treatments-xml/data/03/CA/87/03CA87EF7004892DF99FFB164CF3682B.xml

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<mods:title>An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Herbert, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,1436,1186,1372]" box="[151,922,1186,1211]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3DTY5" authority="Barnard, 1963" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,676,1186,1211]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucophaos">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,478,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Falsimargarita glaucophaos</emphasis>
(Barnard, 
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)
</taxonomicName>
*—new combination
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,1436,1186,1372]" box="[151,318,1222,1247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation box="[158,309,1222,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A – D" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[186,1391,193,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[186,1391,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 6. A – D, Falsimargarita glaucophaos (Barnard, 1963), syntype, diameter 12.5 mm (SAM A 9830). E – G, Spectamen martensi sp. n., holotype, off Waterfall Bluff, E. Cape, 300 m, diameter 4.5 mm (NMSA C 9714 / T 4032). H – L, Jujubinus hubrechti Poppe, Tagaro &amp; Dekker, 2006, H, I, off Ponta Techobanine, southern Mozambique, 90 – 100 m, length 6.0 mm and 7.2 mm respectively (NMSA L 8392), J – L, off Gipsy Hill, KwaZulu-Natal, 110 m, length 5.3 mm and 6.0 mm respectively (NMSA E 3716). M, N, Crosseola foveolata (Barnard, 1963), M, SSE of Tsitsikamma, E. Cape, 275 – 285 m, length 2.8 mm (NMSA V 3610), N, oblique view of base, SSE of Knysna, W. Cape, 101 m, diameter 2.33 mm (NMSA V 1793). O – Q, Turbo tursicus Reeve, 1848, off Rocktail Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 65 m, length 14.3 mm (NMSA D 6362). R, S, Stomatia phymotis Helbling, 1779, coral reefs off Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 18 – 22 m, length 20.5 mm (NMSA S 1068). [Images not to scale.]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245373/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Figure 
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A–D
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)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,1436,1186,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="PRS8" authority="Barnard, 1963d: 442" authorityName="Barnard" authorityPageNumber="442" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,637,1259,1281]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Calliostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucophaos">
<emphasis box="[151,413,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Calliostoma glaucophaos</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Barnard" box="[421,637,1259,1281]" page="442" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation author="Barnard" box="[421,586,1259,1281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1963 d) Deep sea Mollusca from west of Cape Point, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 407 - 452." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="d">
Barnard, 
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d
</bibRefCitation>
: 
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</taxonomicName>
, fig. 
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c. Kensley, 
<number box="[829,883,1259,1281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1973.0">1973</number>
: 
<number box="[896,924,1259,1281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="36.0">36</number>
, fig. 
<number box="[979,1007,1259,1281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="60.0">60</number>
. 
<treatmentCitation author="Springsteen" box="[1020,1235,1259,1281]" page="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation author="Springsteen" box="[1020,1208,1259,1281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Springsteen, F. J. (1981) Trochidae of South Africa. Strandloper, 208, 3 - 8." type="journal article" year="1981">
Springsteen, 
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</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[1221,1235,1259,1281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="5.0">5</number>
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, fig. 
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. 
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loc.: 
<number box="[199,225,1289,1311]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="33.0">33</number>
° 
<number box="[234,262,1289,1311]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="52.0">52</number>
ʹS: 
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° 
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ʹE, 
<number box="[397,510,1289,1311]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1450.0" valueMax="1520.0" valueMin="1380.0">1380–1520</number>
fathoms [
<emphasis box="[623,647,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ca</emphasis>
<quantity box="[658,740,1289,1311]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="150.0">150 km</quantity>
due west of Table Bay, 
<quantity box="[1012,1162,1289,1311]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.652" metricValueMax="2.78" metricValueMin="2.524" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2652.0" valueMax="2780.0" valueMin="2524.0">2524–2780 m</quantity>
]; two 
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in 
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(A 
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).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,1436,1186,1372]" box="[151,556,1350,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,367,1350,1372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Minolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucophaos">
<emphasis box="[151,367,1350,1372]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Minolia glaucophaos</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation author="Lussi" box="[394,552,1350,1372]" page="14" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation author="Lussi" box="[394,515,1350,1372]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Lussi, M. (2014) Description of a new species of Calliostoma from eastern South Africa with notes on the genus- (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea). Malacologia Mostra Mondiale, 85, 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="2014">
Lussi, 
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: 
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.
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<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,1437,1417,2018]" box="[151,715,1417,1442]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,304,1417,1442]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
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material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,1437,1417,2018]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,273,1453,1478]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Barnard" box="[280,467,1453,1478]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1963 d) Deep sea Mollusca from west of Cape Point, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 407 - 452." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="d">
Barnard (
<number box="[386,444,1453,1478]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1963.0">1963</number>
d)
</bibRefCitation>
referred this species to 
<taxonomicName box="[737,874,1453,1478]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Calliostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[737,874,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Calliostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
largely on the basis of its 
<taxonomicName box="[1173,1243,1453,1478]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radula">radula</taxonomicName>
morphology, but he was clearly aware that it was not a typical member of that genus. The uniformly white shell with pink/green iridescence and strong spiral sculpture is much more typical of the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[974,1144,1525,1550]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[974,1144,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Falsimargarita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Species of this genus are frequently described as having a large, smooth, rounded or inflated protoconch (
<bibRefCitation author="Dell" box="[1091,1211,1561,1586]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Dell, R. K. (1990) Antarctic Mollusca, with special reference to the fauna of the Ross Sea. Royal Society of New Zealand, Bulletin, No. 27, 1 - 311." type="book chapter" year="1990">
Dell 
<number box="[1152,1211,1562,1586]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Waren" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Waren, A. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2001) Gastropoda and Monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps: new taxa new records. The Veliger, 44, 116 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">
Warén &amp; Bouchet 
<number box="[151,211,1598,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2001.0">2001</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Rios" box="[221,458,1597,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Rios, E. de C. &amp; Simone, L. R. L. (2005) A new species of Falsimargarita (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Trochidae) from the South Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 119, 169 - 173." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rios &amp; Simone 
<number box="[399,458,1597,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Simone" box="[469,622,1597,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Simone, L. R. L. (2008) A new species of Falsimargarita (Vetigastropoda, Trochidae) from southern Brazil. Strombus, 15, 15 - 18." type="journal article" year="2008">
Simone 
<number box="[561,622,1598,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Examination of the 
<typeStatus box="[860,908,1598,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName box="[1042,1217,1597,1622]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Minolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucophaos">
<emphasis box="[1042,1217,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. glaucophaos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that it too has a large bulbous protoconch [diameter 0.9 mm (Barnard cited 1.0 mm), 
<figureCitation box="[1009,1078,1633,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – C" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – C, Calliotropis bucina Vilvens, 2006, off Tongaat Bluff, KwaZulu-Natal, 235 m, diameter 5.3 mm (NMSA S 66). D – F, Calliotropis eucheloides B. A. Marshall, 1979, off Mbashe River, E. Cape, 295 – 300 m, diameter 10.1 mm (NMSA C 9006). G – J, Tibatrochus cf. incertus (Schepman, 1908); G, H, off Nthlonyane River, E. Cape, 95 m, length 6.4 mm (NMSA E 331); I, off Glenton Reef, KwaZulu-Natal, 200 – 210 m, length 6.9 mm (NMSA S 456); J, off Beira, Mozambique, 200 – 220 m, length 6.3 mm (NMSA L 2765). K, L, Seguenzia orientalis Thiele, 1925, off Mgazi River, E. Cape, 350 m, length 2.3 mm (NMSA C 9563). M, Visayaseguenzia compsa (Melvill, 1904), off Gipsy Hill, KwaZulu-Natal, 65 – 70 m, diameter 2.3 mm (NMSA E 7465). N – P, Skenea fuscomaculata (G. B. Sowerby (III), 1892), off Struisbaai, W. Cape, 32 m, diameter 3.0 mm (NMSA V 357). [Images not to scale.]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245371/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 
<number box="[1062,1078,1634,1658]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
D], which is effectively smooth under a dissecting microscope. There is no trace of the hexagonal sculpture so typical of 
<taxonomicName box="[1245,1383,1669,1694]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Calliostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1245,1383,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Calliostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and calliostomatids in general (
<bibRefCitation author="Marshall" box="[461,645,1705,1730]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Marshall, B. A. (1995 a) Calliostomatidae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands, and the northern Lord Howe Rise. In: Bouchet, P. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORTSOM. Vol. 14. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 167, pp. 381 - 458." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">
<collectingCountry box="[461,563,1705,1730]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Marshall</collectingCountry>
<number box="[572,632,1705,1730]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1995.0">1995</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
). I have no hesitation in referring this species to 
<taxonomicName box="[1216,1386,1705,1730]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1216,1386,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Falsimargarita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and note that it is extremely similar to 
<taxonomicName authority="Rios &amp; Simone, 2005" authorityName="Rios &amp; Simone" authorityYear="2005" box="[561,978,1741,1766]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stephaniae">
<emphasis box="[561,713,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">F. stephaniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rios" box="[724,978,1741,1766]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Rios, E. de C. &amp; Simone, L. R. L. (2005) A new species of Falsimargarita (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Trochidae) from the South Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 119, 169 - 173." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rios &amp; Simone, 
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<quantity box="[1054,1143,1742,1766]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
off the 
<collectingCountry box="[1241,1433,1741,1766]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
. Indeed, allowing for some individual and geographic variation in shell size and the strength of the spiral sculpture, it is quite possible that the two are conspecific. The illustrations provided by 
<bibRefCitation author="Barnard" box="[1020,1207,1813,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1963 d) Deep sea Mollusca from west of Cape Point, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 407 - 452." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="d">
Barnard (
<number box="[1126,1184,1813,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1963.0">1963</number>
d)
</bibRefCitation>
and Kensley (
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) suggest that 
<taxonomicName box="[292,463,1849,1874]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Minolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucophaos">
<emphasis box="[292,463,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">F. glaucophaos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is proportionately deeper [H:D close to 1.0] than 
<taxonomicName box="[1028,1177,1849,1874]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stephaniae">
<emphasis box="[1028,1177,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">F. stephaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the dimensions of the 
<typeStatus box="[197,295,1886,1910]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">syntypes</typeStatus>
(which match those provided by Barnard) give an H:D ratio of 0.88, which is the same as that calculated from the dimensions cited for 
<taxonomicName box="[630,782,1921,1946]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stephaniae">
<emphasis box="[630,782,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">F. stephaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Waren" box="[799,1093,1921,1946]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Waren, A. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2001) Gastropoda and Monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps: new taxa new records. The Veliger, 44, 116 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">
Warén &amp; Bouchet (
<number box="[1026,1085,1922,1946]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2001.0">2001</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that the protoconch of 
<taxonomicName box="[151,321,1957,1982]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,321,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Falsimargarita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was finely tuberculate, but did not provide a figure. They noted also that this was at variance with the honey-comb sculpture of other calliostomatids.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245373/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[186,1391,193,1763]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,1436,1782,2019]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,1782,1804]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[283,338,1782,1803]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A–D,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Barnard, 1963" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1963" box="[345,808,1782,1804]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucophaos">
<emphasis box="[345,636,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Falsimargarita glaucophaos</emphasis>
(Barnard, 1963)
</taxonomicName>
, syntype, diameter 12.5 mm (SAM A9830). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1267,1319,1782,1804]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E–G,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Spectamen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spectamen martensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[249,309,1814,1835]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, off Waterfall Bluff, E. Cape, 300 m, diameter 4.5 mm (NMSA C9714/T4032). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1272,1328,1813,1834]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H–L,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Poppe, Tagaro &amp; Dekker, 2006" authorityName="Poppe, Tagaro &amp; Dekker" authorityYear="2006" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Jujubinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hubrechti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Jujubinus hubrechti</emphasis>
Poppe, Tagaro &amp; Dekker, 2006
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[586,636,1844,1865]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H, I,</emphasis>
off Ponta Techobanine, southern Mozambique, 90–100 m, length 6.0 mm and 7.2 mm respectively (NMSA L8392), 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,597,1875,1896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">J–L,</emphasis>
off Gipsy Hill, KwaZulu-Natal, 110 m, length 5.3 mm and 6.0 mm respectively (NMSA E3716). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,393,1905,1926]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M, N,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Barnard, 1963" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1963" box="[402,780,1905,1927]" class="Gastropoda" family="Skeneidae" genus="Crosseola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="foveolata">
<emphasis box="[402,606,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Crosseola foveolata</emphasis>
(Barnard, 1963)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,823,1905,1926]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M,</emphasis>
SSE of Tsitsikamma, E. Cape, 275–285 m, length 2.8 mm (NMSA V3610), 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,355,1936,1957]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N,</emphasis>
oblique view of base, SSE of Knysna, W. Cape, 101 m, diameter 2.33 mm (NMSA V1793). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1310,1368,1936,1958]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">O–Q,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Reeve, 1848" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tursicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Turbo tursicus</emphasis>
Reeve, 1848
</taxonomicName>
, off Rocktail Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 65 m, length 14.3 mm (NMSA D6362). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1181,1236,1965,1988]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">R, S,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Helbling, 1779" authorityName="Helbling" authorityYear="1779" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Stomatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phymotis">
<emphasis box="[1246,1436,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Stomatia phymotis</emphasis>
Helbling, 1779
</taxonomicName>
, coral reefs off Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 18–22 m, length 20.5 mm (NMSA S1068). [Images not to scale.]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="40.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName box="[199,369,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Falsimargarita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[199,369,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Falsimargarita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is primarily found in 
<collectingCountry box="[614,718,151,176]" name="Antarctica" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
and sub-Antarctic waters. Its occurrence at only 
<emphasis box="[1268,1295,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ca</emphasis>
<number box="[1302,1332,152,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="34.0">34</number>
°S is thus somewhat surprising, but may be related to the northward flow of cold 
<collectingCountry box="[995,1099,188,213]" name="Antarctica" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
waters off the west coast of southern Africa. 
<bibRefCitation author="Waren" box="[346,638,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Waren, A. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2001) Gastropoda and Monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps: new taxa new records. The Veliger, 44, 116 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">
Warén &amp; Bouchet (
<number box="[572,630,224,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2001.0">2001</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
have also recorded the genus from 
<number box="[1059,1086,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="17.0">17</number>
° 
<number box="[1095,1125,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="25.0">25</number>
ʹS on the East Pacific Rise (
<quantity box="[158,246,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.578" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2578.0">2578 m</quantity>
) and from ‘deep-water dredgings’ off 
<collectingCountry box="[676,850,260,285]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<number box="[866,898,260,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="25.0">25</number>
°S).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>