190 lines
20 KiB
XML
190 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="2E6D3265DE0154D68D7BD8B45AFAFCAF" ID-CLB-Dataset="3308" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5726960" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1f8f2bc-f8d6-499e-b157-1fa7332846c0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5726960" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1636032719234" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="03C1502EA859682AFA8B732DF6E8F454" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Aotidae_0414.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Aotus miconax Thomas 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="429" masterDocId="FFF82856A85D682EFFDF7164FF86FFD3" masterDocTitle="Aotidae" masterLastPageNumber="431" masterPageNumber="414" pageNumber="429" updateTime="1699467758879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CCE0C437675F42CF376FB31340CDDC06">
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<mods:title id="2EB9FF8B52255B1A9B7CA3B4AFAACCFF">Aotidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="907548E776031B25079746303C3CE97A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="691D9927081F492B4E264C891F5DCE57">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CA690EC878BDF978ED5220EDF86FADE">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EE1EC785FF60AD42E55B267AEACE3241" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9DB5247DE69065AF70C2BF47B22FBB21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="32896CF4F2868A73409E2398065256A9">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A260CFE41B9FF9B56147A407D317705D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A4721071607B6F843BAFCC2FBC44FF33">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="4C8B92FCB54A5C995EF7526B0B9CB5FF" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="9CF10E2B8664154D2FDFE6AFC5BE7637">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="4A50AA64499BC74C5C004D29130EA057">
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<mods:placeTerm id="B488608AEAEC8FA8C376EB020425B966">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="48A4BE5A0299DC5F5FF9FA3BCC04D514">
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<mods:title id="FE5AA1DD589D4E0A74FFC72CA8434A94">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C1502EA859682AFA8B732DF6E8F454" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5727000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190702086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5727000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C1502EA859682AFA8B732DF6E8F454" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1502EA859682AFA8B732DF6E8F454" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8B732DF72BFDA4" box="[1364,2221,585,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8B732DF72BFDA4" blockId="4.[1362,2316,585,713]" box="[1364,2221,585,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<heading id="D09F5654A859682AFA8B732DF72BFDA4" box="[1364,2221,585,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<figureCitation id="1353FDBDA859682AFA8B732DFAEBFDA4" box="[1364,1389,585,631]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[98,130,3401,3422]" captionTargetBox="[14,2715,14,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages 4 Brumback s Nıgm Monkey (Aorus brumbeckı) 5 Humboldt s Nıght Monkey (Aorus mvırgaruså 6 Spıx s Nıght Monkey (Aotus vocılerıns) 7 Hernández-Camacho s Nıght Monkey (Actus l°f96hemandezù B Andean Nıght Monkey (Actus mıoonvd 9 Ma s Nıght Monkey (Actus nencyrrıaee) 10 Black-needed Nıght Monkey (Actus mgnœps) Azara s Nngh! Monkey (Actus azarad" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585261/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">8</figureCitation>
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. Andean Night Monkey
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF87A732DF72BFDA4" ID-CoL="F6FP" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1927" box="[1957,2221,585,631]" class="Mammalia" family="Aotidae" genus="Aotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miconax">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AF87A732DF72BFDA4" box="[1957,2221,585,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Aotus miconax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8B73EDF68DFD15" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8B73EDF68DFD15" blockId="4.[1362,2316,585,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<heading id="D09F5654A859682AFA8B73EDF68DFD15" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8B73EDFA27FD4D" box="[1364,1441,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056B9116A859682AFA7573EDF915FD4D" box="[1450,1683,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Douroucouli des Andes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AF97773EDF885FD4D" box="[1704,1795,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056B9116A859682AF8D473EDF832FD4D" box="[1803,1972,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Anden-Nachtaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AF81573EDF7A3FD4D" box="[1994,2085,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056B9116A859682AF7F073EDF68EFD4D" box="[2095,2312,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Mico nocturno andino</vernacularName>
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8C73D5F9CCFD15" box="[1363,1610,689,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056B9116A859682AF98C73D5F8AEFD15" box="[1619,1832,689,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Andean Owl Monkey</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="056B9116A859682AF8EA73D5F7A6FD15" box="[1845,2080,689,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Peruvian Night Monkey</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="056B9116A859682AF7F173D5F68DFD15" box="[2094,2315,689,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Peruvian Owl Monkey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AF863739FF585FCC7" box="[1980,2563,763,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AF863739FF585FCC7" blockId="4.[1980,2566,763,1182]" box="[1980,2563,763,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AF863739FF7D0FCC7" box="[1980,2134,763,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF7B9739FF678FCC7" ID-CoL="F6FP" authority="Thomas, 1927" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1927" box="[2150,2558,763,788]" class="Mammalia" family="Aotidae" genus="Aotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miconax">Aotus miconax Thomas, 1927</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AF8627246F709FCB0" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AF8627246F709FCB0" blockId="4.[1980,2566,763,1182]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<materialsCitation id="3B00EB65A859682AF8627246F70DFCB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3784258302" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<collectingCountry id="F37FA1A8A859682AF8627246F879FCE8" box="[1981,2047,802,827]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, Amazonas, San Nicolas, 1372 m above sea level
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AF8637209F6A3FC59" box="[1980,2341,877,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AF8637209F6A3FC59" blockId="4.[1980,2566,763,1182]" box="[1980,2341,877,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AF86372FCF584FBD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF17B1B0A859682AF86372FCF584FBD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5726986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5726986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5726986/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" targetBox="[1367,1948,768,1176]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AF86372FCF584FBD3" blockId="4.[1980,2566,763,1182]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AF86372FCF7EDFC62" box="[1980,2155,920,945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Distribution.</emphasis>
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A Peruvian endemic, confined to a small area S of the Rio
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<collectingRegion id="49AC2FDAA859682AF65B72DFF585FC0B" box="[2436,2563,955,984]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Maranon</collectingRegion>
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and W of the Rio Huallaga to about 10° S.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AF863756AF96DFA59" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AF863756AF96DFA59" blockId="4.[1980,2566,763,1182]" lastBlockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AF863756AF73BFBF4" box="[1980,2237,1038,1063]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 39-4 cm, tail 22 cm (measurements from the type specimen). The Andean Night Monkeyis a red-necked species. Its upper sides are light gray with a brownish tint, often quite infused with red-brown. Its underside is pale orange, extending forward as far as the chin and on the inner sides of the limbs, but not extending above the ventral one-half of the side of neck or to the ankle. Outer surface of body is dominantly brownish to buffy agouti. The tail is bushy; its upper side is blackish, and the lower side reddish orange. Facial pattern is inconspicuous. An interscapular whorlis absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8B74F0F9E3F9D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8B74F0F9E3F9D3" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8B74F0FA45FA62" box="[1364,1475,1428,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary humid lower montane cloud forest at elevations of 800-2788 m. Temperature range in these habitats is 15°C-19°C, and annual rainfall is ¢.1500-3000 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8B7762F723F8B2" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8B7762F723F8B2" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8B7762F9E7F9F4" box="[1364,1633,1542,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet of the Andean Night Monkey includes fruits, young leaves and leaf buds, flowers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF96F7751F82FF99D" box="[1712,1961,1589,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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), and insects. Studies in La Esperanza in the Bongara Province, Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F37FA1A8A859682AF89D7730F802F9A6" box="[1858,1924,1620,1653]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, have recorded them eating fruits of at least twelve species, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF91F771BF833F94F" box="[1728,1973,1663,1692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus (Moraceae)</taxonomicName>
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, two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF743771BF607F94F" box="[2204,2433,1663,1692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Inga (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF648771BF989F917" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum (Solanaceae)</taxonomicName>
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, Neosprucea montana (Flacourticeae),
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF7E877C3F72BF917" box="[2103,2221,1703,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Buxaceae" genus="Styloceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Buxales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Styloceras</taxonomicName>
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laurifolium (
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF6B777C3F673F917" box="[2408,2549,1703,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Buxaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Buxales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Buxaceae</taxonomicName>
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), two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF9F277AAF8D3F938" authorityName="Loefling" authorityYear="1758" box="[1581,1877,1742,1771]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia (Urticaceae)</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF87277AAF7B4F938" box="[1965,2098,1742,1771]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Bunchosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bunchosia</taxonomicName>
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armeniaca (
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF70277AAF637F938" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[2269,2481,1742,1771]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malpighiaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The Andean Night Monkeys there evidently eat more buds and young leaves (30% of their diet) than has been found for Azara’s Night Monkey (A.
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<taxonomicName id="4C689ABBA859682AF7A6767DF749F8E9" authorityName="Humboldt" authorityYear="1812" box="[2169,2255,1817,1850]" class="Mammalia" family="Aotidae" genus="Aotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azarae">azarae</taxonomicName>
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)—not typical of other species of night monkeys that tend to be more insectivorous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8B7603F92CF863" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8B7603F92CF863" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8B7603FA5DF85B" box="[1364,1499,1895,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is a record of a birth in April, but otherwise there is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8C76D2F7A1F7F5" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8C76D2F7A1F7F5" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8C76D2F9C7F804" box="[1363,1601,1974,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Andean Night Monkey is nocturnal and arboreal. An activity budget recorded at La Esperanza, involving more than ten hours of observation, was 48-8% traveling, 37-8% feeding, and 13-4% resting.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA8A7948F6DFF6B3" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA8A7948F6DFF6B3" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
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<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA8A7948F7ABF79E" box="[1365,2093,2092,2125]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Groups of 2-6 individuals have been observed in the
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<collectingRegion id="49AC2FDAA859682AF9587937F893F7A7" box="[1671,1813,2131,2164]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
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de Colan and in the private reserves of Abra Patricia-Alto Nieva and Huiquilla in the northern part ofits distribution. Sleeping sites have been recorded at heights of 6-9 m in dense vegetation of branches, epiphytes, and lianas. Calls (recorded) of the black-banded owl (Strix huhula) elicit warning vocalizations and mobbing behavior by the Andean Night Monkey. Groups are able to live in small forest patches near and among houses and occasionally go to the ground to reach other forest patches or isolated trees in fruit, risking attack by dogs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA897802F80DF4C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA897802F80DF4C3" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA897802F93EF654" box="[1366,1720,2406,2439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red Lust. It is listed as Endangered on the Peruvian threatened species list published by decree in 2004. The Andean Night Monkey is threatened because of the widespread destruction of its forests for farmland and pasture since the early 1970s throughout its limited distribution. For many years, the Peruvian departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AC2FDAA859682AF6F57B63F643F5F7" box="[2346,2501,2567,2596]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">San Martin</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AC2FDAA859682AFA8A7B4AFA62F598" box="[1365,1508,2606,2635]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
have had the highest rates of deforestation and immigration in the country. The Andean Night Monkey is not hunted for food and can be locally quite common. Individuals are sometimes caught when their sleeping trees are cut down, and they are occasionally kept as pets. Andean Night Monkeys are known to occur in Rio Abiseo National Park, Alto Mayo Protected Forest, and possibly Tingo Maria National Park and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AC2FDAA859682AFA4A7B8BF9A5F4C3" box="[1429,1571,2799,2832]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Colan Reserved Zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C372B2B3A859682AFA887A7BF6E8F454" pageId="4" pageNumber="429" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD7E138A859682AFA887A7BF6E8F454" blockId="4.[1363,2571,1188,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91C3D2AA859682AFA887A7BFA76F4EB" box="[1367,1520,2847,2872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="429">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aquino & Encarnacién (1994a), Butchart et al. (1995), Cornejo, Aquino & Jiménez (2008), Fernandez-Duque (2007, 2011a, 2012), Ford (1994a, 1994b), Hershkovitz (1977, 1983), Heymann (2004), Marchena et al. (2011), Shanee & Shanee (2008, 2011c), Wright (1981, 1989, 1994), Young & Leon (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |