treatments-xml/data/03/B5/87/03B587F2AA5B4D1FB6F8FAB43A00F8E3.xml

<document id="4B5437138CFD72B21BF4DE9C4C85BE5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="30482" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4398.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5a58990-d727-440a-aab9-7638a5698954" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1202953" ID-ZooBank="79E3EB78-D1C3-45CF-AB13-F8E61C936252" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1521441832187" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boxshall, Geoff" docDate="2018" docId="03B587F2AA5B4D1FB6F8FAB43A00F8E3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4398.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4398 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Caligus confusus Pillai 1961" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF8CFF8AAA6D4D28B66FFFEB3934FF93" masterDocTitle="The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="172" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698532557943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="87DA502A659A1C41B84963EE37F9C89B">The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B587F2AA5B4D1FB6F8FAB43A00F8E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952160" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142340602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587F2AA5B4D1FB6F8FAB43A00F8E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587F2AA5B4D1FB6F8FAB43A00F8E3" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5B4D1EB6F8FAB439CCFA08" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6F8FAB438CEFAE9" blockId="54.[151,506,1375,1435]" box="[151,506,1375,1402]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0EB8188AA5B4D1EB6F8FAB438CEFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,506,1375,1402]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FAB438CEFAE9" authority="Pillai, 1961" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,506,1375,1402]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FAB438CEFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,506,1375,1402]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FAB4385CFAEA" bold="true" box="[151,360,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caligus confusus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB700FA8B38CEFAE9" box="[367,506,1376,1402]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref86871" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1961) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Part I. Caligidae. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute. University of Kerala (C), 8, 87 - 130." type="journal article">Pillai, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6F8FA6939CCFA08" blockId="54.[151,506,1375,1435]" box="[151,248,1410,1435]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
(
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB6F0FA6939C5FA08" box="[159,241,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5B4D1EB6F8FA2138D5F904" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6F8FA213A7CF9E0" blockId="54.[151,1437,1482,2011]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FA2138B3FA70" bold="true" box="[151,391,1482,1507]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined.</emphasis>
2♀♀ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB473FA203A9EFA70" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[540,938,1482,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB473FA203BEBFA70" box="[540,735,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caranx ignobilis</emphasis>
(Forsskål, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(TC17542) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB22EFA203DD2FA70" box="[1089,1254,1482,1507]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-24">24 June 2016</date>
, QM Reg. No. W53062; 1♀ from (TC17561) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB796FA043BA2F994" box="[505,662,1518,1543]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-24">24 June 2016</date>
, 2♀♀ from (TC17579) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB5C6FA053D71F994" box="[937,1093,1518,1543]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-25">25 June 2016</date>
, 1♀ from (TC17702) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB32BFA0439E0F9B8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-28">28 June 2016</date>
: 3♀♀ NHMUK Reg. Nos 2017.254–256. 2♀♀ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB549F9F83C2DF9B8" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1825" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1825" box="[806,1305,1554,1579]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexfasciatus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB549F9F83D3CF9B8" box="[806,1032,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caranx sexfasciatus</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1825
</taxonomicName>
(TC17655) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB6F8F9DC3805F9DC" box="[151,305,1590,1615]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-28">28 June 2016</date>
, 23♀♀, 9♂♂ (TC17668) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB438F9DC3BC6F9DC" box="[599,754,1590,1615]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-28">28 June 2016</date>
; 10♀♀, 5♂♂, QM Reg. No. W53063; 4♀♀, 1♂ (TC17690) 
<date id="FFA21024AA5B4D1EB6F8F9B0381BF9E0" box="[151,303,1626,1651]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-06-28">28 June 2016</date>
, 15♀, 4♂♂, NHMUK Reg. Nos 2017.257–266.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6A8F99538D5F904" blockId="54.[151,1437,1482,2011]" box="[199,481,1662,1687]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6A8F995386DF904" bold="true" box="[199,345,1662,1687]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Site on host.</emphasis>
Gill arches.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5B4D1FB6A8F9493829FDAE" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1FB6A8F9493C29FE3E" blockId="54.[151,1437,1482,2011]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6A8F94938E0F928" bold="true" box="[199,468,1698,1723]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Cephalothorax dorsoventrally flattened with well-developed marginal membranes along lateral zones; frontal plates with lunules; thoracic zone very small, extending posteriorly about level with posterior ends of lateral zones (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB467F9013B41F890" box="[520,629,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
). Genital complex about 1.5 to 1.6 times longer than wide; abdomen small, 1-segmented, just longer than wide; genital complex about 5 times longer than abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB34EF8E53CA4F8B4" box="[1313,1424,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
). Antenna with flattened membranous flange located posteriorly on proximal segment (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB23DF8D93D83F8D8" box="[1106,1207,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
) instead of posterior process. Post-antennal process bifid, primary tine straight with marginal flange; associated papillae multisensillate. Posterior process of maxillule trifid (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB45AF8913BAFF800" box="[565,667,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
); main (inner) tine with marginal flanges. Maxilliped of female with conspicuous ridges in myxal area (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB471F8753BB1F824" box="[542,645,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
). Sternal furca with tapering pointed tines, each with distinctive dense central core (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB744F82938A0F848" box="[299,404,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
). Distal exopodal segment of leg 1 with 3 plumose setae on posterior margin; distal spine 1 longer than other spines; spines 2 and 3 each with accessory process; seta 4 about as long as spines 2 and 3. Leg 2 with marginal setules on endopodal segments 2 and 3; outer spine on exopodal segment 1 lying obliquely across segment 2, spine on segment 2 aligned close to longitudinal axis of ramus. Leg 3 (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5A4D1FB242FF343DBBFF6B" box="[1069,1167,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
) apron with raised bifid rib plus circular array of large denticles on ventral surface and corrugated adhesion pad near outer margin on dorsal surface; exopod 3-segmented, first segment with large recurved outer spine, lacking inner seta: endopod 2- segmented, distal endopodal segment with partial suture, armed with total of 6 plumose setae. Leg 4 uniramous, 4- segmented (
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5A4D1FB74FFE8438B2FE1B" box="[288,390,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[219,1388,219,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[183,1403,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 25. Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, maxilliped; D, sternalfurca; E, leg 3; F, leg 4. Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, E, F, 100 µm on D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203003/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
); exopodal segments with I; I; III spines; first exopodal segment with conspicuous sensillar ornamentation. Mean body length of female 
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5A4D1FB4E4FE7F3BC5FE3F" box="[651,753,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="3.61">3.61 mm</quantity>
, range 
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5A4D1FB52DFE7F3ACEFE3F" box="[834,1018,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" metricValueMax="4.04" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="3.71" valueMax="4.04" valueMin="3.38">3.38 to 4.04 mm</quantity>
(based on 
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD6DAA5A4D1FB21BFE7F3C25FE3E" box="[1140,1297,404,429]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5A4D1FB6A8FE5C3829FDAE" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Male with genital complex and 1-segmented abdomen forming ovoid unit. Maxillule with simple posterior process ornamented with marginal flanges and proximal adhesion pad. Maxilliped with transverse ridge fringed with membrane on proximal segment. Mean body length of male 
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5A4D1FB5E0FDEB3AC3FD84" box="[911,1015,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.20 mm</quantity>
, range 
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5A4D1FB222FE143C39FD84" box="[1101,1293,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMax="2.29" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.2199999999999998" valueMax="2.29" valueMin="2.15">2.15 to 2.29 mm</quantity>
(based on 
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD6DAA5A4D1FB3E1FDEB3825FDAE" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5A4D1FB6A8FDAC3BCDFAEB" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5A4D1FB6A8FDAC3B97FD63" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6A8FDAC380FFDF3" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
This distinctive species is a widely distributed and common parasite of carangid hosts. It was originally established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB7D8FD873B71FD16" box="[439,581,620,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref86871" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1961) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Part I. Caligidae. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute. University of Kerala (C), 8, 87 - 130." type="journal article">Pillai (1961)</bibRefCitation>
to accommodate material from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB5D9FD863D41FD16" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[950,1141,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB5D9FD863D41FD16" box="[950,1141,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caranx ignobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB2C7FD863CAFFD16" authority="(Forsskal))" authorityName="Forsskal" box="[1192,1435,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sansun">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB2C7FD863C2CFD17" box="[1192,1304,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. sansun</emphasis>
(Forsskål))
</taxonomicName>
caught at Trivandrum, 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB7FAFD6438E6FD3B" box="[405,466,655,680]" name="India" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB7B3FD643B5CFD3B" box="[476,616,655,680]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref86871" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1961) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Part I. Caligidae. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute. University of Kerala (C), 8, 87 - 130." type="journal article">Pillai (1961)</bibRefCitation>
placed in the synonymy of his new species, material previously confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6BAFD5E3B21FD5E" authority="Heller, 1865" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[213,533,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6BAFD5E3843FD5F" box="[213,375,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. constrictus</emphasis>
Heller, 1865
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB425FD5F3BDFFD5E" box="[586,747,692,717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref88517" refString="Shiino, S. M. (1959) Ostpazifische parasitierende Copepoden. Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie, 3, 267 - 333." type="journal article">Shiino (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB542FD5F3AD1FD5E" box="[813,997,692,717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref89694" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1937 b) Some parasitic copepods from Panama Bay. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 27 (10), 423 - 431." type="journal article">Wilson (1937b)</bibRefCitation>
, and material confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB32AFD5F3896FD63" authority="Kroyer, 1863" authorityName="Kroyer" authorityYear="1863" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alalongae">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB32AFD5F3833FD63" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caligus alalongae</emphasis>
Krøyer, 1863
</taxonomicName>
by Kirtisinghe (1937).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5A4D1FB6A8FD173887FC5B" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
About 50 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7C1FD173B31FC86" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[430,517,764,789]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7C1FD173B31FC86" box="[430,517,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caligus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
retain a 3-segmented exopod on leg 4 armed with I, I, III spines. Within these, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB3EDFD1639CDFCAB" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB3EDFD1639CDFCAB" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be placed in a species-group characterized by a suite of character states including: the presence of a raised bifid cuticular rib and a circular array of denticles on the apron of leg 3, the possession of a large recurved hook (= the outer margin spine) on the first exopodal segment of leg 3, and, commonly, the presence of an accessory tine on the post-antennal process and on the posterior maxillulary process. This group is referred to here as the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6B1FC5B3855FC5B" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[222,353,944,968]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6B1FC5B3855FC5B" box="[222,353,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5A4D1FB6A8FC3E3BCDFAEB" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
In addition to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB71DFC3E38CDFC7F" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[370,505,980,1004]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB71DFC3E38CDFC7F" box="[370,505,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the core group of species sharing these character states comprises 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB373FC3E3805FB83" authority="Wilson, 1920" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1920" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aesopus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB373FC3E3CA8FC7F" box="[1308,1436,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. aesopus</emphasis>
Wilson, 1920
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB752FC133BB9FB83" authority="Heegaard, 1945" authorityName="Heegaard" authorityYear="1945" box="[317,653,1015,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicycletus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB752FC1338FBFB83" box="[317,463,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. bicycletus</emphasis>
Heegaard, 1945
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB4F5FC133A70FB83" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1963" box="[666,836,1015,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB4F5FC133A70FB83" box="[666,836,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. brevicaudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB53CFC133DB3FB83" authority="Kroyer, 1863" authorityName="Kroyer" authorityYear="1863" box="[851,1159,1015,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chorinemi">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB53CFC133AD1FB83" box="[851,997,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. chorinemi</emphasis>
Krøyer, 1863
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB2FBFC133CACFB83" authority="Pillai, 1963" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1963" box="[1172,1432,1015,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordyla">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB2FBFC133C3EFB83" box="[1172,1290,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. cordyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB37CFC1C3CACFB83" box="[1299,1432,1015,1040]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref86912" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1963) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes- family Caligidae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 5, 68 - 96." type="journal article">Pillai, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6F8FBF638FAFBA7" authority="Ho &amp; Lin, 2003" authorityName="Ho &amp; Lin" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,462,1052,1077]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="equulae">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6F8FBF63825FBA6" box="[151,273,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. equulae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB778FBF638FAFBA7" box="[279,462,1052,1077]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref84973" refString="Lin, C. - L. &amp; &amp; Ho, J. - S. (2003) Two species of rare sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 29, 313 - 332." type="journal article">Ho &amp; Lin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7B6FBF63A66FBA6" authority="Kazatchenko, 1975" authorityName="Kazatchenko" authorityYear="1975" box="[473,850,1052,1077]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurochkini">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7B6FBF63B44FBA6" box="[473,624,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. kurochkini</emphasis>
Kazatchenko, 1975
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB532FBF63D6CFBA6" authority="Brian, 1906" authorityName="Brian" authorityYear="1906" box="[861,1112,1052,1077]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichiae">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB532FBF63AFFFBA6" box="[861,971,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. lichiae</emphasis>
Brian, 1906
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB20BFBF63C43FBA7" authority="Wilson, 1924" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1924" box="[1124,1399,1052,1077]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunatus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB20BFBF63DECFBA6" box="[1124,1240,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. lunatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB2B1FBF73C43FBA7" box="[1246,1399,1052,1077]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref89460" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1924) Parasitic copepods from the White Nile and the Red Sea. In: Jagerskiold, A. L. K. E. (Ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901, 5 (3), pp. 1 - 17." type="journal article">Wilson, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB3EDFBF638F1FBCB" authority="Kirtisinghe, 1964" authorityName="Kirtisinghe" authorityYear="1964" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platurus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB3EDFBF639C0FBCB" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. platurus</emphasis>
Kirtisinghe, 1964
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7BEFBAB3BD1FBCB" authority="Lewis, 1964" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1964" box="[465,741,1087,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="randalli">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7BEFBAB3B79FBCB" box="[465,589,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. randalli</emphasis>
Lewis, 1964
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB49EFBAB3D7FFBCB" authority="Leigh-Sharpe, 1930" authorityName="Leigh-Sharpe" authorityYear="1930" box="[753,1099,1087,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB49EFBAB3A54FBCB" box="[753,864,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. regalis</emphasis>
Leigh-Sharpe, 1930
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB238FBAB3CACFBCB" authority="Yamaguti, 1939" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1939" box="[1111,1432,1087,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB238FBAB3DEEFBCB" box="[1111,1242,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB28DFBD43CACFBCB" box="[1250,1432,1087,1112]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref89826" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1939) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan. Part 5. Caligoida. III. Volume Jubilare pro Prof. Sadao Yoshida, 2, 443 - 487, pls. 14 - 33." type="journal article">Yamaguti, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6F8FB8E38B0FBEE" authority="Heller, 1865" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,388,1124,1149]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6F8FB8E39C0FBEF" box="[151,244,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. tenax</emphasis>
Heller, 1865
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7D6FB8E3A75FBEE" authority="Hameed &amp; Pillai, 1986" authorityName="Hameed &amp; Pillai" authorityYear="1986" box="[441,833,1124,1149]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zylanica">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7D6FB8E3B02FBEE" box="[441,566,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. zylanica</emphasis>
Hameed &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB4D2FB8F3A75FBEE" box="[701,833,1124,1149]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref87382" refString="Prabha, C. &amp; Pillai, N. K. (1986) Additions to the copepods parasitic on the marine fishes of India. 4. On twenty six species of caligids. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publications, Occasional Paper, 79, 1 - 139." type="journal article">Pillai, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Linked with the core 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB257FB8E3D8EFBEF" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[1080,1210,1124,1148]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB257FB8E3D8EFBEF" box="[1080,1210,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group are a number of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB696FB6C3864FB33" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[249,336,1159,1184]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB696FB6C3864FB33" box="[249,336,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caligus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species which share most but not all of the characteristics. Examples of such species include 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB3EDFB63384CFB56" authority="Kabata, 1965" authorityName="Kabata" authorityYear="1965" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB3EDFB6339E7FB57" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. fortis</emphasis>
Kabata, 1965
</taxonomicName>
, which has a slightly curved spine instead of the large recurved hook on the first exopodal segment of leg 3, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB732FB3B3BCFFB7B" authority="Steenstrup &amp; Lutken, 1861" authorityName="Steenstrup &amp; Lutken" authorityYear="1861" box="[349,763,1231,1256]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isonyx">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB732FB3B38F1FB7B" box="[349,453,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. isonyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB7A4FB3B3BCFFB7B" box="[459,763,1231,1256]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref88672" refString="Steenstrup, J. J. S. &amp; Lutken, C. F. (1861) Bidrag til Kundskab om det aabne Havs Snyltekrebs og Lernaeer samt om nogle andre nye eller hidtil kun ufuldstaendigt kjendte parasitiske Copepoder. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Naturhistorisk og Mathematisk Afdeling, 5, 341 - 432, pls. 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59539" type="journal article">Steenstrup &amp; Lütken, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB55AFB3B3D5EFB7B" authority="Kabata, 1994" authorityName="Kabata" authorityYear="1994" box="[821,1130,1231,1256]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inopinatus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB55AFB3B3AFFFB7B" box="[821,971,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. inopinatus</emphasis>
Kabata, 1994
</taxonomicName>
, both of which have simple instead of bifid tines on the post-antennal process and the posterior maxillulary process. The trifid form of the maxillulary posterior process in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB46EFAF33BB0FAA3" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[513,644,1304,1328]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB46EFAF33BB0FAA3" box="[513,644,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique within the genus, and the form of the sternal furca combined with the presence of a hyaline membrane on the proximal segment of the antenna, help to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB377FAD63CA8FAC7" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[1304,1436,1340,1364]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB377FAD63CA8FAC7" box="[1304,1436,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other core members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB44BFA8B3B93FAEB" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[548,679,1376,1400]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB44BFA8B3B93FAEB" box="[548,679,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5A4D1FB6A8FA6F3A00F8E3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5A4D1FB6A8FA6F3A1CF904" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6A8FA6F38B3FA0F" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[199,391,1412,1437]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6A8FA6F38B3FA0F" box="[199,391,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caligus confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from a wide range of carangid fishes including: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB217FA6E39EEFA53" ID-CoL="R2QB" authority="(Linnaeus, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippos">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB217FA6E3C2AFA0E" box="[1144,1310,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caranx hippos</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB68AFA433853FA53" ID-CoL="R2QF" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[229,359,1447,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB68AFA433853FA53" box="[229,359,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. ignobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7ABFA433B06FA53" ID-CoL="6Y9KH" box="[452,562,1448,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sansun">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7ABFA433B06FA53" box="[452,562,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. sansun</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB426FA433AA4FA53" ID-CoL="R2RH" authority="Cuvier, 1833" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1833" box="[585,912,1447,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melampygus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB426FA433BC2FA53" box="[585,758,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. melampygus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1833
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB5F5FA433D75FA53" ID-CoL="R2TC" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1825" box="[922,1089,1448,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexfasciatus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB5F5FA433D75FA53" box="[922,1089,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. sexfasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB220FA433C4CFA53" ID-CoL="R2MY" authority="Gunther, 1868" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1868" box="[1103,1400,1447,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caballus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB220FA433DFAFA53" box="[1103,1230,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. caballus</emphasis>
Günther, 1868
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB3EDFA4338ADFA76" ID-CoL="R2N2" authority="Gunther, 1867" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1867" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB3EDFA4339DAFA77" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. caninus</emphasis>
Günther, 1867
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7CBFA273B7BFA76" ID-CoL="8YT82" baseAuthorityName="Forsskål" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[420,591,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Alepes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="djedaba">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7CBFA273B7BFA76" box="[420,591,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Alepes djedaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB411FA263A25FA76" ID-CoL="R2QM" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1833" box="[638,785,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalla">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB411FA263A25FA76" box="[638,785,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caranx kalla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB527FA263AF7FA76" ID-CoL="8YT82" baseAuthorityName="Forsskål" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[840,963,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Alepes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="djedaba">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB527FA263AF7FA76" box="[840,963,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. djedaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB5B4FA2739ECF99B" ID-CoL="38YG2" authority="(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Elagatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipinnulata">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB5B4FA273DF4FA76" box="[987,1216,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Elagatis bipinnulata</emphasis>
(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1825)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB760FA043B50F99B" ID-CoL="4WV95" authority="(Risso, 1810)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[271,612,1519,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Seriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumerili">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB760FA0438F1F99B" box="[271,453,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Seriola dumerili</emphasis>
(Risso, 1810)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB41CFA043BCCF99B" box="[627,760,1519,1544]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref86871" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1961) Copepods parasitic on South Indian fishes. Part I. Caligidae. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute. University of Kerala (C), 8, 87 - 130." type="journal article">Pillai, 1961</bibRefCitation>
, Kirtisinghe, 1937 (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB598FA1B3DBCF99B" authorityName="Kroyer" authorityYear="1863" box="[1015,1160,1519,1544]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alalongae">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB598FA1B3DBCF99B" box="[1015,1160,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. alalongae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB2CFFA043C71F99B" box="[1184,1349,1519,1544]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref89657" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1937 a) Parasitic copepods taken during the third Hancock Expedition to the Galapagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 2 (4), 23 - 30." type="journal article">Wilson, 1937a</bibRefCitation>
, Lewis, 1968, Ho &amp; Lin, 2001, 2004; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB789F9FF3A22F9BF" box="[486,790,1556,1581]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref85452" refString="Morales-Serna, F. N., Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., Gomez, S. &amp; de Leon, G. P. P. (2014) Diversity of sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes with commercial and aquaculture importance in Chamela Bay, Pacific coast of Mexico by using morphology and DNA barcoding, with description of a new species of Caligus. Parasitology International, 63, 69 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. parint. 2013.09.005" type="journal article">
Morales-Serna 
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB4FDF9FE3BFFF9BE" box="[658,715,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). There are also records from non-carangid fishes such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6F8F9DC38BAF9C3" ID-CoL="6B72Q" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,398,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coryphaenidae" genus="Coryphaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippurus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6F8F9DC38BAF9C3" box="[151,398,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Coryphaena hippurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wilson, 1937, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB40BF9D33A36F9C3" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[612,770,1592,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constrictus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB40BF9D33A36F9C3" box="[612,770,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. constrictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB575F9DC3DF6F9C3" ID-CoL="6G5QS" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[794,1218,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauvina">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB575F9DC3D35F9C3" box="[794,1025,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Epinephelus tauvina</emphasis>
(Forsskål, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(Ho &amp; Sey, 1996), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB6A3F9B73B88F9E7" ID-CoL="4RW7Z" authority="(Steindachner, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[204,700,1628,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Rhabdosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holubi">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB6A3F9B738F4F9E6" box="[204,448,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdosargus holubi</emphasis>
(Steindachner, 1881)
</taxonomicName>
(Grobler 
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB559F9B63A40F9E6" box="[822,884,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003). In Moreton 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB202F9B63DAEF9E6" box="[1133,1178,1629,1653]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bay</collectingRegion>
it was found on two previously reported hosts, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB7AFF96B3B77F90B" ID-CoL="R2QF" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[448,579,1663,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB7AFF96B3B77F90B" box="[448,579,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. ignobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB416F96B3A15F90B" ID-CoL="R2TC" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1825" box="[633,801,1664,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexfasciatus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB416F96B3A15F90B" box="[633,801,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. sexfasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5A4D1FB6A8F94F3A00F8E3" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
The geographical distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB452F94E3BF5F92F" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1961" box="[573,705,1700,1724]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB452F94E3BF5F92F" box="[573,705,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes the Indo-Pacific from the Arabian 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB2D7F94F3DDAF92E" box="[1208,1262,1700,1725]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gulf</collectingRegion>
, Sri-Lanka and 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB6F8F92C39E7F973" box="[151,211,1735,1760]" name="India" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
, through the 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB71FF92C3885F973" box="[368,433,1735,1760]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB7D4F92C38CAF973" box="[443,510,1735,1760]" name="China" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">China</collectingCountry>
Sea to 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB433F92C3B85F973" box="[604,689,1735,1760]" name="Taiwan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and across to Eniwetok Atoll, and the Pacific coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB32FF92C3CACF973" box="[1344,1432,1735,1760]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB32FF92C3CACF973" box="[1344,1432,1735,1760]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, Columbia and 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB72CF90638A8F897" box="[323,412,1773,1796]" name="Panama" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB72CF90638A8F897" box="[323,412,1773,1796]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Panama</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
(Ho &amp; Lin, 2004; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB410F9073A8CF897" box="[639,952,1772,1797]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref85452" refString="Morales-Serna, F. N., Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., Gomez, S. &amp; de Leon, G. P. P. (2014) Diversity of sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes with commercial and aquaculture importance in Chamela Bay, Pacific coast of Mexico by using morphology and DNA barcoding, with description of a new species of Caligus. Parasitology International, 63, 69 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. parint. 2013.09.005" type="journal article">
Morales-Serna 
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB541F9063A5EF896" box="[814,874,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). In the 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB273F9073DB5F896" box="[1052,1153,1772,1797]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Southern</collectingRegion>
Hemisphere it has been reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB758F8E438F3F8BB" box="[311,455,1807,1832]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB758F8E4384CF8BB" box="[311,376,1807,1832]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
(Kensley &amp; Grindley, 1973; Grobler 
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB508F8FA3AABF8BB" box="[871,927,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003) and 
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5A4D1FB24CF8FB3DE4F8BB" box="[1059,1232,1807,1832]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5A4D1FB2B1F8E43C4CF8BB" box="[1246,1400,1807,1832]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref86683" refString="Parker, R. R., Kabata, Z., Margolis, L. &amp; Dean, M. D. (1968) A review and description of Caligus curtus Muller, 1785 (Caligidae: Copepoda), type species of its genus. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 25, 1923 - 1969. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 172" type="journal article">Kabata, 1968</bibRefCitation>
). It was first reported from Australian waters on 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5A4D1FB4F8F8DF3A49F8DE" ID-CoL="38YG2" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[663,893,1844,1869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Elagatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipinnulata">
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB4F8F8DF3A49F8DE" box="[663,893,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Elagatis bipinnulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Hutson 
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5A4D1FB26CF8DE3D09F8DE" box="[1027,1085,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2011) who recorded it off the southeastern coast. This is the first report from 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5A4D1FB4C7F8BC3A04F8E3" box="[680,816,1879,1904]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Queensland</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>