150 lines
19 KiB
XML
150 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="9EE183F591DACF10D0BD9A10D657F7B5" ID-CLB-Dataset="32358" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4309.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5a96f72-1549-41e7-9cf7-f282c66d73b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="846180" ID-ZooBank="C5C20BC9-B99C-47D0-970E-07E20D13CF72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503303065342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fasbender, Andrew & Courtney, Gregory W." docDate="2017" docId="03C18797434DC727FF33FD75FAF302B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4309.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4309 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bittacomorphella Alexander. Alexander 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFF8FFEF4369C702FFA4FF89FFC10262" masterDocTitle="A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1698466984790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C2AEBF3C4A2DD9CE7DBC46C57CF8E018">
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<mods:title id="F36240DBCD9DCAF99D545BA036B67607">A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="170E61AB4377B4DF12104CCD8B6D114D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1DACAF4C2CEC39272DB67753176ACFD9">Fasbender, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F272CFFAB5A2968E98F201BFC9F8B885">Courtney, Gregory W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="56C715978A94352DDA858DEA6068FB4C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5299A30EF53F12283A7A690DF786647F">
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<mods:date id="F27BA49EF8FF3C0AF8CE0D431ADAC28F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3C4C3FB508CB3E066E1E63DB297D5164">4309</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="215B17DEDB4BB980F3252DCEA606BC09" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4309.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C18797434DC727FF33FD75FAF302B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6027736" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6027736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18797434DC727FF33FD75FAF302B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C18797434DC727FF33FD75FAF302B7" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C372650A434DC726FF33FD75FDF50174" box="[151,564,764,790]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FD75FDF50174" blockId="36.[151,564,764,790]" box="[151,564,764,790]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D09F81ED434DC726FF33FD75FDF50174" bold="true" box="[151,564,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FF33FD75FDF50174" ID-CoL="62FPQ" ID-ENA="1111052" authority="Alexander 1916" authorityName="Alexander. Alexander" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,564,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FD75FDF50174" bold="true" box="[151,564,764,790]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FD75FEA80174" bold="true" box="[151,361,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70434DC726FED4FD75FDF50174" author="Alexander" box="[368,564,764,790]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1916) New or little-known crane-flies from the United States and Canada: Tipulidae, Ptychopteridae, Diptera. Part 3. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 68 (3), 486 - 549." type="journal article" year="1916">Alexander 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372650A434DC726FF33FCCBFD2D0190" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FCCBFE660115" blockId="36.[151,1436,834,1010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF434DC726FF33FCCBFE660115" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FF33FCCBFD20013A" authority="Alexander, 1916: 545" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="545" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,737,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bittacomorphella">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FCCBFE38013A" box="[151,505,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorpha (Bittacomorphella)</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC91090434DC726FDA6FCCBFD20013A" author="Alexander" box="[514,737,834,856]" page="545" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70434DC726FDA6FCCBFD6E013A" author="Alexander" box="[514,687,834,856]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1916) New or little-known crane-flies from the United States and Canada: Tipulidae, Ptychopteridae, Diptera. Part 3. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 68 (3), 486 - 549." type="journal article" year="1916">Alexander, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 545
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(Original description) Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FBC0FCCBFA5D013A" ID-CoL="87SQJ" authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson, Alexander" authorityYear="1916" box="[1124,1436,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonesi">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FBC0FCCBFA81013A" box="[1124,1344,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorpha jonesi</emphasis>
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Johnson
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</taxonomicName>
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(Original designation)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FC09FCA101F4" blockId="36.[151,1436,834,1010]" box="[151,864,896,918]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF434DC726FF33FC09FCA101F4" box="[151,864,896,918]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FF33FC09FD5801F4" ID-CoL="62FPQ" authority="Alexander, Alexander 1919: 790" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityPageNumber="790" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,665,896,918]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FC09FE8901F4" box="[151,328,896,918]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC91090434DC726FEEAFC09FD5801F4" author="Alexander" box="[334,665,896,918]" page="790" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70434DC726FEEAFC09FDA801F4" author="Alexander" box="[334,617,896,918]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1919) The crane-flies of New York. Part I. Distribution and taxonomy of the adult flies. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station Memoirs, 25, 767 - 993." type="journal article" year="1919">Alexander, Alexander 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 790
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(elevated to genus)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FC17FBDB01D6" blockId="36.[151,1436,834,1010]" box="[151,1050,926,948]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF434DC726FF33FC17FBDB01D6" box="[151,1050,926,948]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FF33FC17FD5901D6" ID-CoL="62FPQ" authority="Alexander, Alexander 1920: 779" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityPageNumber="779" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,664,926,948]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FC17FE8901D6" box="[151,328,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC91090434DC726FEEAFC17FD5901D6" author="Alexander" box="[334,664,926,948]" page="779" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1920">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70434DC726FEEAFC17FDA801D6" author="Alexander" box="[334,617,926,948]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phenology. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station Memoirs, 38, 704 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 779
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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–780 (description of immature stages)
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FC34FD3801B1" blockId="36.[151,1436,834,1010]" box="[151,761,957,979]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF434DC726FF33FC34FD3801B1" box="[151,761,957,979]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FF33FC34FDBF01B1" ID-CoL="62FPQ" authority="Alexander, Alexander 1927: 8" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,638,957,979]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FC34FE8901B1" box="[151,328,957,979]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC91090434DC726FEEAFC34FDBF01B1" author="Alexander" box="[334,638,957,979]" page="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1927">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70434DC726FEEAFC34FDA801B1" author="Alexander" box="[334,617,957,979]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1927) Diptera: Fam. Ptychopteridae. Genera Insectorum, 188, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1927">Alexander, Alexander 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 8
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–9 (catalog)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FC55FD2D0190" blockId="36.[151,1436,834,1010]" box="[151,748,988,1010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF434DC726FF33FC55FD2D0190" box="[151,748,988,1010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FF33FC55FD4D0190" ID-CoL="62FPQ" authority="Alexander, Alexander 1965: 98" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,652,988,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FC55FE890190" box="[151,328,988,1010]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC91090434DC726FEEAFC55FD4D0190" author="Alexander" box="[334,652,988,1010]" page="98" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1965">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B70434DC726FEEAFC55FDA80190" author="Alexander" box="[334,617,988,1010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1965) Family Ptychopteridae (Liriopeidae). In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H., Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D. C., pp. 97 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1965">Alexander, Alexander 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 98
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(catalog)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C372650A434DC726FF33FB97FAC706C4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC726FF33FB97FAC706C4" blockId="36.[151,1437,1054,2018]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF33FB97FEAA0655" bold="true" box="[151,363,1054,1079]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis. Larva</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13532A04434DC726FE20FB97FE1C0655" box="[388,477,1054,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,408,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,408,1530]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larval habitus. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes Fabricius, lateral view (inset = dorsal view of head); b. Bi. occidentalis Aldrich, lateral view; Bittacomorphella fenderiana Alexander, dorsal view. Scale bars 1 mm (a, b), 2 mm (c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846190/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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c, 6e–f). Head subquadrate, deflexed, cranium flat, hypopharynx with median rectangular blade on anterior margin. Thorax and abdominal segments with tubercles having digitiform extensions, often covered in hardened substrate; anal division cylindrical, respiratory siphon fully retractile.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FABFFBEFFAA1061D" bold="true" box="[1307,1376,1126,1151]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pupa.</emphasis>
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Left respiratory organ hypertrophied.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FDACFB04FD8D06C4" bold="true" box="[520,588,1165,1190]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Adult</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13532A04434DC726FDF8FB04FD6B06C4" box="[604,682,1165,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
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c–j, 11–17). Head triangular, 1
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D02434DC726FBA4FB00FBBE06C7" box="[1024,1151,1161,1189]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="tarsomere">st tarsomere</taxonomicName>
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cylindrical.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C372650A434DC727FF63FB38FAF302B7" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD73681434DC727FF63FB38FAF302B7" blockId="36.[151,1437,1054,2018]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FF63FB38FE6A06A8" bold="true" box="[199,427,1201,1226]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description. Adult.</emphasis>
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Head triangular, closely pressed to thorax, frons broad with vertex at same level as dorsal margin of eye, medial suture weak to distinct, extending between antennal bases to dorsal margin of face. Antennal scape sub-ovoid in cross-section, provided with 5–8 setiform sensilla subdorsally along anterior margin; pedicel with subspherical, with scattered dorsally directed setae; 18–21 flagellomeres. Face trapezoidal or indistinct, often incised by clypeus, suture with clypeus indistinct. Clypeus subacute, lateral margins straight, not inflated. Maxillary palpus as subfamily. Hypopharynx variable. Labium partially hidden to largely exposed by clypeus. Labella fused or separate, teardrop shaped. Scutum glabrous, shining or pollinose, color from black to ruddy brown. Prescutellum sometimes present. Scutellum pale yellow, with dense group of setae medially, ovoid or subcircular. Mediotergite variable, dense patches of setae at anteriodorsal margin, two parallel lines of setae medially. Paratergite shape variable, crescent or razor shaped. Anepisternal cleft shape variable, sclerotization variable. Anepisternal suture complete to absent, never prominent. Metapleural suture absent or weakly developed, complete or incomplete, emerging from posterior margin curving to halter; a weak prominence with setae below halter. Pleurites ruddy brown to yellow, with variously colored pollinosity. Wing with macrotrichia variously developed, alula present or absent. Halter and prehalter as described for subfamily, posthalter weak or well developed, often with distinct membranous webbing extending to halter. Coxae light, lateral surfaces proved with long setae; fermus light proximally, darkening distally. First tarsomere cylindrical. Leg banding variable, empodium round. Abdomen dark.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA93434DC726FD85F978FDA20568" box="[545,611,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male.</emphasis>
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Epandrium platelike or bilobate; posteromedial stylus variable; epiproct prominent or absent, hypoproct ovoid or tonguelike. Epandrial claspers tapering to pointed apex. Parameres variable, heavily sclerotized, medial membrane never extending more than half length of paramere. Gonocoxite variable in length. Gonostylus pointed or rounded at tip, medial surface with rows of stout trichoid sensilla at inner apex. Basal division of hypandrium variable in shape, often with lateral trough in which the gonocoxite rests. Terminal division articulation and shape variable. Lateral lobes present or absent. Ventral surface sparsely provided with setae, dorsal surface glabrous. Superaedeagal membrane variable. Aedeagus with sperm sac as described for sub-family, lateral ejaculatory process variable. Ejactulatory apodeme apex rounded or pointed. Aedeagus with ventral apical apodemes present, dorsal apical apodemes present or absent. Subaedeagal sclerite variable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |