263 lines
42 KiB
XML
263 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="B8C8E89D898C15E314E3AF1085624DCE" ID-CLB-Dataset="169752" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8099fef-09e7-4bb5-8b66-0f787974a438" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7224058" ID-ZooBank="CB659E3E-4614-4894-9941-B9DB86D38A6F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1666165744259" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gon, Ofer, Assel, Edda, Anderson, Eric & Maclaine, James" docDate="2022" docId="03FB4E33FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F073F91B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5196.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5196 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stylophthalmus paradoxus Brauer 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFC2364BFFD0FFD0E7126A0BF35DFFA7" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic re-evaluation of five stomiiform fish species described by August Brauer (1902) with lectotype designations" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1699407998175" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A32F918458FD4E049DDA6FBFC00705B3">A taxonomic re-evaluation of five stomiiform fish species described by August Brauer (1902) with lectotype designations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E687F1F85BA7FB2C772B7DF9B0C6A5FE">Gon, Ofer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1050F336B6D54992D5F6F82BFC7820DD">Assel, Edda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="42F792FFE0D63F7471BFEAC16E14EA74">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstrasse 43, D- 10115 Berlin, Germany Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6722 - 9123 Correspponding author. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1179 - 8842</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03FB4E33FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F073F91B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7229871" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203117936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7229871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB4E33FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F073F91B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB4E33FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F073F91B" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C348ACAEFFD3FFD3E7856AD5F291FF5E" box="[151,460,222,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEDFF25FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F291FF5E" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1725]" box="[151,460,222,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F291FF5E" ID-CoL="7B398" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,460,222,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Stylophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
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<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E7856AD5F291FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,460,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Stylophthalmus paradoxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C348ACAEFFD3FFD3E7856B09F7A5FD0E" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEDFF25FFD3FFD3E7856B09F7A5FD0E" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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Comparison of the
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<typeStatus id="54E94187FFD3FFD3E67D6B08F28CFEBA" box="[367,465,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E6E46B09F042FEBB" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1902" box="[502,799,258,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Stylophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
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<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E6E46B09F042FEBB" box="[502,799,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Stylophthalmus paradoxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the illustrations of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E3206B08F797FEBB" author="Brauer, A." box="[1074,1226,258,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref8332" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia, " 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Part 1. Jena, Naumburg, pp. 1 - 432." type="book chapter" year="1906">Brauer (1906</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. V, figs. 2, 5–7; reproduced in
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<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E6286B2DF227FEE7" box="[314,378,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1688,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,378,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-134@1.[151,1436,378,1662]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A photograph of Brauer’s (1906) Plate V depicting Stylophthalmus paradoxus described by Brauer (1902)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224060/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) indicated the following: ZMB 17455 (
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<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E42F6B2DF0D0FEE7" box="[829,909,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,187,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[150,1438,181,1646]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larval specimens of Stylophthalmus paradoxus collected by the Valdivia Expedition 1898–1899: ZMB 17455, 27.8 mm SL, station 217, Between Ceylon and Maldive Islands (a). ZMB 17458, about 36 mm SL, syntype, station 231, Between Seychelles and Zanzibar (b). ZMB 17456, 2: 10.5–11.0 mm SL (re-identified as Bathylagus sp.), syntypes, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean (c). Lateral and ventral views of one of the two Bathylagus sp. specimens of (c) in a drawing found in the ZMB archive (MfN, HBSB, K001 No. 1585, p. 38) (d). ZMH 8172, 10.4 mm (tail lost), syntype, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island (e). SMF 2067, about 8 mm SL, station 135, SE of Bouvet Island (f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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) is illustrated in pl.V, fig. 7; ZMB 17458 (
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<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E27D6B2DF3EBFEC3" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,187,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[150,1438,181,1646]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larval specimens of Stylophthalmus paradoxus collected by the Valdivia Expedition 1898–1899: ZMB 17455, 27.8 mm SL, station 217, Between Ceylon and Maldive Islands (a). ZMB 17458, about 36 mm SL, syntype, station 231, Between Seychelles and Zanzibar (b). ZMB 17456, 2: 10.5–11.0 mm SL (re-identified as Bathylagus sp.), syntypes, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean (c). Lateral and ventral views of one of the two Bathylagus sp. specimens of (c) in a drawing found in the ZMB archive (MfN, HBSB, K001 No. 1585, p. 38) (d). ZMH 8172, 10.4 mm (tail lost), syntype, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island (e). SMF 2067, about 8 mm SL, station 135, SE of Bouvet Island (f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
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), the largest specimen, is illustrated in pl. V, fig. 6; and the two smallest specimens (
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<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E36F6B41F78DFEC3" box="[1149,1232,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,187,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[150,1438,181,1646]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larval specimens of Stylophthalmus paradoxus collected by the Valdivia Expedition 1898–1899: ZMB 17455, 27.8 mm SL, station 217, Between Ceylon and Maldive Islands (a). ZMB 17458, about 36 mm SL, syntype, station 231, Between Seychelles and Zanzibar (b). ZMB 17456, 2: 10.5–11.0 mm SL (re-identified as Bathylagus sp.), syntypes, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean (c). Lateral and ventral views of one of the two Bathylagus sp. specimens of (c) in a drawing found in the ZMB archive (MfN, HBSB, K001 No. 1585, p. 38) (d). ZMH 8172, 10.4 mm (tail lost), syntype, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island (e). SMF 2067, about 8 mm SL, station 135, SE of Bouvet Island (f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
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, ZMB 17456) are the specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E6726B65F283FE2F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1878" box="[352,478,366,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bathylagidae" genus="Bathylagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E6726B65F283FE2F" box="[352,478,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Bathylagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shown in pl. V, figs. 2 and 5. One of the latter two is depicted in a pencil drawing, with “139 Vert
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<quantity id="4CAA52C0FFD3FFD3E65A6B99F2FCFE0B" box="[328,417,402,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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” inscribed above in Brauer’s hand writing (
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<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E48A6B99F0B3FE0B" box="[920,1006,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,187,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[150,1438,181,1646]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larval specimens of Stylophthalmus paradoxus collected by the Valdivia Expedition 1898–1899: ZMB 17455, 27.8 mm SL, station 217, Between Ceylon and Maldive Islands (a). ZMB 17458, about 36 mm SL, syntype, station 231, Between Seychelles and Zanzibar (b). ZMB 17456, 2: 10.5–11.0 mm SL (re-identified as Bathylagus sp.), syntypes, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean (c). Lateral and ventral views of one of the two Bathylagus sp. specimens of (c) in a drawing found in the ZMB archive (MfN, HBSB, K001 No. 1585, p. 38) (d). ZMH 8172, 10.4 mm (tail lost), syntype, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island (e). SMF 2067, about 8 mm SL, station 135, SE of Bouvet Island (f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
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); ‘139’ is the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E39D6B99F7B6FE0B" authorityName="Expedition" authorityYear="1898" box="[1167,1259,402,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E39D6B99F7B6FE0B" box="[1167,1259,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Valdivia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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station number and ‘Vert’ refers to a vertical net. The
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<typeStatus id="54E94187FFD3FFD3E54A6BBCF1F2FE76" box="[600,687,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E5C86BBCF033FE77" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1902" box="[730,878,438,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Stylophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
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<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E5C86BBCF033FE77" box="[730,878,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Station 136 was originally archived at the Zoological Institute of the Karl Marx University in Leipzig. However, in about 1970, it was apparently transferred to ZMB, along with all its additional
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<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E5246BF5F1CFFDBF" authorityName="Expedition" authorityYear="1898" box="[566,658,510,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E5246BF5F1CFFDBF" box="[566,658,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Valdivia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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material. Although it appears on a list of the transferred material, it is not registered in the ZMB catalogue and we have not been able to find it. Another specimen, from station 139 (ZMH 8172), is in the fish collection of the University of
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<collectingRegion id="499631C7FFD3FFD3E5F2684DF014FDC7" box="[736,841,582,608]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E448684DF736FDC7" author="Wilkens, H. & Dohse, R." box="[858,1131,582,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="401 - 426" refId="ref9435" refString="Wilkens, H. & Dohse, R. (1993) Die Typen der Ichthyologischen Sammlung des Zoologischen Instituts und Zoologischen Museums der Universitat Hamburg (ZMH) Teil IV. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 90, 401 - 426." type="journal article" year="1993">Wilkens & Dohse 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). Although the last portion of the body, including the caudal fin, is missing, this larval specimen (
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<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E4B86861F0A7FD23" box="[938,1018,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,187,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[150,1438,181,1646]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larval specimens of Stylophthalmus paradoxus collected by the Valdivia Expedition 1898–1899: ZMB 17455, 27.8 mm SL, station 217, Between Ceylon and Maldive Islands (a). ZMB 17458, about 36 mm SL, syntype, station 231, Between Seychelles and Zanzibar (b). ZMB 17456, 2: 10.5–11.0 mm SL (re-identified as Bathylagus sp.), syntypes, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean (c). Lateral and ventral views of one of the two Bathylagus sp. specimens of (c) in a drawing found in the ZMB archive (MfN, HBSB, K001 No. 1585, p. 38) (d). ZMH 8172, 10.4 mm (tail lost), syntype, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island (e). SMF 2067, about 8 mm SL, station 135, SE of Bouvet Island (f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
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) is similar in body proportions to the larval specimen from station 135 (SMF 2067,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E58F6885F1B4FD0F" box="[669,745,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,187,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[150,1438,181,1646]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larval specimens of Stylophthalmus paradoxus collected by the Valdivia Expedition 1898–1899: ZMB 17455, 27.8 mm SL, station 217, Between Ceylon and Maldive Islands (a). ZMB 17458, about 36 mm SL, syntype, station 231, Between Seychelles and Zanzibar (b). ZMB 17456, 2: 10.5–11.0 mm SL (re-identified as Bathylagus sp.), syntypes, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean (c). Lateral and ventral views of one of the two Bathylagus sp. specimens of (c) in a drawing found in the ZMB archive (MfN, HBSB, K001 No. 1585, p. 38) (d). ZMH 8172, 10.4 mm (tail lost), syntype, station 139, SE of Bouvet Island (e). SMF 2067, about 8 mm SL, station 135, SE of Bouvet Island (f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
|
||
) and both are confirmed larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E37F6885F7ACFD0F" box="[1133,1265,654,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E37F6885F7ACFD0F" box="[1133,1265,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Idiacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C348ACAEFFD3FFD3E7D568B9F073F91B" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDFF25FFD3FFD3E7D568B9F63BFC9F" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E66B68B9F170FD6B" author="Brauer, A." box="[377,557,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="277 - 298" refId="ref8301" refString="Brauer, A. (1902) Diagnosen von neuen Tiefseefische, welche voon der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelt sind. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 25 (658), 277 - 298." type="journal article" year="1902">Brauer’s (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description with the specimens and the illustrations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E3BA68B8F61FFD6B" author="Brauer, A." box="[1192,1346,690,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref8332" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia, " 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Part 1. Jena, Naumburg, pp. 1 - 432." type="book chapter" year="1906">Brauer (1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E24268B9F6CCFD6B" box="[1360,1425,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1688,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,378,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-134@1.[151,1436,378,1662]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A photograph of Brauer’s (1906) Plate V depicting Stylophthalmus paradoxus described by Brauer (1902)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224060/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) indicated that he originally described the fish in his pl. V, fig. 6 (ZMB 17458). This specimen, the largest, has the following characters: dorsal and anal fins present, the latter beginning just below the last fin ray of the former; trailing gut; eyes on long stalks; and body depth about 60 times in body length as measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E3D36914F63CFC9F" author="Brauer, A." box="[1217,1377,798,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="277 - 298" refId="ref8301" refString="Brauer, A. (1902) Diagnosen von neuen Tiefseefische, welche voon der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelt sind. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 25 (658), 277 - 298." type="journal article" year="1902">Brauer (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDFF25FFD3FFD3E7D56949F7C9FB63" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E7D56949F2C5FCFA" author="Beebe, W." box="[199,408,834,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="149 - 241" refId="ref8260" refString="Beebe, W. (1934) Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda oceanographic expeditions. Family Idiacanthidae. Zoologica, 16 (4), 149 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 206617" type="journal article" year="1934">Beebe (1934: 165)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that the dark mid-lateral spots on the body of the larval specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E3FC6948F602FCFB" box="[1262,1375,834,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E3FC6948F602FCFB" box="[1262,1375,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. fasciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were arranged “one in the middle of each myomere.” This was confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E4BB696DF646FC27" author="Kawaguchi, K. & Moser, H. G." box="[937,1307,870,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="169 - 181" refId="ref8961" refString="Kawaguchi, K. & Moser, H. G. (1984) Stomiaitoidea: Development. In: Moser, H. G., Richards, W. J., Cohen, D. M., Fahay, M. P., Kendall Jr., A. W. & Richardson, S. L. (Eds.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Special Publication No. 1. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 169 - 181." type="book chapter" year="1984">Kawaguchi & Moser (1984: 181)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who found a melanophore on the “posterior margin of each hypaxial myomere.” We counted these dark dots and/or myomeres on the actual
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E94187FFD3FFD3E62469A4F2C5FC6E" box="[310,408,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E6D069A4F10AFC6F" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1902" box="[450,599,942,969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Stylophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E6D069A4F10AFC6F" box="[450,599,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E58169A4F05BFC6F" box="[659,774,942,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E58169A4F05BFC6F" box="[659,774,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. fasciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(where specimen condition allowed it), on the illustrated larvae in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E61269D8F2C5FC4B" author="Brauer, A." box="[256,408,978,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref8332" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia, " 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Part 1. Jena, Naumburg, pp. 1 - 432." type="book chapter" year="1906">Brauer (1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E6B769D9F2B8FC4B" box="[421,485,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1688,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,378,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-134@1.[151,1436,378,1662]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A photograph of Brauer’s (1906) Plate V depicting Stylophthalmus paradoxus described by Brauer (1902)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224060/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and on the larva depicted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E42A69D9F094FC4B" author="Beebe, W." box="[824,969,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="149 - 241" refId="ref8260" refString="Beebe, W. (1934) Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda oceanographic expeditions. Family Idiacanthidae. Zoologica, 16 (4), 149 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 206617" type="journal article" year="1934">Beebe (1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 52). These data were compared with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E78569FDF21DFBB7" author="Beebe, W." box="[151,320,1014,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="149 - 241" refId="ref8260" refString="Beebe, W. (1934) Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda oceanographic expeditions. Family Idiacanthidae. Zoologica, 16 (4), 149 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 206617" type="journal article" year="1934">Beebe’s (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
data, as well as with vertebral counts taken from radiographs of more recent specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E23F69FCF6C0FBB7" box="[1325,1437,1014,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E23F69FCF6C0FBB7" box="[1325,1437,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. fasciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E7DA6E10F213FB93" box="[200,334,1050,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E7DA6E10F213FB93" box="[200,334,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and with data from the literature (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D0CA9EFFD3FFD3E5C96E11F072FB93" box="[731,815,1050,1076]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts of dark lateral dots, myomeres and vertebrae, and fins’ origin along the vertebral column in Stylophthalmus paradoxus and species of Idiacanthus. N,S,E,W=North, South, East, West, respectively; IO=Indian Ocean; Pac=Pacific; Atl= Atlantic." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DAFADFFD6FFD6E7856A9CF154FF50" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF2DAFADFFD6FFD6E7856A9CF154FF50">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E45B6E11F0BCFB93" author="Beebe, W." box="[841,993,1050,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="149 - 241" refId="ref8260" refString="Beebe, W. (1934) Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda oceanographic expeditions. Family Idiacanthidae. Zoologica, 16 (4), 149 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 206617" type="journal article" year="1934">Beebe (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had the lowest range of counts of dark dots or myomeres; his highest value was 72 for a
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA52C0FFD3FFD3E5D66E35F04EFBFE" box="[708,787,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
long postflexion larva; his lowest count of 64 dark lateral dots on a
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA52C0FFD3FFD3E6116E69F20FFBDA" box="[259,338,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
larva was similar to our count of 65 dots on the fish in his fig. 52 (no length given). These values, the latter two in particular, are lower than the counts obtained for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E46C6E8CF75EFB07" box="[894,1027,1158,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E46C6E8CF75EFB07" box="[894,1027,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E3006E8CF7DEFB07" box="[1042,1155,1158,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E3006E8CF7DEFB07" box="[1042,1155,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. fasciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E3A96E8CF610FB07" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1902" box="[1211,1357,1158,1185]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Stylophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E3A96E8CF610FB07" box="[1211,1357,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D0CA9EFFD3FFD3E24E6E8DF3FEFB63" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts of dark lateral dots, myomeres and vertebrae, and fins’ origin along the vertebral column in Stylophthalmus paradoxus and species of Idiacanthus. N,S,E,W=North, South, East, West, respectively; IO=Indian Ocean; Pac=Pacific; Atl= Atlantic." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DAFADFFD6FFD6E7856A9CF154FF50" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF2DAFADFFD6FFD6E7856A9CF154FF50">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) suggesting that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E6776EA1F2A0FB63" author="Beebe, W." box="[357,509,1194,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="149 - 241" refId="ref8260" refString="Beebe, W. (1934) Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda oceanographic expeditions. Family Idiacanthidae. Zoologica, 16 (4), 149 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 206617" type="journal article" year="1934">Beebe (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
may have had more than one species in his larval material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDFF25FFD3FFD3E7D56EC5F073F91B" blockId="3.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Examination of the largest
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E94187FFD3FFD3E6FC6EC4F143FB4E" box="[494,542,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E5BD6EC4F06FFB4F" box="[687,818,1230,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E5BD6EC4F06FFB4F" box="[687,818,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMB 17723,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E4C76EC5F77CFB4F" box="[981,1057,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[156,1432,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photograph of Idiacanthus atlanticus ZMB 17723, 204 mm SL, holotype, Valdivia Expedition station 83, Walvis Ridge, W of Namibia (a). Radiograph of the same specimen (b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
) revealed the dorsal fin positioned slightly in front of the pelvic-fin insertion suggesting it could be a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E3756EF8F785FAAB" box="[1127,1240,1266,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E3756EF8F785FAAB" box="[1127,1240,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. fasciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its myomere count of 83 was in the range of that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E5526F1CF198FA97" box="[576,709,1302,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E5526F1CF198FA97" box="[576,709,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of recent authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E4866F1DF75AFA97" author="Gon, O." box="[916,1031,1302,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="127 - 133" refId="ref8822" refString="Gon, O. (1990) Stomiidae. In: Gon, O. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Fishes of the Southern Ocean. JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, pp. 127 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 141868" type="book chapter" year="1990">Gon 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E3006F1DF7AAFA96" author="Duhamel, G. & Gasco, P. & Davaine, P." box="[1042,1271,1302,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" refId="ref8391" refString="Duhamel, G., Gasco, P. & Davaine, P. (2005) Poissons des iles Kerguelen et Crozet. Guise regional de l'ocean Austral. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 419 pp. [Patrimoines Naturels, 63]" type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Duhamel
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E36C6F1CF7F2FA97" box="[1150,1199,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E2106F1DF389FAF3" author="Kenaley, C. P. & Harold, A. S. & Gomon, M. F." pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="240 - 254" refId="ref9058" refString="Kenaley, C. P., Harold, A. S. & Gomon, M. F. (2008) Family Stomiidae Dragonfishes. In: Gomon, M., Bray, D. & Kuiter, R. (Eds.), Fishes of Australia's southern coast. Reed New Holland, Sydney, pp. 240 - 254." type="book chapter" year="2008">
|
||
Kenaley
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E2776F1CF6C8FA97" box="[1381,1429,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To resolve these conflicting results we studied the position of the dorsal, pelvic and anal fins relative to each other on radiographs of adult females of both species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E5E96F55F004FADF" box="[763,857,1374,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[156,1432,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photograph of Idiacanthus atlanticus ZMB 17723, 204 mm SL, holotype, Valdivia Expedition station 83, Walvis Ridge, W of Namibia (a). Radiograph of the same specimen (b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Figs. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369E3A0FFD3FFD3E4776F55F0DEFADF" box="[869,899,1374,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,311,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-83@10.[207,1379,309,1942]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Radiograph of female Idiacanthus fasciola CSIRO T833, Tasmania (a). Stylophthalmus paradoxus ZMB 17457, about 18 mm SL, Valdivia Expedition station 215, Bay of Bengal (b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7224068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7224068/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">4a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D0CA9EFFD3FFD3E4856F55F0B7FADF" box="[919,1002,1374,1400]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1140,1164]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency distribution of pelvic, dorsal and anal fin origins along the vertebral column in Idiacanthus fasciola and I. atlanticus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DAFADFFD7FFD7E7856E7FF216FB17" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF2DAFADFFD7FFD7E7856E7FF216FB17">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
clearly shows the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E7856F88F25AFA3B" box="[151,263,1410,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E7856F88F25AFA3B" box="[151,263,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. fasciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E62C6F88F29EFA3B" box="[318,451,1410,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E62C6F88F29EFA3B" box="[318,451,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the position of these three fins along the vertebral column and therefore confirms the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E6006FACF169FA67" authority="Brauer, 1906" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1906" box="[274,564,1446,1473]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E6006FACF2C5FA67" box="[274,408,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC382D4FFD3FFD3E68D6FACF169FA67" author="Brauer, A." box="[415,564,1446,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref8332" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia, " 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Part 1. Jena, Naumburg, pp. 1 - 432." type="book chapter" year="1906">Brauer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Notably, there was no overlap between the species in the position of all three fins. It is therefore possible to distinguish these two species by counting the number of vertebrae to the origins of these fins. This method circumvents the difficulty of obtaining a total vertebral count due to the small size and poor ossification of the posterior 5–10 vertebrae. Intraspecific variation in the position of these fins was smallest in the pelvic fin, amounting to 3–4 vertebrae, and largest in the dorsal fin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5284A6FFD3FFD3E4BC6C3CF769F9F7" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1906" box="[942,1076,1590,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Idiacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9262337FFD3FFD3E4BC6C3CF769F9F7" box="[942,1076,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reaching 7 vertebrae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D0CA9EFFD3FFD3E2256C3DF6D2F9F7" box="[1335,1423,1590,1616]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1140,1164]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Frequency distribution of pelvic, dorsal and anal fin origins along the vertebral column in Idiacanthus fasciola and I. atlanticus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DAFADFFD7FFD7E7856E7FF216FB17" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF2DAFADFFD7FFD7E7856E7FF216FB17">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Geographic variation appeared to be negligible (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D0CA9EFFD3FFD3E5D26C51F04BF9D3" box="[704,790,1626,1652]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts of dark lateral dots, myomeres and vertebrae, and fins’ origin along the vertebral column in Stylophthalmus paradoxus and species of Idiacanthus. N,S,E,W=North, South, East, West, respectively; IO=Indian Ocean; Pac=Pacific; Atl= Atlantic." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DAFADFFD6FFD6E7856A9CF154FF50" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF2DAFADFFD6FFD6E7856A9CF154FF50">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), but this should be confirmed with larger sample sizes. Comparison of the fin origins between the two species showed that while all three fins changed positions, the dorsal and anal fins shifted to a greater extent than the pelvic fins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |