treatments-xml/data/95/5B/87/955B87C9A156DD04FF22FF16F1BD2C57.xml
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<document id="A6DB03EBA3549813C2D4B16937EB199A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284237" ID-ZooBank="E98CE6DF-AF3B-4AAA-95CB-8ACD615C9FCC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460649558648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. &amp; Zibrowius, Helmut" docDate="2013" docId="955B87C9A156DD04FF22FF16F1BD2C57" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stenohelia Kent 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6962FFB1A175DD27FFB5FF81F2432F5F" masterDocTitle="Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698337733500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7025CDE4C57976298908F7742558CEFB">Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D2691B3A9A4C6B7FC3236340568CA10">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C3633C1A6F9766E755A72FFC75C9C6E">Zibrowius, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="901FB7B5228B1237579A928B594A5AAB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8C007E35AB1D0160CEF669C17534F45A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4E401DCBDE882C48C63D2996E05E43D6">3691</mods:number>
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<treatment id="955B87C9A156DD04FF22FF16F1BD2C57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:955B87C9A156DD04FF22FF16F1BD2C57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/955B87C9A156DD04FF22FF16F1BD2C57" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="55E86554A156DD04FF22FF16F3732E4C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA156DD04FF22FF16F3BF2FEE" blockId="35.[151,508,151,177]" box="[151,508,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="460581B3A156DD04FF22FF16F3BF2FEE" bold="true" box="[151,508,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF22FF16F3BF2FEE" bold="true" box="[151,508,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA156DD04FF58FF16F3BF2FEE" ID-CoL="7Q2TL" authority="Kent, 1870" authorityName="Kent" authorityYear="1870" box="[237,508,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF58FF16F32F2FEE" bold="true" box="[237,364,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stenohelia</emphasis>
Kent, 1870
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA156DD04FF22FF5EF3732E4C" blockId="35.[151,1436,222,275]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA156DD04FF22FF5EF3E92FAB" authority="Kent, 1871: 121" authorityName="Kent" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,426,222,245]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF22FF5EF3422FAA" box="[151,257,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stenohelia</emphasis>
Kent, 1871: 121
</taxonomicName>
.—Boschma, 1956a: F100.—Cairns, 1983b: 486487; 1986a, 94; 1986b: 19; 1991: 70; 1992: 540 541 (key).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA156DD04FF22FEC1F6EA2E08" blockId="35.[151,1436,319,776]" box="[151,1193,319,344]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF22FEC1F3752E07" bold="true" box="[151,310,319,344]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="C249887DA156DD04FF22FEC1F2912E07" box="[151,210,320,344]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
Species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA156DD04FE88FEC1F0912E08" authority="Johnson, 1862" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1862" box="[317,722,319,344]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maderensis">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FE88FEC1F0642E07" box="[317,551,320,344]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Allopora maderensis</emphasis>
Johnson, 1862
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (Broch 1936).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55E86554A156DD04FF72FEE2F7592D6F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA156DD04FF72FEE2F7592D6F" blockId="35.[151,1436,319,776]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF72FEE2F3022E23" bold="true" box="[199,321,355,380]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colonies uniplanar and usually quite delicate, often living in association with commensal polynoid polychaetes. Coenosteal texture usually linear-imbricate, reticulate-imbricate, or finely imbricate; usually white or yellow in colour. Gastro- and dactylopores arranged in cyclosystems, which occur exclusively on anterior branch faces. Gastropore tubes usually elongate and curved 90°, such that the gastrostyle tip cannot be seen in surface view. Gastrostyle encircled by a ring palisade or a sphincter. Dactylostyles usually well developed, although some species have dactyloglossae instead. Ampullae superficial, often clustered, with discrete efferent pores.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A156DD04FF72FDBAF1BD2C57" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA156DD04FF72FDBAF3342DBB" blockId="35.[151,1436,319,776]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF72FDBAF30F2D0B" bold="true" box="[199,332,571,596]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Discussion.</emphasis>
Ten valid Recent species are recognized in the genus and another putative fossil species from the Eocene of
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA156DD04FEA6FDE0F31B2D26" box="[275,344,609,633]" name="Tonga" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tonga</collectingCountry>
(see Cairns 1991; Cairns et al. 1999; Appeltans et al. 2012). Representatives of all but two of these species (the Japanese species
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA156DD04FD96FD04F03F2DC3" box="[547,636,644,668]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stenohelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yabei">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FD96FD04F03F2DC3" box="[547,636,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. yabei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA156DD04FD07FD04F16D2DC3" box="[690,814,644,668]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Spinipora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FD07FD04F16D2DC3" box="[690,814,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. echinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were examined for comparisons. The two new species described below bring the total to 12 Recent species in this genus, including the second and third southern hemisphere species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA156DD04FF72FD71F1BD2C57" blockId="35.[151,1436,319,776]" box="[199,1022,751,776]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA156DD04FF72FD71F3952C57" bold="true" box="[199,470,751,776]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Holocene Distribution.</emphasis>
Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans,
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.
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</treatment>
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