539 lines
70 KiB
XML
539 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="712B0CE85982B21CCAA12BB8E8FEADC3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191667" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7c6d4bc-0d9b-4c18-a4c7-8eaf30e6c54e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191667" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461130545889" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb, Dos, Cecilia L. S. & Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2009" docId="03D8A92EFFEFFFF9AC80FEE6FE4BF8E2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02299p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2299" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFE1D156FFECFFF1AC17FF9AFFA7FFB7" masterDocTitle="Studies on Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp (Diptera: Culicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698597724006" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="276CCC18ABE0ADB9C12F200FCAC40002">
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<mods:title id="FEFF78AD67BEDD15C7EC0D205AC739DC">Studies on Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp (Diptera: Culicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="38EDF1D27C8624191F1FDBA03AFC0154">Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5FA56876634889AE8AF037E1D88663B">Dos, Cecilia L. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E92339C093154C8CCF8D42E5D82A3F14">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E7DF964D32B5384C6FA40C8412BEA9FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E86E35128695849835629F65D2D83EE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="02C28DD974BF36E0EC103C2545B6B15B">
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<mods:date id="471E0A976A74DE5DD1DB80EC4D6083F4">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="801ED81643BD2571EC3CB595A775AA59" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C1048C1AFE63641BF0D63C8A9F34CC5A">2299</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="601C88F9E261ED63CD2E91A0C77D63DF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7F84455EB09A4EBC685899C6F38AFD10" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3259A2015730A27C08E4799648147D56" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="15EC942A9C9B9FB2F57819DF4F61B310" type="Zenodo-Dep">191667</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D8A92EFFEFFFF9AC80FEE6FE4BF8E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214699" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626842" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214699" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8A92EFFEFFFF9AC80FEE6FE4BF8E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8A92EFFEFFFF9AC80FEE6FE4BF8E2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C36B4BB3FFEFFFF2AC80FEE6FD34FE22" box="[151,659,379,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEFFFF2AC80FEE6FD34FE22" blockId="3.[151,659,379,406]" box="[151,659,379,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D086AF54FFEFFFF2AC80FEE6FD34FE22" bold="true" box="[151,659,379,406]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEFFFF2AC80FEE6FD34FE22" ID-CoL="89ZHS" authority="Komp" authorityName="Komp" box="[151,659,379,406]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus" subGenus="Kerteszia">
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<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AC80FEE6FD34FE22" bold="true" box="[151,659,379,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AC80FEE6FEB1FE21" bold="true" box="[151,278,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD30FEE6FE31FE21" bold="true" box="[295,406,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kerteszia</emphasis>
|
||
)
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||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2ADB0FEE6FD99FE21" bold="true" box="[423,574,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">homunculus</emphasis>
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||
Komp
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36B4BB3FFEFFFF5AC80FE5FFCFDFE91" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEFFFF2AC80FE5FFDE1FDAB" blockId="3.[151,1437,453,828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB613F16FFEFFFF2AC80FE5FFDE1FDAB" infered="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEFFFF2AC80FE5FFD40FE6B" ID-CoL="89ZHS" authority="Komp, 1937: 509" authorityName="Komp" authorityPageNumber="509" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,743,453,476]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus" subGenus="Kerteszia">
|
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<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AC80FE5FFEA1FE6B" box="[151,262,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD0DFE5FFED8FE6B" box="[282,383,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kerteszia</emphasis>
|
||
)
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||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD84FE5FFDB3FE6B" box="[403,532,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">homunculus</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AE08FE5FFD40FE6B" author="Komp" box="[543,743,453,476]" page="509" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1937">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AE08FE5FFD0AFE6B" author="Komp" box="[543,685,453,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Komp, W. H. W. (1937) The species of the subgenus Kerteszia of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 30, 492 - 529." type="journal article" year="1937">Komp, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 509
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54CAA69AFFEFFFF2AEE1FE5FFCC6FE6B" box="[758,865,453,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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male (no. 3) with associated larval skin and male genitalia on separate microscope slides, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH),
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<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2A90BFE7FFAF2FE4B" box="[1308,1365,485,508]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
. Typelocality: Restrepo, Meta,
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<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2ADC2FD9FFDE5FDAB" box="[469,578,517,540]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEFFFF2AC80FDBFFC35FDCB" blockId="3.[151,1437,453,828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB613F16FFEFFFF2AC80FDBFFC35FDCB" infered="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEFFFF2AC80FDBFFD0AFD8B" ID-CoL="87RQM" authority="Komp, 1937: 514" authorityName="Komp" authorityPageNumber="514" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,685,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anoplus" subGenus="Kerteszia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AC80FDBFFEA1FD8B" box="[151,262,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD00FDBFFEDBFD8B" box="[279,380,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kerteszia</emphasis>
|
||
)
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||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD9AFDBFFE46FD8B" box="[397,481,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">anoplus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2ADFCFDBFFD0AFD8B" author="Komp" box="[491,685,549,572]" page="514" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1937">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2ADFCFDBFFDD1FD8B" author="Komp" box="[491,630,549,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Komp, W. H. W. (1937) The species of the subgenus Kerteszia of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 30, 492 - 529." type="journal article" year="1937">Komp, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 514
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CAA69AFFEFFFF2AEAEFDBFFCBBFD8B" box="[697,796,549,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male with associated larval exuviae and male genitalia on separate microscope slides, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2A8D6FDDFFB5DFDEB" box="[1217,1274,581,604]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Type-locality: Restrepo, Meta,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2AD60FDFFFE43FDCB" box="[375,484,613,636]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2ADF9FDFFFD32FDCB" author="Lane" box="[494,661,613,636]" page="287" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1953">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2ADF9FDFFFDC4FDCB" author="Lane" box="[494,611,613,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vol. I. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 548 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 287
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(syn.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEFFFF2AEC0FDFFFC24FDCB" ID-CoL="89ZHS" box="[727,899,613,636]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AEC0FDFFFC24FDCB" box="[727,899,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEFFFF2AC80FD1FFBBAFC8B" blockId="3.[151,1437,453,828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB613F16FFEFFFF2AC80FD1FFBBAFC8B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEFFFF2AC80FD1FFDAEFD2B" box="[151,521,645,668]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculu" subGenus="Kerteszia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AC80FD1FFEA1FD2B" box="[151,262,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD0DFD1FFED8FD2B" box="[282,383,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kerteszia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AD84FD1FFDAEFD2B" box="[403,521,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">homunculu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
s of
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AE56FD1FFC81FD2B" author="Coutinho" box="[577,806,645,668]" page="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1946">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AE56FD1FFD48FD2B" author="Coutinho" box="[577,751,645,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Coutinho, J. O. (1946) Contribuicao para o estudo do sub-genero Kerteszia com a descricao do macho de Anopheles (Kerteszia) bambusicolus Komp, 1937. Livro homenagem R. F. d'Almeida 13, 149 - 153." type="journal article" year="1946">Coutinho, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 149
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(first record in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2AFF6FD1FFB82FD2B" box="[993,1061,645,668]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, systematics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2A8DCFD1FFA3BFD2B" author="Coutinho" box="[1227,1436,645,668]" page="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1947">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2A8DCFD1FFAD5FD2B" author="Coutinho" box="[1227,1394,645,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Coutinho, J. O. (1947) Contribuicao para o estudo da distribuicao geografica dos anofelinos do Brasil: sua importancia na transmissao da malaria. Industria Grafica Siqueira, Sao Paulo, 117 pp." type="book" year="1947">Coutinho 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 13
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AD76FD3FFD84FD0B" author="Rachou" box="[353,547,677,700]" page="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AD76FD3FFE55FD0B" author="Rachou" box="[353,498,677,700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Rachou, R. G. (1958) Anofelinos no Brasil: comportamento das especies vetoras de malaria. Revista Brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas Tropicais 10, 145 - 181." type="journal article" year="1958">Rachou 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 149
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(malaria vector status);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AF32FD3FFC69FD0B" author="Lima" box="[805,974,677,700]" page="401" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1952">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AF32FD3FFC3BFD0B" author="Lima" box="[805,924,677,700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Lima, M. M. (1952) Do diagnostico diferencial entre o Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii e o Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus na fase larvaria. Revista Brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas Tropicais 4, 401 - 411." type="journal article" year="1952">Lima 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 401
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(systematics, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2A8E2FD3FFA3BFD0B" author="Lane" box="[1269,1436,677,700]" page="287" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2A8E2FD3FFACDFD0B" author="Lane" box="[1269,1386,677,700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vol. I. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 548 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 287
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(systematics, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2ADFAFD5FFD12FD6B" author="Martins" box="[493,693,709,732]" page="429" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2ADFAFD5FFD26FD6B" author="Martins" box="[493,641,709,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Martins, C. M. (1958) Do diagnostico diferencial especifico entre o Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii cruzii e o Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus pelos caracteres dos adultos femeas (Diptera, Culicidae). Revista Brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas Tropicais 10, 429 - 430." type="journal article" year="1958">Martins 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 429
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(adult female identification);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AFEDFD5FFB6CFD6B" author="Forattini" box="[1018,1227,709,732]" page="441" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AFEDFD5FFB30FD6B" author="Forattini" box="[1018,1175,709,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Forattini, O. P. (1962) Entomologia medica. Parte geral, Diptera, Anophelini. Vol. 1. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 662 pp." type="book" year="1962">Forattini 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 441
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*) (systematics, distribution);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AD4BFD7FFDB1FD4B" author="Aragao" box="[348,534,741,764]" page="73" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AD4BFD7FFE49FD4B" author="Aragao" box="[348,494,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Aragao, M. B. (1964) Distribuicao geografica e abundancia das especies de Anopheles (Kerteszia) (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista Brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas Tropicais 16, 73 - 109." type="journal article" year="1964">Aragão 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 73
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(distribution, bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AF29FD7FFBACFD4B" author="Ferreira" box="[830,1035,741,764]" page="329" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AF29FD7FFC72FD4B" author="Ferreira" box="[830,981,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Ferreira, E. (1964) Distribuicao geografica dos anofelinos no Brasil e sua relacao com o estado atual da erradicacao da malaria. Revista Brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas Tropicais 16, 329 - 348." type="journal article" year="1964">Ferreira 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 329
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(distribution, bionomics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2A924FD7FFE80FCAB" author="Zavortink" page="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2A924FD7FFEA7FCAB" author="Zavortink" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Zavortink, T. J. (1973) Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXIX. A review of the subgenus Kerteszia of Anopheles. Contribution of the American Entomological Institute 9 (3), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1973">Zavortink 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part, specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2AE56FC9FFD24FCAB" box="[577,643,773,796]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, systematics);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD03E29FFEFFFF2AF34FC9FFB19FCAB" author="Calado" box="[803,1214,773,796]" page="1128" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFEFFFF2AF34FC9FFBD9FCAB" author="Calado" box="[803,1150,773,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Calado, D. C. & Navarro-Silva, M. A. (2005) Identificacao de Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii Dyar & Knab e Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp (Diptera, Culicidae, Anophelinae) atraves de marcadores moleculares (RAPD e RFLP). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, 1127 - 1133." type="journal article" year="2005">Calado and Navarro-Silva 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1128
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(PCR-RAPD, PCR- RFLP identification); Sallum et al. 2008: 671 (first record, Espírito Santo state).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEFFFF5AC80FCF1FCFDFE91" blockId="3.[151,1437,875,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,294]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AC80FCF1FD8BFC32" bold="true" box="[151,556,875,901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Morphological characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEFFFF2AE23FCF6FCE4FC32" ID-CoL="89ZHS" box="[564,835,876,901]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEFFFF2AE23FCF6FCE4FC32" box="[564,835,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized as described below. In the male genitalia the ventral claspette is densely spiculose mesally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AF61FC08FC1CFC1B" box="[886,955,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1336,351,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Anopheles homunculus Komp (lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of Anopheles homunculus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B), possessing a broad, large, lateral expansion that is somewhat sinuous at the lateral edges, curved posteriorly in ventral direction and possessing a long, sharp retrorse point anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AE71FC7AFD0EFC4D" box="[614,681,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1336,351,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Anopheles homunculus Komp (lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of Anopheles homunculus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D); the lobes of the ventral claspette are separated by a deep funnel-shaped emargination, and are connected at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AF38FB9CFCD6FB97" box="[815,881,1030,1056]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1336,351,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Anopheles homunculus Komp (lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of Anopheles homunculus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E); the dorsal claspette has two groups of long setae, a dorsal group composed of five long, twisted, flattened, swollen at mid-length, then tapering, becoming slender at apical 0.3 and ending in a narrow, pointed apex, and the ventral group is composed of three setae that are narrow, contorted and flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AEE4FBE0FC93FB23" box="[755,820,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1336,351,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Anopheles homunculus Komp (lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of Anopheles homunculus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D); the aedeagus is long and slender with a pair of distinctive subapical leaflets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2ADEDFB3BFD9AFB0C" box="[506,573,1185,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1336,351,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Anopheles homunculus Komp (lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of Anopheles homunculus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and the apical opening is bordered by two minute, incomplete lateral sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AD07FB52FEFFFB55" box="[272,344,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,258,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1336,351,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Anopheles homunculus Komp (lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of Anopheles homunculus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Adult females can be recognized by a lack of scales on abdominal terga II-VII, the mesepimeron has both upper and middle patches of scales, the hindtarsomeres 2-5 possess broad apical bands of white scales, the maxillary palpomere 3 has scales slightly to moderately outstanding, scales on the palpomere 4 are decumbent or moderately outstanding, and the abdominal terga are dark, mauve when whole mounted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEFFFF2AD31FAF8FED8FACB" box="[294,383,1378,1404]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
balsam on a microscope slide. Larvae are distinctly purple with a dorsal pattern of dark pigment on the thorax and abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AE5DFA13FD37FA14" box="[586,656,1417,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The thorax is entirely bright purple, with dark pigment forming a complex pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AD69FA2AFE61FA7D" box="[382,454,1456,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). On the abdomen the purple color is more evident on segments III, VI, VII and VIII, and laterally on the remaining segments. The abdominal dark pigment pattern on segments I and II is concentrated dorsomedially, the dark pattern of segment I is connected to that on segment II by a narrow dark bridge, in the abdominal segment III, the dark pattern extends laterally at the level of seta 6, with two large unpigmented areas bordering a central unpigmented area, the dark pigment pattern reaches the posterior border of the segment with a median dark line extending anteriorly into the unpigmented medial portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2A97BF9EBFF00F905" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), the dark pattern on segments IV and V are distinct, restricted to the longitudinal anteroposterior portion, the dark pattern on segment IV is connected to that on segment V by a narrow dark bridge, on segments VI, VII and VIII, the dark pattern is distinct, extending to lateral sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2AFD4F97FFBACF948" box="[963,1035,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The fourth-instar larva can be recognized as follow: seta 4-A usually single; seta 3-C stronger than 2-C (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEFFFF2A802F896FBF9F891" box="[1045,1118,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D); 4-C stronger than 2-C, single or forked at apex; 5,7-C long; 6-C moderately long or long, reaching or extending beyond insertion of 4-C; 1-I-VII palmate, small, with pointed or blunt leaflets; 5-II-V branched near base;
|
||
<date id="FFCF3EF8FFEFFFF2A893F8C3FB1CF8C4" box="[1156,1211,1881,1907]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6-VI</date>
|
||
long, plumose; 4a- X usually weakly developed, shorter or slightly longer than anal saddle; pecten alternating long and short spines medially, spicules restricted to basal portion of external edge; and saddle darkly pigmented dorsally. The pupa can be recognized by: possessing a trumpet darkly pigmented at mid-length, somewhat yellow at base and apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFE8FFF5AD5AFF02FE33FF05" box="[333,404,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E); seta
|
||
<date id="FFCF3EF8FFE8FFF5ADE3FF02FD85FF05" box="[500,546,152,178]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9-V</date>
|
||
moderately long, pointed, dissimilar to
|
||
<date id="FFCF3EF8FFE8FFF5AFECFF02FB93FF05" box="[1019,1076,152,178]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9-III</date>
|
||
; paddle obovate, unpigmented or very weakly pigmented, lighter than posterior abdominal segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFE8FFF5AFC0FF24FBB9FF6F" box="[983,1054,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[349,1246,349,1462]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of Anopheles homunculus from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F); outer edge of paddle distal to external buttress without spicules, marginal spicules along distal portion of external buttress closely spaced, moderately long, numerous; and, by its distinct purple color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E48B0FFE8FFF5AC80F90AFAE9F8A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[258,1331,358,1652]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE8FFF5AC80F90AFAE9F8A7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1680,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5AC80F90AFEB8F91F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1680,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE8FFF5ADE7F90BFCE7F91F" authority="Komp" authorityName="Komp" box="[496,832,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5ADE7F90BFD54F91F" box="[496,755,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
Komp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lectotype) from Restrepo, Colombia, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE8FFF5A93FF90BFEBFF97D" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5A93FF90BFEBFF97D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, B, detail of the ventral claspette showing mesal spicules; C, D, detail of the ventral claspette showing the anterior retrorse process; E, aedeagus showing the lateral leaflets; F, detail of the apex of the aedeagus showing the minute apicolateral sclerite. B and D represent the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE8FFF5A846F963FAEFF8A7" box="[1105,1352,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5A846F963FAEFF8A7" box="[1105,1352,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36B4BB3FFE8FFF4ACD1F8DBFBADF90F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE8FFF5ACD1F8DBFBCAF867" blockId="4.[151,1436,1857,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5ACD1F8DBFEC0F8EC" bold="true" box="[198,359,1857,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5AD79F8D8FD0FF8EC" box="[366,680,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE8FFF5AD79F8D8FDD9F8EC" box="[366,638,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="homunculus">Anopheles homunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2367951FFE8FFF5AE92F8D8FD0FF8EC" box="[645,680,1858,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a large, discontinuous distribution in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5A8F6F8D8FAEDF8EB" box="[1249,1354,1858,1884]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was reported from localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5ADC2F8F3FDEAF834" box="[469,589,1897,1923]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5AE4EF8F3FD71F834" box="[601,726,1897,1923]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5AEF5F8F3FC9BF834" box="[738,828,1897,1923]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Guianas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5AFF1F8F3FBBBF834" box="[998,1052,1897,1923]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5A840F8F3FB38F834" box="[1111,1183,1897,1923]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE8FFF5A8B8F8F3FAC9F834" author="Zavortink" box="[1199,1390,1897,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="18" refString="Zavortink, T. J. (1973) Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXIX. A review of the subgenus Kerteszia of Anopheles. Contribution of the American Entomological Institute 9 (3), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1973">Zavortink 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5AC80F815FF45F81E" box="[151,226,1935,1961]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE8FFF5ACF9F80AFE0AF81E" box="[238,429,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE8FFF5ACF9F80AFE0AF81E" box="[238,429,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from areas in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE8FFF5AEEBF815FC9FF81E" box="[764,824,1935,1961]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica in Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Espírito Santo states (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE8FFF5AD82F82CFDE7F867" author="Forattini" box="[405,576,1974,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Forattini, O. P. (1962) Entomologia medica. Parte geral, Diptera, Anophelini. Vol. 1. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 662 pp." type="book" year="1962">Forattini 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE8FFF5AE5AF82CFD2CF867" author="Forattini" box="[589,651,1974,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Forattini, O. P. (2002) Culicidologia medica: identificacao, biologia, epidemologia. Vol. 2. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 864 pp." type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE8FFF5AE81F82CFCDCF867" author="Marrelli" box="[662,891,1974,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" refString="Marrelli, M. T., Malafronte, R. S., Sallum, M. A. M. & Natal, D. (2007) Kerteszia subgenus of Anopheles associated with the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest: current knowledge and future challenges. Malaria Journal 6, 127." type="journal article" year="2007">Marrelli et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Sallum et al. 2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE9FFF4ACD1FF02FA93FF48" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Considering the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4AE29FF02FD5BFF06" box="[574,764,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4AE29FF02FD5BFF06" box="[574,764,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4A833FF02FB30FF06" box="[1060,1175,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4A833FF02FB30FF06" box="[1060,1175,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">An. cruzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it would be plausible to suppose that the geographical distribution of the taxon may be more extensive than is reported in the published literature. The species may occur along the Atlantic coast, and also in areas in west
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE9FFF4A8F3FF7FFA97FF48" box="[1252,1328,229,255]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E48B0FFE9FFF4AC80FA5CFCE6F9F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[357,1240,356,1455]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE9FFF4AC80FA5CFCE6F9F2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1478,1605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4AC80FA5CFEBCFA69" bold="true" box="[151,283,1478,1502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Fourth-instar larva and pupa structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4AEF8FA5DFC4DFA69" box="[751,1002,1479,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4AEF8FA5DFC4DFA69" box="[751,1002,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mata Atlântica, Brazil. A, fourthinstar larva showing the bright purple color in the thorax and abdominal segments I-VIII; B, fourth-instar larva showing the darkly pigmented pattern in the abdominal segments I-VIII; C, cephalothorax of the pupa, showing a dark ring in the middle of the trumpet; D, metanotum and abdomen of the pupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE9FFF4ACD1F9EDFBADF90F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1655,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4ACD1F9EDFEF7F926" bold="true" box="[198,336,1655,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats for the immature stages of both forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4AFC0F9E2FB3DF926" box="[983,1178,1656,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4AFC0F9E2FB3DF926" box="[983,1178,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the leaf axils of epiphytic and terrestrial bromeliads in areas of dense humid primary forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36B4BB3FFE9FFF9ACD1F95FFE4BF8E2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE9FFF4ACD1F95FFD75F8CD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1655,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4ACD1F95FFE6EF968" bold="true" box="[198,457,1733,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Medical importance.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4ADC6F95FFD78F969" box="[465,735,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4ADC6F95FFD78F969" box="[465,735,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed to be a highly anthropophilic and endophylic species in Blumenau, Santa Catarina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AE4AF976FCB2F8B1" author="Coutinho" box="[605,789,1772,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Coutinho, J. O. (1947) Contribuicao para o estudo da distribuicao geografica dos anofelinos do Brasil: sua importancia na transmissao da malaria. Industria Grafica Siqueira, Sao Paulo, 117 pp." type="book" year="1947">Coutinho 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a secondary or local vector of human malaria in localities in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE9FFF4AD69F888FE1DF89B" box="[382,442,1810,1836]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE9FFF4AEB0F888FD48F89B" box="[679,751,1810,1836]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AEEAF888FC3AF89B" author="Rachou" box="[765,925,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Rachou, R. G. (1958) Anofelinos no Brasil: comportamento das especies vetoras de malaria. Revista Brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas Tropicais 10, 145 - 181." type="journal article" year="1958">Rachou 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AFBEF888FBF6F89B" author="Forattini" box="[937,1105,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Forattini, O. P. (1962) Entomologia medica. Parte geral, Diptera, Anophelini. Vol. 1. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 662 pp." type="book" year="1962">Forattini 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4A84AF888FB3AF89B" author="Forattini" box="[1117,1181,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Forattini, O. P. (2002) Culicidologia medica: identificacao, biologia, epidemologia. Vol. 2. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 864 pp." type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females were found naturally infected with both oocysts and sporozoits in localities in Santa Catarina state by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4A8D9F8A3FA30F8E4" author="Coutinho" box="[1230,1431,1849,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Coutinho, J. O. (1946) Contribuicao para o estudo do sub-genero Kerteszia com a descricao do macho de Anopheles (Kerteszia) bambusicolus Komp, 1937. Livro homenagem R. F. d'Almeida 13, 149 - 153." type="journal article" year="1946">Coutinho (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AC80F8FAFEEEF8CD" author="Rachou" box="[151,329,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Rachou, R. G. (1946) Da infectividade dos anofelinos do subgenero Kerteszia pelos parasitas da malaria humana. Folha Medica 27, 181 - 183." type="journal article" year="1946">Rachou (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AD91F8FAFD69F8CD" author="Rachou" box="[390,718,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Rachou, R. G. & Ferreira, M. O. (1947) As Kerteszias grandes responsaveis pela malaria no litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina. Folha Medica 28, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1947">Rachou and Ferreira (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE9FFF4ACD1F81CFF44F859" blockId="5.[151,1436,1655,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The role of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4AD58F81DFDABF817" box="[335,524,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4AD58F81DFDABF817" box="[335,524,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE9FFF4AE26F81DFD63F817" box="[561,708,1927,1952]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromalveolata" order="Haemosporida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE9FFF4AE26F81DFD63F817" box="[561,708,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transmission in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE9FFF4AF93F81CFC4FF817" box="[900,1000,1926,1952]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
has been recorded in the literature as either a vector or suspected vector (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AE2AF837FCAFF870" author="Pittendrigh" box="[573,776,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Pittendrigh, C. S. (1948) The bromeliad- Anopheles - malaria complex in Trinidad. I - The bromeliad flora. Evolution 2, 58 - 89." type="journal article" year="1948">Pittendrigh 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AF02F837FC65F870" author="Forattini" box="[789,962,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Forattini, O. P. (1962) Entomologia medica. Parte geral, Diptera, Anophelini. Vol. 1. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 662 pp." type="book" year="1962">Forattini 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE065C9FFE9FFF4AFD9F837FB53F870" author="Chadee" box="[974,1268,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Chadee, D. D. & Kitron, U. (1999) Spatial and temporal patterns of imported malaria cases and local transmission in Trinidad. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 61, 513 - 517." type="journal article" year="1999">Chadee and Kitron 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Chadee et al. 1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEAFFF7AC80FF0DFC16FE77" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AC80FF0DFD93FF06" bold="true" box="[151,564,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ITS2 molecular characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the nuclear rDNA cistron was sequenced for six individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7AE70FF25FC89FF6F" box="[615,814,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AE70FF25FC89FF6F" box="[615,814,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cananéia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AFE8FF24FB99FF6F" box="[1023,1086,190,216]" name="Malta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A8DEFF24FAB2FF6F" box="[1225,1301,190,216]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AD6BFF7FFE55FF48" box="[380,498,229,255]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176945" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176945</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7ADEDFF7FFDD5FF48" box="[506,626,229,255]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176950" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176950</accessionNumber>
|
||
), one direct sequence and eight clones from a single individual from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AC80FE96FEABFE91" box="[151,268,268,294]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AE68FE96FD50FE91" box="[639,759,268,294]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176951" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176951</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AEE9FE96FCDFFE91" box="[766,888,268,294]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176959" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176959</accessionNumber>
|
||
), and three specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7A8BFFE96FA3AFE92" box="[1192,1437,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7A8BFFE96FACFFE92" box="[1192,1384,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">An. homunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
l. s.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7ACCBFEA8FEE0FEFB" box="[220,327,306,332]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AED9FEA8FCEAFEFB" box="[718,845,306,332]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176960" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176960</accessionNumber>
|
||
-
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AF41FEA8FC72FEFB" box="[854,981,306,332]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176962" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176962</accessionNumber>
|
||
). The ITS2 sequences consist of the following base composition: 0.17544% T, 0.20468% A, 0.31871% C and 0.30117% G for Cananéia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A95CFEC3FA30FEC4" box="[1355,1431,345,371]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 0.17289% T, 0.20465% A, 0.32079% C and 0.30168% G for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AF84FE1AFBB7FE2D" box="[915,1040,384,410]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and 0.17544% T, 0.19883% A, 0.31823% C and 0.30750% G for
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AE30FE3DFCAAFE77" box="[551,781,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7AE30FE3DFD44FE77" box="[551,739,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">An. homunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
l. s
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AF52FE3CFC0AFE77" box="[837,941,422,448]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEAFFF7ACD1FE57FB70FD78" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
A single ITS2 sequence of this species was available in GenBank (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AFFEFE57FBD7FE50" box="[1001,1136,461,487]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ364655" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DQ364655</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A86AFE57FB6FFE50" box="[1149,1224,461,487]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Malafronte et al. 2006, unpublished). The ITS2 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7AEB3FE6EFCC3FDBA" box="[676,868,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AEB3FE6EFCC3FDBA" box="[676,868,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AFBAFE6EFC4DFDB9" box="[941,1002,500,526]" name="Malta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica, Cananéia, São Paulo (n = 5), and Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo (n = 1) share 100% similarity. However, one individual from Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (Petar Reserve), southern São Paulo state (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7A80BFDDBFB02FDEC" box="[1052,1189,577,603]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ364655" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DQ364655</accessionNumber>
|
||
), exhibited only 99% similarity with these specimens. Along a 344 bp alignment, three bases varied, one singleton polymorphic site (position 341), and two 1-bp indels (positions 339 and 344,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEAFFF7AF7CFD14FC13FD1F" box="[875,948,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A 498" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,269,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1279,262,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A 498 bp 5.8 S, ITS 2 and 28 S sequence alignment of Anopheles homunculus from Brazil, Colombia and Trinidad. (-) indicates either an indel or missing data at the 5 ’ and 3 ’ ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean uncorrected “P” distance among ITS2 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7AD61FD2FFD93FD79" box="[374,564,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AD61FD2FFD93FD79" box="[374,564,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cananéia / Santa Teresa and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AFDBFD2FFBE8FD78" box="[972,1103,693,719]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ364655" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DQ364655</accessionNumber>
|
||
is 0.00292.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEAFFF7ACD1FD46FE30FBCF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Comparing the ITS2 cloned sequences from a single Colombian specimen with those from Cananéia / Santa Teresa, excluding
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7ADD2FC98FDE8FCAB" box="[453,591,770,796]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ364655" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DQ364655</accessionNumber>
|
||
, the mean uncorrected P distance ranged from 0.00 to 0.00887. One cloned ITS2 sequence shares 100% similarity with sequences from samples collected in Cananéia / Santa Teresa. Sequences from the Colombian specimen showed superimposed chromatogram peaks apparently due to intragenomic indel variation in a CG repeat at positions 312 and 313, and a polymorphic C or T indel at position 337. Single base pair polymorphism in highly conserved regions may, however, represent sequencing/cloning artifacts. Apparently, there is no fixed difference between the Colombian and Cananéia / Santa Teresa specimens. Two clones showed either a T or C insertion at position 337, whereas the majority showed a deletion in this position. In contrast, sequences from the Cananéia / Santa Teresa specimens showed no polymorphism, and all five individuals were directly sequenced from PCR products, with a T at position
|
||
<quantity id="4C89B5DDFFEAFFF7AC80FBC4FF46FBCF" box="[151,225,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5598" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="337.0">337 in</quantity>
|
||
all individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEAFFF7ACD1FB1FFA96FA19" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Mean uncorrected P distance among three ITS2 sequences generated from
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7A82DFB1FFA8DFB29" box="[1082,1322,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7A82DFB1FFB50FB29" box="[1082,1271,1157,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">An. homunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
l. s.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7ACA1FB36FEBBFB71" box="[182,284,1196,1222]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
is 0.0000. There is a single ambiguity, which may be due to a sequencing artifact (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEAFFF7A91CFB36FAF2FB71" box="[1291,1365,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A 498" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,269,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1279,262,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A 498 bp 5.8 S, ITS 2 and 28 S sequence alignment of Anopheles homunculus from Brazil, Colombia and Trinidad. (-) indicates either an indel or missing data at the 5 ’ and 3 ’ ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mean uncorrected P distance among the ITS2 sequences of
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AF68FB49FBD9FB5B" box="[895,1150,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7AF68FB49FBE0FB5B" box="[895,1095,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">An. homunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
l. s.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A8DCFB48FA92FB5B" box="[1227,1333,1234,1260]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7A964FB49FE81FAA5" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7A964FB49FE81FAA5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AD78FB63FE44FAA4" box="[367,483,1273,1299]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AE08FB63FDC0FAA4" box="[543,615,1273,1299]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
ranged from 0.00298 to 0.01190. ITS2 sequences from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A913FB63FACEFAA4" box="[1284,1385,1273,1299]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7ACCEFABAFEE8FA8D" box="[217,335,1312,1338]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AD9CFABAFE6FFA8D" box="[395,456,1312,1338]" name="Malta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica varied at five sites, including two 2-bp indels (bases 211, 212 and 282, 283) and one singleton polymorphic site at position 190 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A04BDFFEAFFF7AF59FADCFC3FFAD7" box="[846,920,1350,1376]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A 498" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,269,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1279,262,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A 498 bp 5.8 S, ITS 2 and 28 S sequence alignment of Anopheles homunculus from Brazil, Colombia and Trinidad. (-) indicates either an indel or missing data at the 5 ’ and 3 ’ ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mean uncorrected P distance among clones from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AD3BFAF7FE07FA30" box="[300,416,1389,1415]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
ranged from 0.00 to 0.01173. The most divergent clone is E10225clone15. The mean uncorrected P distance between this clone and the remaining clones varied from 0.00887 to 0.01173.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEAFFF6ACD1FA20FD0DFF6F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Secondary structures were predicted in Sfold by centroids in Botzmann-weighted ensemble, which generated a set of clusters, and from them, the best cluster centroid was determined that reflected the highfrequency base-pair in the structure sample. Sfold also compares the centroids with suboptimal minimum free energy (MFE) structures. Based on sequence of one clone from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AF8AF9B4FBB4F9FF" box="[925,1043,1582,1608]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7A834F9B4FB07F9FF" box="[1059,1184,1582,1608]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176955" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176955</accessionNumber>
|
||
), the Srna module of Sfold generated the ensemble centroid shown in Fig. 4A, whereas for
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AFE4F9CFFBCDF9D8" box="[1011,1130,1621,1647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176953" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176953</accessionNumber>
|
||
the ensemble centroid is shown in Fig. 4B, and for the clone (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AE53F9E6FD1CF921" box="[580,699,1660,1686]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176945" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176945</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from Cananéia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AF90F9E6FC64F921" box="[903,963,1660,1686]" name="Malta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A853F9E6FB28F921" box="[1092,1167,1660,1686]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the ensemble centroid is shown in Fig. 5. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7ADB4F939FDF8F90B" box="[419,607,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7ADB4F939FDF8F90B" box="[419,607,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEAFFF7AE9FF938FD58F90B" box="[648,767,1698,1724]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176961" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FJ176961</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AF59F938FC12F90B" box="[846,949,1698,1724]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the ensemble centroid is shown in Fig. 6. In comparing the ensemble centroids of these three populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEAFFF7AFA5F953FBD6F955" box="[946,1137,1737,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEAFFF7AFA5F953FBD6F955" box="[946,1137,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">An. homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we identified helix I, II, and III. Helix II can be recognized by the characteristic pyrimidine-pyrimidine mismatch (C-U) (Fig. 6). Helix III is the longest helix and can be recognized by having its most conserved region on the 5’ side, near the tip (in brackets). Also, a highly conserved pairing (GGU) is in helix III on positions 131-133, and a UGGU motif is at positions 200-203 on the 3’side of the most conserved region of helix III. The indels observed in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AD49F810FE63F813" box="[350,452,1930,1956]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
are in loop regions, i.e., deletion of a UA at position 211-212 is located in a loop between two side arms, and the UG insertion, positions 280-281, is on a loop at the apex of a sidearm of helix III (Fig. 6). This sidearm is absent in sequences from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AF13F842FCDFF845" box="[772,888,2008,2034]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7AFB8F842FC4CF845" box="[943,1003,2008,2034]" name="Malta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEAFFF7A87BF842FB13F845" box="[1132,1204,2008,2034]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fig. 4B, 5), except in one clone from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFEBFFF6AD6DFF02FE55FF05" box="[378,498,152,178]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFEBFFF6AE14FF02FD27FF05" box="[515,640,152,178]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176955" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FJ176955</accessionNumber>
|
||
, Fig. 4A). No compensatory base changes (CBC) were observed among sequences from the three populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E48B0FFEBFFF6AC80F832FC08F855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[305,1266,269,1940]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFEBFFF6AC80F832FC08F855" blockId="7.[151,1436,1960,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEBFFF6AC80F832FEBAF877" bold="true" box="[151,285,1960,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A 498 bp 5.8S, ITS2 and 28S sequence alignment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFEBFFF6AF78F832FBCCF808" box="[879,1131,1960,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFEBFFF6AF78F832FBCCF808" box="[879,1131,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Brazil, Colombia and Trinidad. (-) indicates either an indel or missing data at the 5’ and 3’ ends.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE1838FFE4FFF9AC80F94BFE4BF8E2" blockId="8.[151,1437,1745,1882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE4FFF9AC80F94BFE83F95E" bold="true" box="[151,292,1745,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A, ITS2 ensemble centroid structure diagram for clone
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFE4FFF9AFABF94BFB89F95F" box="[956,1070,1745,1768]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176955" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FJ176955</accessionNumber>
|
||
from a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7163BBFFE4FFF9A933F94BFEBFF8BC" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905C42AFFE4FFF9A933F94BFEBFF8BC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anopheles homunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36658A8FFE4FFF9AD4EF96EFE62F8BC" box="[345,453,1780,1803]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, generated in Sfold software (http://sfold.wadsworth.org/srna.pl), using Botzmann weighted ensemble features of RNA secondary structures. Folding temperature 37o C, ionic conditions 1M NaCl. Δ˚37 = -160.50; B, clone
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942285DBFFE4FFF9ACC0F8A4FEE4F8E2" box="[215,323,1854,1877]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ176953" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FJ176953</accessionNumber>
|
||
, Δ˚37 = -159.90.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |