529 lines
69 KiB
XML
529 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="80465B691E90680F611D50DFB80B8DE9" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00540.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10114782" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630455327712" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rothe, Nina, Gooday, Andrew J., Cedhagen, Tomas, Fahrni, José, Hughes, J. Alan, Page, Anton, Pearce, Richard B. & Pawlowski, Jan" docDate="2009" docId="03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2009.00540.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00540.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gromia marmorea Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski 2009, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="458" masterDocId="FFCF5469FFF36F526577D859FFAEFFC9" masterDocTitle="Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica" masterLastPageNumber="469" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1700040388133" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="82A817B00BADC2F066EC316D23731E3A">Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C75BA48EFD39197CAA359C42FE6378B5">Rothe, Nina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B5D8A0BD7A09E35287C1C49E10D51F2">Gooday, Andrew J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D20499CB0C97569AA456A4848B71F3C">Cedhagen, Tomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DB9068CBFF5063076190F3425C6EE22">Fahrni, José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EE238D8608AD9D6ACAA2AA3F9B3907C">Hughes, J. Alan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A01D507E5E478475DF5FE50D5FC957B">Page, Anton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00236905C030C177D764BE8ABC188FAE">Pearce, Richard B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8303ADFB723343CEAAED27BADE65280E">Pawlowski, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EFF99CD806F9E884CB186FAAA480EE02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="170A0F2CD8220F8EEF3B58D1421D7E09">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FB469B57451C62185DFD35D81718A1E8">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BE51A5CF3F76874338C972CE4248548B">2009-10-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="72386B8AF0647F1089B082BE087C5E00">157</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="74B4A87FE08EAB17E008E7F81C66A50F">451</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="A4F0097A43312EBA748B0050827C348B">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00540.x</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF48E2F4BCFA6187B311991DF0D19817">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1F071AB436943AC267BCBBB35771E26A" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00540.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD254C85F77466570CE03F67DCA32A98" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="53791DE677CCE7D7C7364B755683B83E" type="Zenodo-Dep">10114782</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<subSubSection id="C345CE8CFFF76F56661CD94AFAE6FEE0" box="[875,1352,275,297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF76F56661CD94AFAE6FEE0" blockId="4.[875,1352,275,297]" box="[875,1352,275,297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<heading id="D0A82A6BFFF76F56661CD94AFAE6FEE0" box="[875,1352,275,297]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF76F56661CD94AFBF9FEE1" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[875,1111,275,296]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="466" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">GROMIA MARMOREA</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566115D94FFB69FEE1" bold="true" box="[1122,1223,275,296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF76F566115D94FFB69FEE1" box="[1122,1223,275,296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13648182FFF76F5661AED94AFAEEFEE0" box="[1241,1344,275,297]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionStartId-1="5.[164,243,1268,1287]" captionStartId-2="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1444,196,1238]" captionTargetBox-2="[177,1389,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." captionText-1="Figure 3. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A, B, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of wall consisting of multiple layers. C, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of ‘honeycomb membrane’ layer. D, detail of (C)." captionText-2="Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132767" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10132767/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">FIGS 2–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C345CE8CFFF76F5A6651D963FE13FD82" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF76F566651D963FBEAFDCE" blockId="4.[806,1421,314,519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566651D963FC33FE86" box="[806,925,314,335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF76F56615AD963FB2AFE86" authorityName="DUJARDIN" authorityYear="1835" box="[1069,1156,314,335]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F56615AD963FB2AFE86" box="[1069,1156,314,335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gromia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a rounded test, which is spherical, to droplet-shaped, to ovoid in shape; diameter 1.0–
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<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF76F566162D92EFBC2FE45" box="[1045,1132,375,396]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
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, length: width ratio 0.6– 1.9. Overall colour in fresh specimens, greenish with silvery patches, giving marble-like mottling of wall; preserved specimens, brown. Single, prominent, mound-like oral capsule.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF76F566651DA74FB46FCBD" blockId="4.[806,1422,556,884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566651DA74FB25FD88" box="[806,1163,556,578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Type material and locality:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B37975AFFF76F5661D3DA75FB4AFCBD" collectingDate="2005-03-16" collectionCode="RV, SMF" county="Frankfurt am Main. The" elevation="1584" latitude="-62.7825" location="The" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-53.028667" municipality="Natural History Museum Senckenberg" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" specimenCode="XXVII 7398, XXVII 7399" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="8E80CBDCFFF76F5661D3DA75FB7EFD8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82:8E80CBDCFFF76F5661D3DA75FB7EFD8B" box="[1188,1232,556,578]" county="Frankfurt am Main. The" latitude="-62.7825" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-53.028667" municipality="Natural History Museum Senckenberg" name="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">The</location>
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<typeStatus id="54E423A5FFF76F56619EDA75FAE4FD8B" box="[1257,1354,556,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="54E423A5FFF76F566651DA12FC39FDA9" box="[806,919,587,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are from an EBS deployment at
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<collectionCode id="ED4E05C2FFF76F56601DDA12FA23FDA9" box="[1386,1421,587,608]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">RV</collectionCode>
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<location id="8E80CBDCFFF76F566651DA30FBADFDB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82:8E80CBDCFFF76F566651DA30FBADFDB6" box="[806,1027,617,639]" county="Frankfurt am Main. The" latitude="-62.7825" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-53.028667" municipality="Natural History Museum Senckenberg" name="Polarstern station" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566651DA30FC32FDB7" box="[806,924,617,638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Polarstern</emphasis>
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station
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</location>
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133#2,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6BFBC0FFF76F566108DA30FB56FDB7" box="[1151,1272,616,639]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="46.95" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="-62.7825">
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62°46.95
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<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566196DA31FB49FDB6" box="[1249,1255,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">′</emphasis>
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S
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6BFBC0FFF76F566061DA30FA24FDB6" box="[1302,1418,616,639]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="1.72" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="-53.028667">
|
||
53°1.72
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<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F56601CDA31FADFFDB6" box="[1387,1393,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">′</emphasis>
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||
W
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</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF76F566651DAD1FCD4FD54" box="[806,890,648,670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.584" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="m" value="1584.0">
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<elevation id="00727A34FFF76F566651DAD1FCD4FD54" box="[806,890,648,670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.584" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="m" value="1584.0">1584 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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water depth,
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<date id="FFE1BBC7FFF76F56616EDAD1FB72FD57" box="[1049,1244,648,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="2005-03-16">
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<collectingDate id="EFA5422FFFF76F56616EDAD1FB72FD57" box="[1049,1244,648,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="2005-03-16">16th March 2005</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(
|
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<tableCitation id="C6DDA8BCFFF76F56619DDAD1FA93FD57" box="[1258,1341,648,670]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Weddell Sea sample stations, gear, depth, number of examined specimens, position, and environmental data" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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<location id="8E80CBDCFFF76F566023DAD1FA23FD57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82:8E80CBDCFFF76F566023DAD1FA23FD57" box="[1364,1421,648,670]" county="Frankfurt am Main. The" latitude="-62.7825" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-53.028667" municipality="Natural History Museum Senckenberg" name="They" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">They</location>
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||
are deposited at the
|
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<location id="8E80CBDCFFF76F56616BDAFFFB5DFD75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F62C11FFF76F5A661CD94AFE13FD82:8E80CBDCFFF76F56616BDAFFFB5DFD75" box="[1052,1267,678,700]" county="Frankfurt am Main. The" latitude="-62.7825" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-53.028667" municipality="Natural History Museum Senckenberg" name="Research Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Research Institute</location>
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||
and
|
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B84077DFFF76F566045DAFFFB22FD12" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Natural History Museum Senckenberg</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6281E58BFFF76F5661EBDA9CFCFCFD33" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Frankfurt am Main. The</collectingCounty>
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<typeStatus id="54E423A5FFF76F56662EDABDFC14FD33" box="[857,954,740,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is catalogued under reg. no.
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<collectionCode id="ED4E05C2FFF76F566071DABDFA93FD30" box="[1286,1341,740,761]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">SMF</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="DBF9357CFFF76F566033DABDFCCEFCDE" collectionCode="XXVII" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">XXVII 7398</specimenCode>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="54E423A5FFF76F5666DDDB5AFBB5FCD1" box="[938,1051,771,792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are catalogued under reg. no.
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<collectionCode id="ED4E05C2FFF76F566651DB78FCF3FCFF" box="[806,861,801,822]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF9357CFFF76F566612DB78FC41FCFF" box="[869,1007,801,822]" collectionCode="XXVII" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">XXVII 7399</specimenCode>
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. The type specimens were extracted from
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566614DB19FCDFFC9C" box="[867,881,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">></emphasis>
|
||
300-Mm residue and are preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution buffered with borax
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF20CD8FFFF76F5665E7DF5AFB04F8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" startId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" targetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF76F5665E7DF5AFB04F8A7" blockId="4.[144,1422,1795,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F5665E7DF5AFDEDF8DF" bold="true" box="[144,579,1795,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF76F566473DF5AFE4EF8DF" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[260,480,1795,1814]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF76F566473DF5AFE4EF8DF" bold="true" box="[260,480,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gromia marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF76F56649EDF5AFDEDF8DF" box="[489,579,1795,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF20CD8FFFF66F5765D3DCADFA0CFAED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10132767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132767/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" startId="5.[164,243,1268,1287]" targetBox="[164,1444,196,1238]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF66F5765D3DCADFA0CFAED" blockId="5.[164,1442,1268,1317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F5765D3DCADFDF4FACE" bold="true" box="[164,602,1268,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF66F57646EDCADFE5BFACE" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[281,501,1268,1287]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F57646EDCADFE5BFACE" bold="true" box="[281,501,1268,1287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Gromia marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF66F576777DCADFDF4FACE" box="[512,602,1268,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, B, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of wall consisting of multiple layers. C, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of ‘honeycomb membrane’ layer. D, detail of (C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF66F5765D3DD24FEFDFA7B" blockId="5.[164,779,1405,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F5765D3DD24FE38FA5B" box="[164,406,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Additional material:</emphasis>
|
||
Station 133#2: approximately
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59568EFFF66F5765D3DDC5FEFEFA7B" box="[164,336,1436,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="generic">130 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF66F5765D3DDBBFE71F9FC" blockId="5.[164,779,1505,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F5765D3DDBBFE37FA3E" box="[164,409,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Derivation of name:</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F5767F4DDBBFCAAFA3E" box="[643,772,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">marmoreus</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning ‘like marble’, alluding to the marbled pattern of the test surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF66F5765D3DE3DFBAAF9A3" blockId="5.[164,779,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[826,1441,1405,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F5765D3DE3DFE3CF9B3" box="[164,402,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Overall appearance:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59568EFFF66F576497DE3DFD3EF9B3" box="[480,656,1636,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="generic">130 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
range in length from 1.0 to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF66F5764F4DEDAFE76F951" box="[387,472,1667,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean 1.9 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF66F576705DEDAFD64F951" box="[626,714,1667,1688]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF66F576425DEF8FDB9F97E" box="[338,535,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8 to 3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width (mean 1.7 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF66F576594DE99FE95F91C" box="[227,315,1728,1749]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The length: width ratio varies from 0.6 to 1.9 (mean 1.1 ± 1.0). They vary from nearly spherical, to droplet-shaped, to ovoid in lateral outline. Ovoid specimens are widest behind the midpoint, with a rounded posterior end, and a narrower anterior end terminating in the oral capsule. The degree to which the test narrows towards the aperture varies between specimens, giving rise to the different morphologies. Freshly collected, unfixed specimens were greenish-grey, sometimes with silvery, shiny patches giving the test a mottled appearance. After formalin fixation, specimens were predominantly brown in colour, although the mottling persisted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF66F5766C3DE0DFC59F9A3" box="[948,1015,1620,1642]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF66F55664DDEF8FB9AFCB2" blockId="5.[826,1441,1697,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[164,1076,871,891]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF66F57664DDEF8FC7BF97F" box="[826,981,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Oral capsule:</emphasis>
|
||
The single oral capsule is a very distinct, golden brownish-coloured structure, and is roughly circular in plan view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF66F5761E0DE87FB5FF93D" box="[1175,1265,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF66F576189DE86FA8FF93C" box="[1278,1313,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view it appears as a broad, mound-like structure, and is penetrated by a central canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF66F576195DF45FA97F8FB" box="[1250,1337,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the ovoid- and droplet-shaped specimens, the oral capsule is located at the narrower end of the test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF66F576048DF00FA3AF8A6" box="[1343,1428,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sediment data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFF46F5564F4DB31FDA4FCB3" author="Howe JA" box="[387,522,871,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="196 - 206" refId="ref10408" refString="Howe JA. 2006. Recent sedimentation and geochemistry across the Northern Weddell Sea and adjacent deep-water regions, Antarctica. In: Fahrbach E, ed. The expedition ANTARKTIS-XXII / 3 of the Research vessel ' Polarstern' in 2005. Berichte zur Polar-und Meeresforschung 533: 196 - 206." type="journal article" year="2006">Howe (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFF46F556760DB31FCDBFCB2" author="Howe JA & Shimmield TM & Diaz R" box="[535,885,871,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="1489 - 1514" refId="ref10460" refString="Howe JA, Shimmield TM, Diaz R. 2004. Deep-water sedimentary environments of the northwestern Weddell Sea and South Sandwich Islands, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 51: 1489 - 1514." type="journal article" year="2004">Howe, Shimmield & Diaz (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFF46F5566C5DB3EFB9EFCB2" author="Diaz RJ" box="[946,1072,871,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="1515 - 1532" refId="ref9794" refString="Diaz RJ. 2004. Biological and physical processes structuring the deep-sea surface sediments in the Scotia and Weddell Seas, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 51: 1515 - 1532." type="journal article" year="2004">Diaz (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF20CD8FFFF56F5465E7DEBCFC31F8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10132769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" startId="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" targetBox="[177,1389,197,1733]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF56F5465E7DEBCFC31F8A7" blockId="6.[144,1422,1765,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF56F5465E7DEBCFDEAF930" bold="true" box="[144,580,1765,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF56F546473DEBCFE4EF930" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[260,480,1765,1785]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF56F546473DEBCFE4EF930" bold="true" box="[260,480,1765,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Gromia marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF56F54649DDEBFFDEAF930" box="[490,580,1766,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF20CD8FFFF46F5565D3D891FA39FF12" box="[164,1431,200,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" startId="7.[164,228,200,219]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F5565D3D891FA39FF12" blockId="7.[164,1431,200,219]" box="[164,1431,200,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5565D3D891FF50FF12" bold="true" box="[164,254,200,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Weddell Sea sample stations, gear, depth, number of examined specimens, position, and environmental data
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F55663DD95BFA32FC89" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<table id="F95F6FA7FFF490AD65D3D95BFA0FFC89" box="[164,1441,258,832]" gridcols="9" gridrows="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D95BFA0FFEDC" box="[164,1441,258,277]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DD95BFC63FEDC" box="[842,973,258,277]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Approx.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D946FA0FFEFB" box="[164,1441,287,306]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9D946FDE5FEFB" box="[446,587,287,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Number of</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DD946FC63FEFB" box="[842,973,287,306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">bottom</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D965FA0FFE86" box="[164,1441,316,335]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD65D3D965FF5FFE86" box="[164,241,316,335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Station</th>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472D965FEFDFE86" box="[261,339,316,335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Sample</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD641ED965FE04FE86" box="[361,426,316,335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9D965FDE5FE86" box="[446,587,316,335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">specimens</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DD965FC63FE86" box="[842,973,316,335]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">temperature</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6695D965FB9FFE86" box="[994,1073,316,335]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Bottom</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D900FA0FFEA4" box="[164,1441,345,365]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD65D3D900FF5FFEA4" box="[164,241,345,365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">No.</th>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472D900FEFDFEA4" box="[261,339,345,365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">gear</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD641ED900FE04FEA4" box="[361,426,345,365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">(m)</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9D900FDE5FEA4" box="[446,587,345,365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">per species</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6717D900FD6EFEA4" box="[608,704,345,365]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">°S</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD67A2D900FC98FEA4" box="[725,822,345,365]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">°W</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DD900FC63FEA4" box="[842,973,345,365]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">(°C)</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6695D900FB9FFEA4" box="[994,1073,345,365]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">salinity</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131D900FA0FFEA4" box="[1094,1441,345,365]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Sediment type</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D9CBFA0FFE6E" box="[164,1441,402,423]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD65D3D9CBFF5FFE6E" box="[164,241,402,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">133#2</th>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472D9CBFEFDFE6E" box="[261,339,402,423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">EBS</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD641ED9CBFE04FE6E" box="[361,426,402,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">1584</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9D9CBFDE5FE6E" box="[446,587,402,423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">~700</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6717D9CBFD6EFE6E" box="[608,704,402,423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
69°46.49
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5567CDD9CBFD6EFE6F" box="[698,704,402,422]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD67A2D9CBFC98FE6E" box="[725,822,402,423]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
53°3.50
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556654D9CBFC87FE6F" box="[803,809,402,422]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DD9CBFC63FE6E" box="[842,973,402,423]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6695D9CBFB9FFE6E" box="[994,1073,402,423]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">34.67</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131D9CBFA0FFE6E" box="[1094,1441,402,423]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Greenish grey silty sand,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D9E9FA0FFE0D" box="[164,1441,432,452]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9D9E9FDE5FE0D" box="[446,587,432,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5564C9D9E8FDE5FE0A" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[446,587,433,452]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="marmorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5564C9D9E8FDE5FE0A" box="[446,587,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131D9E9FA0FFE0D" box="[1094,1441,432,452]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">moderate bioturbation,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D997FA0FFE28" box="[164,1441,462,481]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131D997FA0FFE28" box="[1094,1441,462,481]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">scattered Mn-coated</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3D9B2FA0FFE37" box="[164,1441,491,510]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131D9B2FA0FFE37" box="[1094,1441,491,510]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">dropstones, poorly sorted clay</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DA5EFA0FFDD2" box="[164,1441,519,539]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD65D3DA5EFF5FFDD2" box="[164,241,519,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">80#9</th>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472DA5EFEFDFDD2" box="[261,339,519,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">EBS</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD641EDA5EFE04FDD2" box="[361,426,519,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">3103</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9DA5EFDE5FDD2" box="[446,587,519,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6717DA5EFD6EFDD2" box="[608,704,519,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
70°39.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5567CDDA5EFD6EFDD2" box="[698,704,519,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD67A2DA5EFC98FDD2" box="[725,822,519,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
14°43.36
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556647DA5EFC98FDD2" box="[816,822,519,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DDA5EFC63FDD2" box="[842,973,519,539]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6695DA5EFB9FFDD2" box="[994,1073,519,539]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">34.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DA5EFA0FFDD2" box="[1094,1441,519,539]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Olive-grey sandy mud,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DA7CFA0FFDF0" box="[164,1441,549,569]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9DA7CFDE5FDF0" box="[446,587,549,569]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5564C9DA7FFD9CFDF1" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[446,562,549,569]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="melinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5564C9DA7FFD9CFDF1" box="[446,562,549,569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. melinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DA7CFA0FFDF0" box="[1094,1441,549,569]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">hemipelagite, intensely</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DA1AFA0FFD9F" box="[164,1441,579,598]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DA1AFA0FFD9F" box="[1094,1441,579,598]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">bioturbated, foraminiferal-rich</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DA06FA0FFDBA" box="[164,1441,607,627]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD65D3DA06FF5FFDBA" box="[164,241,607,627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">81#8</th>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472DA06FEFDFDBA" box="[261,339,607,627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">EBS</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD641EDA06FE04FDBA" box="[361,426,607,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">4392</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9DA06FDE5FDBA" box="[446,587,607,627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6717DA06FD6EFDBA" box="[608,704,607,627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
70°32.02
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5567CDDA06FD6EFDBA" box="[698,704,607,627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD67A2DA06FC98FDBA" box="[725,822,607,627]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
14°35.05
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556647DA06FC98FDBA" box="[816,822,607,627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DDA06FC63FDBA" box="[842,973,607,627]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-0.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6695DA06FB9FFDBA" box="[994,1073,607,627]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">34.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DA06FA0FFDBA" box="[1094,1441,607,627]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Olive-grey sandy mud, very</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DA24FA0FFD58" box="[164,1441,637,657]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9DA24FDE5FD58" box="[446,587,637,657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5564C9DA27FD9CFD59" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[446,562,637,657]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="melinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5564C9DA27FD9CFD59" box="[446,562,637,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. melinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DA24FA0FFD58" box="[1094,1441,637,657]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">poorly sorted, abundant</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DAC2FA0FFD67" box="[164,1441,667,686]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DAC2FA0FFD67" box="[1094,1441,667,686]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Mn-coated clasts,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DAE1FA0FFD02" box="[164,1441,696,715]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DAE1FA0FFD02" box="[1094,1441,696,715]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">hemipelagite, and contourites</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DA8DFA0FFD20" box="[164,1441,724,745]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<th id="76BEF639FFF490AD65D3DA8DFF5FFD20" box="[164,241,724,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">121#7</th>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472DA8DFEFDFD20" box="[261,339,724,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">EBS,</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD641EDA8DFE04FD20" box="[361,426,724,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">~2600</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9DA8DFDE5FD20" box="[446,587,724,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">36</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6717DA8DFD6EFD20" box="[608,704,724,745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
63°37.43
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5567CDDA8DFD6EFD21" box="[698,704,724,744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD67A2DA8DFC98FD20" box="[725,822,724,745]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
50°45.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556659DA8DFC9AFD21" box="[814,820,724,744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">′</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD663DDA8DFC63FD20" box="[842,973,724,745]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6695DA8DFB9FFD20" box="[994,1073,724,745]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">34.67</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DA8DFA0FFD20" box="[1094,1441,724,745]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Greenish grey silty sand,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DAABFA0FFCCF" box="[164,1441,754,774]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6472DAABFEFDFCCF" box="[261,339,754,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">AGT</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD64C9DAABFDE5FCCF" box="[446,587,754,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5564C9DAAAFDE8FCCC" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[446,582,755,774]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="winnetoui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5564C9DAAAFDE8FCCC" box="[446,582,755,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. winnetoui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DAABFA0FFCCF" box="[1094,1441,754,774]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">moderate bioturbation,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DB49FA0FFCEA" box="[164,1441,784,803]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DB49FA0FFCEA" box="[1094,1441,784,803]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">scattered Mn-coated</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356F9F45FFF490AD65D3DB74FA0FFC89" box="[164,1441,813,832]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76BEF639FFF490AD6131DB74FA0FFC89" box="[1094,1441,813,832]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">dropstones, poorly sorted clay</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F5565D3DBEEFDA0FB6D" blockId="7.[164,779,951,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
The height of the oral capsule (i.e. the distance it protrudes from the test surface) ranges from 100 to 600 Mm (mean 140 ± 100 Mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F55648EDBACFDA3FBC3" box="[505,525,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 129), and the diameter ranges from 200 to 800 Mm (mean 400 ± 100 Mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5565D3DC6BFF16FB8E" box="[164,184,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 129). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59568EFFF46F556444DC6BFE60FB81" box="[307,462,1074,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, a flaccid extension (up to a maximum length of 200 Mm), composed of organic material, protrudes from the central canal through the aperture opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F5564DCDCD4FDADFB6D" box="[427,515,1165,1188]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F5565D3DC8EFB83FB81" blockId="7.[164,779,1238,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[826,1441,951,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5565D3DC8EFEBBFB22" box="[164,277,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Test wall:</emphasis>
|
||
The test is delicate and tears easily. The organic wall appears featureless and smooth when viewed under a binocular microscope. It is usually partially translucent, sometimes with a milky appearance, and displays a characteristic marble-like pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F55647ADD36FE2DFA4C" box="[269,387,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[144,1423,954,1765]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A–D, reflected-light photographs of preserved specimens, from station 133#2, 1584-m depth. Photographed in water. A, holotype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7398, spherical morphotype. B, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, droplet-shaped morphotype. C, paratype, reg. no. SMF XXVII 7399, oval morphotype. D, detail of oral capsule. E, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of oral capsule. F, unfixed specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132765/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Viewed using SEM, the wall is composed of multiple layers, and each layer is a fraction of a micron thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F5564ABDDF5FDFFFA0B" box="[476,593,1452,1474]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1268,1287]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,196,1238]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A, B, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of wall consisting of multiple layers. C, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of ‘honeycomb membrane’ layer. D, detail of (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132767/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); TEM revealed the existence of an inner layer of honeycomb membranes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F556474DDB3FED2FA36" box="[259,380,1514,1536]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1268,1287]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,196,1238]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. A, B, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of wall consisting of multiple layers. C, transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of ‘honeycomb membrane’ layer. D, detail of (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132767/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cross section, the membranes appear as a series of very regular lines. The pores form openings on the test surface, ranging in diameter from ~0.3 to 3.1 Mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5564B9DE1FFE4CF992" box="[462,482,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 14; only clearly defined pores were measured;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F5564D0DE3DFE52F9B3" box="[423,508,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). They occur across the entire surface, but are usually less frequent around the aperture. In the illustrated specimen, their density increases from about one pore per 10 Mm
|
||
<superScript id="7C2A304FFFF46F55678BDEE7FCAAF903" attach="left" box="[764,772,1726,1738]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2</superScript>
|
||
, within 40 Mm of the aperture, to about 12 pores per 10 Mm
|
||
<superScript id="7C2A304FFFF46F55659DDEA2FF5CF8CE" attach="left" box="[234,242,1787,1799]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2</superScript>
|
||
, at ~250 Mm from the aperture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F556719DEA4FD76F8DA" box="[622,728,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4C, i</figureCitation>
|
||
–iv). Concurrently, the pore diameter tends to increase from ~0.3 Mm close to the oral capsule to about 3.1 Mm at a distance of ~250 Mm from the capsule. However, the density of pores also varies between specimens. In one of the four individuals investigated by SEM, the pores were smaller and less frequent than in the other specimens, and did not display the decrease in size described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F55664DDC2AFC0AFAB7" blockId="7.[826,1441,1139,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F55664DDC2AFC79FB41" box="[826,983,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Test contents:</emphasis>
|
||
The test contents are visible through the translucent test wall, and consist mainly of a densely packed mass of small, oval, and brownish stercomata (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F5566BADC97FB8AFB2C" box="[973,1060,1230,1253]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). These range from 6 to 22 Mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556635DCB7FCF8FACA" box="[834,854,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 140) in length, and from 3.7 to 20 Mm in width (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556635DD55FCF8FAE8" box="[834,854,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 140), and are characterized by a very smooth surface. Additional particles visible in SEM include possible mineral grains and sponge spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F556635DD3EFC36FAB7" box="[834,920,1383,1406]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Gromia marmorea sp. nov. scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. A, oral capsule (the arrow indicates the direction of the photograph sequence shown in panels Ci–Civ). B, perforations of the test surface. Ci–Civ, sequence of photographs over a distance of 250 Mm showing test pores (each pore is highlighted by a white circle), with the number of pores increasing with increasing distance from the aperture (from left to right); 4000¥ magnification. D, E, interior of broken specimen showing stercomata and other structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132769/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F55664DDDF1FA9DFA14" blockId="7.[826,1441,1448,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F55664DDDF1FC62FA74" box="[826,972,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Powell Basin, east of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, 1584-m depth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13648182FFF46F556194DD9EFA8DFA14" box="[1251,1315,1479,1501]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,223,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[143,1424,952,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-320@2.[144,1424,952,1765]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Stations sampled in the Weddell Sea during the RV Polarstern cruise, leg ANT-XXII/3, from 22nd January to 6th April, 2006. Filled circles indicate sample stations for Gromia marmorea sp. nov. (133#2) at 1584-m depth, Gromia winnetoui sp. nov. (121#7) at ~2600-m depth, and Gromia melinus sp. nov. (81#8 and 80#9) at 3101- and 4392-m depth, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10132761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE09D07FFF46F5A664DDE51FE13FD82" blockId="7.[826,1442,1544,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[144,759,198,587]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F55664DDE51FB23F9D7" box="[826,1165,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Remarks:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5566C3DE50FB23F9D7" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[948,1165,1545,1566]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">Gromia marmorea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF46F5561ECDE50FB59F9D7" box="[1179,1271,1545,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is by far the most abundant gromiid in the ANDEEP-III material. The new species encompasses a range of shapes, from spherical, to ovoid, to droplet-shaped, which are also exhibited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5566A2DEDAFAA2F950" authority="(Jepps, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Jepps" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[981,1292,1667,1689]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="oviformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5566A2DEDAFBCAF951" box="[981,1124,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. oviformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFF46F556100DEDAFAAAF950" author="Jepps MW" box="[1143,1284,1667,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="701 - 719" refId="ref10495" refString="Jepps MW. 1926. Contribution to the study of Gromia oviformis Dujardin. Quarternary Journal of Microscopical Science 70: 701 - 719." type="journal article" year="1926">Jepps, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it differs from the latter in the mottled appearance of the test wall and the dark-greenish, rather than lightbrownish, colour of fresh, live specimens. In addition, the organic test wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F556126DEA4FB44F8DA" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[1105,1258,1789,1811]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F556126DEA4FB44F8DA" box="[1105,1258,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF46F556184DEA4FAE4F8DB" box="[1267,1354,1789,1810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is very delicate, and tears easily.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F55611CDF45FAEEF8F8" authority="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009" authorityName="Rothe & Gooday & Cedhagen & Fahrni & Hughes & Page & Pearce & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[1131,1344,1820,1841]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F55611CDF45FAEEF8F8" box="[1131,1344,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Gromia marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A218FC6EFFF46F55603DDF45FA0CF8F8" box="[1354,1442,1820,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
ranges in length from 1.0 to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFF46F5561F1DF63FB73F899" box="[1158,1245,1850,1872]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and is therefore larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFF46F5566B8DF00FBC3F8A7" baseAuthorityName="Gooday & Bowser" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[975,1133,1881,1902]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5566B8DF00FBC3F8A7" box="[975,1133,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">G. pyriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFF46F5561F5DF00FB3EF8A7" box="[1154,1168,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458"><</emphasis>
|
||
1-mm long; Gooday & Bowser, 2005) and smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFFB6F5A677CD89FFD27FF12" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1892" box="[523,649,198,219]" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFFB6F5A677CD89FFD27FF12" box="[523,649,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">G. schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8–9-mm long;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFFB6F5A65B8D8BDFEC1FF33" author="Schulze MS" box="[207,367,228,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1872 - 1873" refId="ref11051" refString="Schulze MS. 1875. Gromia sp. Jahresbericht der Comm. zur wissenschaft. Unters. der deutschen Meere in Kiel 1872 - 1873." type="book chapter" year="1875">Schulze, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as being smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFFB6F5A67ABD8BCFF53FED1" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFFB6F5A67ABD8BCFF53FED1" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">G. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFFB6F5A6487D95AFDEEFED0" box="[496,576,259,281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFFB6F5A6723D95AFF65FEF1" author="Gooday AJ & Bowser SS & Bett BJ & Smith CR" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="55 - 73" refId="ref10049" refString="Gooday AJ, Bowser SS, Bett BJ, Smith CR. 2000. A large testate protist, Gromia sphaerica sp nov (Order Filosea), from the bathyal Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 47: 55 - 73." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Gooday
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFFB6F5A67CFD95DFD5EFED1" box="[696,752,259,281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Like most other gromiids, this new species has a single, large oral capsule rather than many small capsules scattered across the test, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFFB6F5A6711D906FE25FE5D" authority="(Gooday et al., 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Gooday" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFFB6F5A6711D906FD58FEBD" box="[614,758,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">G. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCEE0F6FFFB6F5A65E0D924FE2DFE5D" author="Gooday AJ & Bowser SS & Bett BJ & Smith CR" box="[151,387,381,404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="55 - 73" refId="ref10049" refString="Gooday AJ, Bowser SS, Bett BJ, Smith CR. 2000. A large testate protist, Gromia sphaerica sp nov (Order Filosea), from the bathyal Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 47: 55 - 73." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Gooday
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFFB6F5A658CD927FE9DFE5B" box="[251,307,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The capsule is a prominent, relatively low, broad, mound-like structure, and is larger (200–800 Mm in diameter) than in other Weddell Sea species. The test is perforated by numerous pores that have a minimum diameter of 0.3 Mm (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFFB6F5A65E0DA4EFF41FDE5" box="[151,239,535,556]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="nm" value="300.0">300 nm</quantity>
|
||
), compared with
|
||
<quantity id="4CA730E2FFFB6F5A64A4DA4EFDB4FDE5" box="[467,538,535,556]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="nm" value="73.0">73 nm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5FE684FFFB6F5A6722DA4EFE14FD82" authority="(Gooday & Bowser, 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Gooday & Bowser" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Filosia" family="Gromiidae" genus="Gromia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92B4115FFFB6F5A6722DA4EFD58FDE2" box="[597,758,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">G. pyriformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Gooday & Bowser, 2005)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |