250 lines
35 KiB
XML
250 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="C33220B475734533E59DC58C2C0D94FF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174702" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c962198-5485-47c6-8afa-ecf944a4826b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174702" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459787558486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Achatz, Johannes G. & Hooge, Matthew D." docDate="2006" docId="03E587C2F123FFEFFE96FCFD60413820" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01362p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Picola renei Achatz & Hooge, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFDCFFBAF12DFFFCFF9EFFBB611F3A56" masterDocTitle="Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698218790042" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="2F3DA0C764E19FB9CF3D3373772DAE90" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="655DC7654C287D24BDC7549883D5F907">
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<mods:title id="6388F32F553F2DEEC48033B4C03161D2">Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0658D614DF98CA92227F862DFCE697EA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="30E7B267793A92E0130E327D37D1FD8E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A46941EB21C3FD8DB7A5877FC49AE690">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="128241B24EE28C2539F5BA88170F1763">Achatz, Johannes G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B65565E7ECCB19B9D9BB4E892A9BFF75" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD2C403CA6704889917142E2BCE56383">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1241268A5D7F4EC9F8E95A2100D0B37E">Hooge, Matthew D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="19E108FBFD80105EB4391020A8FBEA16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C3C0FAF52641D18B9EF70AB41754F11D">
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<mods:title id="C72BD19A9BB47C1F3D6A4D79E9C27098">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BCB167ED3AC7CA3B37C4D05675F61E61">
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<mods:date id="A1B1F21AE305DFEACD4FED54CD3B8AFB">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="604F7104A43E223C23C10CE9E74B42F4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DF3626F33CF05D10322E18AE34846E77">1362</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8C80DBC75E227BED0A11026CAA48723B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D4E7C17CC4C7E59B9C99066590049A3D">21</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="78F9C0E99B210A8C2F4C5A37385273B6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E11683B0AECFDD633084416456683842" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174702</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7409DB9EC84E37FABAF55817427E8368" type="GBIF-Dataset">5c962198-5485-47c6-8afa-ecf944a4826b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F858D66735002C214DFB88EFF892EA0A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DFCC6322615C53ECDDF81D0E2C4E9849" type="Zenodo-Dep">174702</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587C2F123FFEFFE96FCFD60413820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262176" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119349515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262176" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587C2F123FFEFFE96FCFD60413820" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587C2F123FFEFFE96FCFD60413820" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF123FFF2FE96FCFD608739D5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FE96FCFD60E03936" blockId="14.[264,511,838,899]" box="[264,511,838,864]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0BB81B8F123FFF2FE96FCFD60E03936" bold="true" box="[264,511,838,864]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FE96FCFD60E03936" bold="true" box="[264,511,838,864]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F123FFF2FE96FCFD60863936" ID-CoL="4HQFQ" box="[264,409,838,864]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="renei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FE96FCFD60863936" bold="true" box="[264,409,838,864]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Picola renei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF123FFF2FE3FFCFD60E03936" box="[417,511,838,864]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FE96FCD2608739D5" blockId="14.[264,511,838,899]" box="[264,408,873,899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F123FFF2FE8FFCD2609139D5" box="[273,398,873,899]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="15.[264,367,1609,1633]" captionStartId-1="16.[264,367,1417,1441]" captionStartId-2="17.[264,367,1731,1755]" captionStartId-3="18.[264,367,1274,1298]" captionStartId-4="19.[264,367,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox-0="[322,1275,326,1601]" captionTargetBox-1="[301,1293,588,1396]" captionTargetBox-2="[300,1292,642,1706]" captionTargetBox-3="[281,1306,326,1250]" captionTargetBox-4="[264,1322,686,1300]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[322,1277,326,1602]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[301,1294,588,1396]" captionTargetId-2="figure@17.[300,1294,642,1706]" captionTargetId-3="figure@18.[281,1306,326,1250]" captionTargetId-4="figure@19.[264,1323,686,1300]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimens. B. Ventral view of male and female copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to bursal nozzle. C. Male copulatory organ. Arrow points to penial structure." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Dorsal projection of male and female copulatory organs. C. Lateral projection of male and female copulatory organs. Inset shows magnification of actin-rich penial structure." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with toluidine blue. A. Section through length of body. B. Section of female copulatory organ. C. Section of male copulatory organ. Arrow points to male gonopore, arrowhead to penial structure." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal reconstruction of whole specimen. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; TEM photomicrographs. A. Longitudinal section through the seminal vesicle. Arrowheads point to tissue surrounding the seminal vesicle. B. Crosssection through sperm. Arrowheads point to axonemes, arrows to microtubules." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174710/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174711/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174712/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/174713/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/174714/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8–12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF123FFF2FE96FC0262153F6D" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FE96FC0260AE3E1D" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FE96FC0260DE3985" bold="true" box="[264,449,953,979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus id="54F78876F123FFF2FE96FC02605A3985" box="[264,325,953,979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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Material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54F78876F123FFF2FE56FC0263253985" box="[456,570,953,979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: 3ZooEVV 4652, one set of 1.5-µm-thick serial sagittal sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue.
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<typeStatus id="54F78876F123FFF2FC22FC5A653839AD" box="[956,1063,993,1019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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: 3ZooEVV 4653, one set of 1.5-µm-thick serial sagittal sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FEA6FBE2656E3E25" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" box="[312,1137,1113,1139]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FEA6FBE263143E25" bold="true" box="[312,523,1113,1139]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus id="54F78876F123FFF2FEA6FBE2606A3E25" box="[312,373,1113,1139]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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Repository.
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</emphasis>
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Natural History Museum Vienna (
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<collectionCode id="ED5DAE11F123FFF2FC3EFBE265183E25" box="[928,1031,1113,1139]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NHMW</collectionCode>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F123FFF2FB85FBE2656E3E25" box="[1051,1137,1113,1139]" name="Austria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Austria</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FEA6FB3A641D3E95" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FEA6FB3A60F73ECD" bold="true" box="[312,488,1153,1179]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus id="54F78876F123FFF2FEA6FB3A606A3ECD" box="[312,373,1153,1179]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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Bawi Sandbank,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F123FFF2FD2BFB3A62003ECD" box="[693,799,1153,1179]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B7644F123FFF2FCB4FB3A628C3ECD" box="[810,915,1153,1179]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F123FFF2FC3DFB3A65053ECD" box="[931,1050,1153,1179]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="-6.1359997">6°8'9.6'' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE785013F123FFF2FBB9FB3A65A13ECD" box="[1063,1214,1153,1179]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="39.130722">39°7'50.6'' E</geoCoordinate>
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). Eastern side of sandbank in fine-grained sand near
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F123FFF2FC9EFB12626D3E94" box="[768,882,1193,1218]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FC9EFB12626D3E94" box="[768,882,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thalassia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. and corals at
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<quantity id="4CB49B31F123FFF2FBA3FB1265753E95" box="[1085,1130,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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water depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FEA6FB6A62153F6D" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FEA6FB6A639B3EBD" bold="true" box="[312,644,1233,1259]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Other Material examined.</emphasis>
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Living specimen in squeeze preparations, two complete sets of serial sections of epoxy-embedded specimens stained with toluidine blue, 13 whole-mounts for fluorescence microscopy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF123FFF2FEA6FAF265303F35" box="[312,1071,1353,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FEA6FAF265303F35" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" box="[312,1071,1353,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FEA6FAF260DB3F35" bold="true" box="[312,452,1353,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Species named in honor and memory of Rene Mähr.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356655FF123FFEEFEA6FACA628B3CEA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FEA6FACA631C3C7D" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F123FFF2FEA6FACA60CF3FDD" bold="true" box="[312,464,1393,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
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Mature animals are 300–400 µm long and up to 190 µm wide (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F123FFF2FB23FACA64123FDD" box="[1213,1293,1393,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[264,367,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[322,1275,326,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[322,1277,326,1602]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimens. B. Ventral view of male and female copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to bursal nozzle. C. Male copulatory organ. Arrow points to penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174710/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
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A, 9A). The epidermis is ~4 µm thick, its nuclei are not sunken beneath the body-wall musculature. The epidermis is entirely ciliated, with cilia that are 6 µm long. The bodywall musculature consists of outer circular muscles, cross-over muscles, and few inner longitudinal muscles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFF2FEA6F98265B73D4D" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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On the ventral side, approximately three pairs of longitudinal muscles run along the lateral margins. Two pairs of longitudinal muscles are situated centrally and extend caudally, one originating at the posterior edge of the mouth, the other between mouth and lateral margin. Longitudinal cross-over muscles are present. The outermost branch out at the posterior end. Three to five U-shaped muscles extend longitudinally from the anterior tip of the body before bending around the posterior rim of the mouth (
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<figureCitation id="13772A51F123FFF2FBA2F8BA659E3D4D" box="[1084,1153,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[264,367,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[301,1293,588,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[301,1294,588,1396]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Dorsal projection of male and female copulatory organs. C. Lateral projection of male and female copulatory organs. Inset shows magnification of actin-rich penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174711/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F123FFECFEA6F892609D3BD3" blockId="14.[264,1323,953,1899]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1322,284,547]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A statocyst, 16 µm in diameter, is present ~30 µm behind the anterior tip. Numerous yellow-brown zooxanthellae are scattered throughout the parenchyma. A few rhabdoid gland cells containing tightly packed, refractive, needle-shaped rhabdoids are distributed on the dorsal surface. Numerous frontal gland cells fill the anterior third of the animal, constituting a frontal organ. They merge in front of the statocyst and form a large reservoir before they protrude through the frontal pore. A few accessory gland cells containing vesicles lie ventral to the pore. Due to a fixation artifact, rhabdoid gland cells and cyanophilic mucus glands could not be distinguished but the presence of mucous glands is presumed.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF33665CF122FFF3FE96F9F265023CF7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174710/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[322,1275,326,1601]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F122FFF3FE96F9F265023CF7" blockId="15.[264,1323,1609,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F122FFF3FE96F9F260943C37" bold="true" box="[264,395,1609,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F122FFF3FE0CF9F160C83C37" box="[402,471,1610,1633]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F122FFF3FE0CF9F160C83C37" box="[402,471,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Picola</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF122FFF3FE40F9F2635C3C37" box="[478,579,1609,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F122FFF3FE40F9F2635C3C37" bold="true" box="[478,579,1609,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F122FFF3FDD4F9F163603C37" box="[586,639,1610,1633]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="renei" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B938EAC6F122FFF3FDD4F9F163603C37" box="[586,639,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">renei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF122FFF3FD18F9F263C33C37" box="[646,732,1609,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F122FFF3FD18F9F263C33C37" bold="true" box="[646,732,1609,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimens. B. Ventral view of male and female copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to bursal nozzle. C. Male copulatory organ. Arrow points to penial structure.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13DFFECFEA6FE2963CC3B82" blockId="16.[264,1322,284,547]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The nervous system comprises nervous tissue around the frontal organ and statocyst; nerve cords could not be distinguished.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13DFFECFEA6FE5A63E33875" blockId="16.[264,1322,284,547]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The mouth is positioned in the anterior half of the body. The digestive syncytium is inconspicuous, but often contains diatoms.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF33665CF13DFFECFE96FA3265663C56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[301,1293,588,1396]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13DFFECFE96FA3265663C56" blockId="16.[264,1323,1417,1536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13DFFECFE96FA32608D3FF7" bold="true" box="[264,402,1417,1441]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13DFFECFE3EFA3260F93FF6" box="[416,486,1417,1440]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13DFFECFE3EFA3260F93FF6" box="[416,486,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Picola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13DFFECFE6DFA3263403FF7" bold="true" box="[499,607,1417,1441]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF13DFFECFE6DFA3263403FF7" box="[499,607,1417,1441]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13DFFECFDF2FA3263BE3FF6" box="[620,673,1417,1440]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="renei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13DFFECFDF2FA3263BE3FF6" box="[620,673,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">renei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13DFFECFD2EFA3262123FF7" bold="true" box="[688,781,1417,1441]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF13DFFECFD2EFA3262123FF7" box="[688,781,1417,1441]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; whole mounts stained with Alexa-488-labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Dorsal projection of male and female copulatory organs. C. Lateral projection of male and female copulatory organs. Inset shows magnification of actin-rich penial structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13DFFEDFEA6F997654A3B0B" blockId="16.[264,1323,1580,1882]" lastBlockId="17.[264,1322,284,586]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The diffuse testes are paired, lying dorso-lateral to the ovary, and originate in an unpaired germative zone behind the statocyst. Early spermatids contain fine granules that stain metachromatically pink and are joined in later stages by larger vesicles. Later stages get stained more intensively due to higher concentration of granules and vesicles. Dropletshaped spermatids enter the seminal vesicle dorso-ventrally. Within the seminal vesicle a few mature spermatozoa are among many spermatids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13DFFECFC42F94A65573D5D" box="[988,1096,1777,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[300,1292,642,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[300,1294,642,1706]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with toluidine blue. A. Section through length of body. B. Section of female copulatory organ. C. Section of male copulatory organ. Arrow points to male gonopore, arrowhead to penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174712/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, 12A). The spermatozoa have axial microtubules in the cytoplasm and axonemes that lack central microtubules (“9+0”
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78876F13DFFECFD9BF8FB63243D0C" box="[517,571,1856,1882]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13DFFECFDD7F8FB63BE3D0C" box="[585,673,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[264,367,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,686,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[264,1323,686,1300]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; TEM photomicrographs. A. Longitudinal section through the seminal vesicle. Arrowheads point to tissue surrounding the seminal vesicle. B. Crosssection through sperm. Arrowheads point to axonemes, arrows to microtubules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174714/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Due to serial ultrathin sections we can exclude the possibility that erratically occurring electron-dense material within the axonemes, could be a central microtubule or a central pair of microtubules (data not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13CFFEDFEA6FED060D0381C" blockId="17.[264,1322,284,586]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The unpaired ovary is positioned ventral to the testes. A female gonopore and vagina are both absent. The well-developed seminal bursa has a distinct wall and a bursal nozzle that is ~16 µm long and directed antero-ventrally in sectioned animals. The sperm within the seminal bursa lack metachromatic granules, but the vesicles described above are present. Within the vestibulum the sperm have a homogenously stained cytoplasm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13CFFEDFB71FDB2603A381C" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[300,1292,642,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[300,1294,642,1706]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with toluidine blue. A. Section through length of body. B. Section of female copulatory organ. C. Section of male copulatory organ. Arrow points to male gonopore, arrowhead to penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174712/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, 11A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33665CF13CFFEDFE96F97860723D6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174712/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[300,1292,642,1706]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13CFFEDFE96F97860723D6C" blockId="17.[264,1323,1731,1850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13CFFEDFE96F97860853C8D" bold="true" box="[264,410,1731,1755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13CFFEDFE3AF97860F63C8C" box="[420,489,1731,1754]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13CFFEDFE3AF97860F63C8C" box="[420,489,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Picola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF13CFFEDFE6AF97863443C8D" box="[500,603,1731,1755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13CFFEDFE6AF97863443C8D" bold="true" box="[500,603,1731,1755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13CFFEDFDFAF97863863C8C" box="[612,665,1731,1754]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="renei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13CFFEDFDFAF97863863C8C" box="[612,665,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">renei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF13CFFEDFD3AF97863E33C8D" box="[676,764,1731,1755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13CFFEDFD3AF97863E33C8D" bold="true" box="[676,764,1731,1755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with toluidine blue. A. Section through length of body. B. Section of female copulatory organ. C. Section of male copulatory organ. Arrow points to male gonopore, arrowhead to penial structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33665CF13FFFEEFE96FB4165AC3F62" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174713/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[281,1306,326,1250]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13FFFEEFE96FB4165AC3F62" blockId="18.[264,1323,1274,1332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFE96FB4160873F44" bold="true" box="[264,408,1274,1298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13FFFEEFE3FFB4160F83F47" box="[417,487,1274,1297]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFE3FFB4160F83F47" box="[417,487,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Picola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF13FFFEEFE71FB4163493F44" box="[495,598,1274,1298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFE71FB4163493F44" bold="true" box="[495,598,1274,1298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13FFFEEFDC0FB41638C3F47" box="[606,659,1274,1297]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="renei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFDC0FB41638C3F47" box="[606,659,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">renei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57BDF13FFFEEFD02FB4163EB3F44" box="[668,756,1274,1298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFD02FB4163EB3F44" bold="true" box="[668,756,1274,1298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; reconstructions to show arrangement of organs. A. Dorsal reconstruction of whole specimen. B. Sagittal reconstruction of whole specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13FFFEEFEA6FAD9628B3CEA" blockId="18.[264,1323,1378,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The male gonopore lies in a subterminal indentation of the body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13FFFEEFB08FAD965F33F2A" box="[1174,1260,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[264,367,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[301,1293,588,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[301,1294,588,1396]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Dorsal projection of male and female copulatory organs. C. Lateral projection of male and female copulatory organs. Inset shows magnification of actin-rich penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C, 10C, 11B). The seminal vesicle consists of four pairs of bridge-like, bilateral muscle pairs that run from the ventral body wall underlying the seminal bursa to the subterminus of the body where they connect to the outermost longitudinal cross-over muscles of the ventral body wall. Muscle fibers of the seminal vesicle are connected to the dorsal body wall by other parenchymal muscles attaching mid-fiber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13FFFEEFCD6F99162833C12" box="[840,924,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[264,367,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[301,1293,588,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[301,1294,588,1396]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; whole mounts stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Projection of ventral body-wall musculature. B. Dorsal projection of male and female copulatory organs. C. Lateral projection of male and female copulatory organs. Inset shows magnification of actin-rich penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Special multilayered tissue surrounds the seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13FFFEEFDECF9E963D83C3A" box="[626,711,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[264,367,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,686,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[264,1323,686,1300]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; TEM photomicrographs. A. Longitudinal section through the seminal vesicle. Arrowheads point to tissue surrounding the seminal vesicle. B. Crosssection through sperm. Arrowheads point to axonemes, arrows to microtubules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174714/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A). A ~15 µm long, sclerotized penial structure, lies in a glandular bladder at the distal end of the seminal vesicle. Extensions of the glandular bladder connect to the male gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A51F13FFFEEFD4FF919622E3CEA" box="[721,817,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[264,367,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[300,1292,642,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[300,1294,642,1706]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Picola gen. nov. renei sp. nov.; photomicrographs of sagittal histological sections stained with toluidine blue. A. Section through length of body. B. Section of female copulatory organ. C. Section of male copulatory organ. Arrow points to male gonopore, arrowhead to penial structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174712/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 11B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356655FF13FFFEFFEA6F97160413820" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13FFFEFFEA6F971622F3BF8" blockId="18.[264,1323,1378,1884]" lastBlockId="19.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFEA6F97160AE3CB2" bold="true" box="[312,433,1738,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13FFFEEFD0DF970623C3CB2" box="[659,803,1739,1764]" family="Proporidae" genus="Picola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="renei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFD0DF970623C3CB2" box="[659,803,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Picola renei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13FFFEEFC50F97165733CB2" box="[974,1132,1738,1764]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Convolutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by characters of sperm ultrastructure, including the presence of axial cytoplasmic microtubules and the lack of central microtubules within the axonemes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B25F13FFFEEFB11F8A160573D0A" author="Petrov" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Petrov, A., Hooge M., Tyler S. (2004) Ultrastructure of sperms in Acoela (Acoelomorpha) and its concordance with molecular systematics. Invertebrate Biology, 123 (3), 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Petrov
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13FFFEEFB74F8A064343D62" box="[1258,1323,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other features in common with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13FFFEEFCF6F8F965193D0A" box="[872,1030,1858,1884]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Convolutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
include the presence of zooxanthellae, rhabdoids, a frontal organ, a seminal bursa, a single bursal nozzle as well as a seminal vesicle that surrounds the penis. Besides these characters placing
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAC6F13EFFEFFB1EFEFF65CB3B0B" box="[1152,1236,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. re n e i</emphasis>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D57F13EFFEFFEAAFED760CA3BD0" box="[308,469,364,390]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Convolutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, no synapomorphies with other described species can be identified to tie it more closely with any given convolutid taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336D4F13EFFEFFEA6FE0760413820" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">During copulation, the multi-layered tissue sac of the seminal vesicle is probably squeezed by the surrounding seminal vesicle muscles to eject sperm through the penial structure into a recipient. The sclerotization of this apparatus implies it is capable of hypodermal injection of sperm, which could explain the lack of a female gonopore and a vagina.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |