203 lines
18 KiB
XML
203 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107766FF9EFF14A4229344F8CD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510914" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107766FF9EFF14A4229344F8CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107766FF9EFF14A4229344F8CD" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,825,1865,1924]" box="[151,825,1865,1891]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,825,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler, 1998" authorityName="Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,825,1865,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undata">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,825,1865,1891]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,380,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dragmaxia undata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez" box="[387,825,1865,1891]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Alvarez, B., van Soest, R. W. M. & Rutzler, K. (1998) A revision of the Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the Central- West Atlantic region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 598, 1 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.598" type="journal article" year="1998">Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,825,1865,1924]" box="[151,309,1899,1924]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<figureCitation box="[151,270,1899,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figures 32</figureCitation>
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a–c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,1076,1971,1993]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,1076,1971,1993]" box="[151,1076,1971,1993]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1076,1971,1993]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName authority="Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler, 1998: 26" authorityName="Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,753,1971,1993]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undata">
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<emphasis box="[151,342,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dragmaxia undata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Alvarez" box="[349,753,1971,1993]" page="26" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez" box="[349,715,1971,1993]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Alvarez, B., van Soest, R. W. M. & Rutzler, K. (1998) A revision of the Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the Central- West Atlantic region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 598, 1 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.598" type="journal article" year="1998">Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 26
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 15;
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<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509379" author="Rutzler" box="[842,1072,1971,1993]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23A87C6FFF5FF9EFF11FDD91EBFFAC7" page="71" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" box="[842,1034,1971,1993]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Rützler
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<emphasis box="[923,974,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 71
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" targetPageId="50">
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1078,1130]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1078,1100]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler, 1998" authorityName="Alvarez, Van Soest & Rutzler" authorityYear="1998" box="[295,862,1078,1100]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undata">
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<emphasis box="[295,487,1078,1100]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Dragmaxia undata</emphasis>
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Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998
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</taxonomicName>
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, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c1, details of raphide apices.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726402" collectingDate="1966-05-13" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="65" latitude="7.1" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="-56.1783" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1170,1195]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[402,486,1171,1194]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9821,
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<collectingCountry box="[629,739,1170,1195]" name="Suriname" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘
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<collectorName box="[760,967,1170,1195]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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’
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<collectingCountry box="[984,1071,1170,1194]" name="Guyana" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station E66,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,217,1207,1231]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="5555" value="7.1">7.1°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[224,353,1206,1231]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="5" value="-56.1783">56.1783°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[433,493,1206,1231]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="65.0">
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<elevation box="[433,493,1206,1231]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, Agassiz trawl,
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<date box="[672,824,1206,1231]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1966-05-13">
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<collectingDate box="[672,824,1206,1231]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1966-05-13">13 May 1966</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1242,1267]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description.</emphasis>
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Erect digitations (
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<figureCitation box="[570,658,1242,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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a) on a cushion-shaped basis attached to a dead shell. Height of specimen
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<quantity box="[264,322,1279,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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, dimensions of the two digitations
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<quantity box="[715,820,1278,1303]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity box="[932,1008,1278,1303]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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diameter. Surface irregular, encrusted with bryozoans, microhispid, semitransparent, whitish-yellowish in color (alcohol preserved). Consistency firm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1350,1375]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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This consists of largely confused single styles, but vague tracts of spicules are directed upwards into the digitations. Styles partially penetrate the surface.
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<collectingRegion box="[771,805,1387,1410]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">No</collectingRegion>
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visible spongin. Many open spaces. Straight, or more frequently, wavy trichodragmas are numerous between the styles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" box="[199,710,1458,1483]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1458,1483]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,403,1458,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 32</figureCitation>
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b–c) Styles, trichodragmas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Styles (
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<figureCitation box="[284,371,1494,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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b,b1), slightly to strongly curved, seldom straight, more or less equidiametrical over much of their length, sharply pointed, 690–
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<emphasis box="[536,578,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">893</emphasis>
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–
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<date box="[593,703,1530,1555]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1046-10-13">1046 x 13</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[718,767,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">19.2</emphasis>
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–26 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Trichodragmas (
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<figureCitation box="[384,476,1566,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 32</figureCitation>
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c,c1), curved and wavy, seldom straight, raphides provided at both ends with one or two hook-like spines (
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<figureCitation box="[399,485,1602,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,195,1056]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dragmaxia undata Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, 1998, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9821 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, raphides of trichodragma, c 1, details of raphide apices." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272983/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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c1), 184–
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<emphasis box="[585,627,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">220</emphasis>
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–258
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<date box="[691,724,1602,1626]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">x 4</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[740,775,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">6.4</emphasis>
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–9 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,507,1638,1663]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[518,605,1639,1663]" name="Guyana" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf,
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<collectingCountry box="[693,789,1639,1663]" name="Curaçao" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry box="[805,897,1638,1663]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
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, Colombian Caribbean,
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<collectingCountry box="[1181,1255,1638,1663]" name="Belize" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingRegion box="[1181,1255,1638,1663]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Belize</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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, in cryptic reef habitats and at greater depth on shelly slopes, at
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<quantity box="[694,800,1674,1699]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.275" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="32.75" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–65 m</quantity>
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depth (previously down to
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<quantity box="[1108,1169,1674,1699]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
|
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1436,1170,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1710,1735]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The present specimen differs in shape from the
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<typeStatus box="[857,905,1711,1735]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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material and from the
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<collectingCountry box="[1163,1234,1710,1735]" name="Belize" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingRegion box="[1163,1234,1710,1735]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Belize</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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material, as these were basically encrusting. However, the digitate shape clearly developed from an encrusting base, so it may merely represent a more developed form in a habitat with less competition. Spicule shapes and sizes conform closely to the
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<typeStatus box="[151,199,1819,1843]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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material. The
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<collectingCountry box="[387,459,1818,1843]" name="Belize" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingRegion box="[387,459,1818,1843]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Belize</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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material apparently had trichodragmas up to 600 µm, considerably longer than trichodragmas in the
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<typeStatus box="[388,436,1855,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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material and the
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<collectingCountry box="[631,718,1855,1879]" name="Guyana" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |