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<document id="AEE473FFD66B550E51B2D339F52F3638" ID-CLB-Dataset="7424" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d63cab47-63f1-4fdc-9209-26a256c91ccb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545337" ID-ZooBank="88CF2B0D-E02B-46E1-9F52-1B95F717FC8F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613558058512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eiseman, Charles S., Lonsdale, Owen, Linden, John Van Der, Feldman, Tracy S. &amp; Palmer, Michael W." docDate="2021" docId="0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4931.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4931 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale 2021, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFACD8737022EB4C2A0EFFDC6551673E" masterDocTitle="Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698929887731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="8E36E55DA1EA4585A0E8EEB5B2826190" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F42B07E545E5966164E8E7C195FB3138">
<mods:title id="AD9B47364C649AF6E19B845A9FB8E725">Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2F9CAEEEF38927239EA0483559EB877E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DA6D40A1D28599A35802C997774341FE">
<mods:roleTerm id="7E1676A481E0EA82251A9A3D9DE46FC1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B48D5CC8C8E2E36D9C0D7B88E4679688">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="945C0621733AD00D5B959738FB9B4E92" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D61C0D837B36E49E2FF58063DD039C82">
<mods:roleTerm id="C6523C54A6375173FB47D2911B4F4D0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="446D69CF0A277A22A4905F149F3A244F">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9EF622E734180F799443FAFAB09F3F0F" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7034-3330</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="543CB160D165DB84B0152A50A8ABD850" type="email">onsdale@agr.gc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9E04A6C8CDE8E73E5B5A17808F6DC1F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="36092665D32341B5BC4C7FFB3445433F">
<mods:roleTerm id="F054C757F57B18C069E7818E05DABCBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9FB50E6225D5038EB1437DFE0BAA648C">Linden, John Van Der</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="37EC2D3AAF3B57A4D49B9CD4E851AB05" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2651-0634</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4846EB37A153211E0167CD78B9235BC5" type="email">johnbvdl@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B8C059D089D2DF413E318E04FCAC5B09" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2AEB3D46484076B63C18255A6733F3FC">
<mods:roleTerm id="7F30E050189EE2F4CB1E7186B167089C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C62A5FC32AD410BCABB3E563FAB0182E">Feldman, Tracy S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="552F597F3DFFF3AE9B2FD3064DEAFD65" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5939-6810</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC48501DBFEF5944C40CAA80347979BB" type="email">feldmants@sa.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9B27031CE27B33D62E2566E008EC1FB1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F9E3719CF18318686659FD92E7C0F1D2">
<mods:roleTerm id="598A3BDEF5AF725E58364680B1DD18CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="07C29E0E595580653F9F7D9891E366EC">Palmer, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="201E4D20D6188625AB923098DA70FBD7" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1452-2152</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ECD414AD6B11BE84C67F263CE0DE3F49" type="email">mike.palmer@okstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="87F733337CB2829F7BCE8E40AD35962B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E56B181888ABC9B99D8993C1F54CA96A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6D29554B096A9EBBE04D3DF9DE47D234">
<mods:title id="F49F4C7A3E2168135EF5655D6D02439D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="35285E198D5DE70D5A996596630BD5D9">
<mods:date id="D4F526D22186A3E716DD1EEC8338EB7B">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B6E7A6022FF5144505AFCC04DE08C568" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8D2BFE5F146429C6F0DF2B14D34CBE7B">2021-02-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="999EDFFE0BD91EDC73407BF9EBD25400" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1E429131E374482EDE39DEC08B129480">4931</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3F50FA1B60A469159BEAB08DBE068A87" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FFB40CDA81AB8A0E395C9F0919BF7D68">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="5EE9EC485B9524F8ABEC8A7CA8630AAB">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3A7C22E5D0A075F591775E64CBCA6F08">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="56D13BC3800AB431DC3546CBE8FB6DEF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="403D80A48B4F736D715E6F4A4FC6C956" type="CLB-Dataset">7424</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="94C214099B34F96CA71FD3DA0910B5AE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E0701727032FA5F6677CA273D18B3FB7" type="GBIF-Dataset">d63cab47-63f1-4fdc-9209-26a256c91ccb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1F7D5D9500EC9C5CEB838537D4F4B0D5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="382098F3220A5788377CE1927B81DA18" type="Zenodo-Dep">4545337</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="35712D07436521FE2C0582F0588D426D" type="ZooBank">88CF2B0D-E02B-46E1-9F52-1B95F717FC8F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545235" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180947810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C3264296702EEB402A99F93666D5603B" box="[151,900,1770,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702EEB402A99F93666D5603B" blockId="12.[151,900,1770,1833]" box="[151,900,1770,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0CBA671702EEB402A99F93666D5603B" bold="true" box="[151,900,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702EEB402A99F93666D5603B" bold="true" box="[151,900,1770,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702EEB402A99F93667AE603B" ID-CoL="8GV5X" authority="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,767,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbenivora" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702EEB402A99F93664A0603B" bold="true" box="[151,497,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Melanagromyza verbenivora</emphasis>
Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B7074702EEB402902F93766D5603B" box="[780,900,1771,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3264296702EEB402A99F8D364A06017" box="[151,497,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702EEB402A99F8D364A06017" blockId="12.[151,900,1770,1833]" box="[151,497,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="13070D98702EEB402A91F8D364796017" box="[159,296,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Figures 13–15: Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 13: paratype, dorsal; 14: same, head; 15: same, lateral. Figures 16–19: M. urticae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 16: holotype, dorsal; 17: same, head; 18: same, lateral; 19: puparia. Figures 20–23: M. verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 20: holotype, dorsal; 21: same, head; 22: same, lateral; 23: puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545345/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 20–23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13070D98702EEB402B3DF8D3642A6017" box="[307,379,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–72" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-27@48.[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 59–72. Mines and other feeding damage of Agromyzinae on host plants: 59: Agromyza aristata Malloch on Celtis laevigata; 60: Melanagromyza arnoglossi Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Arnoglossum sp.; 61: M. hieracii Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Hieracium scabrum; 62: M. minimoides Spencer on Rudbeckia lacinata; 63: same, section of flower head with puparia inside; 64: Ophiomyia abutilivora Spencer on Abutilon theophrasti; 65: same; 66: Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Verbena stricta, spiral gallery in stem with resulting leaf wilting; 67: same, affected seedhead; 68: Ophiomyia carolinensis Spencer on Symphyotrichum patens; 69: O. cf. frosti Spencer on Lactuca (puparium at upper right); 70: O. rugula Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Baccharis halimifolia; 71: same; 72: same, backlit, showing empty puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545357/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">66–67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13070D98702EEB402B89F8D364B86017" box="[391,489,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–121" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-17@55.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 117–121. Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., male genitalia; 117: external components, left lateral; 118: same, ventral; 119: hypandrium to epiphallus, ventral; 120: phallus, ventral; 121: same, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545375/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">117–121</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3264296702EEB412A99F88B674067C7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702EEB402A99F88B67C160A9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1878,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="3B541B40702EEB402A99F88B67C160A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844442" collectingDate="2017-07-12" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="J. van der Linden" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." location="Beard Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="CSE4648, CNC1144043" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Iowa" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702EEB402A99F88B64F9604E" bold="true" box="[151,424,1878,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF702EEB402A99F88B6457604F" box="[151,262,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D702EEB402B1DF88A641C604E" box="[275,333,1878,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF702EEB402B54F88A64F9604E" box="[346,424,1878,1904]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IOWA</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="62E26991702EEB402BB9F88B673F604F" box="[439,622,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Winneshiek Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8EE347C6702EEB402874F88B6652604F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3:8EE347C6702EEB402874F88B6652604F" box="[634,771,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." name="Beard Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Iowa">Beard Farm</location>
,
<date id="FF8237DD702EEB402901F88B66C0604F" box="[783,913,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-07-12">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE35702EEB402901F88B66C0604F" box="[783,913,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-07-12">12.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. summer 2017,
<collectorName id="26C974CB702EEB402E76F88B606E604F" box="[1144,1343,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J. van der Linden</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702EEB402F60F88B644C60AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702EEB402F60F88B644C60AA" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Verbena stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702EEB402B37F8A764F760AB" box="[313,422,1915,1941]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CSE4648</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702EEB402BBCF8A7671D60AB" box="[434,588,1915,1941]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CNC1144043</specimenCode>
(1♁).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702EEB412AC9F843674067C7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1878,2015]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="3B541B40702EEB402AC9F84361136087" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844409" box="[199,1090,1950,1977]" collectingDate="2017-07-12" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="J. van der Linden" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." location="Beard Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="CSE4649, CNC1135656" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Iowa" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702EEB402AC9F84364F06086" bold="true" box="[199,417,1950,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="5487AFBF702EEB402AC9F84364106087" box="[199,321,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F8DFFF702EEB402B5DF84264F06086" box="[339,417,1950,1976]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IOWA</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: same data as holotype, #
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702EEB4028EDF84366006087" box="[739,849,1951,1977]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CSE4649</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702EEB40296CF84266AC6087" box="[866,1021,1950,1977]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CNC1135656</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3ADA94702EEB402E18F84361646087" box="[1046,1077,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B541B40702EEB402E5BF843664960E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844411" collectingDate="2017-07-14" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="J. van der Linden" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." location="Beard Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="CSE4653, CNC1144047" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="IOWA" typeStatus="paratype">
same data as holotype, em.
<date id="FF8237DD702EEB402A99F81F644860E3" box="[151,281,1987,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-07-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE35702EEB402A99F81F644860E3" box="[151,281,1987,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-07-14">14.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, #
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702EEB402B3BF81E64F260E3" box="[309,419,1986,2013]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CSE4653</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702EEB402BBEF81F671A60E3" box="[432,587,1987,2013]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CNC1144047</specimenCode>
(1♁ [illustrated])
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B541B40702EEB41292AF81F6682678F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844380" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="J. van der Linden" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" location="Beard Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="CSE4657, CNC1144042" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="IOWA" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty id="62E26991702EEB40292AF81F668D60E3" box="[804,988,1987,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Winneshiek Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8EE347C6702EEB4029E7F81F612260E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3:8EE347C6702EEB4029E7F81F612260E3" box="[1001,1139,1987,2013]" country="United States of America" county="Winneshiek Co." name="Beard Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="IOWA">Beard Farm</location>
, vi–vii.2017, em. summer 2017,
<collectorName id="26C974CB702FEB412AD5FF4B64CB678F" box="[219,410,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J. van der Linden</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412BCCFF4B673A678E" box="[450,619,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412BCCFF4B673A678E" box="[450,619,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Verbena stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702FEB41288BFF4A67A3678F" box="[645,754,150,177]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CSE4657</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702FEB4128F2FF4B66C7678F" box="[764,918,151,177]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CNC1144042</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3ADA94702FEB4129A9FF4B6697678F" box="[935,966,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B541B40702FEB4129D3FF4B675D67C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069844453" collectingDate="2017-07-12" collectingDateMax="2017-08" collectingDateMin="2017-07-12" collectionCode="CSE, CNC" collectorName="J. van der Linden" country="United States of America" latitude="43.3014" location="Trout Run Trail" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-91.801834" municipality="Decorah" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="CSE4942, CNC1643670-1643672" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="IOWA" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE78B67702FEB4129D3FF4B616E678F" box="[989,1087,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Decorah</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE347C6702FEB412E46FF4B61A4678F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395A00B702EEB422A99F93666CF67D3:8EE347C6702FEB412E46FF4B61A4678F" box="[1096,1269,151,177]" country="United States of America" latitude="43.3014" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-91.801834" municipality="Decorah" name="Trout Run Trail" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="IOWA">Trout Run Trail</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0877DA702FEB412EF0FF4A60CC678F" box="[1278,1437,150,177]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="5.04" value="43.3014">43°18’5.04”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0877DA702FEB412A99FF67646D67EB" box="[151,316,187,213]" degrees="91" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="6.60" value="-91.801834">91°48’6.60”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8237DD702FEB412B44FF6764A667EB" box="[330,503,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-07-12" valueMax="2017-07-22" valueMin="2017-07-12">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE35702FEB412B44FF6764A667EB" box="[330,503,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-07-12" valueMax="2017-07-22" valueMin="2017-07-12">12–22.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. late vii—early
<date id="FF8237DD702FEB4128E8FF67661C67EB" box="[742,845,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-08">
<collectingDate id="EFC6CE35702FEB4128E8FF67661C67EB" box="[742,845,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017-08">viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26C974CB702FEB412952FF67617B67EB" box="[860,1066,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J. van der Linden</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412E53FF67605A67EA" box="[1117,1291,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412E53FF67605A67EA" box="[1117,1291,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Verbena stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702FEB412F24FF6760C967EB" box="[1322,1432,187,213]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CSE4942</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB9AB966702FEB412A99FF0364F267C7" box="[151,419,223,249]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CNC1643670–1643672</specimenCode>
(1♁
<specimenCount id="9D3ADA94702FEB412BD3FF03675067C7" box="[477,513,223,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3264296702FEB412AC9FEDF61556623" box="[199,1028,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FEDF61556623" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1028,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FEDF641F6623" bold="true" box="[199,334,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the host plant genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412987FEDF61556623" authority="L." box="[905,1028,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412987FEDF66B46623" box="[905,997,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Verbena</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3264296702FEB412AC9FEFB677E6503" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FEFB67C4667F" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,661,295,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FEFB6457667F" bold="true" box="[199,262,295,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412B03FEFB64CE667F" box="[269,415,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412BA7FEFB67C4667F" authority="Vent." box="[425,661,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412BA7FEFB6705667E" box="[425,596,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Verbena stricta</emphasis>
Vent.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FE9766E566EF" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FE97642C665A" bold="true" box="[199,381,330,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Larval biology.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13070D98702FEB412B83FE9767446658" box="[397,533,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–72" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-27@48.[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 59–72. Mines and other feeding damage of Agromyzinae on host plants: 59: Agromyza aristata Malloch on Celtis laevigata; 60: Melanagromyza arnoglossi Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Arnoglossum sp.; 61: M. hieracii Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Hieracium scabrum; 62: M. minimoides Spencer on Rudbeckia lacinata; 63: same, section of flower head with puparia inside; 64: Ophiomyia abutilivora Spencer on Abutilon theophrasti; 65: same; 66: Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Verbena stricta, spiral gallery in stem with resulting leaf wilting; 67: same, affected seedhead; 68: Ophiomyia carolinensis Spencer on Symphyotrichum patens; 69: O. cf. frosti Spencer on Lactuca (puparium at upper right); 70: O. rugula Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Baccharis halimifolia; 71: same; 72: same, backlit, showing empty puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545357/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 66–67</figureCitation>
) Some larvae bore in the stem, forming a spiral gallery that is partly visible externally. This causes some stunting of the growing shoot and wilting of the terminal portion (
<figureCitation id="13070D98702FEB412EA1FEB3605566B4" box="[1199,1284,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–72" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-27@48.[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 59–72. Mines and other feeding damage of Agromyzinae on host plants: 59: Agromyza aristata Malloch on Celtis laevigata; 60: Melanagromyza arnoglossi Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Arnoglossum sp.; 61: M. hieracii Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Hieracium scabrum; 62: M. minimoides Spencer on Rudbeckia lacinata; 63: same, section of flower head with puparia inside; 64: Ophiomyia abutilivora Spencer on Abutilon theophrasti; 65: same; 66: Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Verbena stricta, spiral gallery in stem with resulting leaf wilting; 67: same, affected seedhead; 68: Ophiomyia carolinensis Spencer on Symphyotrichum patens; 69: O. cf. frosti Spencer on Lactuca (puparium at upper right); 70: O. rugula Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Baccharis halimifolia; 71: same; 72: same, backlit, showing empty puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545357/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
). Others bore in the rachis of more developed shoots, resulting in a somewhat thickened seedhead with a shriveled, blackened tip (
<figureCitation id="13070D98702FEB412AAEFE6B65A566EC" box="[160,244,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–72" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-27@48.[171,1416,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 59–72. Mines and other feeding damage of Agromyzinae on host plants: 59: Agromyza aristata Malloch on Celtis laevigata; 60: Melanagromyza arnoglossi Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Arnoglossum sp.; 61: M. hieracii Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Hieracium scabrum; 62: M. minimoides Spencer on Rudbeckia lacinata; 63: same, section of flower head with puparia inside; 64: Ophiomyia abutilivora Spencer on Abutilon theophrasti; 65: same; 66: Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Verbena stricta, spiral gallery in stem with resulting leaf wilting; 67: same, affected seedhead; 68: Ophiomyia carolinensis Spencer on Symphyotrichum patens; 69: O. cf. frosti Spencer on Lactuca (puparium at upper right); 70: O. rugula Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov. on Baccharis halimifolia; 71: same; 72: same, backlit, showing empty puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545357/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
). The interior of the stem or rachis is filled with granular frass.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FE0666EF66CB" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,958,474,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FE06641966CA" bold="true" box="[199,328,474,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Puparium.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13070D98702FEB412B59FE0764F966CB" box="[343,424,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Figures 13–15: Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 13: paratype, dorsal; 14: same, head; 15: same, lateral. Figures 16–19: M. urticae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 16: holotype, dorsal; 17: same, head; 18: same, lateral; 19: puparia. Figures 20–23: M. verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 20: holotype, dorsal; 21: same, head; 22: same, lateral; 23: puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545345/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) Whitish; formed within the larval feeding site.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FE23677E6503" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FE2364A86526" bold="true" box="[199,505,510,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phenology and voltinism.</emphasis>
Larvae feed in early summer, with adults emerging beginning in mid-July. Later generations have not been observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3264296702FEB412AC9FD9A642662DB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FD9A6482655F" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,467,582,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FD9A6430655E" bold="true" box="[199,353,582,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D702FEB412B69FD9B64F2655F" box="[359,419,583,609]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
: IA.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FDB664216407" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FDB664F065BA" bold="true" box="[199,417,618,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Adult description.</emphasis>
Wing length
<quantity id="4CC4BCF8702FEB412832FDB7679565BB" box="[572,708,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.6 mm</quantity>
(♁),
<quantity id="4CC4BCF8702FEB41290DFDB766DA65BB" box="[771,907,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.7">2.7–2.9 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3ADA94702FEB412990FDB766E065BB" box="[926,945,619,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Length of ultimate section of vein M
<subScript id="17B81358702FEB412F63FDA1602465B5" attach="left" box="[1389,1397,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</subScript>
divided by penultimate section: 0.7. Eye height divided by gena height: 4.8–5.3. First flagellomere small, rounded. Lunule extending to level of middle ori. Ocellar triangle slightly shinier than vitta, extending to level of middle or posterior ori. Facial carina shallow, sharp. Gena shallowly upcurved anteriorly. Cheek narrow, only evident on anterior half. Clypeus rounded. Head (seen laterally) longest at midpoint. Eye tapering to a point posterodorsally. Thorax subshining.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FC9F674E632F" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FC9F64166463" box="[199,327,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: Three ori, two ors; spacing subequal with anterior ori sometimes slightly distant; setae becoming slightly more slender and short anteriorly. Ocellar and postvertical setae subequal to posterior ori. Eye sparsely short setose on dorsal half; female with hairs slightly denser dorsally, male with longer, denser patch of hairs dorsomedially. Orbital setulae in several scattered rows; erect to slightly reclinate. Two strong dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setulae in ten irregular rows. Katepisternum with two additional smaller, closely spaced setae dorsomedially. Mid tibia with two posteromedial setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FBC765B86343" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FBC76413630B" box="[199,322,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Coloration</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13070D98702FEB412B55FBC764B2630B" box="[347,483,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[151,1436,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Figures 13–15: Melanagromyza rudbeckiae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 13: paratype, dorsal; 14: same, head; 15: same, lateral. Figures 16–19: M. urticae Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 16: holotype, dorsal; 17: same, head; 18: same, lateral; 19: puparia. Figures 20–23: M. verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov.; 20: holotype, dorsal; 21: same, head; 22: same, lateral; 23: puparium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545345/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 20–22</figureCitation>
) Setae dark brown. Body dark brown, including halter; thorax and abdomen metallic green with blue tint that is stronger on abdomen; blue color dominant in one female. Calypter margin and hairs yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FB5B642662DB" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FB5B6460639F" box="[199,305,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13070D98702FEB412B46FB5B64B9639F" box="[328,488,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–121" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-17@55.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 117–121. Melanagromyza verbenivora Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale, spec. nov., male genitalia; 117: external components, left lateral; 118: same, ventral; 119: hypandrium to epiphallus, ventral; 120: phallus, ventral; 121: same, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545375/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 117–121</figureCitation>
) Epandrium with small posteroventral spine. Surstylus fused to anteroventral margin of epandrium, very short and wide with 1–3 irregular rows of tubercle-like setae along inner surface. Cercus large, well-developed. Hypandrium subtriangular with apex slightly narrowed; inner lobe U-shaped and irregular with several sockets. Phallophorus (damaged in dissected male) tapering basally, venter bulging. Basiphallus U-shaped, nearly reaching mesophallus. Mesophallus cylindrical, slightly curved, narrowed to ventromedial point of fusion on distiphallus; base of mesophallus and distiphallus level. Distiphallus pear-shaped in ventral view, with narrow ventromedial plate swollen immediately past mesophallus; ventrolateral tubules narrow, largely hidden behind mesophallus along midline; dorsal chamber widest dorsally, broadly opened apically, with one pair of thick spinulose dorsal pads on inner surface; tubular inner process relatively wide, not far exceeding ventral plate. Ejaculatory apodeme not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3264296702FEB422AC9FA3266CF67D3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB412AC9FA3264216017" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AC9FA32641E6136" bold="true" box="[199,335,1518,1544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comments.</emphasis>
The only previous record of a North American
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412961FA3361756137" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1920" box="[879,1060,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412961FA3361756137" box="[879,1060,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Melanagromyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412E65FA3361966137" box="[1131,1223,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412E65FA3361966137" box="[1131,1223,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Verbena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was that of an unemerged male of an apparently undescribed species that was said to be entirely black, extracted from a stem of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412F86F9CF644D616F" authority="Vahl" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabra">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412F86F9CF65B2616F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">V. scabra</emphasis>
Vahl
</taxonomicName>
in Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC702FEB412B90F9EB6781616F" author="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Stegmaier, C. E. Jr." box="[414,720,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref42694" refString="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Stegmaier, C. E. Jr. (1973) Agromyzidae of Florida with a supplement on species from the Caribbean. Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, 7, 1 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 0683 - 4 _ 1" type="journal article" year="1973">Spencer &amp; Stegmaier 1973</bibRefCitation>
). It was noted that “The posterior spiracles of the puparium each bear ten bulbs, without a central horn; the two processes are separated by twice their own diameter.” Unfortunately no puparia of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412B30F9A364BF61A7" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[318,494,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbenivora">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412B30F9A364BF61A7" box="[318,494,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. verbenivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been preserved for comparison.
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB4129A3F9A3606961A7" authority="Spencer" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1982" box="[941,1336,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbenae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB4129A3F9A3618561A7" box="[941,1236,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Melanagromyza verbenae</emphasis>
Spencer
</taxonomicName>
was described from adults caught on
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412BE6F97F67F96183" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[488,680,1699,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412BE6F97F670D6183" box="[488,604,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">V. litoralis</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F32B518D702FEB4128C4F97F66586183" box="[714,777,1699,1725]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chile</collectingCountry>
, and due to the general similarity of the male genitalia with those of the Florida specimen,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC702FEB412BE1F91B67CA61DF" author="Spencer, K. A." box="[495,667,1735,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref42613" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1982) Agromyzidae (Diptera) in Chile. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 357, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1982">Spencer (1982)</bibRefCitation>
considered it certain that this plant was the larval host and presumed that the Chilean species is likewise an internal stem borer.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC702FEB412928F9376683603B" author="Spencer, K. A." box="[806,978,1771,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 444" refId="ref42646" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1990) Host specialization in the world Agromyzidae (Diptera). Series entomologica, 45, i-xii + 1 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 1874 - 0" type="journal article" year="1990">Spencer (1990)</bibRefCitation>
referred to the two species as “related or possibly identical”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83111D702FEB422AC9F8EF66CF67D3" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,138,237]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Using
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD6CEC702FEB412B1FF8EF67116070" author="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C." box="[273,576,1843,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref42797" refString="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C. (1986) Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. USDA Agricultural Research Service Agriculture Handbook, 638, 1 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119606" type="journal article" year="1986">Spencer &amp; Steyskal (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412929F8EF61386073" authorityName="Eiseman &amp; Lonsdale" authorityYear="2021" box="[807,1129,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbenivora">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412929F8EF61386073" box="[807,1129,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Melanagromyza verbenivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
key to
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412EB5F8EF601B6073" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1986" box="[1211,1354,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longensis">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412EB5F8EF601B6073" box="[1211,1354,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. longensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also has three ori and a similar phallus, but in that species, the arista appears bare (not minutely pubescent), there are about eight rows of acrostichal setulae, the basiphallus nearly forms a complete ring, and the dorsal chamber of the distiphallus is more rounded dorsally (not flat) and constricted apically (not broadly open). Other specimens will key to
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702FEB412AEFF81F642F60E3" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1986" box="[225,382,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verbesinae">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702FEB412AEFF81F642F60E3" box="[225,382,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. verbesinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in this species there are two ori, the ocellar triangle does not reach the posterior ori, and the distiphallus is widest apically. The gena is slightly angled forward as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702CEB4229B3FF5761F3679A" authority="Spencer" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1969" box="[957,1186,138,164]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccalis">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702CEB4229B3FF57616E679A" box="[957,1087,138,164]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. buccalis</emphasis>
Spencer
</taxonomicName>
, but not as prominent;
<taxonomicName id="4C3C6A9E702CEB422A99FF73644867F6" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,281,174,200]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Melanagromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccalis">
<emphasis id="B948CD0F702CEB422A99FF73644867F6" box="[151,281,174,200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. buccalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly smaller (wing length
<quantity id="4CC4BCF8702CEB42288EFF72665567F7" box="[640,772,174,201]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.5mm</quantity>
), there are two to four ori (widely spaced if only two), there are only eight rows of acrostichal setulae and the phallus is narrower.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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