508 lines
73 KiB
XML
508 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="A208F279C16C1CF76414169A25534419" ID-CLB-Dataset="2768" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71bd0140-d33c-4d83-a7b3-65b7d0b50b2e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5826892" ID-ZooBank="0CE51AC4-E75F-43DE-B9F5-56247B75F394" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641539194574" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gustafsson, Daniel R., Adam, Costică & Zou, Fasheng" docDate="2022" docId="03AB87B6DF61EE0629F7257BFDE2FDCA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5087.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5087 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Picophilopterus Ansari 1947" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="405" masterDocId="FF92FFCEDF63EE0229602003FFF2FFAB" masterDocTitle="One new genus and three new species of the Penenirmus-complex (Phthiraptera Ischnocera) from China, with resurrection of Picophilopterus Ansari, 1947" masterLastPageNumber="426" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1699296608523" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="BA0D99D2E32E00CBF7BBBD5754257F39" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="68D0588AA3B363607F6AA5DE8A768CC4">
|
||
<mods:title id="379F216A34FA64C3E54A76006357B8EF">One new genus and three new species of the Penenirmus-complex (Phthiraptera Ischnocera) from China, with resurrection of Picophilopterus Ansari, 1947</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CE170924F051A32293084C024FF68903" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A90357DC6677D8424127A5914C745261">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B68992322680AEA6315964065E6E390B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E5923CC40E503DDE7FF7C481CB0C51C1">Gustafsson, Daniel R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B4C3DE2DBFB060A1DAF6B78BFED45AF7">Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="53806CE7656102A49703013B75B7DF30" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F5B7E7A74BAD974BCDA2F01C8E0A9A8A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="917E5008F05A25AFE97C464C154DAC7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5BBFA0A815FFB993C82925888A077628">Adam, Costică</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="FF76A10B1721943963356C2C82230498">“ Grigore Antipa ” National Museum of Natural History, Sos. Kiseleff no. 1, 011341 Bucharest, Romania.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B94AAADC2D942B45C425F64F61708DFE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="37728D72A304DF11E1B3A38F9054D7AF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5C39BD9CE7AE5521E6A0D724AEC25260">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C7A0E92C5CA08E994CA96557D404590B">Zou, Fasheng</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5AD4D6C2371025EB28A58681C7F7465C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8913-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="BE8633B8429A9A22FED0751046AF039F">Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8913 - 5651</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="536893587078316B78ADD154CBBB4B83">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="DA476B9A1210C7D3602EC30516761A41" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8F8C4D1C5552D26055F015BC9517ABDD">
|
||
<mods:title id="6C21ED2719D7F9EDD2B93AE82873F8A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BC05D9CF7DB8F46F269E30DA3EA8D71F">
|
||
<mods:date id="4100D9A3917BAE99525FCC0D1712CA03">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A65009637AB16AFBC9F9C4B61E5A0805" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="203AC3B7ECFD37156972383BB56B7A71">2022-01-07</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B0D13FF249B7F9F82756033962A646F0" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B1719E34E65D6B685A7D761060A3F7F6">5087</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="EEA6C896F27E75B0BAFE6B3EBA517EAB" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="DA952A2E35E1DF7DA076B3F6A84D184F">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1818BE0868019E8061F724B1AFB4986E" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E710616E322BDEB6265748B316D6B866">401</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C8BDA61B05D59D7FE5ACE8C3A084D40B">426</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="090D9A32D101B2F5D71F1E8422EAEA7B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B82F1D0B42B74724087FA3387B20D158" type="CLB-Dataset">2768</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="05EA6144C1EDFC16672C65D792EC480B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DE732D97716E88D8143C39C3AA64FFC8" type="GBIF-Dataset">71bd0140-d33c-4d83-a7b3-65b7d0b50b2e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1ECF47669B931CE078079C8BDB61BC60" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B4FB3300A8DEA6842B6D2676D8FA6939" type="Zenodo-Dep">5826892</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="86601F1154CE0267778836D4416E5CDA" type="ZooBank">0CE51AC4-E75F-43DE-B9F5-56247B75F394</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AB87B6DF61EE0629F7257BFDE2FDCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5827921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191928339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5827921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87B6DF61EE0629F7257BFDE2FDCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B6DF61EE0629F7257BFDE2FDCA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF61EE0029F7257BFE08FA39" box="[151,506,1400,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF61EE0029F7257BFE08FA39" blockId="2.[151,506,1400,1427]" box="[151,506,1400,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<heading id="D0F581CCDF61EE0029F7257BFE08FA39" bold="true" box="[151,506,1400,1427]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE0029F7257BFE08FA39" ID-CoL="8N7K9" authority="Ansari, 1947" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,506,1400,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0029F7257BFE08FA39" bold="true" box="[151,506,1400,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0029F7257BFEA4FA38" bold="true" box="[151,342,1400,1427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE00283C257BFE08FA39" author="Ansari, R. A. M." box="[348,506,1400,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="253 - 303" refId="ref9902" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1947) Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, India, 13, 253 - 303." type="journal article" year="1947">Ansari, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF61EE0029F725BEFA83FA7E" box="[151,1393,1469,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF61EE0029F725BEFA83FA7E" blockId="2.[151,1393,1469,1493]" box="[151,1393,1469,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0029F725BEFED4FA7E" bold="true" box="[151,294,1469,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B98802DF61EE0029F725BEFF3EFA7E" box="[151,204,1469,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE00284C25BEFD24FA7E" ID-CoL="4HQFR" authority="Ansari, 1947: 265" authorityName="Ansari" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1947" box="[300,726,1469,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuktola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE00284C25BEFDE8FA7E" box="[300,538,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus tuktola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE002B7F25BEFD24FA7E" author="Ansari, R. A. M." box="[543,726,1469,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="253 - 303" refId="ref9902" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1947) Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, India, 13, 253 - 303." type="journal article" year="1947">Ansari, 1947: 265</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002B9925BEFB91FA7E" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 571" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="571" authorityYear="1798" box="[761,1123,1469,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Pediculidae" genus="Pediculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002B9925BEFC7BFA7E" box="[761,905,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Pediculus pici</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE002AF025BEFB91FA7E" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[912,1123,1469,1493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="570 - 571" refId="ref11013" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Pediculus. In: Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft & Storch, Hafniae, pp. 570 - 571." type="book chapter" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 571</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] (by original designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF61EE0129F72600FC0FFE5E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF61EE0029F72600FEBBF82E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1539,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0029F72600FEE0F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1539,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
There are no good published illustrations to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002AEB2600FBCCF9B6" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[907,1086,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002AEB2600FBCCF9B6" box="[907,1086,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002DE32607FAFBF9B6" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[1155,1289,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002DE32607FAFBF9B6" box="[1155,1289,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphologically, especially regarding male genitalia, features of the head and its chaetotaxy. However, based on specimens available to us, the comparison between the two genera published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE002AC4264FFBD8F9CE" author="Mey, E." box="[932,1066,1611,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref11920" refString="Mey, E. (1992) Uber einen Grauspecht-Federling aus dem Thuringer Wald und seine systematische Zugehorigkeit. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 36, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Mey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the redescription of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B98802DF61EE002C0C264FFA6EF9CD" box="[1388,1436,1612,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE00286C2673FE60F922" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[268,402,1648,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE00286C2673FE60F922" box="[268,402,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE0028DB266CFD69F922" author="Sychra, O. & Kounek, F. & Papousek, I. & Capek, M. & Cardenas-Callirgos, J. M. & Franco, S. & Literak, I." box="[443,667,1647,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref12388" refString="Sychra, O., Kounek, F., Papousek, I., Capek, M., Cardenas-Callirgos, J. M., Franco, S. & Literak, I. (2014) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Sychra
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002B6F2673FDB2F922" box="[527,576,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, these genera can be separated by the following characters: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002C3B2673FF17F906" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002C3B2673FF17F906" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the ventral horns (VH in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF61EE002B5F2690FD6DF906" box="[575,671,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[169,1419,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Genitalia. 5, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., dorsal view. 6, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. 7, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, dorsal view. 8, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, ventral view. 9, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. Abbreviations: pst1–2—parameral setae 1–2; VH—ventral horns of endomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 6, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the male endomere, which are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002DF12690FAB6F906" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[1169,1348,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002DF12690FAB6F906" box="[1169,1348,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“sharp pointed lateral projection” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE00288326B4FD5CF97A" author="Carriker, M. A. Jr." box="[483,686,1719,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="5 - 42" refId="ref10238" refString="Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1963) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part II). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 23 (64), 5 - 42." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker 1963: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; “endomeralen Skleritpaar” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE002D6B26BBFB5FF979" author="Mey, E." box="[1035,1197,1719,1746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref11920" refString="Mey, E. (1992) Uber einen Grauspecht-Federling aus dem Thuringer Wald und seine systematische Zugehorigkeit. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 36, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Mey 1992: 50</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002D8926B4FA6EF97A" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[1257,1436,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002D8926B4FA6EF97A" box="[1257,1436,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the dorsal postantennal suture, but is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002B8C26DFFC80F95E" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[748,882,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002B8C26DFFC80F95E" box="[748,882,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF61EE002AE126D8FC1AF95E" box="[897,1000,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[242,1338,185,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[234,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3–4. Male head, dorsal and ventral views. 3, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 4, Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior. Abbreviations: ads—anterior dorsal seta; as1–3—anterior setae 1–3; avs3—anterior ventral seta 3; mts1–3—marginal temporal setae 1–3; pns—postnodal seta; s3–4—sensilla 3–4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
); (3) the antero-median indentations of the tergopleurites present in at least some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002B072703FD1FF8B2" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[615,749,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002B072703FD1FF8B2" box="[615,749,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002AEF26FCFBB0F8B2" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[911,1090,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002AEF26FCFBB0F8B2" box="[911,1090,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF61EE002D3026FCFB47F8B2" box="[1104,1205,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1406,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 1, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views 1a, ventral view distal leg I. 1b, ventral view of distal leg II. 1c, ventral view of distal leg III. 2, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.Abbreviations: hs—hyaline seta (white); sts—sternal setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (4) at least the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B98802DF61EE002C0C2703FA6EF8B1" box="[1388,1436,1792,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE0029D62727FECEF896" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[182,316,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0029D62727FECEF896" box="[182,316,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has multiple
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0028B42727FE00F896" box="[468,498,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sts</emphasis>
|
||
on each of segments II–VI, but species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE002AB52720FB7AF896" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[981,1160,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002AB52720FB7AF896" box="[981,1160,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally only have one
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0029F7274BFF47F8CA" box="[151,181,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sts</emphasis>
|
||
on each side, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF61EE0028A82744FC4AF8C9" authority="(Eichler, 1953a)" baseAuthorityName="Eichler" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[456,952,1863,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campephili">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE0028A82744FD0FF8CA" box="[456,765,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Picophilopterus campephili</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE002A6B2744FC42F8C9" author="Eichler, W." box="[779,944,1863,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref10818" refString="Eichler, W. (1953 a) Mallophagen-Synopsis. XXIV. Genus Penenirmus (incl. Picophilopterus). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 150, 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1953">Eichler, 1953a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has two
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF61EE002D2A274BFB9AF8CA" box="[1098,1128,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sts</emphasis>
|
||
on each side (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE002C512744FF21F82E" author="Dalgleish, R. C." pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 7–8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF61EE0129A7278CFBCDFEB6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1539,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF61EE0029A7278CFE87F801" author="Carriker, M. A. Jr." box="[199,373,1935,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="5 - 42" refId="ref10238" refString="Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1963) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part II). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 23 (64), 5 - 42." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the structure of the preantennal head and the number and lengths of the abdominal setae would separate these genera; however, even between species where the head shape differs significantly, the structure and chaetotaxy appear to be largely the same, and the numbers of dorsal abdominal setae appear to overlap among species of the two genera. The ventral “elongated lateral sclerites bearing three minute, spine-like setae” mentioned as a generic character for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012BEE20B8FCB3FF7E" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[654,833,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012BEE20B8FCB3FF7E" box="[654,833,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012A0F20B8FBBFFF7E" author="Carriker, M. A. Jr." box="[879,1101,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="5 - 42" refId="ref10238" refString="Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1963) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part II). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 23 (64), 5 - 42." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker (1963: 33)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differ only in shape between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0129F720DCFEB8FF52" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,330,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129F720DCFEB8FF52" box="[151,330,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0128E020DCFDF4FF53" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[384,518,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128E020DCFDF4FF53" box="[384,518,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[compare our illustrations with those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012AAA20DCFB5EFF52" author="Sychra, O. & Kounek, F. & Papousek, I. & Capek, M. & Cardenas-Callirgos, J. M. & Franco, S. & Literak, I." box="[970,1196,222,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref12388" refString="Sychra, O., Kounek, F., Papousek, I., Capek, M., Cardenas-Callirgos, J. M., Franco, S. & Literak, I. (2014) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Sychra
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D7F20DCFBBDFF52" box="[1055,1103,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], and the shape of the “three minute, spine-like setae” is different even among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012AE52100FBCAFEB6" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[901,1080,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012AE52100FBCAFEB6" box="[901,1080,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A72124FC0FFE5E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE0129A72124FEBCFEEA" author="Mey, E." box="[199,334,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref11920" refString="Mey, E. (1992) Uber einen Grauspecht-Federling aus dem Thuringer Wald und seine systematische Zugehorigkeit. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 36, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Mey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the shape of the ventral carina separates these genera, but this is not the case for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0129F72148FE49FECE" authority="Gustafsson & Adam & Zou, 2022" authorityName="Gustafsson & Adam & Zou" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,443,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blythipici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129F72148FE49FECE" box="[151,443,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus blythipici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128A22148FDF2FECE" bold="true" box="[450,512,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557C9DF60EE0128A22148FDF2FECE" box="[450,512,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or for the specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012A702148FB99FECE" box="[784,1131,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012A702148FC01FECF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[784,1011,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pici">Picophilopterus pici</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557C9DF60EE012A9A2148FB99FECE" box="[1018,1131,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we have examined. Differences in the size and shape of the coni suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012B81216CFC94FE22" author="Mey, E." box="[737,870,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref11920" refString="Mey, E. (1992) Uber einen Grauspecht-Federling aus dem Thuringer Wald und seine systematische Zugehorigkeit. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 36, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Mey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
may be more useful, but we have not seen enough species of either genus to evaluate this feature adequately.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012A462190FC58FE06" author="Mey, E." box="[806,938,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref11920" refString="Mey, E. (1992) Uber einen Grauspecht-Federling aus dem Thuringer Wald und seine systematische Zugehorigkeit. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 36, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Mey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also suggested that the relative length of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129F721B4FF42FE7B" box="[151,176,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">os</emphasis>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01282D21B4FE73FE7A" box="[333,385,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">mts1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128DA21B4FE1DFE7A" box="[442,495,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">mts3</emphasis>
|
||
separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012B0621B4FCEBFE7A" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[614,793,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012B0621B4FCEBFE7A" box="[614,793,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012A3F21B4FC17FE7B" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[863,997,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012A3F21B4FC17FE7B" box="[863,997,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this is not true for all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012C7821B4FF3DFE5F" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012C7821B4FF3DFE5F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE01283021D8FD34FE5E" authority="(Burmeister, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[336,710,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrilimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01283021D8FE1EFE5E" box="[336,492,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. serrilimbus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE01289A21D8FD4CFE5E" author="Burmeister, H." box="[506,702,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref9973" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Mallophaga. In: Handbuch der Entomologie. 2 (1). Enslin, Berlin, pp. 418 - 443." type="journal article" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012A0721D8FC00FE5E" author="Mey, E." box="[871,1010,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref11920" refString="Mey, E. (1992) Uber einen Grauspecht-Federling aus dem Thuringer Wald und seine systematische Zugehorigkeit. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 36, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Mey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF60EE0129A721FDFE8DFAFE" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A721FDFBA1FCF6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129A721FDFE16FDB2" bold="true" box="[199,484,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01280021FDFE16FDB2" bold="true" box="[352,484,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Both sexes.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head rounded trapezoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012A7E21FCFC90FDB2" box="[798,866,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[242,1338,185,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[234,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3–4. Male head, dorsal and ventral views. 3, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 4, Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior. Abbreviations: ads—anterior dorsal seta; as1–3—anterior setae 1–3; avs3—anterior ventral seta 3; mts1–3—marginal temporal setae 1–3; pns—postnodal seta; s3–4—sensilla 3–4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), preantennal area differing in shape between species. Hyaline margin without marginal sclerotisation, and limited laterally to frons. Marginal carina interrupted medianly and laterally. Dorsal preantennal suture completely surrounds dorsal anterior plate and reaches lateral margin of head near site of
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128122268FE6BFD2E" box="[370,409,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">as1</emphasis>
|
||
; suture may extend posteriorly along midline posterior to dorsal anterior plate. Ventral anterior plate present. Ventral carina divided medianly, extended anteriorly to approach or reach frons. Head chaetotaxy as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE0129B322B0FEE4FD66" box="[211,278,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[242,1338,185,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[234,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3–4. Male head, dorsal and ventral views. 3, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 4, Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior. Abbreviations: ads—anterior dorsal seta; as1–3—anterior setae 1–3; avs3—anterior ventral seta 3; mts1–3—marginal temporal setae 1–3; pns—postnodal seta; s3–4—sensilla 3–4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01284322B0FEB8FD67" box="[291,330,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">pas</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128E122B0FE5AFD67" box="[385,424,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">pos</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012B6522B0FDCAFD66" box="[517,568,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">avs3</emphasis>
|
||
not displaced anteriorly, situated near bend of ventral carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D8F22B0FAD1FD66" box="[1263,1315,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">mts2</emphasis>
|
||
macroseta or microseta;
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01285722D4FE9EFD5A" box="[311,364,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">s5–7</emphasis>
|
||
absent. Dorsal postantennal suture absent. Gular plate present, often with central decoration. Thoracic and abdominal segments as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012B3822F8FD4EFCBE" box="[600,700,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1406,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 1, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views 1a, ventral view distal leg I. 1b, ventral view of distal leg II. 1c, ventral view of distal leg III. 2, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.Abbreviations: hs—hyaline seta (white); sts—sternal setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826894/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
. Claws of all feet of dissimilar size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012D3522F8FB37FCBE" box="[1109,1221,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1406,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 1, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views 1a, ventral view distal leg I. 1b, ventral view of distal leg II. 1c, ventral view of distal leg III. 2, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.Abbreviations: hs—hyaline seta (white); sts—sternal setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826894/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 1a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
), and tarsus I of all feet with small, flattened hyaline seta on median margin (
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012A7C231CFCC7FC92" box="[796,821,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">hs</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012A38231CFC3AFC92" box="[856,968,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1406,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 1, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views 1a, ventral view distal leg I. 1b, ventral view of distal leg II. 1c, ventral view of distal leg III. 2, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.Abbreviations: hs—hyaline seta (white); sts—sternal setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826894/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 1a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergopleurites II–VII and IX+X in male and II–IX+X in female medianly continuous. Sternites present but lightly sclerotised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A72365FB66FB0A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129A72365FEFBFC2A" bold="true" box="[199,265,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Subgenital plate formed from sternal plates VII–VIII, may reach distal margin of abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012C652364FAB7FC2A" box="[1285,1349,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1406,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 1, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views 1a, ventral view distal leg I. 1b, ventral view of distal leg II. 1c, ventral view of distal leg III. 2, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.Abbreviations: hs—hyaline seta (white); sts—sternal setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826894/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital opening clearly dorsal, posterior end of abdomen strongly sclerotised. Basal apodeme long, tongue-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012C2A2388FA7CFC0E" box="[1354,1422,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[169,1419,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Genitalia. 5, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., dorsal view. 6, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. 7, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, dorsal view. 8, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, ventral view. 9, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. Abbreviations: pst1–2—parameral setae 1–2; VH—ventral horns of endomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826900/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parameres fused to basal apodeme;
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012B4723ACFDA4FC62" box="[551,598,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">pst1</emphasis>
|
||
sensilla,
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012BDE23ACFD1FFC62" box="[702,749,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">pst2</emphasis>
|
||
microsetae, in some species very stout. Endomere elongated, with postero-lateral extensions on which three slender setae are situated on each side. Ventrally, endomere has paired horn-like projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE0128BC23F4FDD2FBB9" box="[476,544,1015,1042]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[169,1419,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Genitalia. 5, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., dorsal view. 6, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. 7, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, dorsal view. 8, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, ventral view. 9, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. Abbreviations: pst1–2—parameral setae 1–2; VH—ventral horns of endomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826900/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal endomere elongated. Lateral to endomere are paired elongated plates of unknown derivation, each with three small setae at about middle of length; anteriorly these plates appear to be fused to basal apodeme, but this is not clear in specimens examined. Distal to endomere, median to the parameres, is a hyaline section of the genitalia which is poorly visible. The lateral extent of this section is not visible, and for clarity only distal margin is illustrated; no setae are visible on this margin in specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A724A9FE8DFAFE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129A724A9FED7FB6E" bold="true" box="[199,293,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Subgenital plate formed from sternal plate VII only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012AED24A8FC26FB6E" box="[909,980,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1406,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 1, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views 1a, ventral view distal leg I. 1b, ventral view of distal leg II. 1c, ventral view of distal leg III. 2, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.Abbreviations: hs—hyaline seta (white); sts—sternal setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826894/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), bulging posteriorly along midline, but not reaching or approaching vulval margin. Subvulval plates present. In species examined by us, lightly sclerotised plates are present near vulval margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A25DF60EE012B2824F0FD7CFAA6" box="[584,654,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[169,1419,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Genitalia. 5, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., dorsal view. 6, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. 7, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, dorsal view. 8, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, ventral view. 9, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. Abbreviations: pst1–2—parameral setae 1–2; VH—ventral horns of endomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826900/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vulval chaetotaxy with multiple long, slender setae marginally, microsetae submarginally forming convergent rows near midline, and scattered setae present between vulval margin and subgenital plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF60EE0129A7255CFDC6FA6A" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A7255CFCB0FAD2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,834,1374,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129A7255CFE69FAD3" bold="true" box="[199,411,1374,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Host distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0128C2255CFDD2FAD2" box="[418,544,1375,1401]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Piciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012B4A255CFD43FAD2" box="[554,689,1375,1401]" class="Aves" family="Capitonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Capitonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012B88255CFCCCFAD2" box="[744,830,1375,1401]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Picidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A72581FDC6FA6A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129A72581FE49FA36" bold="true" box="[199,443,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Geographical range.</emphasis>
|
||
All continents, except for the Australo-Papuan Region and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157630DF60EE012D2D2580FB37FA36" box="[1101,1221,1411,1437]" name="Antarctica" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where there are no woodpeckers or Neotropical barbets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF60EE0629A725C8FDE2FDCA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0129A725C8FC7BF916" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129A725C8FEC9FA4E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1483,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE01282325C8FDE6FA4E" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[323,532,1483,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish’s (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
extensive synonymy of described taxa and expansion of the known host ranges of several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0128E525ECFDCAF9A2" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[389,568,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128E525ECFDCAF9A2" box="[389,568,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012B0825ECFD1CF9A3" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[616,750,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012B0825ECFD1CF9A3" box="[616,750,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are based primarily in similarities in abdominal chaetotaxy. Other characters, such as head shape and limited details of the male genitalia, suggest that many of the species considered junior synonyms by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE01289E2634FD4EF9FA" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[510,700,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are in fact distinct species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012D052634FA6AF9FA" authority="Carriker, 1963" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[1125,1432,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D052634FB19F9FB" box="[1125,1259,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. caurensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012D932634FA6AF9FA" author="Carriker, M. A. Jr." box="[1267,1432,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="5 - 42" refId="ref10238" refString="Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1963) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part II). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 23 (64), 5 - 42." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0129F72658FE55F9DE" authority="Carriker, 1963" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,423,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivollii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0129F72658FF0CF9DE" box="[151,254,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. rivollii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE0128652658FE55F9DE" author="Carriker, M. A. Jr." box="[261,423,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="5 - 42" refId="ref10238" refString="Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1963) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part II). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 23 (64), 5 - 42." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE0128BD2658FD2DF9DE" authority="Ansari, 1947" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[477,735,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuktola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE0128BD2658FDB4F9DE" box="[477,582,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. tuktola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012B2B2658FD2DF9DE" author="Ansari, R. A. M." box="[587,735,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="253 - 303" refId="ref9902" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1947) Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, India, 13, 253 - 303." type="journal article" year="1947">Ansari, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A thorough revision of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012D3D2658FAE2F9DE" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[1117,1296,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D3D2658FAE2F9DE" box="[1117,1296,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed to establish whether or not the wide host associations reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012A02267CFBEDF932" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[866,1055,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are accurate. Here, we follow the species-level taxonomy of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE0128A426A0FD73F916" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[452,641,1699,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012BD826A0FC77F916" author="Price, R. D. & Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. & Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H." box="[696,901,1699,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref12175" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. Illinois NHS, Champaign, Illinois, x + 501 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Price
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012B9826A0FCDBF916" box="[760,809,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF60EE0629A726C4FC81FF52" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
In addition, redescriptions of species from non-picid hosts are needed to establish the limits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012D8226C4FA67F94A" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[1250,1429,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D8226C4FA67F94A" box="[1250,1429,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the phylogeny of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE0128E126E8FD9CF8AE" author="Johnson, K. P. & Weckstein, J. D. & Virrueta-Herrera, S. & Dona, J." box="[385,622,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref11614" refString="Johnson, K. P., Weckstein, J. D., Virrueta-Herrera, S. & Dona, J. (2021) The interplay between host biogeography and phylogeny in structuring diversification of the feather louse genus Penenirmus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 165 (107297), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107297" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01288626E8FDEBF8AE" box="[486,537,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig 1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012BA926E8FB88F8AD" authority="(Kellogg, 1896 b)" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[713,1146,1771,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012BA926E8FC5CF8AF" box="[713,942,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus jungens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012ADF26E8FB80F8AD" author="Kellogg, V. L." box="[959,1138,1771,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="431 - 548" refId="ref11738" refString="Kellogg, V. L. (1896 b) New Mallophaga, II - from land birds; together with an account of the mallophagous mouth-parts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 6, 431 - 548, 14 pls." type="journal article" year="1896">Kellogg, 1896b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is separated from a large clade including many specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012BFD270CFBC0F881" authority="(Scopoli, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[669,1074,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012BFD270CFC8BF883" box="[669,889,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus auritus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012AE9270CFBDBF881" author="Scopoli, J. A." box="[905,1065,1807,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="381 - 386" refId="ref12331" refString="Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Pediculus. In: Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Wien, pp. 381 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119976" type="book chapter" year="1763">Scopoli, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of each of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012D85270CFEEDF8E6" authority="(Carriker, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Carriker" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D85270CFAA8F883" box="[1253,1370,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012C09270CFEE4F8E6" author="Carriker, M. A. Jr." pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="167 - 174" refId="ref10196" refString="Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1958) On a small collection of Mallophaga from the United States, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 60, 167 - 174." type="journal article" year="1958">Carriker, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE01284D2730FD72F8E6" authority="Tendeiro, 1958" authorityName="Tendeiro" authorityYear="1958" box="[301,640,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01284D2730FE3BF8E7" box="[301,457,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. marginatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE0128B22730FD72F8E6" author="Tendeiro, J." box="[466,640,1842,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="223 - 240" refId="ref12468" refString="Tendeiro, J. (1958) Etudes sur les mallophages. Sur une petite collection de mallophages prelevee au Mozambique. Garcia de Orta, 6 (2), 223 - 240, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1958">Tendeiro, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012BED2730FD27F8E7" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[653,725,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012BED2730FD27F8E7" box="[653,725,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. pici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012A702730FBDCF8E6" authority="Tendeiro, 1961" authorityName="Tendeiro" authorityYear="1961" box="[784,1070,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zumpti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012A702730FC8AF8E7" box="[784,888,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. zumpti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012AE12730FBDCF8E6" author="Tendeiro, J." box="[897,1070,1843,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="785 - 803" refId="ref12506" refString="Tendeiro, J. (1961) Etudes sur les Mallophages. Sur deux especes et deus sous- especes nouvelles du Penenirmus Th. Clay et Meinertzhagen (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) obtenues sur les Capitonides. Boletim Cultural de Guine Portuguesa, 15 (60), 785 - 803, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1961">Tendeiro, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus several as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012D8D2730FA6EF8E6" box="[1261,1436,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012D8D2730FA81F8E7" box="[1261,1395,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[we regard most of these taxa as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012BCB2754FCACF8DA" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[683,862,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012BCB2754FCACF8DA" box="[683,862,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. To reflect these results into the taxonomy of the complex, the species from honeyguides and some African barbets (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012AEC2778FC00F83D" authorityName="Sibley & Ahlquist" authorityYear="1985" box="[908,1010,1915,1942]" class="Aves" family="Lybiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lybiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) may need to be included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012C5C2778FF01F812" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012C5C2778FF01F812" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in order for this genus to be monophyletic, but we believe there are still not sufficient available data to do so. Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE01285327C0FDF9F877" authorityName="Tendeiro" authorityYear="1961" box="[307,523,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zumpti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE01285327C0FDF9F877" box="[307,523,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Penenirmus zumpti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE012B2827C0FC66F876" authority="Tendeiro, 1961" authorityName="Tendeiro" authorityYear="1961" box="[584,916,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelan">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE012B2827C0FD16F876" box="[584,740,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">P. leucomelan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF60EE012B8B27C0FC66F876" author="Tendeiro, J." box="[747,916,1987,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="785 - 803" refId="ref12506" refString="Tendeiro, J. (1961) Etudes sur les Mallophages. Sur deux especes et deus sous- especes nouvelles du Penenirmus Th. Clay et Meinertzhagen (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) obtenues sur les Capitonides. Boletim Cultural de Guine Portuguesa, 15 (60), 785 - 803, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1961">Tendeiro, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically close enough to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF60EE062C5C27C0FF01FF1A" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" order="Psocodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF60EE062C5C27C0FF01FF1A" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be included in this genus, but we refrain from making these transfers until these species are properly redescribed. Judging from its original description,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062BB420B8FC13FF7F" authorityName="Tendeiro" authorityYear="1958" box="[724,993,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062BB420B8FC13FF7F" box="[724,993,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Penenirmus marginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be distinct, and not close to either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE0629BE20DCFE63FF52" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[222,401,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE0629BE20DCFE63FF52" box="[222,401,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the species parasitising African barbets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF67EE0629A72100FE43FE5E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
The correct generic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062B4D2100FCE0FEB7" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[557,786,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062B4D2100FCE0FEB7" box="[557,786,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Penenirmus jungens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not clear, although we have tentatively placed it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062C1A2100FEC3FEEA" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062C1A2100FEC3FEEA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The keys of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF67EE0628AE2124FCF4FEE9" author="Emerson, K. C. & Johnson, J. C." box="[462,774,295,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="34 - 43" refId="ref10972" refString="Emerson, K. C. & Johnson, J. C. (1961) The genus Penenirmus (Mallophaga) found on North American woodpeckers. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 34, 34 - 43." type="journal article" year="1961">Emerson & Johnson (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF67EE062A5F2124FC0FFEEA" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[831,1021,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate that this species is morphologically close to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062B722148FD37FECE" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[530,709,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062B722148FD37FECE" box="[530,709,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, these keys are based mainly on abdominal chaetotaxy, which may not be useful to separate genera in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062BA2216CFCBAFE23" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[706,840,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062BA2216CFCBAFE23" box="[706,840,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF67EE062D38216CFA6BFE22" author="Emerson, K. C. & Johnson, J. C." box="[1112,1433,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="34 - 43" refId="ref10972" refString="Emerson, K. C. & Johnson, J. C. (1961) The genus Penenirmus (Mallophaga) found on North American woodpeckers. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 34, 34 - 43." type="journal article" year="1961">Emerson & Johnson’s (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6, 14, 24) illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE0628852190FDAAFE07" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[485,600,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE0628852190FDAAFE07" box="[485,600,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. jungens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062B062190FD7BFE07" box="[614,649,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
the dorsal anterior plate, the pterothoracic margin and the vulval margin, are characters which may not vary sufficiently among the genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062A9021B4FB84FE7B" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[1008,1142,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062A9021B4FB84FE7B" box="[1008,1142,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex to allow placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE0629F721D8FEF8FE5F" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,266,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE0629F721D8FEF8FE5F" box="[151,266,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. jungens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with certainty.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF67EE0629A721FCFDE2FDCA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
More species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE0628C721FCFDDFFDB3" authorityName="Clay & Meinertzhagen" authorityYear="1938" box="[423,557,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE0628C721FCFDDFFDB3" box="[423,557,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Penenirmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex need to be properly redescribed to establish whether the species from African barbets and honeyguides should be included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062A702220FC31FD96" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[784,963,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062A702220FC31FD96" box="[784,963,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or if these species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF67EE062DB62220FABBFD97" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1238,1353,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF67EE062DB62220FABBFD97" box="[1238,1353,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. jungens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be placed in separate new genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |