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<mods:title id="C8A0FB460E5033C488981DB8E3F724B1">The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A3DFFB66ECB9C81B50F46FF" blockId="6.[151,636,1484,1510]" box="[151,636,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3DFFB66ECB9C81B50F46FF" bold="true" box="[151,636,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3DFFB66EAA9C81B50F46FF" ID-CoL="7NFY7" authority="Opresko, 2004" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[246,636,1484,1510]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Aphanipathidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66F9B9C81B50F46FF" author="Opresko" box="[455,636,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2004) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part IV. Establishment of a new family, Aphanipathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 78, 209 - 240." type="journal article" year="2004">Opresko, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A3DFFB66ECB9F5FB5B4441A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1554,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">
The family
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is characterized by polyps with six primary and four secondary mesenteries, that are
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in transverse diameter, and have tentacles that are all nearly of the same length when fully expanded (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66EC39F16B679456A" author="Bo" box="[159,266,1627,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Bo, M. (2008) Taxonomy and ecology of antipatharians. Universita Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, 212 pp." type="book" year="2008">Bo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3DFFB66F4A9F16B611456B" box="[278,354,1627,1650]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">France</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B933803C6A3DFFB66F369F11B6D0456A" box="[362,419,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66FA49F17B457456A" author="Opresko" box="[504,804,1626,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66D739F17B4A9456A" author="Opresko" box="[815,986,1626,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2004) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part IV. Establishment of a new family, Aphanipathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 78, 209 - 240." type="journal article" year="2004">Opresko, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the skeletal spines of the
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often penetrate through the soft tissues of polyps, have distinct tubercles, and are not usually bifurcated towards their apex (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66FA19FEEB51845A2" author="Bo" box="[509,619,1699,1723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Bo, M. (2008) Taxonomy and ecology of antipatharians. Universita Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, 212 pp." type="book" year="2008">Bo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3DFFB66C269FEEB5B545A3" box="[634,710,1699,1722]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">France</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B933803C6A3DFFB66C8D9FE9B47E45A2" box="[721,781,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66D359FEFB3EE45A2" author="Opresko" box="[873,1181,1698,1723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66AF19FEFB22845A2" author="Opresko" box="[1197,1371,1698,1723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2004) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part IV. Establishment of a new family, Aphanipathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 78, 209 - 240." type="journal article" year="2004">Opresko, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). The family
<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3DFFB66EB09F8BB6EE45C6" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[236,413,1734,1759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
has not been previously reported from
<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3DFFB66D299F8BB4A845C6" box="[885,987,1734,1759]" name="Bermuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3DFFB66DB39F8BB3BE45C6" author="Locke" box="[1007,1229,1734,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="373" refString="Locke, J. M., Coates, K. A. &amp; Bilewich, J. P. (2013) Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda's reefs and deepwater coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard, C. R. C. (Ed.), Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World. Vol. 4. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 189 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 5965 - 7 _ 14" type="book" year="2013">
Locke
<emphasis id="B933803C6A3DFFB66A1E9F8AB30C45C6" box="[1090,1151,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), and is therefore documented here from
<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3DFFB66FC79FA7B571441A" box="[411,514,1770,1795]" name="Bermuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="373">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
for the first time.
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