170 lines
17 KiB
XML
170 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="80A9BDFB6090A9D931CB53C23D842FDC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9480efc9-eaad-47c7-a254-dad7c5365b44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221915" ID-ZooBank="FE211811-36E2-4A22-A55B-6E080E5CEC1D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460622491356" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Durán-Barrón, César G., Rosas, María V. & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano" docDate="2013" docId="038E87E71E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFD4EFB5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p193.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thwaitesia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="FFB7FF9F1E5CFF88B354FFDCFF95FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1698334039497" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="ADEB8C7BDDA39D74646367DB9C0DD496" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A85BA04C062F4D0E9981D9FF212C5EBE">
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<mods:title id="AE8175ED686F3DC3774CE23340D97BB7">Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5349F70A85BC3CBDA0403B5F9B80C007" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A2DBE58BE9C6D3D13E8F70BF8C0BA36B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B9CD8E0967147C48D1C1B52F12238C0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="67BA4DA24879B7350F433F88F8F8E43B">Durán-Barrón, César G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BFA62796D26FFCED43E29B791A13647F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A9C31F2622754796A9701A8B42FE720C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A36E4AA255E1D6DE9103954E93D0AFBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DB879C9DE4D9AD4C1793F8D723E1A62B">Rosas, María V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C26E30B0494931BA57EDB1065934B5C1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F65981505D0D51EFB230DC3EA6615B78">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DBD4C8A55BC7D69CE55599252032FDF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="62FF15C1E7B7D1C5747D2E808200EDB6">Contreras-Ramos, Atilano</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0DB822B3E560DC5E32F075C804253BEA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="10CC6CA680B9E03A2C183AB8F49EE421">
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<mods:title id="B4DCB190471810526608F3DED169D65B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6299BFD25E6FF9D9600C7A016E37ACC0">
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<mods:date id="F87A71DA8FD9F258664159EFB2C7627E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E85F315EAA833DBAD3BA753282D7D827" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="82D9897D52D0B74261004DBA90633BA7">3666</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BFC8AFAF49FB5DD5DD287F245C9752B1" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EC0B7C32B069EB6958A89558A2372BA3">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="3D010AB02004F9CDB66CF46033847725" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="CC04C43AFF61991EECED51B8CCEC12F9">171</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E52DE3E71981A68BFE3353857D171CD5">193</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E60E9FAE5970A459D30B46630A063A30">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2221FF4284154E37B2E47EB92A65A058" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="641E1311EDEEA74A070DE6CE814CCE45" type="GBIF-Dataset">9480efc9-eaad-47c7-a254-dad7c5365b44</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AC83ADAD759CC99E75546F0F09FAD7F1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BEEFFA2E7F6650CA2331922A0861993A" type="Zenodo-Dep">221915</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038E87E71E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFD4EFB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614413" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119569256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614413" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87E71E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFD4EFB5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E71E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFD4EFB5F" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFE72FDF7" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFDAAFE71" blockId="17.[151,575,439,498]" box="[151,575,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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<heading id="D0D0819D1E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFDAAFE71" bold="true" box="[151,575,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFDAAFE71" bold="true" box="[151,575,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFE8EFE71" ID-CoL="7WFX" ID-ENA="233314" box="[151,283,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B3C3FE6BFE8EFE71" bold="true" box="[151,283,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Thwaitesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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O. P.-Cambridge, 1881
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4DFF99B3C3FE06FEDAFE52" blockId="17.[151,575,439,498]" box="[151,335,474,498]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131C2A741E4DFF99B3CBFE06FF79FE52" box="[159,236,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[210,1398,210,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[172,1424,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Spintharus flavidus Ƥ; B, Stemmops orsus Ƥ; C, S. ornata Ƥ; D, Thwaitesia bracteata Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221924/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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D, 10A)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4DFF99B3C3FDFFFE72FDF7" blockId="17.[151,1436,546,599]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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O. P.-Cambridge, 1881. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 766.
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<typeStatus id="549C88531E4DFF99B1B0FDFFFC83FD98" box="[740,790,547,568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Type</typeStatus>
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species by monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B756FDFFFB30FD98" box="[1026,1189,546,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B756FDFFFB9BFD98" box="[1026,1038,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B748FDFEFB30FD98" box="[1052,1189,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">margaritifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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O. P.-Cambridge, 1881, op. cit., p. 767, pl. 66, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E4DFF99B3C3FD5FFE40FC37" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4DFF99B3C3FD5FFE40FC37" blockId="17.[151,1437,643,1280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B3C3FD5FFE81FD3C" bold="true" box="[151,276,643,668]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The posterior median eyes have a distance between them about an eye diameter. Other spintharine genera present the posterior median eyes separated for less than an eye diameter or twice or more an eye diameter. Dorsally the opisthosoma presents a pigmentation pattern conformed by silver spots that become longitudinal bands (
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<figureCitation id="131C2A741E4DFF99B22FFD33FE5EFCA7" box="[379,459,751,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[210,1398,210,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[172,1424,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Spintharus flavidus Ƥ; B, Stemmops orsus Ƥ; C, S. ornata Ƥ; D, Thwaitesia bracteata Ƥ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221924/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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D, 10A). In the rest of genera, pigmentation forms a leaf-like pattern, just spotting, or points with no pattern defined. The male pedipalp cavity is sclerotized, only in this genus, observed dorsally in cleared specimens (
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<figureCitation id="131C2A741E4DFF99B229FCEBFE50FCEF" box="[381,453,823,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1860,1883]" captionTargetBox="[285,1329,250,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[229,1360,194,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male pedipalp. A, Steatoda grossa (left palp, ventral view, arrow = cymbial hood); B, Episinus cognatus (left palp, ventral view); C, Spintharus flavidus (left palp, ventral view, arrow = cymbial hood); D, Thwaitesia affinis (left palp, dorsal view, arrow = alveolar cavity of cymbium); E, Euryopis californica (left palp, dorsal view); F, Chrosiothes portalensis (left palp, ventral view, arrow = apex of flagellum); G, C. silvaticus (left palp, ventral view, arrow = apex of flagellum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221922/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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D). An “H”-like web architecture is shared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B753FCE5FBFFFCF0" box="[1031,1130,825,848]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B753FCE5FBFFFCF0" box="[1031,1130,825,848]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Episinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B7F3FCE4FAB6FCF0" box="[1191,1315,824,848]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B7F3FCE4FAB6FCF0" box="[1191,1315,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Spintharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Levi and Levi (1962) comment that
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B287FC80FDC4FCD4" box="[467,593,860,884]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B287FC80FDC4FCD4" box="[467,593,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Thwaitesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is close to
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B18FFC80FCC2FCD4" box="[731,855,860,884]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B18FFC80FCC2FCD4" box="[731,855,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Spintharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B0C0FC81FC63FCD4" box="[916,1014,861,884]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B0C0FC81FC63FCD4" box="[916,1014,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Episinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and that some species are probably intermediate between them.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E4DFF99B393FC7FFD5BFC40" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4DFF99B393FC7FFD5BFC40" blockId="17.[151,1437,643,1280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B393FC7FFEF5FC1C" bold="true" box="[199,352,931,956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Africa,
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B29EFC78FDA1FC1C" box="[458,564,932,956]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, Southeast Asia,
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B053FC78FCE2FC1C" box="[775,887,932,956]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, Caribbean, Central
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B724FC78FB46FC1C" box="[1136,1235,932,956]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">America</collectingCountry>
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, South
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B660FC78FA0DFC1C" box="[1332,1432,932,956]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">America</collectingCountry>
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; probably worldwide in the tropics (Platnick 2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D657A1E4DFF99B393FC37FD4EFB5F" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9836F11E4DFF99B393FC37FD4EFB5F" blockId="17.[151,1437,643,1280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B393FC37FD05FBA4" bold="true" box="[199,656,1003,1028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">
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Material examined.
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B2EAFC37FD05FBA4" box="[446,656,1003,1028]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B2EAFC37FD05FBA4" bold="true" box="[446,656,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Thwaitesia affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B1F7FC30FC9EFBA4" box="[675,779,1004,1028]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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, [Municipality Rio de Janeiro], [Town] Petropolis,
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B635FC30FF47FB88" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1946-04">
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||
April
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<quantity id="4CDF9B141E4DFF99B3C3FBCCFF47FB88" box="[151,210,1040,1064]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94685" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="1946850.0">1946</quantity>
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</date>
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, 850 m, H. Sick, 1 3 (AMNH).
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B135FBCCFD4EFB88" box="[609,731,1040,1064]" name="Panama" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Canal zone, Summit,
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B0BEFBD3FB1FFB87" box="[1002,1162,1039,1063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1946-10">October 1946</date>
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, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 Ƥ (AMNH); Summit C[anal] Z[one],
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B174FBE8FD4DFBEC" box="[544,728,1076,1100]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1946-11">November 1946</date>
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, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 Ƥ (AMNH). CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B393FB8BFED5FBCF" box="[199,320,1111,1135]" name="Guyana" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
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, Rupununi River, near mountains Makavapan,
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B03BFB8BFBBEFBCF" box="[879,1067,1111,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1937-10-05">5 October 1937</date>
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, W. G. Hassler, 1 3 (AMNH).
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D721E4DFF99B3C3FBA7FE1BFB34" box="[151,398,1147,1172]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Thwaitesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bracteata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAE31E4DFF99B3C3FBA7FE1BFB34" bold="true" box="[151,398,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">Thwaitesia bracteata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B2F7FBA0FD9EFB34" box="[419,523,1148,1172]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
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, [Rio de Janeiro], [City] Sumaré,
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B0FBFBA1FBDAFB34" box="[943,1103,1148,1173]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1946-01">January 1946</date>
|
||
, 200–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B141E4DFF99B7CDFBA0FB7CFB34" box="[1177,1257,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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||
, H. Sick, 1 3 (AMNH); Rio de Janeiro, [Municipality] Paineiras,
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B058FB43FC42FB17" box="[780,983,1183,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1959-01-22">22 January 1959</date>
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||
, A. M. Nadler, 5 Ƥ, 1 3 (AMNH).
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B3C3FB18FEBAFB7C" box="[151,303,1220,1244]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, [Department] Amazonas, [City] Leticia,
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<date id="FF9910311E4DFF99B05FFB18FC21FB7C" box="[779,948,1220,1244]" pageId="17" pageNumber="188" value="1956-02">February 1956</date>
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, J. N. Layne, 1 Ƥ (AMNH).
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<collectingCountry id="F33076611E4DFF99B656FB18FA0DFB7C" box="[1282,1432,1220,1244]" name="Paraguay" pageId="17" pageNumber="188">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Jaguarazaga, Alto Paraná, 7 Ƥ, 2 3 (AMNH-3721).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |