633 lines
76 KiB
XML
633 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="C779959C52F14017DC5E97829096E145" ID-CLB-Dataset="6532" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1322b578-84ee-418e-963a-c0327462188c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736449" ID-ZooBank="E4C6A17A-D590-4C0C-A66D-4C30ECAFF9AA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620116301451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Opresko, Dennis M., Bo, Marzia, Stein, David P., Evankow, Ann, Distel, Daniel L. & Brugler, Mercer R." docDate="2021" docId="039887DDEB798F7541BED432233DFEC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4966.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4966 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anozopathes hawaiiensis Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="FFA1FFA5EB7A8F734129D5292601FFDB" masterDocTitle="Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1698938277499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="59F2D351A6E9E65B6FAF48065D364DFA">Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9330039309E47C3634A7E5A44CE0B311">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0451C156F903E425C28BE6C45765D865">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B24A42234727ABDB63B6D587C8A75CBD">Bo, Marzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EDE9419C496BE3896F2891621DFD5204">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy. marzia. bo @ unige. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8400 - 6722</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C82E07E3533B652B5DE0C59A475615E5" type="email">marzia.bo@unige.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2E81BF452C05D1E025DDA846041B21E4">Stein, David P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F1DA396EC365035C61925C01FBC0F6F1">Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA. & david. stein @ lathropgpm. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2762 - 924 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C44B27168B650570F7288FF8B4AEA926" type="email">david.stein@lathropgpm.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DA59F45D2E4C0C56496ACFCCDE71E6CE">Evankow, Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="41519C38DA6B78F7E035CE6AD41966CD">National History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="171988A508FF7DB9ADC7E5FB6B04AEF8">Distel, Daniel L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97277655629C1C62AB9389BE9030A9EA">Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA. & d. distel @ northeastern. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3860 - 194 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="10819ED93AD2A7FB82667B05FE114D1D" type="email">d.distel@northeastern.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CF72BCF1F5D7AC1CAA00BB9BE8351978">Brugler, Mercer R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53195FFEF198F7E183CA51781C04E4FB">Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 801 Carteret Street, Beaufort, SC 29902, USA. mbrugler @ uscb. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3676 - 1226 & Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 Street, New York, NY 10024 USA. * Co-corresponding authors</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F78F692F30EC10EBE0141487D9A1942" type="email">mbrugler@uscb.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="342FBE121B4844C213DBE169B23120D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="162A33B67BD1F22C87E0F6BC1654DD3C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D069650642F908916291BF4C7B4D862">4966</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F7041BED43227C6FEED" ID-CoL="8KPVD" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,455,283,310]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041BED43227C6FEED" bold="true" box="[151,455,283,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB798F7040E6D435242DFEED" box="[463,556,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Opresko & Bo
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB798F7041B6D4692702FE81" box="[159,259,320,346]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,1089,1945]" captionTargetId-0="figure-55@4.[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetId-1="figure-294@5.[151,1435,1089,1945]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1010741): A. entire corallum; B. polyps; C. individual polypar spines with tubercles; D. sections of branchlets (C and D from NMNH SEM stub 171)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. In situ image of colonies presumed to be Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. Photo: J. Maragos, 1982, Puna, Hawaii, 349 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736457" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736459" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4736457/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4736459/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB798F7041BED4A124C4FDE8" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041BED4A12781FE79" bold="true" box="[151,384,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB798F7040BCD4A127ABFE31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076310" collectingDate="2002-10-27" collectionCode="NMNH, SEM, V" collectorName="Undersea Research Laboratory & E. Chave" elevation="298" latitude="21.974" location="Molakai" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="-157.369" municipality="Penguin Bank" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" specimenCode="USNM 1010741" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7040BCD4A127FDFE79" box="[405,508,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
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<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F7040BCD4A127FDFE79" box="[405,508,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB979EB0EB798F704338D4A124D3FE79" box="[529,722,392,418]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="Museum">USNM 1010741</specimenCode>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F7043CED4A1253FFE79" box="[743,830,392,418]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F704264D4A12586FE79" box="[845,903,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">SEM</collectionCode>
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stub 171),
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F829EB798F704530D4A1226CFE79" box="[1049,1133,392,418]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACB1EB798F704557D4A12327FE79" box="[1150,1318,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Penguin Bank</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EEE6010EB798F704411D4A12399FE79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DDEB798F7541BED432233DFEC6:8EEE6010EB798F704411D4A12399FE79" box="[1336,1432,392,418]" latitude="21.974" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="-157.369" municipality="Penguin Bank" name="Molakai" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Hawaii">Molakai</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB798F7041BED4852705FE1D" box="[151,260,428,454]" degrees="21.974" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="21.974">21.974ºN</geoCoordinate>
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,
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, DSR/
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<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F7040F3D48527ECFE1D" box="[474,493,428,454]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F7040DCD48424A4FE1D" authority="IV, Dive" authorityName="IV, Dive" box="[501,677,428,455]" class="Pisces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Craniata" rank="class">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7040DCD484245EFE1D" box="[501,607,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Pisces IV</emphasis>
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, Dive
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</taxonomicName>
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066 (spec. 4),
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<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704279D485259AFE1C" box="[848,923,428,455]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="298.0">
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F829EB798F704281D48525F8FE1D" box="[936,1017,428,454]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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<collectorName id="26C4531DEB798F704528D485235EFE1D" box="[1025,1375,428,454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Undersea Research Laboratory</collectorName>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26C4531DEB798F7041BED4F82705FE31" box="[151,260,464,491]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">E. Chave</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FF8F100BEB798F70403DD4F927ABFE31" box="[276,426,464,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" value="2002-10-27">
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<collectingDate id="EFCBE9E3EB798F70403DD4F927ABFE31" box="[276,426,464,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" value="2002-10-27">27 Oct 2002</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB798F704091D4F8235EFE30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076304" box="[440,1375,464,491]" collectionCode="USNM" latitude="23.9175" location="French Frigate Shoals" longLatPrecision="50" longitude="-165.368" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" specimenCode="USNM 99927" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F704091D4F8241EFE31" box="[440,543,465,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB979EB0EB798F704318D4F924D7FE31" box="[561,726,464,490]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="Museum">USNM 99927</specimenCode>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F829EB798F7043CCD4F92538FE31" box="[741,825,464,490]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEE6010EB798F70426ED4F92246FE31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DDEB798F7541BED432233DFEC6:8EEE6010EB798F70426ED4F92246FE31" box="[839,1095,464,490]" latitude="23.9175" longLatPrecision="50" longitude="-165.368" name="French Frigate Shoals" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Hawaii">French Frigate Shoals</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB798F70457ED4F922D3FE30" box="[1111,1234,464,491]" degrees="23.9175" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" precision="5" value="23.9175">23.9175ºN</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB798F7045C8D4F9235EFE30" box="[1249,1375,464,491]" degrees="165.368" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="-165.368">165.368ºW</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB798F704447D4F9277BFDD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076305" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="Townsend Cromwell" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F704447D4F92381FE31" box="[1390,1408,464,490]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F7044A0D4F9239DFE31" box="[1417,1436,464,490]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041BED4DD277BFDD5" box="[151,378,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C4531DEB798F7041BED4DD277BFDD5" box="[151,378,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Townsend Cromwell</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB798F7040A0D4DD253FFDD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076308" box="[393,830,500,527]" collectionCode="SANGO" elevation="367" location="Exped." pageId="3" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F7040A0D4DD27E8FDD5" box="[393,489,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">SANGO</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EEE6010EB798F7040D9D4DD243EFDD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DDEB798F7541BED432233DFEC6:8EEE6010EB798F7040D9D4DD243EFDD5" box="[496,575,500,526]" name="Exped." pageId="3" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Hawaii">Exped.</location>
|
||
XIII,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7043ADD4DD2504FDD4" box="[644,773,500,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.67" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="367.0" valueMax="381.0" valueMin="353.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD1F8EB798F7043ADD4DD2504FDD4" box="[644,773,500,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.67" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="367.0" valueMax="381.0" valueMin="353.0">353–381 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB798F704260D4DC224DFDD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076313" box="[841,1100,500,527]" collectingDate="1972-08-21" collectionCode="R" location="Grigg" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB798F704260D4DC255EFDD4" box="[841,863,501,527]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EEE6010EB798F704240D4DD25ACFDD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DDEB798F7541BED432233DFEC6:8EEE6010EB798F704240D4DD25ACFDD5" box="[873,941,500,526]" name="Grigg" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Hawaii">Grigg</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F100BEB798F704290D4DD224DFDD5" box="[953,1100,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" value="1972-08-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9E3EB798F704290D4DD224DFDD5" box="[953,1100,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" value="1972-08-21">21 Aug 1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED73124C4FDE8" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" box="[199,709,536,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB798F7041EED73124C4FDE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076307" box="[199,709,536,563]" elevation="298" location="Penguin Bank" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="298" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041EED7312767FDE9" bold="true" box="[199,358,536,562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F7041EED7312703FDE9" box="[199,258,536,562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F829EB798F704045D73127C1FDE9" box="[364,448,536,562]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEE6010EB798F7040E2D731246DFDE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DDEB798F7541BED432233DFEC6:8EEE6010EB798F7040E2D731246DFDE9" box="[459,620,536,562]" name="Penguin Bank" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" stateProvince="Hawaii">Penguin Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37FD42EB798F70435ED73124C4FDE8" box="[631,709,536,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70435ED73124C0FDE8" box="[631,705,536,563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="298.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD1F8EB798F70435ED73124C0FDE8" box="[631,705,536,563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="298.0">298 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB798F7041EED7152238FD3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED7152238FD3C" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041EED7152743FD8D" bold="true" box="[199,322,572,598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies small, very sparsely branched to the second order but possibly up to the fourth order based on
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F704194D7482705FDA1" box="[189,260,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
photos; with long, curved and crooked branches disposed irregularly on all sides of the stem. Branch angles usually close to 90º. Polypar spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704396D7AD2525FD44" box="[703,804,644,671]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704277D7AD25E7FD44" box="[862,998,644,671]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, with 2–3 spines per mm in each row. Polypar spines with up to six small conical tubercles visible near the apex in lateral view. Polyps up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70446ED781239CFD18" box="[1351,1437,680,707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter, arranged in a single series, with three to five polyps per cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB798F7641EED7D92362FEBE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED7D92569FC41" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041EED7D927E4FCD1" bold="true" box="[199,485,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F70405ED7D927E1FCD1" box="[375,480,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F704337D7D92481FCD1" box="[542,640,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(USNM 1010741) is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704292D7D92201FCD0" box="[955,1024,752,779]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="cm" value="24.0">24 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70454BD7D922A6FCD0" box="[1122,1191,752,779]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and has a basal stem diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70408BD63D27E5FCF4" box="[418,484,788,815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB798F7040DDD63D244EFCF5" box="[500,591,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-55@4.[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1010741): A. entire corallum; B. polyps; C. individual polypar spines with tubercles; D. sections of branchlets (C and D from NMNH SEM stub 171)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736457/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The main stem is
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704204D63D2573FCF4" box="[813,882,788,815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="cm" value="41.0">41 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and curved and coiled at its upper end. The branching is very sparse, and only to the second order. The branches are long, flexible and curved to varying degrees. The longest branch measures about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704344D67524B0FCAC" box="[621,689,860,887]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
|
||
and is
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7043D6D675253EFCAC" box="[767,831,860,887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at the base. The branches are spaced varying distances apart, with distal branch angles mostly around 90º.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED68D24EDFA48" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
The spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB798F70407BD68D27CDFC65" box="[338,460,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-55@4.[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1010741): A. entire corallum; B. polyps; C. individual polypar spines with tubercles; D. sections of branchlets (C and D from NMNH SEM stub 171)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736457/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) appear conical in side view, but are distinctly compressed laterally. Most are slightly inclined distally. The shape of the spines is not uniform; in some the proximal and distal edges are relatively straight whereas in others the proximal edge near the base is flared out in a shallow slope. On a section of a branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70446ED6C5239CFBDC" box="[1351,1437,1004,1031]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter the polypar spines reach a maximum size of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70427DD13925B9FBF0" box="[852,952,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
(as measured from middle of base to apex) and the abpolypar spines are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70430BD11D2488FB94" box="[546,649,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
. On a section of a branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704282D11D2200FB94" box="[939,1025,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter the polypar spines reach a maximum size of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704093D171241FFBA8" box="[442,542,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the abpolypar spines are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704299D1712216FBA8" box="[944,1047,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Most of the polypar spines have a few conical tubercles near the apex; the apex itself is generally smooth and rounded. The abpolypar spines are less likely to have tubercles, but even some polypar spines are lacking tubercles. The conical tubercles are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704474D18926C2FB04" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall; and up to six can be seen in one lateral view; however, on many spines fewer than six are visible in lateral view. The spines nearer the distal end of the branches have very few if any tubercles. Four to six longitudinal rows of spines can be seen in one lateral view (excluding rows in which the spines are only partially visible). Within each row the spines are mostly
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704090D0192441FA90" box="[441,576,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, resulting in about two spines per mm. On the stem the spines are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7041BED07D26FDFAB4" box="[151,252,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and similar in shape to those on the branches. In some places the bases of the spines in one row are joined together into a continuous ridge-like structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED0B52599F99D" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
The polyps are arranged in a single row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB798F7043A3D0B524E0FA6D" box="[650,737,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-55@4.[151,1436,237,1812]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1010741): A. entire corallum; B. polyps; C. individual polypar spines with tubercles; D. sections of branchlets (C and D from NMNH SEM stub 171)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736457/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the preserved state most measure about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7045E0D0B52308FA6C" box="[1225,1289,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter (from the distal side of the base of the distal lateral tentacles to the proximal side of the base of the proximal lateral tentacles), but in a few places some reach a size of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7042BED0CD25F1FA24" box="[919,1008,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The interpolypar space is close to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704450D0CD26C4F9F8" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and there are about three polyps per cm. The tentacles in the preserved state are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704577D32122A1F9F8" box="[1118,1184,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and there is no apparent difference in the size of the sagittal and lateral tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7041EED379231BF90C" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041EED379279AF9B1" bold="true" box="[199,411,1616,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Species variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F7040F1D3782439F9B0" box="[472,568,1617,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(USNM 99927) is similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F70429ED3792218F9B1" box="[951,1049,1616,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in general appearance with a few long, thick branches. The polypar spines are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7043E3D35D252FF954" box="[714,814,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, but most are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7042DFD35D225BF954" box="[1014,1114,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
or less. On the
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F704421D35D235FF954" box="[1288,1374,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick stem the spines are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70409FD3B1241BF968" box="[438,538,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall. In this specimen the polyps,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F7042B9D3B12216F968" box="[912,1047,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2 to 2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter, are smaller than those in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB798F70407ED39527BDF90D" box="[343,444,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and the polyp density is correspondingly greater (about five polyps per cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB798F7741EED3C924B1FF0D" blockId="3.[151,1437,392,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,214]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7041EED3C9276CF921" bold="true" box="[199,365,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
One other species is assigned to the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F704245D3C9227DF921" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[876,1148,1760,1786]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F704245D3C9227DF921" box="[876,1148,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Anozopathes palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7045ACD3C922E0F921" bold="true" box="[1157,1249,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB798F7045ACD3C922E0F921" box="[1157,1249,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see description below). The two species have a similar growth form, with sparse branching and wide distal branch angles; however, the branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F70406CD20127E6F899" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[325,487,1832,1858]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F70406CD20127E6F899" box="[325,487,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">A. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7040C4D2012444F899" bold="true" box="[493,581,1832,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB798F7040C4D2012444F899" box="[493,581,1832,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
tend to be rather crooked and orientated in different directions whereas those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F70419FD265274EF8BD" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[182,335,1868,1894]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F70419FD265274EF8BD" box="[182,335,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">A. palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F704071D26527B2F8BD" bold="true" box="[344,435,1868,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB798F704071D26527B2F8BD" box="[344,435,1868,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are mostly curved upward. The major difference between the two species is in the size and shape of the spines (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B30370EB798F704099D2592408F851" box="[432,521,1904,1930]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,404,428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics for Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. and A. palauensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4E6643EB7F8F7641BED4BD226BFE76" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" tableUuid="DF4E6643EB7F8F7641BED4BD226BFE76">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The polypar spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F704234D25925C3F851" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[797,962,1904,1930]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F704234D25925C3F851" box="[797,962,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">A. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70451ED259229CF850" box="[1079,1181,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
and relatively narrow, whereas those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F70407FD2BD27ECF875" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[342,493,1940,1966]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F70407FD2BD27ECF875" box="[342,493,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">A. palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shorter, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB798F70439AD2BD2519F874" box="[691,792,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and have a relatively wide base with a very shallow sloping proximal edge. Although the number of rows of spines is similar in the two species, the spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB798F7045D0D291239DF809" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1273,1436,1976,2002]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB798F7045D0D291239DF809" box="[1273,1436,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">A. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be slightly more distant and have slightly fewer tubercles (up to about 6 vs. up to 8, as seen in lateral view). The size and density of the polyps in the two species overlap; however, the polyps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7E8F774567D5BE22F0FF6A" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1102,1265,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F774567D5BE225EFF6A" box="[1102,1119,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F774544D5BE22F0FF6A" box="[1133,1265,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reach a greater maximum size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB7E8F774063D59227A3FF0E" box="[330,418,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB7E8F7741BED2052356F8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736457" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736457/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" startId="4.[151,250,1836,1860]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1812]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7E8F7741BED205225DF89F" blockId="4.[151,1367,1836,1896]" box="[151,1116,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7741BED2052712F89F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7E8F774030D2052418F89F" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,537,1836,1860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F774030D2052418F89F" box="[281,537,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F774336D2052471F89F" bold="true" box="[543,624,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7E8F774336D2052471F89F" box="[543,624,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (USNM 1010741):
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7742B5D20525AFF89F" bold="true" box="[924,942,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
|
||
. entire corallum;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7E8F7741BED2792356F8B3" blockId="4.[151,1367,1836,1896]" box="[151,1367,1872,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7741BED27926A9F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,168,1872,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
|
||
. polyps;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F77402FD2792719F8B3" bold="true" box="[262,280,1872,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
|
||
. individual polypar spines with tubercles;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7743EED27924D8F8B3" bold="true" box="[711,729,1872,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">D</emphasis>
|
||
. sections of branchlets (C and D from NMNH SEM stub 171).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7E8F7641EED2BF2362FEBE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1942,2041]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7E8F7741EED2BF27E3F86B" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,482,1942,1968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7741EED2BF27E3F86B" box="[199,482,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7740C3D2BF2445F86B" bold="true" box="[490,580,1942,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7E8F7740C3D2BF2445F86B" box="[490,580,1942,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is similar in external appearance to small colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7E8F77458ED2BF2722F80F" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F77458ED2BF239DF86B" box="[1191,1436,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Antipathes dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7E8F7741BED2932722F80F" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[151,291,1978,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" refId="ref8292" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum Cognitarum Succinctas Descriptiones cum Selectis Auctorum Synonymis. Hagae-Comitum, xvi + 28 + 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the polyps are of similar size, and the general morphology of the spines is similar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7E8F7745EED2932371F80F" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[1223,1392,1978,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" pagination="81 - 493" refId="ref8168" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003). Redescription of Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 77, 81 - 493." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7E8F774455D2922710F823" author="Bo, M. & Bavestrello, G. & Canese, S. & Giusti, M. & Angiolillo, M. & Cerrano, C. & Salvati, E. & Greco, S." pageId="4" pageNumber="165" pagination="231 - 242" refId="ref7284" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Canese, S., Giusti, M., Angiolillo, M., Cerrano, C., Salvati, E. & Greco, S. (2011) Coral assemblage off the Calabrian Coast (South Italy) with new observations on living colonies of Antipathes dichotoma. Italian Journal of Zoology, 78 (2), 231 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250001003652619" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7741BED2F626CEF823" box="[151,207,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The one major difference is that the spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7E8F774237D2F725C0F823" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[798,961,2014,2041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F774237D2F7252EF823" box="[798,815,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F774214D2F725C0F823" box="[829,961,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7E8F7742EED2F72221F823" bold="true" box="[967,1056,2014,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7E8F7742EED2F72221F823" box="[967,1056,2014,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have tubercles; whereas tubercles have never been found on the spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F764364D5BE24E3FF6A" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[589,738,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764364D5BE245FFF6A" box="[589,606,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764345D5BE24E3FF6A" box="[620,738,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in separate genetic studies using the mt gene region
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7641BED592270BFF0E" box="[151,266,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">cox3-cox1</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7F8F764030D59227F1FF0E" author="Brugler, M. R. & Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C." box="[281,496,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" pagination="312 - 361" refId="ref7596" refString="Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C. (2013) The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169 (2), 312 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12060" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Brugler
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76405ED59227A9FF0E" box="[375,424,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and nuclear ITS1/ITS2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7F8F764224D59225B0FF0E" author="Bo, M. & Barucca, M. & Biscotti, M. A. & Brugler, M. R. & Canapa, A. & Canese, S. & Lo lacono, C. & Bavestrello, G." box="[781,945,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" pagination="1102 - 1110" refId="ref7466" refString="Bo, M., Barucca, M., Biscotti, M. A., Brugler, M. R., Canapa, A., Canese, S., Lo lacono, C. & Bavestrello, G. (2018) Phylogenetic relationships of Mediterranean black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) and implications for classification within the order Antipatharia. Invertebrate Systematics, 32, 1102 - 1110. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 17043" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76421FD5922566FF0E" box="[822,871,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F764577D59222F2FF0E" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[1118,1267,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764577D59222F2FF0E" box="[1118,1267,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed affinities to several species in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F764337D5F624D3FF22" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[542,722,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that tubercles may have been secondarily lost in this species. If the relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F7640CFD42A247DFEC6" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[486,636,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7640CFD42A247DFEC6" box="[486,636,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F7643E3D42A257AFEC6" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[714,891,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confirmed by more extensive genetic studies, such as those using ultra conserved elements and exon loci (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7F8F764212D40E2225FE9A" author="Quattrini, A. M. & Faircloth, B. C. & Duenas, L. F. & Bridge, T. C. L. & Brugler, M. R. & Calixto-Borja, I. F. & DeLeo, D. M. & Foret, S. & Herrera, S. & Lee, S. M. Y. & Miller, D. J. & Prada, C. & Radis-Baptista, G. & Ramirez-Portilla, C. & Sanchez, J. A. & Rodriguez, E. & McFadden, C. S." box="[827,1060,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" pagination="281 - 295" refId="ref8341" refString="Quattrini, A. M., Faircloth, B. C., Duenas, L. F., Bridge, T. C. L., Brugler, M. R., Calixto-Borja, I. F., DeLeo, D. M., Foret, S., Herrera, S., Lee, S. M. Y., Miller, D. J., Prada, C., Radis-Baptista, G., Ramirez-Portilla, C., Sanchez, J. A., Rodriguez, E. & McFadden, C. S. (2017) Universal target-enrichment baits for anthozoan (Cnidaria) phylogenomics: New approaches to long-standing problems. Molecular Ecology Resources, 18, 281 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12736" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Quattrini
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764280D40E25E3FE9A" box="[937,994,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7F8F764506D40E226AFE9A" author="Quattrini, A. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Faircloth, B. C. & Cowman, P. F. & Brugler, M. R. & Farfan, G. A. & Hellberg, M. E. & Kitahara, M. V. & Morrison, C. L. & Paz-Garcia, D. A. & Reimer, J. D. & McFadden, C. S." box="[1071,1131,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" pagination="1531 - 1538" refId="ref8492" refString="Quattrini, A. M., Rodriguez, E., Faircloth, B. C., Cowman, P. F., Brugler, M. R., Farfan, G. A., Hellberg, M. E., Kitahara, M. V., Morrison, C. L., Paz-Garcia, D. A., Reimer, J. D. & McFadden, C. S. (2020) Palaeoclimate ocean conditions shaped the evolution of corals and their skeletons through deep time. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4 (11), 1531 - 1538. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41559 - 020 - 01291 - 1" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB7F8F76455FD40E2362FE9A" author="Horowitz J. & Brugler, M. R. & Bridge, T. C. L. & Cowman, P. F." box="[1142,1379,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" pagination="553 - 569" refId="ref7818" refString="Horowitz J., Brugler, M. R., Bridge, T. C. L. & Cowman, P. F. (2020) Morphological and molecular description of a new genus and species of black coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Blastopathes) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 4821 (3), 553 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4821.3.7" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Horowitz
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7645CED40E2321FE9A" box="[1255,1312,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mc- Fadden
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7641D8D4622728FEBE" box="[241,297,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021), a taxonomic revision of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F764236D46225B1FEBE" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[799,944,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F7642CDD4622294FEBE" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2004" box="[996,1173,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aphanipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB7F8F7641BED4BD226BFE76" ID-Table-UUID="DF4E6643EB7F8F7641BED4BD226BFE76" box="[151,1130,404,429]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4E6643EB7F8F7641BED4BD226BFE76" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" startId="5.[151,239,404,428]" targetBox="[166,1290,444,991]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7F8F7641BED4BD226BFE76" blockId="5.[151,1130,404,429]" box="[151,1130,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7641BED4BD270BFE77" bold="true" box="[151,266,404,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F7640CBD4BD24EEFE77" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[482,751,404,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7640CBD4BD24EEFE77" box="[482,751,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7643DCD4BC254AFE76" bold="true" box="[757,843,405,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7F8F7643DCD4BC254AFE76" box="[757,843,405,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F764257D4BC220FFE77" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[894,1038,404,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764257D4BC220FFE77" box="[894,1038,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A. palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7F8F76453CD4BC226BFE76" box="[1045,1130,405,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7F8F76418FD4952298FC04" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<table id="F931C46BEB7F708C418FD495230BFC04" box="[166,1290,444,991]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD495230BFE0F" box="[166,1290,444,468]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD495240BFE0F" box="[166,522,444,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76418FD4952714FE0F" bold="true" box="[166,277,444,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD49525A0FE0F" box="[676,929,444,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76438DD4952592FE0F" bold="true" box="[676,915,444,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F76438DD495253AFE0F" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[676,827,444,468]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76438DD495253AFE0F" bold="true" box="[676,827,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7F8F76426BD4952592FE0F" box="[834,915,444,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED495230BFE0F" box="[1063,1290,444,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76450ED495230BFE0F" bold="true" box="[1063,1290,444,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F76450ED49522B2FE0F" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1063,1203,444,468]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76450ED49522B2FE0F" bold="true" box="[1063,1203,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A. palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7F8F764593D495230BFE0F" box="[1210,1290,444,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD4CD230BFE27" box="[166,1290,484,508]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD4CD240BFE27" box="[166,522,484,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Branching</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD4CD25A0FE27" box="[676,929,484,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">flexible, curved, crooked</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED4CD230BFE27" box="[1063,1290,484,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">stiff, curved, upright</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD724230BFDFE" box="[166,1290,525,549]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD724240BFDFE" box="[166,522,525,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Orders of branching</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD72425A0FDFE" box="[676,929,525,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">2 (up to 4*)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED724230BFDFE" box="[1063,1290,525,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">2**</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD71C230BFD96" box="[166,1290,565,589]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD71C240BFD96" box="[166,522,565,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Branch angles</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD71C25A0FD96" box="[676,929,565,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">~90°</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED71C230BFD96" box="[1063,1290,565,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">~90°</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD774230BFDAE" box="[166,1290,605,629]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD774240BFDAE" box="[166,522,605,629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Maximum branch length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD77425A0FDAE" box="[676,929,605,629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">18 cm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED774230BFDAE" box="[1063,1290,605,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">13.7 cm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD7AC230BFD45" box="[166,1290,645,670]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD7AC240BFD45" box="[166,522,645,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Polypar spines maximum height</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD7AC25A0FD45" box="[676,929,645,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">0.25 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED7AC230BFD45" box="[1063,1290,645,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">0.14 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD787230BFD1D" box="[166,1290,686,710]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD787240BFD1D" box="[166,522,686,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Abpolypar spines maximum height</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD78725A0FD1D" box="[676,929,686,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">0.15 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED787230BFD1D" box="[1063,1290,686,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">0.11 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD7FF230BFD35" box="[166,1290,726,750]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD7FF240BFD35" box="[166,522,726,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Tubercles on polypar spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD7FF25A0FD35" box="[676,929,726,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">≤ 6 (in lateral view)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED7FF230BFD35" box="[1063,1290,726,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">≤ 8 (in lateral view)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD7D7230BFCCD" box="[166,1290,766,790]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD7D7240BFCCD" box="[166,522,766,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Height of tubercles</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD7D725A0FCCD" box="[676,929,766,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">≤ 0.005 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED7D7230BFCCD" box="[1063,1290,766,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">≤ 0.007 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD60F230BFCE5" box="[166,1290,806,830]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD60F240BFCE5" box="[166,522,806,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Rows of spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD60F25A0FCE5" box="[676,929,806,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">6 (lateral view)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED60F230BFCE5" box="[1063,1290,806,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">6 (lateral view)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD666230BFCBC" box="[166,1290,847,871]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD666240BFCBC" box="[166,522,847,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Mutual distance of spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD66625A0FCBC" box="[676,929,847,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">0.7–0.9 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED666230BFCBC" box="[1063,1290,847,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">0.5 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD65E230BFC54" box="[166,1290,887,911]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD65E240BFC54" box="[166,522,887,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Spine density in each row</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD65E25A0FC54" box="[676,929,887,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">2–3 spines per mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED65E230BFC54" box="[1063,1290,887,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">3 per mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD6B6230BFC6C" box="[166,1290,927,951]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD6B6240BFC6C" box="[166,522,927,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Transverse diameter of polyps</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD6B625A0FC6C" box="[676,929,927,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">2–3.6 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED6B6230BFC6C" box="[1063,1290,927,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">2 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35013489EB7F708C418FD6EE230BFC04" box="[166,1290,967,991]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76D05DF5EB7F708C418FD6EE240BFC04" box="[166,522,967,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Polyp density</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C438DD6EE25A0FC04" box="[676,929,967,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">3–5 per cm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05DF5EB7F708C450ED6EE230BFC04" box="[1063,1290,967,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">4–5 per cm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="76D73745EB7F8F7641BED6C42750FBF2" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[166,1290,444,991]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7F8F7641BED6C42572FBDF" blockId="5.[151,883,1005,1065]" box="[151,883,1005,1029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
* Based on
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F76403DD6C42756FBDF" box="[276,343,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
photos of colonies presumed to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F7643F8D6C4256DFBDE" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[721,876,1005,1029]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7643F8D6C4256DFBDE" box="[721,876,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">A. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7F8F7641BED1382750FBF2" blockId="5.[151,883,1005,1065]" box="[151,337,1041,1065]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">** Holotype only</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB7F8F7641BED2992476F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736459/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" startId="5.[151,250,1968,1992]" targetBox="[151,1435,1089,1945]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7F8F7641BED2992213F812" blockId="5.[151,1042,1968,2029]" box="[151,1042,1968,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7641BED2992712F813" bold="true" box="[151,275,1968,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764030D298275BF813" box="[281,346,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
image of colonies presumed to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7F8F764392D29925BAF813" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[699,955,1968,1992]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F764392D29925BAF813" box="[699,955,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7F8F7642E8D2982213F812" bold="true" box="[961,1042,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7F8F7642E8D2982213F812" box="[961,1042,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7F8F7641BED2FD2476F837" blockId="5.[151,1042,1968,2029]" box="[151,631,2004,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Photo: J. Maragos, 1982, Puna, Hawaii, 349 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB7C8F7541EED5BE2561FF6A" box="[199,864,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7C8F7541EED5BE2561FF6A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,285]" box="[199,864,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7C8F7541EED5BE274FFF6A" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB7C8F7543E6D5BE24FEFF6A" box="[719,767,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB7C8F7541EED593233DFEC6" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB7C8F7541EED593233DFEC6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7C8F7541EED5932760FF0F" bold="true" box="[199,353,186,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F829EB7C8F754310D592248CFF0E" box="[569,653,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB7C8F7543B0D592251AFF0E" box="[665,795,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.395" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="339.5" valueMax="381.0" valueMin="298.0">
|
||
298–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37FD42EB7C8F7543FBD592251AFF0E" box="[722,795,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="generic">381 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Observations made from ROVs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB7C8F7545B3D59222DDFF0E" box="[1178,1244,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1089,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-294@5.[151,1435,1089,1945]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. In situ image of colonies presumed to be Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. Photo: J. Maragos, 1982, Puna, Hawaii, 349 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736459/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) suggest that the species might be fairly abundant in certain areas around the Hawaiian Islands. Although the growth form of the species is quite distinctive, we cannot confirm that the colonies shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB7C8F754280D42A2209FEC6" box="[937,1032,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1089,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-294@5.[151,1435,1089,1945]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. In situ image of colonies presumed to be Anozopathes hawaiiensis sp. nov. Photo: J. Maragos, 1982, Puna, Hawaii, 349 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736459/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB7C8F754511D42A22DAFEC6" authority="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Bo & Stein & Evankow & Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1080,1243,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7C8F754511D42A22DAFEC6" box="[1080,1243,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">A. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB7C8F7545CBD42A233DFEC6" bold="true" box="[1250,1340,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657A2EB7C8F7545CBD42A233DFEC6" box="[1250,1340,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |