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<document id="ECCB65D616B6D596BA1A733DE5E392F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="2869" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab021" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9ad2cd5f-60d4-4c02-819f-fea89dda74f7" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799206" ID-ZooBank="A93B7D7A-1F8E-4E59-B86D-67814E01F797" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640158773547" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shiganova, Tamara A. &amp; Abyzova, Galina A." docDate="2022" docId="03A38E58FFAAAB375C92381524E3B282" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab021.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Beroe ovata Bruguiere 1789" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="FF9AF620FFADAB3F5F2B3B55270AB74E" masterDocTitle="Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="297" pageNumber="304" updateTime="1699472940828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2918F83898DD3BAD7316F00451D5D23B">Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="247751935583C269C6D04C90060FF852">Shiganova, Tamara A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A38E58FFAAAB375C92381524E3B282" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799215" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191711121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799215" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38E58FFAAAB375C92381524E3B282" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38E58FFAAAB375C92381524E3B282" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFAAAB385C923815222EB416" box="[953,1316,831,856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C923815222EB416" blockId="7.[953,1316,831,856]" box="[953,1316,831,856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<heading id="D0FD8822FFAAAB385C923815222EB416" box="[953,1316,831,856]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C923815222EB416" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="BRUGUIERE, 1789" authorityName="Bruguiere" authorityYear="1789" box="[953,1316,831,856]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C923815235CB419" box="[953,1110,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">BEROE OVATA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B773816222EB416" author="Bruguiere JG" box="[1116,1316,831,856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refId="ref14828" refString="Bruguiere JG. 1789. Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle des vers, Vol. 1. Paris: Pankoucke, 757." type="book" year="1789">BRUGUIÈRE, 1789</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C1038DD24BCB4D3" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,950,904,925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C1038DD24BCB4D3" box="[827,950,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Synonyms:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFAAAB385C1038F22276B3FF" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C1038F2223AB4F2" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1328,934,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C1038F22226B4F2" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[827,1324,934,956]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C1038F224B5B4F2" box="[827,959,935,956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385CED38F32385B4F2" author="Eschscholtz R" box="[966,1167,934,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refId="ref15266" refString="Eschscholtz R. 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller Medusenartigen Strahlthiere. Berlin: F. Dummler, 190." type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz, 1829</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385BB538F3222BB4F2" author="Chun C" box="[1182,1313,934,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="313" refId="ref14995" refString="Chun C. 1880. Die Ctenophoren des Golfes von Neapel. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel vol. 1. Berlin: R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, 313." type="book chapter" year="1880">Chun, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C1038932242B495" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1352,965,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C1038932337B494" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" box="[827,1085,965,987]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C10389324B5B495" box="[827,959,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385CED38932337B494" author="Bosc L-A-G" box="[966,1085,965,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refId="ref14766" refString="Bosc L-A-G. 1802. Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur descriptions et leur moeur. Paris: l'lmprimerie de Guilleminent, 300." type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B6738902232B494" author="Harbison GR &amp; Madin LP &amp; Swanberg NR" box="[1100,1336,965,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref16173" refString="Harbison GR, Madin LP, Swanberg NR. 1978. On the natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep Sea Research 25: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="1978">
Harbison
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385B96389323FFB494" box="[1213,1269,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
, 1978
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C1038B1224EB357" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C1038B12470B356" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt, 1821" authorityName="Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt" authorityYear="1821" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C1038B124CDB4B7" box="[827,967,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385CFB38B1224AB4B7" author="Chamisso A &amp; Eysenhardt CG" box="[976,1344,996,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="343 - 374" refId="ref14892" refString="Chamisso A, Eysenhardt CG. 1821. De animalibus quibusdam e classe Vermium Linneana, in Circumnavigatione terrae, auspicante Comite N. Romanzoff, duce Ottone de Kotzebue, annis 1815 - 1818, peracta, observatis. Nova Acta Physico- Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldinae-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 10: 343 - 374." type="journal article" year="1821">Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt, 1821</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385A7938B12478B356" author="Mayer AG" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref17236" refString="Mayer AG. 1912. Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 162: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1912">Mayer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see for complete synonyms until 1912).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C103F772392B378" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1176,1057,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C103F77239EB378" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="Moser, 1903" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1903" box="[827,1172,1057,1079]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C103F7724B5B379" box="[827,959,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
Moser, 1903, 1910
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C103F152369B31B" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1123,1088,1109]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C103F152355B31B" ID-CoL="5WK5M" authority="Mayer, 1900" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[827,1119,1088,1109]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="clarkii">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C103F1524C1B31B" box="[827,971,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe clarkii</emphasis>
Mayer, 1900
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C103F0A2279B33A" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1395,1118,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C103F0A2392B33A" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[827,1176,1118,1140]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C103F0A2470B33A" box="[827,890,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe</emphasis>
‘
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385CAE3F0A24C9B33A" box="[901,963,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">ovata</emphasis>
’
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385CE43F0B2392B33A" author="Eschscholtz R" box="[975,1176,1118,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refId="ref15266" refString="Eschscholtz R. 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller Medusenartigen Strahlthiere. Berlin: F. Dummler, 190." type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B8C3F0B226EB33A" author="Mills CE &amp; Pugh PR &amp; Harbison GR &amp; Haddock SHD" box="[1191,1380,1118,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="145 - 163" refId="ref17595" refString="Mills CE, Pugh PR, Harbison GR, Haddock SHD. 1996. Medusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the Alboran Sea, south western Mediterrranean. Sciencia Marina 60: 145 - 163." type="journal article" year="1996">
Mills
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385BC33F0A222AB33D" box="[1256,1312,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C103F2B224CB3DD" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1350,1149,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C103F2B2347B3DC" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="Mayer 1912" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[827,1101,1149,1171]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C103F2B24B5B3DD" box="[827,959,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385CED3F2B2347B3DC" author="Mayer AG" box="[966,1101,1149,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref17236" refString="Mayer AG. 1912. Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 162: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1912">Mayer 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B773F28223CB3DC" author="Seravin LN &amp; Shiganova TA &amp; Luppova NE" box="[1116,1334,1149,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="1193 - 1201" refId="ref18784" refString="Seravin LN, Shiganova TA, Luppova NE. 2002. Investigation history of comb jelly Beroe ovata (Ctenophora, Atentaculata, Beroida) and certain structural properties of its Black Sea representative. Russian Journal of Zoology 81: 1193 - 1201." type="journal article" year="2002">
Seravin
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385B903F2B23F9B3DC" box="[1211,1267,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385C103FC92276B3FF" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" box="[827,1404,1180,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C103FC92399B3FF" ID-CoL="5WJTR" authority="sensu Mayer 1912" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[827,1171,1180,1201]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C103FC9230FB3FF" box="[827,1029,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B203FC92399B3FF" author="Mayer AG" box="[1035,1171,1180,1201]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref17236" refString="Mayer AG. 1912. Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 162: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1912">Mayer 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B8A3FC92267B3FF" author="Bayha KM &amp; Harbison GR &amp; Mcdonald, JH &amp; Gaffney PM" box="[1185,1389,1180,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="167 - 175" refId="ref14678" refString="Bayha KM, Harbison GR, Mcdonald, JH, Gaffney PM. 2004. Preliminary investigation on the molecular systematics of the invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata. In: Dumont H, Shiganova TA, Niermann U, eds. Aquatic invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. Dordrecht: Springer, 167 - 175." type="book chapter" year="2004">
Bayha
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385BD93FC92220B3FF" box="[1266,1322,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFAAAB375C783FEE25C9B2A7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB375C783FEE25C9B2A7" blockId="7.[827,1444,904,1355]" lastBlockId="8.[145,762,786,1514]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C783FEE24D2B39E" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[851,984,1211,1232]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C783FEE24D2B39E" box="[851,984,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide, mitre-shaped flattened body, extended laterally in the voluminous stomodaeum (
<figureCitation id="133123CBFFAAAB385C6F3FAD24B5B243" box="[836,959,1272,1294]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,224,619,641]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetId="figure-644@8.[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). The lateral compression of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385A743FAD2474B262" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385A743FAD2474B262" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
body is remarkable, being more than three times flattened in the paragastral plane (
<figureCitation id="133123CBFFAAAB385A103E602298B204" box="[1339,1426,1333,1355]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,224,619,641]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetId="figure-644@8.[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). It does not have an infundibular canal. The aboral end is rounded (
<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA5AB375E6638642695B408" box="[333,415,817,839]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,224,619,641]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetId="figure-644@8.[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), while the oral end is almost straight and wider than the body width in adult individuals, which is characteristic only for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375DBF383A25F8B4CA" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[660,754,879,900]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375DBF383A25F8B4CA" box="[660,754,879,900]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">B. ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adult length is
<quantity id="4CF292ABFFA5AB375E6D38D826C7B4ED" box="[326,461,909,931]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="50.0">50–160 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA5AB375EF638D82544B4ED" box="[477,590,909,931]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,224,619,641]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetId="figure-644@8.[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
), the length to width ratio (l/w) equals 1.1–1.2 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375D3B38F925F8B48F" author="Seravin LN &amp; Shiganova TA &amp; Luppova NE" box="[528,754,940,962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="1193 - 1201" refId="ref18784" refString="Seravin LN, Shiganova TA, Luppova NE. 2002. Investigation history of comb jelly Beroe ovata (Ctenophora, Atentaculata, Beroida) and certain structural properties of its Black Sea representative. Russian Journal of Zoology 81: 1193 - 1201." type="journal article" year="2002">
Seravin
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375D5838F925A6B48F" box="[627,684,940,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375FBA389F26C3B4AE" author="Shiganova TA &amp; Malej A" box="[145,457,970,992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="61 - 71" refId="ref18891" refString="Shiganova TA, Malej A. 2009. Native and non-native ctenophores in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 31: 61 - 71." type="journal article" year="2009">Shiganova &amp; Malej, 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The meridional canals lie under eight rows of ciliary combs, which extend about three-quarters of the distance from the apical sense organ towards the mouth. Side branches (diverticulae) may be placed in connection to one another by means of an anastomosing network in the body (
<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA5AB375E213FD72688B3D6" box="[266,386,1154,1176]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,224,619,641]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetId="figure-644@8.[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
) and, in addition, establishing a circle of an oral canal system. Like all species of genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375FF43F95262AB39B" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[223,288,1216,1237]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375FF43F95262AB39B" box="[223,288,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Beroe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375E043F952684B39B" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[303,398,1216,1237]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375E043F952684B39B" box="[303,398,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">B. ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide-flaring mouth and large stomodaeum with powerful macrocilia on the walls near the mouth, three teeth with the middle tooth larger. Teeth help the ctenophore to capture whole prey or to bite part of prey (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375D1E3E6F27C0B220" author="Tamm SL &amp; Tamm S" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="79 - 89" refId="ref19509" refString="Tamm SL, Tamm S. 1993. Diversity of macrociliary size, tooth patterns, and distribution in Beroe (Ctenophora). Zoomorphology 113: 79 - 89." type="journal article" year="1993">Tamm &amp; Tamm, 1993</bibRefCitation>
). The polar plate surrounding the sense organ at the aboral pole and is not fringed with a row of branched papillae (
<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA5AB375EAC3EC326E9B2E5" box="[391,483,1430,1452]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,224,619,641]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetId="figure-644@8.[145,1425,195,580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375ED53EC2259AB2E2" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[510,656,1431,1452]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375ED53EC2259AB2E2" box="[510,656,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pink, while the largest adults are more intensely tinged brown and the plates are bioluminescent green.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF756FC6FFAAAB385F883C632661B024" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" startId="7.[163,245,1846,1868]" targetBox="[332,1275,1415,1799]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFAAAB385F883C632661B024" blockId="7.[163,1442,1846,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385F883C63261BB005" bold="true" box="[163,273,1846,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Illustrations by the premier describers of genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFAAAB385C103C62247DB002" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[827,887,1847,1868]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFAAAB385C103C62247DB002" box="[827,887,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Beroe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385C8F3C63234EB002" author="Browne P" box="[932,1092,1846,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refId="ref14791" refString="Browne P. 1756. The civil and natural history of Jamaica. London: printed for the author and sold by L. T. Osborne and J. Shipton, The author, 490." type="book" year="1756">Browne (1756)</bibRefCitation>
; B,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385B5A3C6323FAB002" author="Bosc L-A-G" box="[1137,1264,1846,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refId="ref14766" refString="Bosc L-A-G. 1802. Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur descriptions et leur moeur. Paris: l'lmprimerie de Guilleminent, 300." type="book" year="1802">Bosc (1802)</bibRefCitation>
; C,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFAAAB385A363C63266FB024" author="Chamisso A &amp; Eysenhardt CG" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" pagination="343 - 374" refId="ref14892" refString="Chamisso A, Eysenhardt CG. 1821. De animalibus quibusdam e classe Vermium Linneana, in Circumnavigatione terrae, auspicante Comite N. Romanzoff, duce Ottone de Kotzebue, annis 1815 - 1818, peracta, observatis. Nova Acta Physico- Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldinae-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 10: 343 - 374." type="journal article" year="1821">Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt (1821)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF756FC6FFA5AB375FBA393E262CB594" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799217/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" startId="8.[145,224,619,641]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,580]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA5AB375FBA393E262CB594" blockId="8.[145,1425,619,730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375FBA393E27F1B5CE" bold="true" box="[145,251,619,641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375E2D39392688B5CF" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[262,386,620,641]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375E2D39392688B5CF" box="[262,386,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Beroe ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA5AB375FBA3D47239FB21E" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA5AB375FBA3D47264BB18F" blockId="8.[145,761,1554,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375FBA3D47257BB166" box="[145,625,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">
Geographical distribution:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375ECE3D46257BB166" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[485,625,1555,1576]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">Beroe ovata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is the only species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375E3C3D672656B109" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[279,348,1586,1607]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375E3C3D672656B109" box="[279,348,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Beroe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that became an invasive, being introduced with ballast water into European waters. Consequently, besides the native regions, now its habitats include established populations in the recipient areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA5AB375F823D9F24D3B4EC" blockId="8.[145,761,1554,1883]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1426,786,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">
Native areas include: in Southern America – western coasts of the Atlantic Ocean from
<collectingCountry id="F31D7FDEFFA5AB375D5A3DBC25D6B1B1" box="[625,732,1769,1791]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Colombia</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F31D7FDEFFA5AB375FBA3C5D260FB050" box="[145,261,1800,1822]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5989FFA5AB375E3A3C5D2641B053" box="[273,331,1800,1821]" degrees="10" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" precision="55555" value="10.0">10°N</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5989FFA5AB375E403C5D26AAB050" box="[363,416,1800,1822]" degrees="42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" precision="55555" value="-42.0">42°S</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375E9D3C5D2589B050" author="Domaneschi O" box="[438,643,1800,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="431" refId="ref15052" refString="Domaneschi O. 1976. Sobre a ocorrencia de Beroe ovata Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt, 1821 (Ctenophora) no litoral sul de Sao Paulo. Ciencia e Cultura 28: 431." type="journal article" year="1976">Domaneschi, 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375DA53C5D27C0B072" author="Mianzan HW" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref17291" refString="Mianzan HW. 1986. Beroe ovata, en aguas de la Bahia Blanca, Argentina (Ctenophora). Spheniscus 2: 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1986">Mianzan, 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375FF03C73261EB075" author="Mianzan HW" box="[219,276,1830,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="561 - 573" refId="ref17318" refString="Mianzan HW. 1999. Ctenophora. In: Boltovskoy D, ed. South Atlantic zooplankton. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 561 - 573." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375E0E3C73256DB075" author="Genzano GN &amp; Zamponi MO" box="[293,615,1830,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="18 - 19" refId="ref15735" refString="Genzano GN, Zamponi MO. 1993. The seasonality and abundance of Beroe ovata Chamisso &amp; Eysenhardt, 1821 (Ctenophora; Beroida) from the Samboronbon Bay (Argentine). Plankton Newsletter 18: 18 - 19." type="journal article" year="1993">Genzano &amp; Zamponi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375D533C732626B015" author="Oliveira OM &amp; Migotto AE" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref18066" refString="Oliveira OM, Migotto AE. 2006. Pelagic ctenophores from the Sao Sebastiao Channel, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1183: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira &amp; Migotto, 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375E133C10251CB014" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Mianzan H &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" box="[312,534,1861,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="341 - 350" refId="ref18134" refString="Oliveira OMP, Mianzan H, Migotto AE, Marques AC. 2007. Identification key for the ctenophores from Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 7: 341 - 350." type="journal article" year="2007">
Oliveira
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375EB03C1326D9B014" box="[411,467,1861,1883]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; Nogueira Jr., 2012; Nogueira Jr.
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375CED384624F0B469" box="[966,1018,786,808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">et al</emphasis>
., 2015); and in Northern America – Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island; Chesapeake Bay, Maryland (only in high salinity waters); Biscayne Bay, Florida, coastal waters along the Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375C1A38D824C0B4EC" author="Kremer P" box="[817,970,909,930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="347 - 354" refId="ref16789" refString="Kremer P. 1994. Patterns of abundance for Mnemiopsis in US coastal waters: a comparative overview. ICES Journal of Marine Science 51: 347 - 354." type="journal article" year="1994">Kremer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA5AB375C6A38F9239FB21E" blockId="8.[809,1426,786,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">
As a non-native species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375B7638F923B0B48F" authorityName="sensu Mayer" authorityYear="1912" box="[1117,1210,940,961]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375B7638F923B0B48F" box="[1117,1210,940,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">B. ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Caspian Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, the Levantine Sea and in Danish waters (Great Belt), where in most cases it is able to control populations of the harmful invasive ctenophore
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA5AB375C9A3F132312B314" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[945,1048,1093,1115]" class="Tentaculata" family="Bolinopsidae" genus="Mnemiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="leidyi">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375C9A3F132312B314" box="[945,1048,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">M. leidyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375B023F102281B314" author="Konsulov AS &amp; Kamburska LT" box="[1065,1419,1093,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="195 - 198" refId="ref16680" refString="Konsulov AS, Kamburska LT. 1998. Ecological determination of the new Ctenophora Beroe ovata invasion in the Black Sea. Oceanology (Bulgaria) 2: 195 - 198." type="journal article" year="1998">Konsulov &amp; Kamburska, 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
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Shiganova
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., 2000
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375B113F312378B337" author="Shiganova TA &amp; Bulgakova YV &amp; Volovik SP &amp; Mirzoyan ZA &amp; Dudkin SI" box="[1082,1138,1124,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="187 - 197" refId="ref18961" refString="Shiganova TA, Bulgakova YV, Volovik SP, Mirzoyan ZA, Dudkin SI. 2001. The new invader Beroe ovata Mayer 1912 and its effect on the ecosystem in the northeastern Black Sea. Jellyfish blooms: ecological and societal importance. Dordrecht: Springer, 187 - 197." type="book chapter" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375BAB3F3123B2B337" author="Shiganova TA &amp; Christou ED &amp; Siokou I" box="[1152,1208,1124,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="5 - 14" refId="ref19013" refString="Shiganova TA, Christou ED, Siokou I. 2007. First recording of the non-native species Beroe ovata Mayer 1912 in the Aegean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science 8: 5 - 14." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
,
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, b;
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). Recently, it was also found in the Indian Ocean off the Kollam Coast,
<collectingRegion id="49CEF1ACFFA5AB375A153FA8229AB25D" box="[1342,1424,1277,1299]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Kerala</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F31D7FDEFFA5AB375C1A3E4E2465B27F" box="[817,879,1307,1329]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">India</collectingCountry>
) in the Arabian Sea (
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5989FFA5AB375BD83E4E2283B27F" box="[1267,1417,1307,1329]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="23.4594" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" precision="1" value="76.39099">76°23.4594’E</geoCoordinate>
) (Haripraved
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375C903E6E24F9B201" box="[955,1011,1338,1360]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">et al.</emphasis>
, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA5AB375C023E2C24E3B282" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA5AB375C023E2C24E3B282" blockId="8.[809,1425,1401,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA5AB375C023E2C2482B2C0" box="[809,904,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="305">Habitat:</emphasis>
Euryhaline and neritic coastal and estuarine warm waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375CFB3EC22376B2E3" author="Mianzan HW" box="[976,1148,1431,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref17291" refString="Mianzan HW. 1986. Beroe ovata, en aguas de la Bahia Blanca, Argentina (Ctenophora). Spheniscus 2: 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1986">Mianzan, 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375BA23ECD222FB2E3" author="Kremer P" box="[1161,1317,1432,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="347 - 354" refId="ref16789" refString="Kremer P. 1994. Patterns of abundance for Mnemiopsis in US coastal waters: a comparative overview. ICES Journal of Marine Science 51: 347 - 354." type="journal article" year="1994">Kremer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA5AB375A183EC224D0B282" author="Oliveira OM &amp; Migotto AE" pageId="8" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref18066" refString="Oliveira OM, Migotto AE. 2006. Pelagic ctenophores from the Sao Sebastiao Channel, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1183: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira &amp; Migotto 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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