308 lines
57 KiB
XML
308 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="ABE9980C41C9B0090BAC87093EA183B0" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701877540" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219160" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629339689329" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wilbert, Norbert & Song, Weibo" docDate="2008" docId="03B587B3FF88C442FE88620AFBCBFE89" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.42.13-14.979-1012.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (13 - 14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701877540" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Pseudocohnilembus persalinus Evans and Thompson 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="989" masterDocId="FF8CFFCBFF80C44FFFD46117FFE4FFE8" masterDocTitle="A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="1012" masterPageNumber="979" pageNumber="985" updateTime="1699068367254" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1663632E25BB5B2CFB4C60139204A983" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CF8DC2142203EB8199F3C2C240D1808A">
|
||
<mods:title id="1B2E70A2039875438729845C9282734F">A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2EBCB1439AD3224CC3E5E77080560E6E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="462978D637DFD0F6CAE36317009FB213">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BE2AD3A447844381177AA4FF641FC2D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="78CA49622B1C2AC5A24BB24C73F03FE8">Wilbert, Norbert</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E04D046D27C41F4A9E82ADBA93C4B0D2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="93A806DFF23A2C16AD9673B0295DB112">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2728C62AEDEAE6BED29BEF03EF8AFC74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6AFD1C3FAF133097A9B4C3B7A818C2FE">Song, Weibo</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="58C89B8DB117A50ACB26AEF6D57A37A2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="205FF94D7B556969CD1BC602C21AC13D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CB706FE1A0238AD70A288FE92093F177">
|
||
<mods:title id="96A6B1521AC057082E06D032FD44698D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6E82401B926424FA8D2BBAD48F09212E">
|
||
<mods:date id="F50FCADCF1B4D2F677293426B1FF17DC">2008</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1516759A9348D7610703B19F7C9C5588" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="6E8BD1ACFD1222366FD74A956C884356">2008-04-30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D744A380C5BF354867948A4C1E01D1BC" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C2467BC5C874C97B1C9D9F0D5DB99574">42</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9F2797B93C7C0FB31687940DAA6300E6" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="2A62729E9FBA1C247D565E5EE87A240F">13 - 14</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="3691F09BA40D532B85F2A73C1FEEE8FF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="ADE7117E78E5BEFE2DA8685E98B59778">979</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6A71A837DBBF0DBE01F6A132907C8652">1012</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="0AE1A9F6534B97C46CFFA61710ED4595">
|
||
<mods:url id="18F44641DA623640E251CD0B234B3882">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701877540</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="ADBA1F7E0921E26652F6855BBB5A8AFD">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3F4EA9A87BCF0DD982E13A4738CBAA02" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701877540</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6AC2EB41D0516511353ABAB44BA9EB1F" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5C479AC4145934D0A820424E5D82DB21" type="Zenodo-Dep">5219160</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B587B3FF88C442FE88620AFBCBFE89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587B3FF88C442FE88620AFBCBFE89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587B3FF88C442FE88620AFBCBFE89" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="989" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306652EFF88C447FE88620AFC11FCDD" box="[348,1013,797,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FE88620AFC11FCDD" blockId="8.[348,1013,764,854]" box="[348,1013,797,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
<heading id="D0EB81C9FF88C447FE88620AFC11FCDD" box="[348,1013,797,821]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" reason="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF88C447FE88620AFC11FCDD" ID-CoL="6WF5V" authority="Evans and Thompson, 1964" authorityName="Evans and Thompson" authorityYear="1964" box="[348,1013,797,821]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pseudocohnilembidae" genus="Pseudocohnilembus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="persalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF88C447FE88620AFD4DFCDD" bold="true" box="[348,681,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Pseudocohnilembus persalinus</emphasis>
|
||
Evans and Thompson, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306652EFF88C442FD9F6229FBCBFE89" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="990" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FD9F6229FCC0FCBE" blockId="8.[348,1013,764,854]" box="[587,804,830,854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FD876229FD36FCBE" box="[595,722,830,854]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[213,280,1251,1273]" captionTargetBox="[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (A), Euplotes vannus (B, C), Metaurostylopsis marina (D, E) and Holosticha apodiademata nov. spec. (F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figures 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FD0B6229FCF9FCBE" box="[735,797,830,854]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">8J–N</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FF01626EFD35FC3A" blockId="8.[213,1170,889,978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Numerous cells were impregnated with both protargol and silver-nitrate methods. These isolates correspond perfectly to the redefinition by Song (2000) so that it is unnecessary to give a detailed redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FF01651CFEB0FBCB" blockId="8.[213,340,1035,1059]" box="[213,340,1035,1059]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF88C447FF01651CFEB0FBCB" box="[213,340,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FF016523FBBDFA47" blockId="8.[213,1169,1074,1455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
Cell size about 30–40×20–25 Mm after silver impregnation; body shape as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FF016543FEACFB84" box="[213,328,1108,1132]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[213,280,1251,1273]" captionTargetBox="[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (A), Euplotes vannus (B, C), Metaurostylopsis marina (D, E) and Holosticha apodiademata nov. spec. (F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, similar among individuals: anteriorly tapering, no distinct frontal plate. Area of buccal cavity wide, extending to about 1/2 of cell length. One large spherical macronucleus centrally located (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FD906583FD5EFB44" box="[580,698,1172,1196]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figure 8K</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowhead), micronucleus not observed. Buccal apparatus genus-typical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FD8365A2FD28FB25" box="[599,716,1205,1229]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[213,280,1251,1273]" captionTargetBox="[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (A), Euplotes vannus (B, C), Metaurostylopsis marina (D, E) and Holosticha apodiademata nov. spec. (F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nine to 10 bipolar somatic kineties arranged sparsely, which are usually dikinetids in the anterior three-quarters of the body. About 20 basal bodies (or basal-body pairs) in each kinety. Silverline system as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FEBD6401FE03FAC6" box="[361,487,1302,1326]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[213,280,1251,1273]" captionTargetBox="[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (A), Euplotes vannus (B, C), Metaurostylopsis marina (D, E) and Holosticha apodiademata nov. spec. (F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figures 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FE226401FDDCFAC6" box="[502,568,1302,1326]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">8J, N</figureCitation>
|
||
, extrusomes not observed. Line along kinety No.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF88C447FB506401FB75FAC6" box="[1156,1169,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">n</emphasis>
|
||
(first kinety to left of buccal field) continuing to caudal cilium complex, crossing through polar circle. Cytopyge (CyP) is thick argentophilic patch, located subcaudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FEBB6460FE0AFA67" box="[367,494,1399,1423]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[213,280,1251,1273]" captionTargetBox="[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[213,1171,223,1215]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (A), Euplotes vannus (B, C), Metaurostylopsis marina (D, E) and Holosticha apodiademata nov. spec. (F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figures 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FE2B6460FDCDFA67" box="[511,553,1399,1423]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">8M</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). Contractile vacuole pore (CVP) positioned invariably at end of 3rd somatic kinety (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF88C447FD7C6480FCC0FA47" box="[680,804,1431,1455]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Figures 8L</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow, in M, arrowhead).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FF0164FFFEDCF9E8" blockId="8.[213,312,1512,1536]" box="[213,312,1512,1536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF88C447FF0164FFFEDCF9E8" box="[213,312,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF88C447FF016706FECDF942" blockId="8.[213,1169,1553,1706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">
|
||
This organism differs from the congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF88C447FD636706FC06F9C1" authorityName="Evans & Thompson" authorityYear="1964" box="[695,994,1553,1577]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pseudocohnilembidae" genus="Pseudocohnilembus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hargisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF88C447FD636706FC06F9C1" box="[695,994,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="985">Pseudocohnilembus hargisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in body shape (oval versus slender), lower number of somatic kineties (9–10 versus 13–14) and the position of CV pore (consistently at the posterior end of third kinety versus posterior end between fourth and fifth kineties) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF88C447FD296765FC59F962" author="Gong J & Ma H & Song W" box="[765,957,1650,1674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" pagination="261 - 265" refId="ref13309" refString="Gong J, Ma H, Song W. 2002. On the marine ciliate, Pseudocohnilembus hargisi (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) with comparison of its related species. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 20: 261 - 265." type="journal article" year="2002">Gong et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF88C447FC1C6765FEF9F942" author="Song W & Wilbert N" pageId="8" pageNumber="985" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref14007" refString="Song W, Wilbert N. 2002 b. Reinvestigations of three '' well-known' ' marine scuticociliates: Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) nov. gen., nov. comb., Pseudocohnilembus hargisi Evans and Thompson, 1964 and Cyclidium citrullus Cohn 1865, with description of the new genus Uronemella (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida). Zoologischer Anzeiger 241: 317 - 331." type="journal article" year="2002">Song and Wilbert 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63662DFF89C446FF46644BFCFEF991" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219164/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="986" startId="9.[146,213,1372,1394]" targetBox="[146,1104,209,1333]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF89C446FF46644BFCFEF991" blockId="9.[146,1103,1372,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="986">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF89C446FF28644BFE30FA99" authority="Wilbert & Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[252,468,1372,1393]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Holostichidae" genus="Holosticha" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="9" pageNumber="986" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="antarctica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF89C446FF28644BFE30FA99" box="[252,468,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="986">Holosticha antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57CCFF89C446FE09644BFDA0FA9A" box="[477,580,1372,1394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="986" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from life (A, E) and after protargol impregnation (B–D, F–H). (A) Ventral view of a typical specimen. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, to show the general infraciliature. (D) Detailed structure of buccal area, arrow marks the distal end of adoral zone. (E) To show different body shapes when crawling on a substrate surface. (F–H) Caudal part, to show the different appearance of the cirral patterns. Note that the transverse cirri are sometimes mixed with the marginal row. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; DK, dorsal kineties; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 150 Mm (A, E); 100 Mm (B, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63662DFF8AC445FF0165F4FBBEF9B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219166/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="987" startId="10.[213,280,1251,1273]" targetBox="[213,1171,223,1215]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8AC445FF0165F4FBBEF9B0" blockId="10.[213,1169,1251,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="987">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8AC445FEEA65F3FD8DFB11" authorityName="Evans and Thompson" authorityYear="1964" box="[318,617,1252,1273]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pseudocohnilembidae" genus="Pseudocohnilembus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="987" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="persalinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8AC445FEEA65F3FD8DFB11" box="[318,617,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="987">Pseudocohnilembus persalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8AC445FD7665F3FCA6FB11" baseAuthorityName="Mueller" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[674,834,1252,1273]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="987" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vannus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8AC445FD7665F3FCA6FB11" box="[674,834,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="987">Euplotes vannus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B, C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8AC445FC4C65F3FB75FB11" baseAuthorityName="Kahl" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[920,1169,1252,1273]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Urostylidae" genus="Metaurostylopsis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="10" pageNumber="987" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8AC445FC4C65F3FB75FB11" box="[920,1169,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="987">Metaurostylopsis marina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D, E) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8AC445FE9B6416FDABFAFE" authority="Wilbert & Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[335,591,1281,1302]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Holostichidae" genus="Holosticha" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="10" pageNumber="987" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="apodiademata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8AC445FE9B6416FDABFAFE" box="[335,591,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="987">Holosticha apodiademata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57CCFF8AC445FD8C6416FD24FAFF" box="[600,704,1281,1303]" pageId="10" pageNumber="987" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(F, G) after silver-nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–G). (A) Ventral view of silverline system, arrow marks the small membranelle 3. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow in B indicates the paroral membrane. (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, doublearrowheads mark the posterior end of the ventral row, which is continued by the short midventral rows, while the arrow indicates the buccal cirrus. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrow marks the big gap between the two parts of the adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cilia (in A) or caudal cirri (in B); BC, buccal cirrus; Cs, cytostome; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; CyP, cytopyge; DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; M1, M2, membranelles 1 and 2; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirri; MVR, midventral rows; PM, paroral membrane; SKn, last somatic kinety; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 25 Mm (A); 40 Mm (B–E); 50 Mm (F, G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FE1261BFFCB4FF28" blockId="11.[454,848,168,225]" box="[454,848,168,192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FE1261BFFCB4FF28" authority="Kent, 1881" authorityName="Kent" authorityYear="1881" box="[454,848,168,192]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="coronatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FE1261BFFD2DFF28" bold="true" box="[454,713,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Pleuronema coronatum</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F847FF8BC444FD0661BFFCEAFF28" box="[722,782,168,192]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FDE561DEFD32FF09" blockId="11.[454,848,168,225]" box="[561,726,201,225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF8BC444FDEC61DEFD2AFF09" box="[568,718,201,225]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Figures 8G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF4661E8FDB8FE9F" blockId="11.[146,1103,255,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
This species was also identified from protargol-impregnated specimens (with many individuals). All morphometric data correspond perfectly to the previous descriptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FF086028FE6FFEBF" author="Dragesco J" box="[220,395,319,343]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="85 - 106" refId="ref13081" refString="Dragesco J. 1968. Les genres Pleuronema Dujardin, Schizocalyptra nov. gen. et Histiobalantium Stokes (Cilies holotriches hymostomes). Protistologica 4: 85 - 106." type="journal article" year="1968">Dragesco 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FE4E6028FD67FEBF" author="Foissner W & Berger H & Kohmann F" box="[410,643,319,343]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref13265" refString="Foissner W, Berger H, Kohmann F. 1994. Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - BandIII: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. - Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 1 / 94: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">Foissner et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FD476028FC50FEBF" author="Song W & Wilbert N" box="[659,948,319,343]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="23 - 61" refId="ref13959" refString="Song W, Wilbert N. 2002 a. Faunistic studies on marine ciliates form the Antarctic benthic area, including descriptions of one epizoic form, 6 new species and 2 new genera (Protozoa: Ciliophora). Acta Protozoologica 41: 23 - 61." type="journal article" year="2002">Song and Wilbert 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence only some extra points will be supplied here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF696097FC8EFDF0" blockId="11.[146,1103,255,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
Size rather variable, 60–90 Mm in length, yet body shape consistent as seen in silver-impregnated specimens. Thirty-four to 37 somatic kineties. Micronucleus always globular, similar in size, and centrally positioned. Oral apparatus typically as described previously (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF8BC444FE5F60F7FDC1FE10" box="[395,549,480,504]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Figures 8G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FD4760F7FC4AFE10" author="Song W & Wilbert N" box="[659,942,480,504]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="23 - 61" refId="ref13959" refString="Song W, Wilbert N. 2002 a. Faunistic studies on marine ciliates form the Antarctic benthic area, including descriptions of one epizoic form, 6 new species and 2 new genera (Protozoa: Ciliophora). Acta Protozoologica 41: 23 - 61." type="journal article" year="2002">Song and Wilbert 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Always four preoral kineties in the present sample (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF8BC444FD856317FD2CFDF0" box="[593,712,512,536]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[146,213,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetId="figure-1@27.[146,1104,165,1245]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. Urotricha antarctica nov. spec. (A–F), Pleuronema coronatum (G–I) and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (J–N) after protargol (A–I, K) and silver-nitrate (J, L–N) impregnations. (A) Apical view, to show the oral area, arrowheads mark the tiny extrusomes in the roomy cytostome, arrow indicates the moral kinety. (B, C) Anterior portion, arrows mark the dorsal brush, while double-arrowheads in C indicate the macronucleus. (D, E) Caudal area, arrows mark the caudal cilia. (F) Caudal view, arrow indicates the contractilevacuole pores. (G, I) Ventral view, to show the buccal apparatus. (H) The same specimen as in G, to show the shortened preoral kineties (arrowheads). (J) Anterior part, to show the ciliafree apical area (arrowhead). (K) Right lateral view, to show the somatic (arrowhead) and buccal (arrow) ciliature. (L) Right view, to show the contractile-vacuole pore (arrow). (M) Ventral view, to show the cytopyge (arrow) and contractile-vacuole pore (arrowhead). (N) Ventral view, to shouw the silverline structure (arrow) conecting the membranelles (arrowheads). Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219176/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Figure 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FE126359FCFFFD6F" blockId="11.[454,920,590,647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FDC66359FC7CFD8E" authority="Stein, 1859" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1859" box="[530,920,590,614]" class="Heterotrichea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FDC66359FCF4FD8E" bold="true" box="[530,784,590,614]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">HETEROTRICHIDA</emphasis>
|
||
Stein, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FD996378FD4CFD6F" authority="Wilbert & Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[589,680,623,647]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Bickella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FD996378FD4CFD6F" bold="true" box="[589,680,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Bickella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57CCFF8BC444FD656378FCFFFD6F" box="[689,795,623,647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" rank="genus">nov. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF4663A4FE46FD23" blockId="11.[146,418,691,715]" box="[146,418,691,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FF4663A4FE46FD23" box="[146,418,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Diagnosis for new genus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF4663CCFE10FCFB" blockId="11.[146,1102,731,787]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
Benthic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FF3B63CCFE6FFD1B" authorityName="Dons" authorityYear="1914" box="[239,395,731,755]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Folliculinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FE1F63CBFDA4FD1C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[459,576,732,756]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Folliculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FE1F63CBFDA4FD1C" box="[459,576,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Folliculina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-typical peristomial lobes and ciliary structure; without lorica, marine habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF466253FEFBFCB4" blockId="11.[146,287,836,860]" box="[146,287,836,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FF466253FEFBFCB4" box="[146,287,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78807FF8BC444FF466253FF2EFCB4" box="[146,202,836,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF46627AFE04FC6D" blockId="11.[146,480,877,901]" box="[146,480,877,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FF46627AFE81FC6D" authority="Wilbert & Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[146,357,877,901]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Bickella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="antarctica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FF46627AFE81FC6D" box="[146,357,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Bickella antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57CCFF8BC444FEBA627AFE04FC6D" box="[366,480,877,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF4662A1FEEEFC26" blockId="11.[146,266,950,974]" box="[146,266,950,974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FF4662A1FEEEFC26" box="[146,266,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Dedication</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF4662C8FBF2FBDF" blockId="11.[146,1103,991,1079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">We dedicate this new genus to Professor Dr. Hartmut Bick, who in the 1960s established the Ciliatology School of Bonn University, from which both present authors graduated, and who has greatly contributed to the ecology of ciliates.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF46657FFE48FB68" blockId="11.[146,428,1128,1152]" box="[146,428,1128,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FF46657FFE48FB68" box="[146,428,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Comparison and remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF466587FBD0FA0F" blockId="11.[146,1103,1168,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
This new, monotypic genus differs from all other folliculinids in the absence of the lorica and the style of free-swimming behaviour. Although the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78807FF8BC444FD2A65A7FCC9FB20" box="[766,813,1200,1224]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species (see below as well) was found in large abundance by the authors during the 2002–2004 surveys, we were not quite sure whether this organism really does not have the lorica. Subsequent examination of many samples confirmed that this organism is a true lorica-free form, and therefore should be considered an undescribed taxon. It is reasonable to believe as well that it could be closely-related to other lorica-possessing folliculinids; for instance, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FF2A6467FE77FA60" authorityName="Song & Wilbert" authorityYear="2002" box="[254,403,1392,1416]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Heterostentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FF2A6467FE77FA60" box="[254,403,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Heterostentor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the typical periphytic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FCDC6467FCBCFA60" box="[776,856,1392,1416]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Stentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FCDC6467FCBCFA60" box="[776,856,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Stentor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was also found in the Antarctic area by the present authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FDA76487FC9AFA40" author="Song W & Wilbert N" box="[627,894,1424,1448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="23 - 61" refId="ref13959" refString="Song W, Wilbert N. 2002 a. Faunistic studies on marine ciliates form the Antarctic benthic area, including descriptions of one epizoic form, 6 new species and 2 new genera (Protozoa: Ciliophora). Acta Protozoologica 41: 23 - 61." type="journal article" year="2002">Song and Wilbert 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The phenomenon of being ‘‘lorica-free’’ might represent an adaptation to the food-shortage biotope in Antarctic waters, i.e. organisms must more actively search for food in such an area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FE356709FCD4F9DE" blockId="11.[481,816,1566,1623]" box="[481,816,1566,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FE356709FD50F9DE" authority="Wilbert & Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[481,692,1566,1590]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Bickella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="antarctica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FE356709FD50F9DE" bold="true" box="[481,692,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Bickella antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57CCFF8BC444FD696709FCD4F9DE" box="[701,816,1566,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FDE56728FD39F9BF" blockId="11.[481,816,1566,1623]" box="[561,733,1599,1623]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF8BC444FDEC6728FD31F9BF" box="[568,725,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[213,280,938,960]" captionTargetBox="[213,1171,165,899]" captionTargetId="figure-128@12.[213,1171,165,901]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Bickella antarctica nov. spec. (A–E) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation. (C) Lateral view, arrow marks the macronucleus. (E) Apical view, arrow marks the paroral membrane, arrowheads indicate the end of adoral-zone of membranelles. (D) Details of membranelles and paroral membrane. (B) Somatic kineties, composed of dikinetids. Scale bars: 100 Mm (A); 50 Mm (C); 20 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219168/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Figures 4A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8BC444FF466765FBABF942" blockId="11.[146,1103,1650,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">
|
||
This species was initially described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FDBF6765FC72F962" author="Wilbert N & Song W" box="[619,918,1650,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="935 - 973" refId="ref14335" refString="Wilbert N, Song W. 2005. New contributions to the marine benthic ciliates from the Antarctic area, including description of seven new species (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Journal of Natural History 39: 935 - 973." type="journal article" year="2005">Wilbert and Song (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a unknown morphotype (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8BC444FEFA6785FE47F942" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[302,419,1682,1706]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Folliculina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8BC444FEFA6785FE47F942" box="[302,419,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Folliculina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? sp., see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8BC444FDC16785FCFAF942" author="Wilbert N & Song W" box="[533,798,1682,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="988" pagination="935 - 973" refId="ref14335" refString="Wilbert N, Song W. 2005. New contributions to the marine benthic ciliates from the Antarctic area, including description of seven new species (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Journal of Natural History 39: 935 - 973." type="journal article" year="2005">Wilbert and Song 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A20FF8BC444FCFE6785FC6EF942" box="[810,906,1682,1706]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="23.[146,212,1159,1181]" captionTargetBox="[148,1104,167,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-92@23.[146,1104,165,1123]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 6. Euplotes petzi nov. spec. from life (A, C, D) and after protargol impregnation (B, E–G) (C, D, G; after Petz, Song and Wilbert 1995). (A, D) Specimens found in 2006 population (A) and 1995 population (D), note the different lengths of most ciliary organelles. (B) Different shapes of macronucleus. (C) To show the dorsal ridges (arrows). (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a specimen from 2006 population. (G) Dorsal view of a specimen from the population studied by Petz et al. 1995. CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; Ma, macronucleus; MC, marginal cirrus; Mi, micronucleus; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 30 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219172/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="988">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). We re-collected
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63662DFF8CC443FF0162BDFD95FBDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219168/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="989" startId="12.[213,280,938,960]" targetBox="[213,1171,165,899]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF0162BDFD95FBDD" blockId="12.[213,1170,938,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8CC443FEE962BDFE1CFC57" authority="Wilbert & Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[317,504,938,959]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Bickella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="12" pageNumber="989" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="antarctica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FEE962BDFE1CFC57" box="[317,504,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">Bickella antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57CCFF8CC443FE2B62BDFD81FC28" box="[511,613,938,960]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–E) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation. (C) Lateral view, arrow marks the macronucleus. (E) Apical view, arrow marks the paroral membrane, arrowheads indicate the end of adoral-zone of membranelles. (D) Details of membranelles and paroral membrane. (B) Somatic kineties, composed of dikinetids. Scale bars: 100 Mm (A); 50 Mm (C); 20 Mm (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF016543FEE8FB64" blockId="12.[213,1169,1108,1164]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">and re-checked this organism and, based on both isolates, we establish a new species here.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF0165ABFEA6FB3C" blockId="12.[213,322,1212,1236]" box="[213,322,1212,1236]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FF0165ABFEA6FB3C" box="[213,322,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF0165F3FDFDFAB3" blockId="12.[213,1169,1250,1372]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FF0165F3FE78FB14" box="[213,412,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D26FF8CC443FF0165F3FECBFB14" authorityName="Wilbert & Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[213,303,1252,1276]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Folliculinidae" genus="Bickella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="12" pageNumber="989" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">Bickella</taxonomicName>
|
||
in vivo
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
about 250 Mm long; two prominent peristomial lobes of approximately equal size; adoral zone of membranelles containing about 850–1250 membranelles, ca. 50–110 somatic kineties in mid-body; single globular macronucleus about 30 Mm across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF016484FE83FA43" blockId="12.[213,359,1427,1451]" box="[213,359,1427,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FF016484FE83FA43" box="[213,359,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78807FF8CC443FF016484FEE9FA43" box="[213,269,1427,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF0164ACFE9BF9FB" blockId="12.[213,1169,1467,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B743CF8FF8CC443FF0164ACFE9FF9FB" location="Bellinghausen Station" longitude="-58.666668" municipality="King George Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="989" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Benthos samples from rockpools on the sea coast near
|
||
<location id="8EC3607EFF8CC443FC4564ACFB75FA3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587B3FF88C442FE88620AFBCBFE89:8EC3607EFF8CC443FC4564ACFB75FA3B" box="[913,1169,1467,1491]" longitude="-58.666668" municipality="King George Island" name="Bellinghausen Station" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">Bellinghausen Station</location>
|
||
(62
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FF2C64CCFEE6FA1B" bold="true" box="[248,258,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">°</emphasis>
|
||
139S, 58
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FE8A64CCFE8CFA1B" bold="true" box="[350,360,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">°</emphasis>
|
||
589W) and in the littoral zone of Potter Cove (62
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FC4764CCFC79FA1B" bold="true" box="[915,925,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">°</emphasis>
|
||
149S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285062FF8CC443FC0A64CCFBDCFA1B" box="[990,1080,1499,1523]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="989" precision="925" value="-58.666668">
|
||
58
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FC2C64CCFBE6FA1B" bold="true" box="[1016,1026,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">°</emphasis>
|
||
40W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
9),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACDFFF8CC443FB8C64CCFE9FF9FB" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">King George Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC443FF01675CFEB0F98B" blockId="12.[213,340,1611,1635]" box="[213,340,1611,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAB7FF8CC443FF01675CFEB0F98B" box="[213,340,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336A5FF8CC442FF016765FBCBFE89" blockId="12.[213,1169,1648,1706]" lastBlockId="13.[146,1103,168,353]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="990" pageId="12" pageNumber="989">
|
||
Body overall (including peristomial lobes) about 150–400Mm long. Body shape and size rather consistent in all populations observed, cells not very sensitive to disturbance or contractile; two ear-shaped wings wide and prominent, generally transparent except in the border area, where membranelles are arranged. Cytoplasm colourless, usually dark grey due to numerous food granules, especially under lower magnification. Macronucleus globoid, about 30 Mm across with many large nucleoli; micronuclei not detected. Two forms of locomotion observed: swimming slowly in the water without features, or using the caudal end to attach at the bottom (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B54FF8DC442FCC3605EFBC7FE89" author="Wilbert N & Song W" box="[791,1059,329,353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="990" pagination="935 - 973" refId="ref14335" refString="Wilbert N, Song W. 2005. New contributions to the marine benthic ciliates from the Antarctic area, including description of seven new species (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Journal of Natural History 39: 935 - 973." type="journal article" year="2005">Wilbert and Song, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |