515–680/ 8–10 µm and styles with 940–1150 / 30 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8F02CDF947BDE4548B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
The choanosomal skeleton of the two species also differs.
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F018AF947BA8B541A" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[896,1173,1782,1806]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F018AF947BA8B541A" box="[896,1173,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata amorphosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has choanosome with bundles of 200–300µm forming a trabecular system surrounding choanosomal spaces, with some loose megascleres. Meanwhile
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F03BEF88FBCE85442" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[436,758,1854,1878]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F03BEF88FBCE85442" box="[436,758,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F00F4F88EBD475443" bold="true" box="[766,857,1855,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C78FF8F00F4F88EBD475443" box="[766,857,1855,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
displays a confused choanosomal skeleton without distinct reticulation or bundles. That skeletal characteristic is more similar to genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F0657F8D2BB18546F" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1887" box="[1117,1286,1891,1915]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Amorphinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F0657F8D2BB18546F" box="[1117,1286,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Amorphinopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Meanwhile, the smaller ectosomal styles and its measures are distinctive on either genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336DB3C78FF8E029DF81ABAD053EC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1026,2023]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
In addition to these skeletal differences,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C78FF8F007CF81ABDA254D7" authority="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola, 2013" authorityName="Lage &amp; Carvalho &amp; Menegola" authorityYear="2013" box="[630,956,1963,1987]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuspiculifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F007CF81ABDA254D7" box="[630,956,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">Ciocalapata minuspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C78FF8F01CDF81ABA3B54D7" bold="true" box="[967,1061,1963,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57B23C78FF8F01CDF81ABA3B54D7" box="[967,1061,1963,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
presents a globular shape, with microhispid surface, depressions forming a porous mesh and a firm consistency instead of the amorphous and alveolate shape, spongy consistency and a dermal membranous surface seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C79FF8E0624FF29BACE53A4" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1070,1232,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C79FF8E0624FF29BACE53A4" box="[1070,1232,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">C. amorphosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The bathymetric variation between the two species is also quite significant:
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D583C79FF8E012EFF0DBDDC53C0" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[804,962,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorphosa">
<emphasis id="B938EAC93C79FF8E012EFF0DBDDC53C0" box="[804,962,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="299">C. amorphosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in deep waters, with depths equal to or exceeding 1000 meters, while the new species is found in shallow waters up to
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD523C79FF8E0641FF6EBA9553E3" box="[1099,1163,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CB49B3E3C79FF8E0641FF6EBA9953E3" box="[1099,1159,223,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
deep.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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