398 lines
48 KiB
XML
398 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="90E3BCFEFC8537CB77319A22BD6D2775" ID-CLB-Dataset="6532" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1322b578-84ee-418e-963a-c0327462188c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736449" ID-ZooBank="E4C6A17A-D590-4C0C-A66D-4C30ECAFF9AA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620116301451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Opresko, Dennis M., Bo, Marzia, Stein, David P., Evankow, Ann, Distel, Daniel L. & Brugler, Mercer R." docDate="2021" docId="039887DDEB7B8F7041BED27327D0FF0E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4966.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4966 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anozopathes Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FEBB5FFA-AACD-4587-83B9-7CB03D692B1E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="FFA1FFA5EB7A8F734129D5292601FFDB" masterDocTitle="Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1698938277499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FA059F521749687BD6176F6B4139B59D">Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18CDADC8D59EBF47A29E2436F8E89515">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="167DF3EA1628FFDD4E849EB1D62FBB6F">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37925FC11C807CCE08643ABEAC4123AF">Bo, Marzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D8780E05C118F238A3D98F7E73C45519" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8400-6722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BDE5A3C63E0E0A7B050CD062C9AD02EA">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy. marzia. bo @ unige. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8400 - 6722</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="13D4182999E5C6C7FB561728ABEBD4D2" type="email">marzia.bo@unige.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4310E4F190179BE6BA3E080970AD5764">Stein, David P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E7E8265C3E0DCB49498F4FE5FA991C3A">Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA. & david. stein @ lathropgpm. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2762 - 924 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3039C486D618EE97C00D3C3B935EA069" type="email">david.stein@lathropgpm.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D8700842F512DD4E06F312EBE47F58A7">Evankow, Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02FECB9F34298A560FA760BC2D6C459A">National History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CADECADF5BDD601A13761D21CA3CADEB">Distel, Daniel L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED9B3BFE541EEC0EED43E3EE2AD761BE">Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA. & d. distel @ northeastern. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3860 - 194 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="920207C80B566E80CD92A03F238C029F" type="email">d.distel@northeastern.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2C8DAB8F6DA882CCFF7A144F13AEAD40">Brugler, Mercer R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88AF819A559CF74A800EE42F1DD6D10E">Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 801 Carteret Street, Beaufort, SC 29902, USA. mbrugler @ uscb. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3676 - 1226 & Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 Street, New York, NY 10024 USA. * Co-corresponding authors</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8827F3C3020C105087ACF8A91B4135E5" type="email">mbrugler@uscb.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8B9EBBBC95066F78C7EBA7244CF49E22">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="838D7BDA61B29552584FBF8903BC1D1B">
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<mods:date id="232CBAD048A1929DD636B7EDFF9CCDC1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B68388907C67FF98B58230D08A1664A0">2021-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3033BDBFD7CB0B0BEB70CEC19479F3B1">4966</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="08348D83603A04B28B53188C49621ACC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039887DDEB7B8F7041BED27327D0FF0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4783895" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182383882" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4783895" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FEBB5FFA-AACD-4587-83B9-7CB03D692B1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887DDEB7B8F7041BED27327D0FF0E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB7B8F7241BED27324BBF8AF" box="[151,698,1882,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7B8F7241BED27324BBF8AF" blockId="1.[151,698,1882,1909]" box="[151,698,1882,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<heading id="D0C681A7EB7B8F7241BED27324BBF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,698,1882,1909]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7B8F7241BED27324BBF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,698,1882,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7B8F7241C7D2732788F8AE" ID-CoL="8KF24" authority="Opresko & Bo" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[238,393,1882,1909]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7B8F7241C7D2732788F8AE" bold="true" box="[238,393,1882,1909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Anozopathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7B8F7240B8D27327FFF8AF" box="[401,510,1882,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Opresko & Bo
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB7B8F7141BED28B227EFF22" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7B8F7141BED28B227EFF22" blockId="1.[151,1436,1954,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7B8F7241BED28B2713F867" bold="true" box="[151,274,1954,1980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Colonies relatively small, generally not more than about
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<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB7B8F724298D28B25FBF866" box="[945,1018,1954,1981]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
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tall, very sparsely branched usually only to the second order, but possibly up to the fourth order, with long branches disposed on all sides of the stem and lower-order branches. Branch angles usually very wide, 90º or greater. Spines conical in lateral view, laterally compressed, acute; with scattered tubercles on their surface, usually near the apex. Tubercles predominantly on the polypar spines, Polyps up to
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<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB788F7140F2D5F62430FF22" box="[475,561,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
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in transverse diameter, and arranged in a single row.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB788F7141EED42A24E5FEC6" box="[199,740,258,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB788F7141EED42A24E5FEC6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,897]" box="[199,740,258,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141EED42A275AFEC7" bold="true" box="[199,347,258,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<typeStatus id="548A8869EB788F7141EED42A2703FEC6" box="[199,258,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714040D42A2482FEC6" ID-CoL="8KPVD" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[361,643,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714040D42A2482FEC6" box="[361,643,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7143A2D42A24E5FEC6" bold="true" box="[651,740,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB788F7143A2D42A24E5FEC6" box="[651,740,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB788F7141EED40E246DF82D" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB788F7141EED40E2443FC5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141EED40E273AFE9A" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Remarks.</emphasis>
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A sample of the
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<typeStatus id="548A8869EB788F714323D40E246DFE9A" box="[522,620,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of the type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71424AD40E2281FE9A" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[867,1152,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71424AD40E2281FE9A" box="[867,1152,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB788F7145A2D40E22E8FE9A" box="[1163,1257,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7145A2D40E22E2FE9A" bold="true" box="[1163,1251,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
, as well as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB788F7141BED46226F8FEBE" box="[151,249,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71400BD4622433FEBE" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[290,562,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71400BD4622433FEBE" box="[290,562,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Anozopathes palauensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714312D4622496FEBE" bold="true" box="[571,663,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB788F714312D4622496FEBE" box="[571,663,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
||
(see below) were included in a DNA sequencing study using mitochondrial
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714020D4462740FE52" box="[265,321,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad5</emphasis>
|
||
-IGR-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7140ADD44627BDFE52" box="[388,444,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad1</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F7140E5D4462499FE52" author="Chery, N. & Parra, K. & Evankow, A. & Stein, D. & Distel, D. & Appiah-Madson, H. & Ross, R. & Sanon, E. & Alomari, N. & Johnson, R. & Vasovic, A. & Horowitz, A. & Popa, H. & Short, B. & Kourehjan, D. & Vasquez, D. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Opresko, D. M. & Brugler, M. R." box="[460,664,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="9 - 14" refId="ref7677" refString="Chery, N., Parra, K., Evankow, A., Stein, D., Distel, D., Appiah-Madson, H., Ross, R., Sanon, E., Alomari, N., Johnson, R., Vasovic, A., Horowitz, A., Popa, H., Short, B., Kourehjan, D., Vasquez, D. M., Rodriguez, E., Opresko, D. M. & Brugler, M. R. (2018) Partnering with the Ocean Genome Legacy to advance our understanding of black corals (Order Antipatharia). 15 th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium, Monterey, California, 9 - 14 September 2018. [poster presentation]" type="proceedings paper" year="2018">
|
||
Chery
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||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714332D4462454FE52" box="[539,597,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; digital poster presentation available upon request to MRB) and the results showed that both species grouped within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71426CD4BA25F7FE76" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[837,1014,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB788F714521D4BA224DFE76" box="[1032,1100,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,927,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-363@2.[151,1436,921,1126]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic tree of the family Aphanipathidae based on mitochondrial nad5-IGRnad1 sequence data (Chery et al. 2018). The original tree consisted of 112 taxa and 682 sites and was rooted internally with the Leiopathidae. PhyML used the GTR+G model of sequence evolution and 1,000 bootstrap replicates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736451/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the basis of the growth form of the corallum, the genus is intermediate between densely branched morphotypes in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71442BD49E239DFE0A" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[1282,1436,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71442BD49E239DFE0A" box="[1282,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the new aphanipathid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714322D4F224EFFE2E" authority="Bo & Opresko" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[523,750,475,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714322D4F224EFFE2E" box="[523,750,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanostichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) comprised of species previously assigned to the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141CBD4D62779FDC2" box="[226,376,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141CBD4D62775FDC2" authorityName=", Opresko & Genin" authorityYear="1990" box="[226,372,511,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stichopathes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71434AD4D622BEFDC2" authority="Roule, 1902" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[611,1215,510,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71434AD4D62547FDC2" box="[611,838,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanostichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71425CD4D625DEFDC2" box="[885,991,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F7142C1D4D62277FDC2" author="Roule, L." box="[1000,1142,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="328 - 339" refId="ref8622" refString="Roule, L. (1902) Notice preliminaire sur les Antipathaire provenant des collections du Prince du Monaco. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 15, 328 - 339." type="journal article" year="1902">Roule, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F7145ADD4D722BEFDC2" author="Roule, L." box="[1156,1215,510,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref8656" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB788F7145C2D4D6234AFDC2" box="[1259,1355,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,927,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-363@2.[151,1436,921,1126]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic tree of the family Aphanipathidae based on mitochondrial nad5-IGRnad1 sequence data (Chery et al. 2018). The original tree consisted of 112 taxa and 682 sites and was rooted internally with the Leiopathidae. PhyML used the GTR+G model of sequence evolution and 1,000 bootstrap replicates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736451/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(Note:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141BED70A2416FDE6" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,535,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141BED70A277BFDE6" box="[151,378,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanostichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714084D70A2416FDE6" box="[429,535,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally presented in Chery
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71429FD70A25EAFDE6" box="[950,1003,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714536D70A2322FDE6" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[1055,1315,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714536D70A2322FDE6" box="[1055,1315,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Stichopathes dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, examination of the SEMs of the spines of the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71424BD76E25E8FDBA" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[866,1001,583,609]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71424BD76E2571FDBA" box="[866,880,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714256D76E25E8FDBA" box="[895,1001,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate that it may not be conspecific with Roule’s species). Based on K2P genetic distance estimates for
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7142A8D74225B8FD5E" box="[897,953,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad5</emphasis>
|
||
-IGR-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7142D5D7422235FD5E" box="[1020,1076,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad1</emphasis>
|
||
, the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714424D742239DFD5E" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1293,1436,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714424D742239DFD5E" box="[1293,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are genetically much closer to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71433DD7A6258BFD72" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[532,906,655,681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71433DD7A624F6FD72" box="[532,759,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanostichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714209D7A6258BFD72" box="[800,906,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with genetic distances of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB788F71459DD7A62301FD72" box="[1204,1280,655,681]" degrees="0.0021" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" precision="5" value="0.0021">0.0021</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB788F714428D7A6235FFD72" box="[1281,1374,655,681]" degrees="0.0044" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" precision="5" value="-0.0044">–0.0044</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) than to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141F6D79A2415FD16" box="[223,532,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141F6D79A2776FD16" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[223,375,691,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Aphanipathes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7140ACD79A2415FD16" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[389,532,691,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Phanopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Phanopathes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade (genetic distances
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB788F714219D79A257FFD15" box="[816,894,691,718]" degrees="0.1736" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" precision="5" value="0.1736">0.1736</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB788F714257D79A25DBFD15" box="[894,986,691,718]" degrees="0.1966" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" precision="5" value="-0.1966">–0.1966</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB788F71452ED79A2266FD16" box="[1031,1127,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,927,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-363@2.[151,1436,921,1126]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic tree of the family Aphanipathidae based on mitochondrial nad5-IGRnad1 sequence data (Chery et al. 2018). The original tree consisted of 112 taxa and 682 sites and was rooted internally with the Leiopathidae. PhyML used the GTR+G model of sequence evolution and 1,000 bootstrap replicates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736451/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71459DD79A239DFD16" box="[1204,1436,691,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71459DD79A2342FD16" box="[1204,1347,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are genetically identical using the
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71433FD7FE244CFD2A" box="[534,589,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad5</emphasis>
|
||
-IGR-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7143B8D7FE24C8FD2A" box="[657,713,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad1</emphasis>
|
||
region; however, this gene region does not have the same power to resolve species as the
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714098D7D227E7FCCE" box="[433,486,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">cox3</emphasis>
|
||
-IGR-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714300D7D2245FFCCE" box="[553,606,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
region (which was not successfully sequenced). Note: the species identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141C3D636240EFCE2" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[234,527,799,825]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141C3D6362778FCE2" box="[234,377,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Stichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71408CD636240EFCE2" box="[421,527,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">flagellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB788F71431CD6362476FCE2" box="[565,631,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,927,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-363@2.[151,1436,921,1126]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic tree of the family Aphanipathidae based on mitochondrial nad5-IGRnad1 sequence data (Chery et al. 2018). The original tree consisted of 112 taxa and 682 sites and was rooted internally with the Leiopathidae. PhyML used the GTR+G model of sequence evolution and 1,000 bootstrap replicates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736451/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
has faint morphological features indicating that it might also belong in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714038D66A27C7FC86" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[273,454,835,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, the fact that it groups with a morphologically unrelated aphanipathid genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141BED64E273CFC5A" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,317,871,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Acanthopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141BED64E273CFC5A" box="[151,317,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Acanthopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, requires further study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB788F7141BED1542291FB05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736451/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" startId="2.[151,250,1149,1173]" targetBox="[151,1429,927,1120]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB788F7141BED1542291FB05" blockId="2.[151,1436,1149,1246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141BED1542715FB4E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1149,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic tree of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7142B9D1572231FB4D" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[912,1072,1150,1174]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714404D1572361FB4D" box="[1325,1376,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">nad5</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71444FD15726CBFB61" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">IGRnad1</emphasis>
|
||
sequence data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F714043D18B2421FB61" author="Chery, N. & Parra, K. & Evankow, A. & Stein, D. & Distel, D. & Appiah-Madson, H. & Ross, R. & Sanon, E. & Alomari, N. & Johnson, R. & Vasovic, A. & Horowitz, A. & Popa, H. & Short, B. & Kourehjan, D. & Vasquez, D. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Opresko, D. M. & Brugler, M. R." box="[362,544,1186,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="9 - 14" refId="ref7677" refString="Chery, N., Parra, K., Evankow, A., Stein, D., Distel, D., Appiah-Madson, H., Ross, R., Sanon, E., Alomari, N., Johnson, R., Vasovic, A., Horowitz, A., Popa, H., Short, B., Kourehjan, D., Vasquez, D. M., Rodriguez, E., Opresko, D. M. & Brugler, M. R. (2018) Partnering with the Ocean Genome Legacy to advance our understanding of black corals (Order Antipatharia). 15 th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium, Monterey, California, 9 - 14 September 2018. [poster presentation]" type="proceedings paper" year="2018">
|
||
Chery
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714099D18B27DDFB61" box="[432,476,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The original tree consisted of 112 taxa and 682 sites and was rooted internally with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141BED1EF271EFB05" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,287,1222,1246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Leiopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Leiopathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. PhyML used the GTR+G model of sequence evolution and 1,000 bootstrap replicates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB788F7141EED0252583F99D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1292,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Several previously described genera were also based on species forming sparsely branched colonies.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F71447FD02526E3FA91" author="Brook, G." pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
created the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714092D0192440FA91" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[443,577,1328,1354]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Pteropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714092D0192440FA91" box="[443,577,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Pteropathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a branched species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714277D01825D2FA91" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[862,979,1328,1354]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Pteropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714277D018256EFA91" box="[862,879,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7142A9D01925D2FA91" box="[896,979,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7142FAD01925DBFA91" box="[979,986,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">;</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB788F7142CAD0192244FA91" box="[995,1093,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
NHMUK 90.4.9.9) with long straight branches, many of which have a very narrow distal branch angle. In addition, some of the branches (up to five in a row) are arranged uniserially. Based on Brook’s illustration, the polypar spines are estimated to be up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB788F7141BED0B526FBFA6D" box="[151,250,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and appear to be smooth, without tubercles. The polyps are arranged in a single row, and are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB788F71440CD0B52380FA6D" box="[1317,1409,1436,1462]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter (4–5 per cm with very little coenenchyme between adjacent ones). The uniserial branching and the narrow distal branch angles suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7143ACD0CD250AFA25" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[645,779,1508,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Pteropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7143ACD0CD250AFA25" box="[645,779,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Pteropathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be related to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714576D0CD22D6FA25" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[1119,1239,1508,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714576D0CD22D6FA25" box="[1119,1239,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Antipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7145D2D0CD2394FA25" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[1275,1429,1508,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7145D2D0CD2394FA25" box="[1275,1429,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The very large spines are more typical of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714203D32125C5F9F9" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[810,964,1544,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714203D32125C5F9F9" box="[810,964,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The spines need to be re-examined more closely with an SEM to determine if there is evidence of tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB788F7141EED379246DF82D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1292,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F7141EED379278EF9B1" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[199,399,1616,1642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref8844" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographie, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">Van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
created the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71434AD37924E7F9B1" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[611,742,1616,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Hillopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71434AD37924E7F9B1" box="[611,742,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Hillopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7142A4D3782204F9B1" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[909,1029,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Hillopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7142A4D3782204F9B1" box="[909,1029,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">H. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with very sparse branching that he had first thought was a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F71433FD35D2578F955" authority="(van Pesch, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[534,889,1652,1678]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F71433FD35D24A4F955" box="[534,677,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F71439DD35D2570F955" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[692,881,1652,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" refId="ref8814" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1910) Bijdragen tot der Kennis van het Genus Cirripathes. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 96 pp." type="book" year="1910">van Pesch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7142EFD35D2254F955" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[966,1109,1652,1678]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7142EFD35D2254F955" box="[966,1109,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the polyps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7145D5D35C2372F955" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1276,1395,1653,1678]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Hillopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7145D5D35C2372F955" box="[1276,1395,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">H. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not arranged uniserially, but are crowded together on one side of the axis giving the appearance that they are in multiple rows.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F71403CD39527DDF90D" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[277,476,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref8844" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographie, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">Van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the presence of branches to be a generic level character. The spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7144A8D39426EAF921" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Hillopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7144A8D39426EAF921" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">H. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported to be up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB788F714327D3C92470F921" box="[526,625,1760,1786]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="0.39">0.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, and van Pesch thought that this might suggest a relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7141BED22D2730F8C5" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,305,1796,1822]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7141BED22D2730F8C5" box="[151,305,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, the spines were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F7143D1D22D25BAF8C5" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[760,955,1796,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref8844" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographie, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as being smooth. The absence of tubercles on the spines does not preclude the genus from being related to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F7142F9D2012284F899" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[976,1157,1832,1858]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, the non-uniserial arrangement of the polyps would support the conclusion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714259D26525F2F8BD" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[880,1011,1868,1894]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Hillopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714259D26525F2F8BD" box="[880,1011,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Hillopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not related to
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714584D2652345F8BD" box="[1197,1348,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714584D2652341F8BD" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1197,1344,1868,1894]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Anozopathes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Also, it is quite possible that the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714317D25924C0F851" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[574,705,1904,1930]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Hillopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714317D25924C0F851" box="[574,705,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Hillopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that van Pesch described were actually specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB788F714427D259239CF851" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1294,1437,1904,1930]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F714427D259239CF851" box="[1294,1437,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that had been broken off at the growing tip and then underwent regeneration producing several separate growing tips. Breakage of the apical portions of black coral whips by strong currents is known to be a common occurrence on the reefs of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326765BEB788F714016D2F527ADF82D" box="[319,428,2012,2038]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB788F714092D2F52461F82D" author="Bo, M. & Di Camillo, C. G. & Addamo, A. M. & Valisano, L. & Bavestrello, G." box="[443,608,2012,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7204" refString="Bo, M., Di Camillo, C. G., Addamo, A. M., Valisano, L. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Growth strategies of whip black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Bunaken Marine Park (Celebes Sea, Indonesia). Marine Biodiversity Records, 2 (e 54), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267209000712" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB788F7140CDD2F42414F82D" box="[484,533,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB798F7041EED5BE27D0FF0E" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED5BE27D0FF0E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041EED5BE274EFF6A" bold="true" box="[199,335,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus name is derived from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F70426DD5BE25B0FF6A" box="[836,945,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">“anozos”</emphasis>
|
||
meaning few or no branches, and the commonly used suffix “
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F70405DD59227BCFF0E" box="[372,445,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">pathes</emphasis>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |