383 lines
52 KiB
XML
383 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="5F2B2A84F2004E57FA96C7ADD4B796FB" ID-CLB-Dataset="31237" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8efe3297-2365-402f-91af-ef2005961c9f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1084056" ID-ZooBank="D4E09E65-53AC-48F2-817E-ADE3E560BF85" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1512451257253" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reyes, Jhoe & Brusa, Francisco" docDate="2017" docId="7D6D87CCFFF9AF63FF5B9448FDD2FA5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4362.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4362 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrostomum rostratum Papi 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" masterDocId="8154FFB4FFFBAF66FFCC9077FF90FFBA" masterDocTitle="Species of Macrostomum (Macrostomorpha: Macrostomidae) from the coastal region of Lima, Peru, with comments on M. rostratum Papi, 1951" updateTime="1735933929319" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="1473BC44BEAA9116F69125F7FD118DD8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7692607BE9A28377049CC2E32DDD2E1E">
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<mods:title id="EBB2037B71111619393CFD7A8AEB68CA">Species of Macrostomum (Macrostomorpha: Macrostomidae) from the coastal region of Lima, Peru, with comments on M. rostratum Papi, 1951</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0163416EBA5E071D738A90046A006F54" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8B874FFDE32988AAF550AFD68D4F403E">Reyes, Jhoe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E16731688C87FD0946C7E866B6A09F01" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A78A48AD35C200845884AF3416ACF4EB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A00BEEC36BC43A9A2FF221A4B8BD06B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FEBDBBC1AD5D5FE68954CD3F3F7B28CB">Brusa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DCA60CAB3A89EAF0BEB8439BC884E59C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E081771BDC5A65CA93B64B2B403A08DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E455551ADC9A7177FB0E212C53DA6940">
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<mods:date id="3BCB045846CE7CA4D9834647D237DE4E">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DA931644E3F4311CA8BA3EC8815A4B22" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="963D967A836D66E538FA47BFB32BAA5B">2017-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="28DFE7CB16DB16B42151E79152F5D5C2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="10F88A7A4C600332A14954387080E600">4362</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CB54CF78C03C8ADD4A10E59AAFE19FD3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="07D46BAF3D08B5ABED156DB30762D995">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E658759068171AC33E711B5D3F2EA0EF">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FD319693A5BEABE951B68004B88E2E0E" type="CLB-Dataset">31237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E6D5214BF778CD7097E66B8F1CF05EC1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="58CA4C35143F62D74DB4953EB70B8949" type="GBIF-Dataset">8efe3297-2365-402f-91af-ef2005961c9f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="51EC08830189A1645958736162C5F3C2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C290CB6301B18B576F87370C32C52276" type="Zenodo-Dep">1084056</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7D6D87CCFFF9AF63FF5B9448FDD2FA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6026607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137585014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6026607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D6D87CCFFF9AF63FF5B9448FDD2FA5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6D87CCFFF9AF63FF5B9448FDD2FA5E" lastPageId="5" pageId="2" scope_family="Macrostomidae" scope_superOrder="Macrostomorpha">
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<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFF9AF64FF5B9448FDBCFB60" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF64FF5B9448FDDFFBE0" blockId="2.[151,591,1087,1114]" box="[151,591,1087,1114]" pageId="2">
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<heading id="AE3381B6FFF9AF64FF5B9448FDDFFBE0" bold="true" box="[151,591,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF9AF64FF5B9448FDDFFBE0" ID-CoL="3XB92" authority="Papi, 1951" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,591,1087,1114]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF5B9448FDDFFBE0" bold="true" box="[151,591,1087,1114]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF5B9448FE55FBE3" bold="true" box="[151,453,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2">Macrostomum rostratum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FE009437FDDFFBE0" author="Papi" box="[460,591,1088,1114]" pageId="2" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF64FF5B94F1FDBCFB60" blockId="2.[151,684,1158,1242]" pageId="2">
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Synonyms:
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<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF9AF64FEC394FFFD3CFB26" authority="Papi, 1951" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[271,684,1158,1181]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subSpecies" species="viride" subSpecies="rostrata">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FEC394FFFDA9FB27" box="[271,569,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2">Macrostomum viride rostrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FDF394F1FD3CFB26" author="Papi" box="[575,684,1158,1180]" pageId="2" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF9AF64FF5B94D1FD11FB01" authority="Beklemischev, 1951" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,641,1189,1211]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="phytophilum">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF5B94D1FE3CFB01" box="[151,428,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="2">Macrostomum phytophilum</emphasis>
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Beklemischev, 1951
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF9AF64FF5B94B2FDBCFB60" authority="Ferguson, 1954" authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,556,1220,1242]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratus">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF5B94B2FE19FB60" box="[151,393,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="2">Macrostomum rostratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FE4394B2FDBCFB60" author="Ferguson" box="[399,556,1220,1242]" pageId="2" refString="Ferguson, F. F. (1954) Monograph of the Macrostomine worms of Turbellaria. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 73 (2), 137 - 164." type="journal article" year="1954">Ferguson, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFF9AF64FF5B9571FF70FA4D" pageId="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF64FF5B9571FEFFFADD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF5B9571FE81FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,273,1286,1311]" pageId="2">Localities.</emphasis>
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The specimens were found in the sampling sites coded as HV-1 (
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<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFF9AF64FC3E9571FB03FAA5" box="[1010,1171,1286,1311]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-11.872278">11°52’20.2’’S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFF9AF64FB539570FADAFAA5" box="[1183,1354,1287,1311]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-77.13858">77°08’18.9’’W</geoCoordinate>
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), HV-2 (
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<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFF9AF64FF6C955DFEB6FAF9" box="[160,294,1322,1347]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="15" value="-11.870833">11°52'15’’S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFF9AF64FEFB955DFE71FAF9" box="[311,481,1322,1347]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-77.137886">77°08’16.4’’W</geoCoordinate>
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) and HV-3 (
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<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFF9AF64FDB7955DFC8BFAF9" box="[635,795,1322,1347]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-11.875222">11°52’30.8’’S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFF9AF64FCE0955DFC45FAF9" box="[812,981,1322,1347]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-77.145134">77°08’42.5’’W</geoCoordinate>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFF9AF64FC3D955DFBC6FAF9" box="[1009,1110,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,1034,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,1022,1931]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sample sites where species of Macrostomum were found. A, M. quiritium and M.tuba in Chillón River (sites 4, 5 and 6). B, M. rostratum in Humedales de Ventanilla (sites 1, 2 and 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084058/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="B8460361FFF9AF64FBA5955DFB2FFAF9" box="[1129,1215,1322,1347]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,404,427]" captionText="TABLE 1. Sample sites in Humedales de Ventanilla (HV) and Chillón river (CR)." pageId="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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) in Humedales de Ventanilla in
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<collectingRegion id="3700F838FFF9AF64FEE09539FEFBFADD" box="[300,363,1358,1383]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="2">Lima</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF64FF0B9505FF70FA4D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF0B9505FDBBFA31" bold="true" box="[199,555,1394,1419]" pageId="2">Other localities in the world.</emphasis>
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The species has been found in several countries around the world:
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FA869505FA07FA31" box="[1354,1431,1394,1419]" name="Russia" pageId="2">Russia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FF5B95E1FF7DFA15" box="[151,237,1430,1455]" name="Finland" pageId="2">Finland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FECC95E1FE05FA15" author="Luther" box="[256,405,1430,1455]" pageId="2" refString="Luther, A. (1960) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens. I. Acoela, Catenulida, Macrostomida, Lecithoepitheliata, Prolecithophora, und Proseriata. Fauna Fennica, 7, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1960">Luther 1960</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FE6195E1FE71FA15" box="[429,481,1430,1455]" name="Italy" pageId="2">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FE3895E1FDFFFA15" author="Papi" box="[500,623,1430,1455]" pageId="2" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi 1951</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FD4595E1FCDEFA15" box="[649,846,1430,1455]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FC9295E1FC3DFA15" box="[862,941,1430,1455]" name="Ireland" pageId="2">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FC0D95E0FBC4FA15" author="Young" box="[961,1108,1431,1455]" pageId="2" refString="Young, J. O. (2001) Keys to the freshwater microturbellarians of Britain and Ireland: With notes on the their ecology. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside UK, 142 pp." type="book" year="2001">Young 2001</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FBA195E1FB3DFA15" box="[1133,1197,1430,1455]" name="Spain" pageId="2">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FB0C95E0FA07FA15" author="Farias" box="[1216,1431,1430,1455]" pageId="2" refString="Farias, F., Gamo, J. & Norena-Janssen, C. (1995) Microturbelarios de la Peninsula Iberica. Graellsia, 51, 93 - 100. Available from http: // graellsia. revistas. csic. es / index. php / graellsia / article / viewArticle / 399" type="journal article" year="1995">
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Farías
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FADF95E0FAC0FA15" box="[1299,1360,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="2">et al.</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FF5B95CCFEE7FA69" author="Norena" box="[151,375,1466,1491]" pageId="2" refString="Norena, C., Damborenea, C., Faubel, A. & Brusa, F. (2007) Composition of meiobenthonic Platyhelminthes from brackish environments of the Galician and Cantabrian coasts of Spain with the description of a new species of Djeziraia (Polycystididae, Kalyptorhynchia). Journal of Natural History, 41 (29 - 32), 1989 - 2005. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701526055" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Noreña
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF3895CBFEB9FA69" box="[244,297,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="2">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FE4295CDFDDCFA69" box="[398,588,1466,1491]" name="Netherlands" pageId="2">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FD9295CDFD4BFA69" author="Tulp" box="[606,731,1466,1491]" pageId="2" refString="Tulp, A. S. (1974) Turbellaria van Ameland. Levende Natuur, 77 (3), 62 - 69." type="journal article" year="1974">Tulp 1974</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FD3E95CCFCABFA69" box="[754,827,1467,1491]" name="Kenya" pageId="2">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FC8195CCFC4DFA69" author="Young" box="[845,989,1466,1491]" pageId="2" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young 1976</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFF9AF64FBE895CDFBF8FA69" box="[1060,1128,1466,1491]" name="Brazil" pageId="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF9AF64FBB695CDFF44FA4D" author="Braccini" pageId="2" refString="Braccini, J. A. L. & Leal-Zanchet, A. M. (2013) Turbellarian assemblages in freshwater lagoons in southern Brazil. Invertebrate Biology, 132 (4), 305 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12032" type="journal article" year="2013">Braccini & Leal-Zanchet 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFF9AF64FF0B9675FDFFF985" pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF64FF0B9675FDFFF985" blockId="2.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF0B9675FE1DF9A1" bold="true" box="[199,397,1538,1563]" pageId="2">Studied material</emphasis>
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. Twenty-five specimens observed
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FCDF9673FCCEF9A1" box="[787,862,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="2">in vivo</emphasis>
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(squash preparations) and 28 (MUSM 3320–3346) specimens fixed in polyvinyl-lactophenol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFF9AF63FF0B963DFA8BFE4E" lastPageId="5" pageId="2" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF64FF0B963DFB08F8E5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1286,2031]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF9AF64FF0B963DFEC1F9D9" bold="true" box="[199,337,1610,1635]" pageId="2">Description</emphasis>
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. Body usually whitish that turns to yellow–mustard (
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<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFF9AF64FC05963DFBD3F9D9" box="[969,1091,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
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) when the intestinal contents (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFF9AF64FF529619FEB1F93D" box="[158,289,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figures 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3C) reflect the light (algae, rotifers, ostracods and sometimes larvae of dipterans). The anterior part of the body is truncated, and widens to reach its maximum width at about 2/3 of the body length. The posterior end is spatula–shaped with a large number of adhesive papillae on its edge. The length of the body varies from
|
||
<quantity id="323C9B3FFFF9AF64FA8996C1FF56F948" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5 to 2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The epidermis has locomotor cilia and longer sensory cilia throughout the body. Abundant rhabdites grouped in packs of seven to twelve rhabdites each and distributed mainly on the dorsal surface of the body. Cerebral ganglia paired and linked by a weak cerebral commissure. The ciliated mouth is located just behind the eyes. The pharynx simplex possesses a large quantity of thin pear-shaped glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFF9AF64FC7A9731FBC9F8E5" box="[950,1113,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figures 2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF9AF63FF0B971DFC4DFEFA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1286,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" lastPageId="5" pageId="2">
|
||
Male reproductive system: Oval, thin-walled testes latero-ventral in the mid-part of the body, flanking the intestine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFF9AF64FEC597F9FE1EF81D" box="[265,398,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figures 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3A). The seminal vesicle is bilobed and globular in shape, with thick walls and full of spermatozoa. When swimming, the anterior region of the seminal vesicle (anterior lobe) is positioned close to the left side and to the ventral surface of the body, while the posterior region (posterior lobe) is located in the dorsal position, slightly posterior to the anterior lobe and on the central body axis. Both lobes are separated by a constriction. The seminal vesicle continues at its distal end with the smaller prostatic vesicle, which immediately joins the proximal end of the stylet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFF8AF65FD8990A8FD72FF42" box="[581,738,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figure 2A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Digitiform prostate glands fill the prostate vesicle and the proximal region of the stylet. The stylet is a conical tube that is housed in a muscular tunica. Proximally, the stylet has a slightly crenellated base, which is 38.4 µm in length (26.8–49.8 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FC2190EEFC6BFF0A" box="[1005,1019,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 27;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FB8490E0FBF1FF0A" box="[1096,1121,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5">sd</emphasis>
|
||
= 6.8), whereas distally, its shaft is curved at an angle of ± 90° (with the curvature attenuated). The subterminal opening of the stylet is 9.6 µm long (7.4–12.7 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FEB59096FE17FF42" box="[377,391,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FE1890A8FE7DFF42" box="[468,493,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5">sd</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.5) and located on the concave side of the stylet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FB8790A8FB5FFF42" box="[1099,1231,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figures 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3D, E). The total length of the stylet (
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FEB99172FE23FEA6" box="[373,435,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FE769173FDE7FEA6" author="Schockaert" box="[442,631,260,285]" pageId="5" refString="Schockaert, E. R. (2014) Marine Macrostomorpha (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from the Algarve (southern Portugal). Zootaxa, 3872 (5), 577 - 590. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3872.5.8" type="journal article" year="2014">Schockaert 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is 82.4 µm (70.4–92.5 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FC7E9172FC50FEA6" box="[946,960,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 18;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FBCB9173FBB0FEA7" box="[1031,1056,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5">sd</emphasis>
|
||
= 6.6), whereas the total height of the stylet is 49.2 µm (37.3–59.6 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FDF9915EFDD3FEFA" box="[565,579,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 26;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FD409150FD35FEFA" box="[652,677,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5">sd</emphasis>
|
||
= 5.7) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FD319150FC10FEFA" box="[765,896,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figures 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3D, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A1BB6652FFF8AF65FF5B9712FB8EF802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="3" targetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF8AF65FF5B9712FB8EF802" blockId="3.[151,1436,1893,1976]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF8AF65FF5B9712FE83F8C0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1893,1915]" pageId="3">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of a live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF8AF65FDB19711FC60F8C1" authority="Papi, 1951" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[637,1008,1893,1915]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF8AF65FDB19711FCE8F8C1" box="[637,888,1894,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3">Macrostomum rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
Papi, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G, Penis stylet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A1BB6652FFFFAF62FF5B97F0FC92F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084062/files/figure.png" pageId="4" targetBox="[217,1348,193,1872]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFFAF62FF5B97F0FC92F860" blockId="4.[151,1436,1927,2010]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFFAF62FF5B97F0FE84F826" bold="true" box="[151,276,1927,1949]" pageId="4">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFFAF62FED097FFFD02F827" authority="Papi, 1951" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[284,658,1927,1949]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFFAF62FED097FFFD88F827" box="[284,536,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4">Macrostomum rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
Papi, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Schematic reconstruction of the body; B, Detail of the male copulatory system; C, Specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFFAF62FE5697D0FDB1F806" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[410,545,1959,1980]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFFAF62FE5697D0FDB1F806" box="[410,545,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with mainly microcrustaceans in the intestine; D–E, Schematic representation of the stylet with measurements taken; F, Detail of a spermatozoon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B913BFEBCFE32" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5">
|
||
Spermatozoa consist of body and shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FD43913BFC9EFEDE" box="[655,782,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figures 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3F) and their total length is 31.9 µm (24.2–44.4 µm,
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FABA913AFA14FEDE" box="[1398,1412,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14;
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0E9118FF4BFE32" box="[194,219,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5">sd</emphasis>
|
||
= 5.1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B91E3FA8BFE4E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5">
|
||
Female reproductive system: Typical of the genus. The ovaries are located behind the middle of the body, and have brownish–yellow coloration. The female atrium is located posterior to the intestine, ventrally, and is surrounded by shell glands. The female atrium usually contains eggs in formation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FBF491ABFB4CFE4E" box="[1080,1244,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figures 2A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFFEAF63FF0B9188FDD2FA5E" pageId="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B9188FA84FCAF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0B9188FEABFDA2" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the morphological characteristics observed, the individuals collected belong to the species with a hook-shaped stylet. The species of this group are characterized by a stylet with a broad base, a funnel-shaped shaft, and a pointed distal portion which is curved into a hook at an angle of ± 90°. The opening of the ejaculatory duct lies at the level of the stylet curvature, in the concave or convex portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FBC5921BFB1CFD3E" box="[1033,1164,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,337,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Detail of the anterior body region; C, Detail of the testes; D, Detail of the ovary; E, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; F, Detail of four spermatozoa in different focal planes; G,Penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084060/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figures 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
; 3E). In most species of this group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FEEE92E6FD53FD12" authority="Fabricius, 1826" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1826" box="[290,707,655,680]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="appendiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FEEE92E6FD91FD12" box="[290,513,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. appendiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FDC092F8FD53FD12" author="Fabricius" box="[524,707,655,680]" pageId="5" refString="Fabricius, O. (1826) Fortsaettelse af nye zoologiske bidrag. VI. Nogle lidet bekjendte og tildeels nye Flad-Orme (Planariae). Kongl danske vidensk selskabs naturvid Math Afhandl, 2, 13 - 60." type="journal article" year="1826">Fabricius, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FD1F92E6FB93FD12" authority="Luther, 1947" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" box="[723,1027,655,680]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="balticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FD1F92E6FCCFFD12" box="[723,863,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. balticum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FCA792F8FB93FD12" author="Luther" box="[875,1027,655,680]" pageId="5" refString="Luther, A. (1947) Untersuchungen an rhabdocoelen Turbellarien VI. Macrostomiden aus Finnland. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 49, 1 - 38" type="journal article" year="1947">Luther, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FBDF92E6FAFDFD12" authority="Papi, 1951" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[1043,1389,655,680]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="distinguendum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FBDF92E6FB72FD12" box="[1043,1250,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. distinguendum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FB2292F8FAFDFD12" author="Papi" box="[1262,1389,655,680]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FAB192E6FD97FD77" authority="Beklemischev, 1951" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystricinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FAB192E6FE8BFD77" italics="true" pageId="5">M. hystricinum</emphasis>
|
||
Beklemischev, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FDDF92C2FC8FFD76" authority="Orsted, 1843" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1843" box="[531,799,692,717]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FDDF92C2FD14FD77" box="[531,644,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FD4092C3FC8FFD76" author="Orsted" box="[652,799,692,717]" pageId="5" refString="Orsted, A. S. (1843) Forsog til en ny Classification of Planarierne (Planariea Duges) grundet paa mikroskopish-anatomiske Undersogelser. Kroyer's Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (I), 4 (8), 519 - 581." type="journal article" year="1843">Ørsted, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FCE692C2FBB2FD77" authority="Ax, 1951" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1951" box="[810,1058,692,717]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pusillum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FCE692C2FC20FD77" box="[810,944,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. pusillum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FC7B92C3FBB2FD77" author="Ax" box="[951,1058,692,717]" pageId="5" refString="Ax, P. (1951) Die Turbellarien des Eulitorals der Kieler Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 80, 277 - 378." type="journal article" year="1951">Ax, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FBE292C2FA08FD77" authority="Mack-Fira, 1968" authorityName="Mack-Fira" authorityYear="1968" box="[1070,1432,692,717]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="romanicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FBE292C2FB41FD76" box="[1070,1233,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. romanicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FB1592C3FA08FD77" author="Mack-Fira" box="[1241,1432,692,717]" pageId="5" refString="Mack-Fira, V. (1968) Macrostomum romanicum sp. n., un Turbellarie des lacs sales de la Roumanie. Lucrarile Sesiunii Stiintificie a Statiunii de Cercetari Marine " Prof. Ioan Borcea ", volum fest, 197 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1968">Mack-Fira, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FF0592AEFD9DFD4A" authority="Kolasa, 1973" authorityName="Kolasa" authorityYear="1973" box="[201,525,727,752]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sileciacum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0592AEFEFAFD4A" box="[201,362,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. sileciacum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FEBF92A0FD9DFD4A" author="Kolasa" box="[371,525,727,752]" pageId="5" refString="Kolasa, J. (1973) Two new species of Macrostomum (Turbellaria), a redescription of an established species, and new records from Poland. Bolletino di Zoologia, 40 (2), 181 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Kolasa, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the general shape of the stylet is very similar, with the distal opening on the convex side of the curvature. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FDBE928AFC95FCAE" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[626,773,765,788]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FDBE928AFC95FCAE" box="[626,773,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the stylet opening occurs on the concave side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B9368FA0DFBE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5">
|
||
Based principally on the copulatory apparatus, we here report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FC559356FB23FC82" authority="Papi, 1951" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[921,1203,799,824]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FC559356FBBEFC82" box="[921,1070,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FBF59368FB23FC82" author="Papi" box="[1081,1203,799,824]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFFEAF63FF5B9332FF5EFCE6" box="[151,206,837,860]" name="Peru" pageId="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species has been described for Europe and inhabits both brackish and freshwater environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FAF79333FE1AFC3A" author="Braccini" pageId="5" refString="Braccini, J. A. L. & Leal-Zanchet, A. M. (2013) Turbellarian assemblages in freshwater lagoons in southern Brazil. Invertebrate Biology, 132 (4), 305 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12032" type="journal article" year="2013">Braccini & Leal-Zanchet 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FE5A931FFDF9FC3A" author="Norena" box="[406,617,871,896]" pageId="5" refString="Norena, C., Damborenea, C., Faubel, A. & Brusa, F. (2007) Composition of meiobenthonic Platyhelminthes from brackish environments of the Galician and Cantabrian coasts of Spain with the description of a new species of Djeziraia (Polycystididae, Kalyptorhynchia). Journal of Natural History, 41 (29 - 32), 1989 - 2005. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701526055" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Noreña
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FE23931EFDB0FC3A" box="[495,544,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FDB89310FD77FC3A" author="Papi" box="[628,743,871,896]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FD3F9310FCBEFC3A" author="Papi" box="[755,814,871,896]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria: Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FCF5931FFC55FC3A" author="Young" box="[825,965,871,896]" pageId="5" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The morphological characteristics of the specimens found in Humedales de Ventanilla are similar to those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FBF393FBFB50FC1F" author="Papi" box="[1087,1216,908,933]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi (1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FB1D93FBFA9AFC1F" author="Papi" box="[1233,1290,908,933]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria: Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FA9E93FBFF74FC72" author="Luther" pageId="5" refString="Luther, A. (1960) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens. I. Acoela, Catenulida, Macrostomida, Lecithoepitheliata, Prolecithophora, und Proseriata. Fauna Fennica, 7, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1960">Luther (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; however, there are some differences in the copulatory apparatus. The stylets of the specimens from Humedales de Ventanilla have the shape of a solid inverted cone, whereas those reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FB6493A3FAB5FC57" author="Papi" box="[1192,1317,980,1005]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi (1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FAFD93A3FAFAFC57" author="Papi" box="[1329,1386,980,1005]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria: Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are slightly spiral- or “S”-shaped as is also the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FD05938EFCE2FBAA" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[713,882,1015,1040]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystricinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FD05938EFCE2FBAA" box="[713,882,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. hystricinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in the latter species, the distal opening is on the convex side of the stylet. In the specimens found in Humedales de Ventanilla, the distal opening is clearly seen as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FE4D9448FD96FBE2" author="Papi" box="[385,518,1087,1112]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria: Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">Papi (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, while in the specimens reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FC519448FBB3FBE2" author="Papi" box="[925,1059,1087,1112]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1951) Ricerche sui Turbellaria Macrostomidae. Archivo Zoologico Italiano, 36, 289 - 342." type="journal article" year="1951">Papi (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this opening is not clearly stated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B9413FE86FAEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5">
|
||
The size of the stylets of the specimens found in Humedales de Ventanilla differs slightly from those recorded so far. In Europe, lengths of 67 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FDE594F0FD0FFB1A" author="Papi" box="[553,671,1159,1184]" pageId="5" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria: Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">Papi 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 52–60 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FCFD94F0FC50FB1A" author="Luther" box="[817,960,1159,1184]" pageId="5" refString="Luther, A. (1960) Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens. I. Acoela, Catenulida, Macrostomida, Lecithoepitheliata, Prolecithophora, und Proseriata. Fauna Fennica, 7, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1960">Luther 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 63 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FBE494F0FB31FB1A" author="Tulp" box="[1064,1185,1159,1184]" pageId="5" refString="Tulp, A. S. (1974) Turbellaria van Ameland. Levende Natuur, 77 (3), 62 - 69." type="journal article" year="1974">Tulp 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 53 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FAC594FFFA04FB1A" author="Young" box="[1289,1428,1159,1184]" pageId="5" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 36–77 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FE8A94DBFE67FB7E" author="Heitkamp" box="[326,503,1196,1221]" pageId="5" refString="Heitkamp, U. (1979) Zur Systematik, Biologie und Okologie der Turbellarien Periodischer und perennierender Kleingewasser Sudniedersachsens. Habilitationsschrift Gottingen, 1, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1979">Heitkamp 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have been recorded, whereas the height of the stylet of the specimens studied here are similar to those found by the authors mentioned above. We thus infer that the stylet dimensions of this species are variable, as in other species of the genus. The morphology of the spermatozoa and stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FAC99482FA0BFAB6" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[1285,1435,1269,1292]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FAC99482FA0BFAB6" box="[1285,1435,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests hypodermic insemination (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FDFD9560FC82FA8A" author="Scharer" box="[561,786,1303,1328]" pageId="5" refString="Scharer, L., Littlewood, D. T. J, Waeschenbach, A., Yoshida, W. & Vizoso, D. B. (2011) Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science USA, 108 (4), 1490 - 1495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1013892108" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Schärer
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FD5E956EFD55FA8A" box="[658,709,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, new observations are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B9516FDD2FA5E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5">
|
||
In some occasions,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FE7A9516FDDFFAC2" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1951" box="[438,591,1377,1400]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FE7A9516FDDFFAC2" box="[438,591,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found with its intestinal content full of cladocerans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FADF9528FA1FFAC2" box="[1299,1423,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[217,1348,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[208,1365,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrostomum rostratum Papi, 1951. A, Schematic reconstruction of the body; B, Detail of the male copulatory system; C, Specimen of M. rostratum with mainly microcrustaceans in the intestine; D–E, Schematic representation of the stylet with measurements taken; F, Detail of a spermatozoon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084062/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, this species was associated with vegetation such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FC9395F2FC2CFA26" box="[863,956,1413,1436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FC9395F2FC2CFA26" box="[863,956,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FC3895F3FBD8FA27" box="[1012,1096,1412,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FC3895F3FBD8FA27" box="[1012,1096,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5">Arundo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FB4C95F3FB65FA27" box="[1152,1269,1412,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FB4C95F3FB65FA27" box="[1152,1269,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5">Salicornia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FAE095F3FAE4FA27" box="[1324,1396,1412,1437]" class="Charophyceae" family="Characeae" genus="Chara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Charales" pageId="5" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FAE095F3FAE4FA27" box="[1324,1396,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5">Chara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FF0295D0FE66FA7A" authority="Pers." authorityName="Pers." box="[206,502,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Typhaceae" genus="Typha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0295D0FE3DFA7A" box="[206,429,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5">Typha domingensis</emphasis>
|
||
Pers.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the water temperature was 20.88 °C on average, the pH was 9.16 and the conductivity was 20 mS/cm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="B8460361FFFEAF63FE1195BBFDA5FA5E" box="[477,565,1484,1509]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,872,895]" captionText="TABLE 2. Average values of the physicochemical parameters and characteristics of the sample sites in Humedales de Ventanilla (HV) and Chillón river (CR)." pageId="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |