529 lines
81 KiB
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529 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document id="3A215BD288FCAE5345126CFE23966616" ID-DOI="10.35463/j.apr.2023.02.06" ID-ISSN="1842-371x" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834181" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1705452368979" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="SIMMONS, MICHAEL & BIDGOOD, MICHAEL" docDate="2023" docId="03E587B6FFC2A20EFF11FB88A6B2CF5F" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolRom.19.2.39-169.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 19 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2023.02.06" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1.1:ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Merlingina cretacea Hamaoui 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFDCFFCEFFD9A213FF86FFD6A54DC74B" masterDocTitle="“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1713205137542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E82EE9E45A342E8E859D9304E4072018">“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7134B58C37C31BE04E967743F978DE4">SIMMONS, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="48B591E1472A14E7F9AAD19EA2CA4D50">Halliburton, 97 Milton Park, Abingdon, OX 14 4 RW, UK & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F5FCFDCB91DD7A74C9DD1C8FA9C359C" type="email">mike.simmons@halliburton.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="96659AD849E30E769E09C52B0383AAA7">BIDGOOD, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="997CD79B65B4DAFF1BC044A10D7D33EC">GSS Geoscience Ltd., 2 Meadows Drive, Oldmeldrum, AB 51 0 GA, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="75BFEFCD085F3D552A9D45BBC11888B6" type="email">mike@gssgeoscience.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A5DC41738F3102098D98FE52D364567D">Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="186CFD63E8FA885137E98695F9C6553C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="40E7D1865E9610C57E4C661AB9F4EF4C">2023-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DFC710EB70721B3F90F5D57F013CEAA4">19</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E587B6FFC2A20EFF11FB88A6B2CF5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10975517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10975517" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587B6FFC2A20EFF11FB88A6B2CF5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587B6FFC2A20EFF11FB88A6B2CF5F" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC2A208FF11FB88A434C3DC" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FF11FB88A434C3DC" blockId="27.[151,771,1051,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FF11FB88A434C3DC" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FF11FB88A769C33D" ID-CoL="82XZS" authority="Hamaoui 1965" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,548,1118,1142]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FF11FB88A43AC33D" bold="true" box="[151,375,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina cretacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FEF8FB88A769C33D" author="Hamaoui, M." box="[382,548,1118,1142]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref83150" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1965. Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian type Hazera Formation. Geological Survey of Israel, stratigraphic section no. 2 b, pp. 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1965">Hamaoui 1965</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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emended
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FD1CFB88A434C3DC" author="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P." pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui & Saint-Marc, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC2A208FF11FB17A19DC31F" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FF11FB17A750C392" blockId="27.[151,541,1217,1241]" box="[151,541,1217,1241]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Reference Illustration & Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FF11FAD5A58AC277" blockId="27.[151,772,1283,2068]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FF11FAD5A4A8C250" author="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P." box="[151,485,1283,1307]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui & Saint-Marc (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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, Pls. 22-27,
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<figureCitation id="13772A25FFC2A208FDEDFAD5A7E6C250" box="[619,683,1283,1307]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[477,510,932,953]" captionTargetBox="[175,1438,155,923]" captionTargetId="figure-955@14.[175,1438,155,923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4 Distribution map of type descriptions/specimens in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834189/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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, p. 306- 320.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FF11FA93A7BBC2D4" blockId="27.[151,772,1283,2068]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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This description and associated illustrations are excellent and comprehensive. See also
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FE51FAB0A7EFC235" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[471,674,1382,1406]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref96009" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1974 a. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique de l'Albien, du Cenomanien et du Turonien du Liban. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen- Orient, XIII, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 1 - 342." type="book chapter" year="1974">Saint-Marc (1974a</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 6) and Hamaoui in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FECEFA51A7CFC2D4" author="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M." box="[328,642,1415,1439]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder & Neumann (1985</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 15).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FF11FA7FA453C0FA" blockId="27.[151,772,1283,2068]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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The introduction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FEFDFA7FA4BEC28A" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[379,499,1449,1473]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FEFDFA7FA4BEC28A" box="[379,499,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and its
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<typeStatus id="54F78802FFC2A208FDD3FA7FA7CEC28A" box="[597,643,1449,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FD60FA7CA5BEC2A9" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FD60FA7CA5BEC2A9" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">M. cretacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a somewhat complex history.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FD27FA1CA592C148" author="Hamaoui, M." pageId="27" pageNumber="66" refId="ref83046" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1961. Microfacies and microfossils of the Bi'na No. 1 bore (preliminary report). Geological Survey of Israel, Paleontology Division, report 1961 - 1." type="book" year="1961">Hamaoui (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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first recognised the taxon as “Gen? (aff.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FD55FA3AA44FC16F" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Nezzazata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FD55FA3AA596C16F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Nezzazata</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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)” from Cenomanian limestones from the Israeli subsurface. The genus and species were first formally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FEA1F998A49AC12D" author="Hamaoui, M." box="[295,471,1614,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref83150" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1965. Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian type Hazera Formation. Geological Survey of Israel, stratigraphic section no. 2 b, pp. 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1965">Hamaoui (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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with inadequate illustration and limited and inaccurate description. This was acknowledged by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FEEEF946A785C1E3" author="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P." box="[360,712,1680,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui & Saint-Marc (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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who regarded the 1965 description as
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FE7CF964A7DCC182" box="[506,657,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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and therefore provided much more comprehensive and accurate diagnoses and descriptions for the genus and species. Nonetheless,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FEA9F8C3A72AC066" author="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. & Tappan, H." box="[303,615,1813,1837]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" refId="ref87900" refString="Loeblich Jnr., A. R. & Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2 vols." type="book" year="1988">Loeblich & Tappan (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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regarded the 1965 description as “available” (i.e., valid), thus the most suitable way to describe the authorship of the genus and species is as “
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FEAAF8AEA483C0DB" author="Hamaoui, M." box="[300,462,1912,1936]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref83150" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1965. Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian type Hazera Formation. Geological Survey of Israel, stratigraphic section no. 2 b, pp. 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1965">Hamaoui 1965</bibRefCitation>
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emended
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FDB8F8AEA45DC0FA" author="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P." pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui & Saint-Marc 1970</bibRefCitation>
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”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FF11F86CA199C6AB" blockId="27.[151,772,1283,2068]" lastBlockId="27.[816,1437,158,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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Essentially,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FE9DF86CA4DEC099" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[283,403,1978,2002]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FE9DF86CA4DEC099" box="[283,403,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is irregularly planispiral throughout; asymmetrical (planoconvex) in the early stage but later becoming more bilaterally symmetrical. In the late stage it tends to uncoil, and the chambers rapidly increase in width so that the apertural face is broad, subcircular, and flattened. The aperture is a U or V-shaped slit (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FCB6FED7A133C652" author="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P." box="[816,1150,257,281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui & Saint-Marc, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4). Slightly sinuous ribs are prominent in external view. A noticeable characteristic in oblique thin-section views is the combination of widening of later chambers and relatively deep sutures that lead to a (sometimes distinctly pronounced) “saw-tooth” periphery. See the Species Key Chart (Appendix) for diagnostic and other characteristics.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FCB6FE3CA686C407" blockId="27.[816,1437,158,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
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In thin-section (equatorial view) it is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FAB5FE3FA697C569" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FAB5FE3FA697C569" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Biplanata peneropliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which is regularly planispiral throughout and lacks the increased width of the later chambers in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FCB6FD9AA6E5C52F" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[816,936,588,612]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FCB6FD9AA6E5C52F" box="[816,936,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and therefore the ‘saw-tooth’ periphery. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FC3DFDB8A1CCC5CE" authorityName="sensu Hamaoui & Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[955,1153,621,645]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Biconcava" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bentori">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FC3DFDB8A1CCC5CE" box="[955,1153,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Biconcava bentori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by being asymmetrical in the early stage and plano-convex, not bilaterally biconcave.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FCF2FD79A1C8C58C" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[884,1157,687,711]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Trochospira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="avnimelechi">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FCF2FD79A1C8C58C" box="[884,1157,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Trochospira avnimelechi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinctly trochospiral and with a single angular periphery compared with a tendency to form two, subangular peripheries in later chambers of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FC0CFCC2A143C460" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[906,1038,788,811]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FC0CFCC2A143C460" box="[906,1038,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">M. cretacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which is best visible in axial view (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A25FFC2A208FCE4FCE2A6F6C407" box="[866,955,820,844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[186,219,1780,1801]" captionTargetBox="[199,1390,899,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-84@28.[186,1401,886,1771]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 17 Representative illustrations of Merlingina cretacea: a Equatorial section, Saint Marc (1974, pl. VI, fig. 1, Lebanon); b Subaxial section, Hamaoui & Saint Marc (1970, pl. 23, fig.3, Lebanon)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834219/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Fig. 17b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FCB6FC80A19DC31F" blockId="27.[816,1437,158,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FCB6FC80A6DBC426" authorityName="Ozcan" authorityYear="1994" box="[816,918,854,877]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Demirina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FCB6FC80A6DBC426" box="[816,918,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Demirina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FC4DFC83A10EC426" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[971,1091,853,877]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FC4DFC83A10EC426" box="[971,1091,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can appear similar especially in equatorial view where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FBA8FCA1A1D9C4C5" authorityName="Ozcan" authorityYear="1994" box="[1070,1172,887,910]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Demirina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FBA8FCA1A1D9C4C5" box="[1070,1172,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Demirina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a circular and relatively smooth periphery and
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FBFEFC41A04EC4E4" box="[1144,1283,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina’s</emphasis>
|
||
periphery attains the least “saw- tooth” appearance. The internal partitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FC0FFC0CA6A2C4BA" authorityName="Ozcan" authorityYear="1994" box="[905,1007,986,1009]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Demirina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FC0FFC0CA6A2C4BA" box="[905,1007,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Demirina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also more numerous (and exoskeletal) but may appear similar to the (fewer) toothplates of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FCB6FBCDA6E5C378" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[816,936,1051,1075]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FCB6FBCDA6E5C378" box="[816,936,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Merlingina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its widest chamber width is across the centre rather than nearer the periphery.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC2A208FCB6FBA9A1E3C392" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FCB6FBA9A10FC3DC" blockId="27.[816,1090,1151,1175]" box="[816,1090,1151,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Stratigraphic Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FCB6FB17A1E3C392" blockId="27.[816,1437,1217,2068]" box="[816,1198,1217,1241]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">(Early?) middle – late Cenomanian.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC2A20EFCB6FB35A6B6C2D4" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC2A208FCB6FB35A003CF5F" blockId="27.[816,1437,1217,2068]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Most records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FC62FB35A129C3B1" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[996,1124,1251,1274]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FC62FB35A129C3B1" box="[996,1124,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from the middle, late, or undifferentiated middle – late Cenomanian. This follows
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FCB6FAF2A6B6C277" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[816,1019,1316,1340]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref96009" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1974 a. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique de l'Albien, du Cenomanien et du Turonien du Liban. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen- Orient, XIII, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 1 - 342." type="book chapter" year="1974">Saint-Marc (1974a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FB8CFAF2A172C277" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[1034,1087,1316,1340]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref96132" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1978. Biostratigraphy of Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian of Lebanon. Annales Mines et Geologie, Tunis, 28: 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) who stated the range was middle – late Cenomanian in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC2A208FBD0FA93A1FBC216" box="[1110,1206,1349,1373]" name="Lebanon" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a range with which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FCB6FAB0A6B4C235" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[816,1017,1382,1406]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref96200" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1981. Lebanon. In: Reyment, R. A. & Bengtson, P. (eds.) Aspects of Mid-Cretaceous Regional Geology. IGCP Projects 58, Academic Press, pp. 103 - 131." type="book chapter" year="1981">Saint-Marc (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FB80FAB0A1AEC235" author="Arnaud, A. & Berthout & Brunt, L. & Cherchi, A. & Chiocchini, M. & De Castro, P." box="[1030,1251,1382,1406]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="383 - 393" refId="ref72126" refString="Arnaud, A., Berthout, Brunt, L., Cherchi, A., Chiocchini, M., De Castro, P. & 9 others, 1981. Tableau de repartition stratigraphique des grands foraminiferes caracteristiques du Cretace Moyen de la region Mediterraneenne. Cretaceous Research, 2: 383 - 393." type="journal article" year="1981">Arnaud et al. (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and Hamaoui in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FCB6FA51A1CEC2D4" author="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M." box="[816,1155,1415,1439]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder & Neumann (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concurred but extending the range into the basal Turonian (sometimes questionably). This has led to a certain degree of circular reasoning in subsequent age assignments of the occurrence of the species, in that its presence has been used to argue for an age no older than middle Cenomanian (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FA9EF9FBA62BC12D" author="Smith, A. B. & Simmons, M. D. & Racey, A." pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="29 - 69" refId="ref99697" refString="Smith, A. B., Simmons, M. D. & Racey, A., 1990. Cenomanian echinoids, larger foraminifera and calcareous algae from the Natih Formation, central Oman Mountains. Cretaceous Research, 11: 29 - 69." type="journal article" year="1990">Smith et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FCF0F998A163C12D" author="Palci, A. & Jurkovsek, B. & Caldwell, M. W." box="[886,1070,1614,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="316 - 328" refId="ref92532" refString="Palci, A., Jurkovsek, B., Kolar-Jurkovsek & Caldwell, M. W., 2008. New palaeoenvironmental model for the Komen (Slovenia) Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) fossil lagerstatte. Cretaceous Research, 29: 316 - 328." type="journal article" year="2008">Palci et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In fact, it is possible that in the original records of the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC2A208FB67F9B9A051C1CC" box="[1249,1308,1647,1671]" name="Israel" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FAB4F9B9A625C1E3" author="Hamaoui, M." pageId="27" pageNumber="66" refId="ref83046" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1961. Microfacies and microfossils of the Bi'na No. 1 bore (preliminary report). Geological Survey of Israel, Paleontology Division, report 1961 - 1." type="book" year="1961">Hamaoui, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1965, 1966), it occurs in the early Cenomanian. This was noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FB81F967A1B3C182" author="Lipson-Benitah, S." box="[1031,1278,1713,1737]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref87706" refString="Lipson-Benitah, S., 2009. Mid Cretaceous (Aptian- Turonian) planktonic and benthic foraminifera from Israel: zonation and markers. Geological Survey of Israel, GSI / 16 / 2009, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2009">Lipson-Benitah (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who gave the taxon an intra-early Cenomanian inception in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC2A208FAAFF904A025C1A1" box="[1321,1384,1746,1770]" name="Israel" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The records of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FC20F922A11DC047" author="Hamaoui, M." box="[934,1104,1780,1804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" refId="ref83046" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1961. Microfacies and microfossils of the Bi'na No. 1 bore (preliminary report). Geological Survey of Israel, Paleontology Division, report 1961 - 1." type="book" year="1961">Hamaoui (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1965, 1966) do not subdivide the Cenomanian, but long ranges are indicated, and the co-occurrence with such taxa named as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FB76F8E0A613C024" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1949" class="Globothalamea" family="Trocholinidae" genus="Trocholina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Involutinida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FB76F8E0A613C024" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Trocholina arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FC01F881A117C024" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[903,1114,1879,1903]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Orbitolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FC01F881A117C024" box="[903,1114,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Orbitolina concava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC2A208FB04F881A023C024" authorityName="Reichel" authorityYear="1936" box="[1154,1390,1879,1903]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Alveolinidae" genus="Praealveolina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC2A208FB04F881A023C024" box="[1154,1390,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">Praealveolina iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, is suggestive of an early Cenomanian age, although the identity of these taxa needs to be confirmed. A further caveat is that the 1961, 1965, and 1966 records by Hamaoui may use a concept of the taxon different from that established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC2A208FC78F82AA007CF5F" author="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P." box="[1022,1354,2044,2068]" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui & Saint-Marc (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF336628FFC5A20FFE2CFC97A1C7C41D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834217" box="[426,1162,832,854]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834217/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" startId="28.[426,459,833,854]" targetBox="[198,1356,170,811]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC5A20FFE2CFC97A1C7C41D" blockId="28.[426,1162,832,854]" box="[426,1162,832,854]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC5A20FFE2CFC97A4BDC41D" bold="true" box="[426,496,833,854]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Fig. 16</emphasis>
|
||
Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC5A20FFC2FFC97A1C9C41D" authorityName="Ozcan" authorityYear="1994" box="[937,1156,832,854]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Demirina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="meridionalis">Demirina meridionalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF336628FFC5A20FFF3CF922A620C06C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834219/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" startId="28.[186,219,1780,1801]" targetBox="[199,1390,899,1759]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC5A20FFF3CF922A620C06C" blockId="28.[186,1398,1780,1832]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC5A20FFF3CF922A44DC042" bold="true" box="[186,256,1780,1801]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Fig. 17</emphasis>
|
||
Representative illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC5A20FFDAAF922A7BDC041" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[556,752,1780,1802]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC5A20FFDAAF922A7BDC041" box="[556,752,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Merlingina cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC5A20FFD7BF922A644C042" bold="true" box="[765,777,1780,1801]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">a</emphasis>
|
||
Equatorial section, Saint Marc (1974, pl. VI, fig. 1, Lebanon);
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC5A20FFAEFF922A03BC042" bold="true" box="[1385,1398,1780,1801]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">b</emphasis>
|
||
Subaxial section, Hamaoui & Saint Marc (1970, pl. 23, fig.3, Lebanon).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11FF48A409C671" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
It is curious that Hamaoui himself gave no indication of an early Cenomanian age in his 1985 review of this species (Hamaoui in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFEDBFF36A7EFC7B3" author="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M." box="[349,674,224,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder & Neumann, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but his statement on the age range of the species contains little supporting data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11FE95A7B4C407" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Records whose ranges include an attributed early Cenomanian age are infrequent and provide no illustrative material confirming identification. They include Schulze (2003) and Schulze et al. (2004) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFD8FFE71A71EC6F4" box="[521,595,423,447]" name="Jordan" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFDEDFE71A598C6AB" author="Ghanem, H. & Mouty, M. & Kuss, J." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="155 - 184" refId="ref82231" refString="Ghanem, H., Mouty, M. & Kuss, J., 2012. Biostratigraphy and carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the uppermost Aptian to Upper Cenomanian strata of the South Palmyrides, Syria. GeoArabia, 17 (2): 155 - 184." type="journal article" year="2012">Ghanem et al. (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFF63FE1EA452C6AB" box="[229,287,456,480]" name="Syria" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and Solak et al. (2020,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFDA8FE1EA733C6AB" box="[558,638,456,480]" name="Turkey" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
; undifferentiated early – middle Cenomanian). Amongst these, of note is that Schulze (2003) and Schulze et al. (2004) who recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFF78FDFAA4CDC508" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[254,384,556,579]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFF78FDFAA4CDC508" box="[254,384,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Naur Formation unit b at one locality (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE65FFC4A20EFEA1FD9AA41EC52F" box="[295,339,588,612]" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">RM</collectionCode>
|
||
2) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFE08FD9AA495C52F" box="[398,472,588,612]" name="Jordan" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Using ammonites and calcareous nannofossils they attributed the Naur b to the early Cenomanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFEE7FD59A496C5ED" box="[353,475,654,678]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="mantelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFEE7FD59A496C5ED" box="[353,475,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. mantelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ammonite zone equivalent.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF11FD79A433C58C" author="Ghanem, H. & Mouty, M. & Kuss, J." box="[151,382,687,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="155 - 184" refId="ref82231" refString="Ghanem, H., Mouty, M. & Kuss, J., 2012. Biostratigraphy and carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the uppermost Aptian to Upper Cenomanian strata of the South Palmyrides, Syria. GeoArabia, 17 (2): 155 - 184." type="journal article" year="2012">Ghanem et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFE6AFD66A720C58C" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[492,621,688,711]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFE6AFD66A720C58C" box="[492,621,688,711]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in strata containing the planktonic foraminifera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFD90FD07A5BBC441" authorityName="Sigal" authorityYear="1948" class="Globothalamea" family="Rotaliporidae" genus="Rotalipora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="globotruncanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFD90FD07A5BBC441" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Rotalipora globotruncanoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFEC5FD24A71FC441" box="[323,594,754,778]" class="Globothalamea" family="Rotaliporidae" genus="Rotalipora" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="balernaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFEC5FD24A71FC441" box="[323,594,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Rotalipora balernaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which would strongly suggest an early Cenomanian age, but neither have they illustrated any of these forms for confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11FC83A441C378" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF11FC83A42DC426" author="Caus, E. & Bernaus, J. M. & Calonge, E. & Martin-Chivelet, M." box="[151,352,853,877]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="172 - 181" refId="ref76249" refString="Caus, E., Bernaus, J. M., Calonge, E. & Martin-Chivelet, M., 2009. Mid-Cenomanian separation of Atlantic and Tethyan domains in Iberia by a land-bridge: The origin of larger foraminifera provinces? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 283 (3 - 4): 172 - 181." type="journal article" year="2009">Caus et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFE57FC80A719C426" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[465,596,854,877]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFE57FC80A719C426" box="[465,596,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Santa Fe, Villa de Ves (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE36FCA0A7D5C4C5" author="Consorti, L. & Calonge, A. & Caus, E." box="[432,664,886,910]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="271 - 282" refId="ref77668" refString="Consorti, L., Calonge, A. & Caus, E., 2016 b. Pseudorhapydionininae of the Iberian Ranges (Cenomani- an, Iberian Peninsula). Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 31 (2): 271 - 282." type="journal article" year="2016">Consorti et al., 2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Moraillas Formations of Spain, which together they assigned an age range of early – late Cenomanian, but only indicated a late Cenomanian age for this species on their accompanying range chart (and with no verification by illustration).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11FBEAA585C392" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF11FBEAA487C31F" author="Berthou, P-Y. & Lauverjat, J." box="[151,458,1084,1108]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="121 - 144" refId="ref73919" refString="Berthou, P-Y. & Lauverjat, J., 1979. Essai de synthese paleogeographique et paleobiostratigraphique du bassin occidental Portugais au cours du Cretace Superieur. Ciencias da Terra (UNL), Lisboa, 5: 121 - 144." type="journal article" year="1979">Berthou & Lauverjat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded a taxon referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFF33FB8BA4F9C33E" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[181,436,1117,1141]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFF33FB8BA460C33E" box="[181,301,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Merlingina</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFEDEFB88A4F9C33E" box="[344,436,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFE08FBA9A4A6C3DC" box="[398,491,1151,1175]" name="Portugal" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but this taxon was unillustrated and undescribed, and its identity cannot be verified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11FB34A750C2A9" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF11FB34A4DAC3B1" author="Shahin, A. & Elbaz, S." box="[151,407,1250,1274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="249 - 283" refId="ref98465" refString="Shahin, A. & Elbaz, S., 2013. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleobiogeography of Cenomanian - Lower Turonian shallow marine carbonate platform in west central Sinai, Egypt. Micropaleontology, 59 (2 - 3): 249 - 283." type="journal article" year="2013">Shahin & Elbaz (2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE21FB34A492C3B1" author="Shahin, A. & Elbaz, S." box="[423,479,1250,1274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="561 - 581" refId="ref98512" refString="Shahin, A. & Elbaz, S., 2014. Paleoenvironmental changes of the Cenomanian-Early Turonian shallow marine carbonate platform succession in west central Sinai, Egypt. Revue de Paleobiologie, 33 (2): 561 - 581." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE69FB34A769C3B1" author="Shahin, A. & Elbaz, S. M." box="[495,548,1250,1274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="3745 - 3770" refId="ref98555" refString="Shahin, A. & Elbaz, S. M., 2021. Early-middle Cenomanian foraminifer and ostracods from BB- 80 - 1 well, Gulf of Suez, Egypt: biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeographic significance. Geological Journal, 56: 3745 - 3770." type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) illustrate plausible disaggregated specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFE63FAD2A722C250" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[485,623,1284,1307]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFE63FAD2A722C250" box="[485,623,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4988F842FFC4A20EFD40FAD5A64DC250" box="[710,768,1283,1307]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Sinai</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These records are said to be early Cenomanian, but the logic of this age assignment is suspect. The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFF11FAB1A455C235" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,280,1383,1406]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFF11FAB1A455C235" box="[151,280,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the reasons for the age assignment, but misreporting information from publications in which the age is actually given as middle to late Cenomanian (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF52FA1CA75CC2A9" author="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M." box="[212,529,1482,1506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. & Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder & Neumann, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11FA3DA43BC047" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Plausible illustrations in the relatively recent literature are all middle – late Cenomanian and include
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFD1BF9DAA462C10E" author="Aguilera-Franco, N." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" refId="ref70663" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., 2000. High Resolution Stratigraphy and Palaeoecology of the Cenomanian-Turonian Succession, Southern Mexico. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College, London." type="book" year="2000">Aguilera-Franco (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFEB8F9FBA4D8C10E" box="[318,405,1581,1605]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE2FF9FBA7E6C10E" author="Ghanem, H. & Kuss, J." box="[425,683,1581,1605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="85 - 132" refId="ref82188" refString="Ghanem, H. & Kuss, J., 2013. Stratigraphic control of the Aptian - Early Turonian sequences of the Levant Platform, Coastal Range, northwest Syria. GeoArabia, 18 (4): 85 - 132." type="journal article" year="2013">Ghanem & Kuss (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFD3FF9FBA7BBC10E" box="[697,758,1581,1605]" name="Syria" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF11F998A4ABC12D" author="Rahimpour-Bonab, H. & Mehrabi, H. & Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H. & Omidvar, M." box="[151,486,1614,1638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="15 - 34" refId="ref94264" refString="Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Mehrabi, H., Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H. & Omidvar, M., 2012. Coupled imprints of tropical climate and recurring emergence on reservoir evolution of a mid Cretaceous carbonate ramp, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. Cretaceous Research, 37: 15 - 34." type="journal article" year="2012">Rahimpour-Bonab et al. (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE75F998A765C12D" author="Rahimpour-Bonab, H. & Mehrabi, H. & Navidtalab, A. & Omidvar, M. & Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H. & Sonei, R. & Sajjadi, F. & Amiri-Bakhtyar, H. & Arzani, N. & Mazidi, E." box="[499,552,1614,1638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="335 - 362" refId="ref94321" refString="Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Mehrabi, H., Navidtalab, A., Omidvar, M., Enayati-Bidgoli, A. H., Sonei, R., Sajjadi, F., Amiri-Bakhtyar, H., Arzani, N. & Izadi- Mazidi, E., 2013. Palaeo-exposure surfaces in Cenomanian-Santonian carbonate reservoirs in the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 36 (4): 335 - 362." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFDECF998A5A7C1CC" author="Mohajer, M. D. & Afghah, M. & Dehghanian, M. & Zakariaii, S. J. S." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="1647 - 1667" refId="ref90286" refString="Mohajer, M. D., Afghah, M., Dehghanian, M., & Zakariaii, S. J. S., 2021 a. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak Formation at Pyun Anticline (Zagros Basin, Southwest of Iran). Acta Geologica Sinica, 95 (5): 1647 - 1667." type="journal article" year="2021">Mohajer et al. (2021a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Iranian Zagros);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE46F9B9A7CBC1CC" author="Sari, B. & Tasli, K. & Ozer, S." box="[448,646,1647,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="393 - 425" refId="ref96523" refString="Sari, B., Tasli, K. & Ozer, S., 2009. Benthonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Middle Cenomanian-Coniacian) Sequences of the Bey Daglari Carbonate Platform, Western Taurides, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 393 - 425." type="journal article" year="2009">Sari et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Solak (2021) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFF69F946A40FC1E3" box="[239,322,1680,1704]" name="Turkey" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFED1F946A712C1E3" author="Chiocchini, M. & Pampaloni, M. L. & Pichezzi, R. M." box="[343,607,1680,1704]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., & Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell " Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFD45F946A7B5C1E3" box="[707,760,1680,1704]" name="Italy" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
). That of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF6AF967A4A4C182" author="Chiocchini, M. & Pampaloni, M. L. & Pichezzi, R. M." box="[236,489,1713,1737]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., & Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell " Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
straddles their early – late Cenomanian boundary and is thus broadly equivalent to middle Cenomanian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFF11F8C3A01CC54A" blockId="29.[151,772,158,2068]" lastBlockId="29.[816,1437,158,1439]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Uncertain illustrated occurrences are reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFD2FF8C3A44AC005" author="Smith, A. B. & Simmons, M. D. & Racey, A." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="29 - 69" refId="ref99697" refString="Smith, A. B., Simmons, M. D. & Racey, A., 1990. Cenomanian echinoids, larger foraminifera and calcareous algae from the Natih Formation, central Oman Mountains. Cretaceous Research, 11: 29 - 69." type="journal article" year="1990">Smith et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFE9BF8E0A42FC005" box="[285,354,1846,1870]" name="Oman" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE59F8E0A7B1C005" author="Simmons, M. D. & Hart, M. B." box="[479,764,1846,1870]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="176 - 207" refId="ref98973" refString="Simmons, M. D. & Hart, M. B., 1987. The biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Early to mid-Cretaceous carbonates of Wadi Mi'aidin, Central Oman Mountains. In: Hart, M. B. (ed), Micropalaeontology of Carbonate Environments, John Wiley & Sons: 176 - 207." type="book chapter" year="1987">Simmons & Hart (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF11F881A49FC024" author="Kennedy, W. J. & Simmons, M. D." box="[151,466,1879,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="127 - 154" refId="ref86200" refString="Kennedy, W. J. & Simmons, M. D., 1991. Mid-Cretaceous ammonites and associated microfossils from the Central Oman Mountains. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 25 (3): 127 - 154." type="journal article" year="1991">Kennedy & Simmons (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFD89F881A791C024" author="Philip, J. & Borgamano, J. & Al-Maskiry, S." box="[527,732,1879,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="77 - 92" refId="ref93288" refString="Philip, J., Borgamano, J. & Al-Maskiry, S., 1995. Cenomanian-Early Turonian carbonate platform of Northern Oman: stratigraphy and palaeo-environments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 119: 77 - 92." type="journal article" year="1995">Philip et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for unillustrated records);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE09F8AFA728C0DB" author="Bomou, B. & Adatte, T. & Arnaud-Vanneau, A." box="[399,613,1912,1936]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref74859" refString="Bomou, B., Adatte, T. & Arnaud-Vanneau, A., 2019. Guerrero-Morelos carbonate platform response to the Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous large igneous province during Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event 2. In: Adatte, T., Bond, D. P. G. & Keller, G. (eds.) Mass Extinctions, Volcanism and Impact: New Developments. Geological Society of America special paper, 44: 105 - 136." type="journal article" year="2019">Bomou et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFDF0F8AEA595C0FA" author="Omana, L. & Lopez-Doncel, R. & Torres, J. R. & Alencaster, G." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="457 - 485" refId="ref91565" refString="Omana, L., Lopez-Doncel, R., Torres, J. R. & Alencaster, G., 2012. Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Cenomanian / Turonian boundary interval based on foraminifera from W Valles-San Luis Potosi Platform, Mexico. Micropaleontology, 58 (6): 457 - 485." type="journal article" year="2012">Omaña et al. (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFF69F84FA469C0FA" author="Omana, L. & Lopez-Doncel, R. & Torres, J. R. & Alencaster, G. & Lopez-Caballero, I." box="[239,292,1945,1969]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="691 - 725" refId="ref91622" refString="Omana, L., Lopez-Doncel, R., Torres, J. R., Alencaster, G. & Lopez-Caballero, I. 2019. Mid - late Cenomanian larger benthic foraminifers from the El Abra Formation W Valles-San Luis Potosi Platform, central - eastern Mexico: Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental implications. Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, 71 (3): 691 - 725." type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFEF9F84FA64EC0FA" author="Rosales-Dominguez, M. & Bermudez-Santana, J. C. & Aguilar-Pina, M." box="[383,771,1945,1969]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="697 - 712" refId="ref95499" refString="Rosales-Dominguez, M. del C., Bermudez-Santana, J. C. & Aguilar-Pina, M., 1997. Mid and Upper Cretaceous foraminiferal assemblages from the Sierra de Chiapas, southeastern Mexico. Cretaceous Research, 18: 697 - 712." type="journal article" year="1997">Rosales-Dominguez et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFF18F86CA5B9C099" box="[158,244,1978,2002]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, see also (e.g.)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE25F86CA7D9C099" author="Michaud, F. & Fourcade, E. & Gutierrez-Coutino, R." box="[419,660,1978,2002]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref89544" refString="Michaud, F., Fourcade, E. & Gutierrez-Coutino, R., 1984. Pseudorhapydionina chiapanensis nov. sp. nouveau foraminifere du Cenomanien du Mexique. Geobios, 17 (1): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1984">Michaud et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFD1BF86CA420C0B8" author="Aguilera-Franco, N. & Hernandez-Romano, U. & Allison, P. A." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="237 - 255" refId="ref70732" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., Hernandez-Romano, U. & Allison, P. A., 2001. Biostratigraphy and environmental changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, southern Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 14: 237 - 255." type="journal article" year="2001">Aguilera-Franco et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFE25F80DA7EFC0B8" author="Aguilera-Franco, N." box="[419,674,2011,2035]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="202 - 222" refId="ref70692" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., 2003. Cenomanian - Coniacian zonation (foraminifers and calcareous algae) in the Guerrero-Morelos basin, southern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas, 20 (3): 202 - 222." type="journal article" year="2003">Aguilera-Franco (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for unillustrated records);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFEEEF82AA7F5CF5F" author="Navarro-Ramirez, J. P. & Bodin, S. & Consorti, L. & Immenhauser, A." box="[360,696,2044,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="61 - 80" refId="ref91124" refString="Navarro-Ramirez, J. P., Bodin, S., Consorti, L. & Immenhauser, A., 2017. Response of western South American epeiric-neritic ecosystem to middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events. Cretaceous Research, 75: 61 - 80." type="journal article" year="2017">Navarro-Ramirez et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFD4CF82AA7B2CF5F" box="[714,767,2044,2068]" name="Peru" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFC26FF48A104C7FD" author="Jaillard, E." box="[928,1097,158,182]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="97 - 108" refId="ref84949" refString="Jaillard, E. 1986. La sedimentation cretacee dans les Andes du Perou central: exemple de la Formation Jumasha (Albien moyen-superieur a Turonien superieur) dans la region d'Oyon (Departement de Lima). Geodynamique 1: 97 - 108." type="journal article" year="1986">Jaillard (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFBD9FF48A635C79C" author="Jaillard, E. & Arnaud-Vanneau, A." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="585 - 605" refId="ref84994" refString="Jaillard, E. & Arnaud-Vanneau, A., 1993. The Cenomanian-Turonian transition on the Peruvian margin. Cretaceous Research, 14: 585 - 605." type="journal article" year="1993">Jaillard & Arnaud-Vanneau (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Consorti et al. (2018) for unillustrated records);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFCF3FF36A131C7B3" author="Hamaoui, M. & Brun, L." box="[885,1148,224,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref82941" refString="Hamaoui, M. & Brun, L., 1974. Taxonomy and stratigraphy of the genus Cycledomia (Foram.). Bulletin Centre Recherches, 8 (1): 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1974">Hamaoui & Brun (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFB68FF37A054C7B3" box="[1262,1305,225,248]" name="Iraq" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFAB7FF36A635C652" author="Menegatti, A." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" refId="ref89441" refString="Menegatti, A., 2004. Biostratigraphy, sedimentology and high resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Mishrif Formation, Dubai. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen." type="book" year="2004">Menegatti (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Dubai). Almost all these records are middle – late Cenomanian, albeit with a certain degree of circular reasoning, excluding
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB83FE95A02DC610" author="Navarro-Ramirez, J. P. & Bodin, S. & Consorti, L. & Immenhauser, A." box="[1029,1376,323,347]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="61 - 80" refId="ref91124" refString="Navarro-Ramirez, J. P., Bodin, S., Consorti, L. & Immenhauser, A., 2017. Response of western South American epeiric-neritic ecosystem to middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events. Cretaceous Research, 75: 61 - 80." type="journal article" year="2017">Navarro-Ramirez et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who used carbon and oxygen isotope age proxies (as subsequently followed by Consorti et al. (2018)). The exception to the middle – late Cenomanian range is
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFAA5FE71A6D4C6AB" author="Michaud, F. & Fourcade, E. & Gutierrez-Coutino, R." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref89544" refString="Michaud, F., Fourcade, E. & Gutierrez-Coutino, R., 1984. Pseudorhapydionina chiapanensis nov. sp. nouveau foraminifere du Cenomanien du Mexique. Geobios, 17 (1): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1984">Michaud et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who cite their occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFB55FE1FA01FC6AB" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[1235,1362,457,480]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFB55FE1FA01FC6AB" box="[1235,1362,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within undifferentiated early – middle Cenomanian strata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFCB6FDDCA062C378" blockId="29.[816,1437,158,1439]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Occurrences illustrated as
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFBC9FDDDA19BC569" box="[1103,1238,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFBC9FDDDA19FC569" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[1103,1234,523,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">M. cretacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but which are not that species include
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB91FDFDA034C508" author="Mohseni, H. & Javanmard, R. Z." box="[1047,1401,555,579]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="104025" refId="ref90729" refString="Mohseni, H. & Javanmard, R. Z., 2020. New data on sequence stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation in Malekshahi city, (Ilam province) Zagros basin, Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 112, 104025 https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpetgeo. 2019.104035" type="journal article" year="2020">Mohseni and Javanmard (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(= simple biserial foraminifera);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB01FD9AA0D0C52F" author="Kiarostami, K. & Baghbani, D. & Aleali, S. M. & Aghanabati, S. A. & Parandavar, M." box="[1159,1437,588,612]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="155 - 164" refId="ref86516" refString="Kiarostami, K., Baghbani, D., Aleali, S. M., Aghanabati, S. A. & Parandavar, M., 2019. Investigation of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic of the Sarvak Formation at type section. Geosciences, 29 (113): 155 - 164." type="journal article" year="2019">Kiarostami et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(indeterminate, but incompatible with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFB5BFDB8A02FC5CE" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[1245,1378,622,645]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFB5BFDB8A02FC5CE" box="[1245,1378,622,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFCB6FD58A124C5ED" author="Rikhtegarzadeh, M. & Vaziri, S. H. & Aleali, M. & Amiri Bakhtiar, H. & Jahani, D." box="[816,1129,654,678]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="194 - 208" refId="ref94890" refString="Rikhtegarzadeh, M., Vaziri, S. H., Aleali, M., Amiri Bakhtiar, H. & Jahani, D., 2016. Microbiostratigraphy, microfacies and depositional environment of the Sarvak Formation in Bi Bi Hakimeh Oil Field (well no. 29), southwest Iran. International Journal of Geography and Geology, 5 (10): 194 - 208." type="journal article" year="2016">Rikhtegarzadeh et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(simple biserial to uniserial foraminifera) (all Iranian Zagros – note there are also many unillustrated records from this region e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFAE7FD07A6A5C441" author="Fourcade, E. & Mouty, M. & Teherani, K. K." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="179 - 192" refId="ref81350" refString="Fourcade, E., Mouty, M. & Teherani, K. K., 1997. Levantinella nov. gen. and revision of the genus Mangashtia Henson, large foraminifers from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the Middle-East. Geobios, 30 (2): 179 - 192." type="journal article" year="1997">Fourcade et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A form illustrated as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFB79FD24A6C1C460" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFB79FD24A03AC441" box="[1279,1399,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Merlingina</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFCB6FCC2A6C1C460" box="[816,908,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?” from the undifferentiated Upper Cretaceous of Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFC00FCE3A6FCC407" box="[902,945,821,844]" name="Iran" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFC39FCE2A04EC407" author="Rahiminejad, A. H. & Hassani, M. J." box="[959,1283,820,844]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="53 - 66" refId="ref94222" refString="Rahiminejad, A. H. & Hassani, M. J., 2016. Paleoenvironmental distribution patterns of orbitolinids in the Lower Cretaceous deposits of eastern Rafsanjan, Central Iran. Marine Micropaleontology, 122: 53 - 66." type="journal article" year="2016">Rahiminejad & Hassani, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is not related to true
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFCF8FC80A14BC426" box="[894,1030,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFCF8FC80A14FC426" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[894,1026,854,877]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">M. cretacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It appears to be a simple trochospiral foraminifera. Fragmentary specimens from “Senonian” strata from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFB90FC41A10AC4E4" box="[1046,1095,919,943]" name="Italy" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFBDEFC41A078C4E4" author="Luperto-Sinni, E." box="[1112,1333,919,943]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="293 - 416" refId="ref88298" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E., 1976. Microfossili Senoniani delle Murge. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 82 (2): 293 - 416." type="journal article" year="1976">Luperto-Sinni, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFCB6FC6EA1D8C49B" author="Luperto-Sinni, E. & Ricchetti, G." box="[816,1173,952,976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="561 - 666" refId="ref88254" refString="Luperto-Sinni, E. & Ricchetti, G., 1978. Studio micropaleontologico-stratigrafico di una successione carbonatica del Cretaceo Superiore rilevata nel sottosuolo delle Murge Sud-Orientali. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 84 (3): 561 - 666." type="journal article" year="1978">Luperto-Sinni & Ricchetti, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described as
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFAB0FC6FA611C4BA" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFAB0FC6FA61AC4BA" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">M. cretacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
cannot be confirmed as this species, and can be discounted, as can an unillustrated record from the Turonian of the Iranian Zagros (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB99FBCDA053C378" author="Shapourikia, R. & Afghah, M. & Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, M. & Dehghanian, M." box="[1055,1310,1051,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref98640" refString="Shapourikia, R., Afghah, M., Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, M. & Dehghanian, M., 2021. Microbiostratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation (Cenomanian) in the Aghar and Homa wells in sub-coastal and coastal Fars, (south of Iran). Carbonates and Evaporites, 36 (4): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2021">Shapourikia et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFCB6FBEBA6B6C2D4" blockId="29.[816,1437,158,1439]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
In previous reviews, extension of the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFAB1FBEBA618C33E" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFAB1FBEBA618C33E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into (basal) Turonian strata is based on information from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFCF4FBA9A682C3DC" box="[882,975,1151,1175]" name="Lebanon" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFBA6FBA9A1ADC3DC" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[1056,1248,1151,1175]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref96200" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1981. Lebanon. In: Reyment, R. A. & Bengtson, P. (eds.) Aspects of Mid-Cretaceous Regional Geology. IGCP Projects 58, Academic Press, pp. 103 - 131." type="book chapter" year="1981">Saint-Marc, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and as with a number of other taxa, this age assignment needs review. The species occurs in beds that from associated ammonite data appear to straddle the Cenomanian – Turonian boundary, but the precise stratigraphic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFA06FAD2A6C1C277" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFA06FAD2A6C1C277" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurrences relative to these ammonite occurrences is uncertain. Given this, and the lack of any other substantiated Turonian records,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFB14FAB1A058C235" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[1170,1301,1383,1406]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFB14FAB1A058C235" box="[1170,1301,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is excluded from the Turonian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC4A20EFCB6FA1CA19BC16F" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFCB6FA1CA1BAC2A9" blockId="29.[816,1271,1482,1506]" box="[816,1271,1482,1506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Cenomanian Paleogeographic Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFCB6F9DAA19BC16F" blockId="29.[816,1437,1548,2068]" box="[816,1238,1548,1572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Neotethys and Caribbean,?S. America.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC4A20EFCB6F9F8A6B2CF5F" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFCB6F9F8A63BC024" blockId="29.[816,1437,1548,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||
In addition to those previously mentioned above, other locations where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC4A20EFC60F999A125C12D" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[998,1128,1615,1638]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC4A20EFC60F999A125C12D" box="[998,1128,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">M. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded (unillustrated) include
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFC51F9B9A16AC1CC" box="[983,1063,1647,1671]" name="Algeria" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFBB1F9B9A07DC1CC" author="Benyoucef, M. & Meister, C. & Bensalah, M. & Malti, F-Z." box="[1079,1328,1647,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="205 - 218" refId="ref73766" refString="Benyoucef, M., Meister, C., Bensalah, M. & Malti, F-Z., 2012. La plateforme preafricaine (Cenomanien superieur - Turonien inferieur) dans la region de Bechar (Algerie): stratigraphie, paleoenvironments et signification paleobiogeographique. Revue de Paleobiologie, 31 (1): 205 - 218." type="journal article" year="2012">Benyoucef et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFAC4F9B9A6DEC1E3" author="Slami, R. & Ferre, B. & Benkherouf-Kechid, F." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="104604" refId="ref99584" refString="Slami, R., Ferre, B. & Benkherouf-Kechid, F., 2022. Cenomanian ostracods (Crustacea) of Djebel Sabaoune (Batna, Algeria): Specific assemblage and significance. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 193, 104604, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jafrearsci. 2022.104604" type="journal article" year="2022">Slami et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFC37F946A14CC1E3" box="[945,1025,1680,1704]" name="Tunisia" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB93F946A1AFC1E3" author="Touir, J. & Mechi, C. & Ali, H. H." box="[1045,1250,1680,1704]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="527 - 541" refId="ref100936" refString="Touir, J., Mechi, C. & Ali, H. H., 2017. Changes in carbonate sedimentation and faunal assemblages in the Tunisian carbonate platform around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 129: 527 - 541." type="journal article" year="2017">Touir et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFA86F947A005C1E3" box="[1280,1352,1681,1704]" name="France" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4988F842FFC4A20EFADBF946A628C182" country="France" name="Aquitaine" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Aquitaine</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFCF8F967A1E7C182" author="Deloffre, R. & Hamaoui, M." box="[894,1194,1713,1737]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="37 - 61" refId="ref79450" refString="Deloffre, R. & Hamaoui, M., 1979. Decouverte de Pseudedomia (foraminifere) en Aquitaine. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration - Production Elf-Aquitaine, 3 (1): 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1979">Deloffre & Hamaoui, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFB45F967A050C182" box="[1219,1309,1713,1737]" name="Portugal" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFAA8F967A628C1A1" author="Lauverjat, J." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref87514" refString="Lauverjat, J., 1976. Le Cenomanien de la Vallee du Mondego (Portugal). Limite avec le Turonien. Evolution Ouest-Est, implications paleogeographiques. Geologie Mediterraneenne, 1: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="1976">Lauverjat, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFC06F904A683C1A1" box="[896,974,1746,1770]" name="Croatia" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFC66F904A1A6C1A1" author="Velic, I. & Vlahovic, I." box="[992,1259,1746,1770]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref101422" refString="Velic, I. & Vlahovic, I., 1994. Foraminiferal assemblages in the Cenomanian of the Buzet-Savudrija area (northwestern Istria, Croatia). Geologia Croatica, 47 (1): 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1994">Velić & Vlahović, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB7BF904A62BC047" author="Husinec, A. & Velic, I. & Fucek, L. & Vlahovic, I. & Maticec, D. & Ostric, N. & Korbar, T." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="155 - 171" refId="ref84655" refString="Husinec, A., Velic, I., Fucek, L., Vlahovic, I., Maticec, D., Ostric, N. & Korbar, T., 2000. Mid Cretaceous orbitolinid (Foraminiferida) record from the islands of Cres and Losinj (Croatia) and its regional stratigraphic correlation. Cretaceous Research, 21: 155 - 171." type="journal article" year="2000">Husinec et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFC05F922A140C047" author="Velic, I." box="[899,1037,1780,1804]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref101499" refString="Velic, I., 2007. Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides (SE Europe). Geologia Croatica, 60 (1): 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="2007">Velić, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFBADF922A066C047" author="Husinec, A. & Velic, I. & Sokac, B." box="[1067,1323,1780,1804]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref84724" refString="Husinec, A., Velic, I. & Sokac, B., 2009. Diversity patterns in Mid-Cretaceous benthic foraminifers and Dasycladacean algae of the southern part of the Mesozoic Adriatic Platform, Croatia. Geologic Problem Solving with Microfossils, SEPM Special Publication, 93: 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009">Husinec et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
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);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFAD7F922A0D1C047" box="[1361,1436,1780,1804]" name="Greece" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Decrouez, 1978;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFC7FF8C3A1C8C066" author="Fleury, J. - J." box="[1017,1157,1813,1837]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="479 - 651" refId="ref81096" refString="Fleury, J. - J., 1980. Les zones de Gavrovo-Tripolitza et de Pinde-Olonos (Grece continentale et Peloponnese du Nord); Evolution d'une plate- forme et d'un basin dans leur cadre alpin. Societe Geologique du Nord, 4: 479 - 651." type="journal article" year="1980">Fleury, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFB11F8C3A100C005" author="Pomoni-Papaioannou, F. A. & Zambetakis-Lekkas, A." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref93669" refString="Pomoni-Papaioannou, F. A. & Zambetakis-Lekkas, A., 2009. Facies associations of the late Cenomanian carbonate platform of Tripolitza subzone (Vitina, Central Peloponnesus, Greece): evidence of long-term / terrestrial subaerial exposure. Italian Journal of Geosciences, 128 (1): 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2009">Pomoni-Papaioannou & Zambetakis-Lekkas, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC4A20EFB24F8E0A1B2C005" box="[1186,1279,1846,1870]" name="Slovenia" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC4A20EFA93F8E0A628C024" author="Palci, A. & Jurkovsek, B. & Caldwell, M. W." pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="316 - 328" refId="ref92532" refString="Palci, A., Jurkovsek, B., Kolar-Jurkovsek & Caldwell, M. W., 2008. New palaeoenvironmental model for the Komen (Slovenia) Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) fossil lagerstatte. Cretaceous Research, 29: 316 - 328." type="journal article" year="2008">Palci et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC4A20EFCB6F8AFA6B2CF5F" blockId="29.[816,1437,1548,2068]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">From the preceding discussion of stratigraphic distribution, it is possible that this species may have originated in the Levant region in the?early Cenomanian but was very widespread throughout Neotethys by middle – late Cenomanian times.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |